EXERCISE 2.

MEASUREMENTS OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTANCES

Name: Date: Score:

Course / Yr: Time:

I. Solve the following problems. Show all pertinent solutions.

1. Given the approximate flat area and depth of the excavation of the following borrow
pits:
a) 3750.0 sq m and 758.0 cm
b) 0.035 sq km and 180.0 m
c) 15.6 ares and 495.0 m
d) 9.250 ha and 250.0 m
e) 46750 sq m and 195.0 m
Determine the volume of earth removed from each pit in cubic meters.

2. The angles about a point have the following observed values: 87°07’50”, 125°17’20”,
and 147°35’20”. Determine the most probable value of the three angles.

3. The interior angles of a quadrilateral were observed to be: A=100°35’40”,

B=118°44’15”, C=80°54’35” and D=59°45’50”. Determine the most probable value of
each of these angles.

4. A quantity was measured ten times with the following results: 34.630, 34.626, 34.634,
34.628, 34.629, 34.626, 34.627, 34.633, 34.625 and 34.624 meters. Determine the
probable error of the mean and the relative precision of the mean.

5. A distance AB is measured five times as 610.03, 610.01, 610.05, 610.04 and 610.02
meters. The measurement were given weights of 3, 2, 1, 2 and 3, respectively, by the
head tapeman. Determine the weighted mean for distance AB. Also, determine the
difference in results later if the judgement revises the weights to 2, 3, 1, 3, and 2.

6. The dimensions of a five-sided tract of land are given by the following measurement
and corresponding probable errors: 221.63m±0.004m, 235.70m±0.002m,
196.05±0.005m, 296.13m±0.012m and 303.18m±0.015m. Determine the probable
error of the sum of the five measurements and the most probable value of the
perimeter.

7. The base and altitude of triangular-shaped figure were measured with certain
estimated probable errors as follows: b=425.67m±0.07m and h=138.63m±0.06m.
Determine the area of the figure and the probable error in the resulting calculation.

8. In walking along a 75-m course, the pacer of a field party counted 43.50, 44.00, 43.50,
43.75, 44.50 and 43.25 strides. Then 105.50, 106.00, 105.75 and 106.25 strides were
counted in walking from one marker to another established along a straight and level
course. Determine the distance between two markers.
 EXERCISE 1.2

MEASUREMENTS OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTANCES

Name: Date: Score:

Course / Yr: Time:

I. Solve the following problems. Show all pertinent solutions.

1. A 30-m steel tape is of standard length at 20°C. If the coefficient of thermal expansion of
steel is 0.0000116/1°C, determine the distance to be laid out using this tape to establish
two points exactly 1235.65 m apart when the temperature is 33°C.
2. A steel tape is 30.0-m long under a pull of 6.0 kg when supported throughout. It has a
cross-sectional area of 0.035 cm2 and is applied fully supported with a 12-kg pull to
measure a line whose recorded length is 308.32 m. Determine the correct length of the
line E=2.10x106 kg/cm2.
3. A 30-m steel tape weighs 1.5 kg and is supported at its end points and at the 5 and 15-
meter marks. If a pull of 8 kg is applied, determine the correction due to sag between the
supports and for one tape length.
4. A 30-m length tape weighing 0.04 kg/m is constantly supported only at its end points,
and used to measure a line with a steady pull of 8.5 kg. If the measured length of the line
is 2464.18 m, determine the correct length of the line.
5. A 30-m steel tape supported at its ends weighs 0.03 kg/m and is of standard length
under a pull of 6.5 kg. If the elastic modulus of steel is 2.0x106 kg/cm2 and its weight
density is 7.9x10-3 kg/cm3, determine the tension at which the effect of sag will be
eliminated by the elongation of the tape due to increased tension.
6. A 30-m tape weighs 12.5 g/m and has a cross section of 0.022 cm2. It measures correctly
when supported throughout the under the tension of 8.0 kg and at a temperature of
20°C. When used in the field, the tape is only supported at its ends, under a pull of 9.0
kg, and at an average temperature of 28°C. Determine the distance between the zero and
30-m marks.
7. A line was found to be 2865.35 m long when measured with a 30-m tape under a steady
pull of 6.5 kg at a mean temperature of 30°C. Determine the correct length of the line if
the tape used is of standard length at 20°C under a pull
of 5.5 kg. Assume the cross-sectional area of the tape
to be 0.025 cm2, elastic modulus as 2.10x106 kg/cm2,
and coefficient of thermal expansion to be
0.0000116/1°C.
8. The sides of a triangle measure 1063.55, 1840.33, and
1325.05 m. Determine the three angles in the triangle.
9. In the accompanying sketch, it is required to
determine the distance between points A and B which
spans a wide and deep river. Lines BD and CE, which
measure 385.75 m and 529.05 m, respectively, are B
established perpendicular to line ABC. If points D and
E are lined up with A and the length of BC=210.38 m,
determine the required distance.
C