Kenneth Monares

BCE211F(2181) - Ulo b - Let’s Analyze

Let’s Analyze

Problem Set: Weighted Measurements, Summation and Product of Errors

1. line is measured on a windy day as 338.65 m. The same line measured 338.37 m on a
calm day. If the latter measurement is given four times the reliability of the first, determine
the most probable value of the measured line.

2. A distance AB is measured five times as 610.03, 610.01, 610.05, 610.04, and 610.02
meters. The measurements were given weights of 3, 2, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, by the
head tape man. Determine the weighted mean for distance AB. Also, determine what
difference results if later judgment revises the weights to 2, 3, 1, 3, and 2.
3. And angle ABC is measured at different times using various instruments and procedures.
The results, which are assigned certain weights, are as follows: 75° 09'26", weight of 4;
75°09’25’’, weight of 3; and 75° 09’27’’, weight of 1. Determine the most value of the angle
measured. Probable

4. In this problem the weight an angle is assumed to be proportional to the number of times
it has been measured by repetition. Five angles in a pentagon were measured with the of
following results: 134°44’35’’, 167°02'05'’, 86°15’20’’, 75°48’50’’, and 76°08’50’’. If the
number of repetitions for each measurement and were 2, 6, 6, 8, and 4, respectively,
determine the adjusted values of the angles.
5. Two sides and the included angle of a triangle were measured and the probable error of
each value were computed as follows: a = 267.55 m ± 0.05 m, b = 564.75 ± 0.06 m, and the
angle C = 57°15’45’’. Determine the area of the triangle and the probable error of the area.

6. Three sides of triangle were measured with the following results: a =1431.20 m ± 0.02 m,
b = 570.77 m ± 0.03 m, and c = 1767.15 m ± 0.04 m. Determine the angles in the triangle
together with the probable errors of the angles.
7. A line AE is divided into segments for measurement with a tape. The results were AB =
134.10 m ± 0.040 m, BC = 320.63 m ± 0.055 m, CD =173.73 m ± 0.056 m, and DE =
160.85 m ± 0.050 m. Determine the length of the line and the probable error of the
measured length.

8. The difference in elevation between two ground points was measured by each of three
field parties using different kinds of leveling instruments. The results are as follows: 1st
Party, DE = 18.45 m ± 0.05 m; 2nd Party, DE=18.40 m ± 0.04 m; 3rd Party, DE = 18.48 m ±
0.05m. Determine the most probable difference in elevation between the two ground points.
9. The four approximately equal sides of a tract of land were measured and the
measurements included the following errors: ±0.085 m, ±0.014 m, ±0.175 m, and ± 0.205 m,
respectively Determine the probable error for the total length (or perimeter) of the tract.

10. The dimensions of a five-sided tract of land are given by the following measurements
and corresponding probable errors: 221.63 m ± 0.004 m, 235.70m ± 0.002 m, 196.05 m ±
0.005 m, 296.13 m ± 0.012 m, and 303.18 m ± 0.015 m. Determine the probable error of
the sum of the five measurements and the most probable value o! the perimeter.
11. . Two sides of a rectangle were measured as being 226.25 m ± 0.03 m and 307.28 m ±
0.04m. Determine the area of the figure and the probable error of the area.

12. The base and altitude of triangular-shaped figure were measured with certain estimated
probable errors as follows: b = 425.67 m ± 0.07 m and h = 138.63 m ± 0.06 m. Determine
the area of the figure and the probable error in the resulting calculation.