MOVEMENT THANKS TO THE HYDRAULIC IMPULSE

(THE HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR)

Sara Rodríguez, Isabella Robayo and Valentina Torres

THEORETICAL SUPPORT ABOUT THE PHENOMENA

- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
Pascal's principle

Pascal's principle created by the French physicist and mathematician Blaise Pascal
(1623-1662), helps to carry out the operation of hydraulic machines, being a force exerted
towards an enclosed fluid, which as a result spreads uniformly to the points of the liquid and
the walls of said container. In the same way, it is closely related to hydrostatics, which is
responsible for studying the pressure exerted by a fluid on a submerged body, analyzing its
transport and use of this fluid. You can see Pascal's principle in hydraulic systems, it is the
fundamental application of Pascal's principle, which essentially consists of cylinders
connected to each other, and whose interior is completely filled with or water. In each of the
two cylinders are mounted, respectively, two pistons of different sections, so that they are in
contact with the liquid. When a force F1 is exerted on the piston with the smallest section S1,
the pressure p1 that originates in the liquid in contact with it is totally and instantaneously
transmitted to all the rest of the liquid; therefore, it will be equal to the pressure p2 exerted by
the liquid on the piston with the largest section S2, that is: p1 = p2. With that, therefore: If the
section S2 greater than that of S1, the force F1 applied to the small piston is multiplied by
twenty in the large piston.

Image 1: principles of Pascal's operation with pistons.

WHY THIS ACTIVITY IS IMPORTANT FOR KIDS? Goals and objective
- Explanation about the accuracy of the experiment for little guys
The experiment will be divided into two pairs. The theoretical part of Pascal's principle and
the movement of fluids, adjusting the explanation for young children, showing its operation
with support images and audiovisual material. This explanation will take the duration of 12
minutes. Later, we will start with the practical activity, where we will choose two participants
to compete against each other. Bearing in mind that in our experiment 2 excavating machines
are going to be built, and the two children have to move and interact with the syringes for the
vehicle to move, on one side we will have a container with sand and the participant who
manages to fill the jar empty with the largest amount of sand will win a prize, this activity
will have a duration of 8 minutes.

- Explain 3 objectives to make your experiment

General
— Demonstrate Pascal's law in a way understandable to young children through
experimentation.

Specific
— Explain to children Pascal's principle and fluid motions using an interactive hydraulic
excavator.
— Check pressure and volume changes in cylinders and hoses.

STEP BY STEP WITH THE MATERIALS AND AMOUNTS FOR RECREATE THE
EXPERIMENT
- Details about the steps and materials that you are gonna use during the experiment
Materials
1. Papier-mache (6 big sheets)
2. Template to make the exact structure
3. Sheet metal to make the excavator blade (15 cm×10 cm)
4. Small screws to glue all the parts together
5. Scissors
6. Drill
7. 3 long screw
8. Nuts
9. Blue acetate
10. Wire
11. Two batteries
12. Styrofoam 1 thick sheet
13. Silver paint
14. Recyclable smooth rim
15. 4 medium screws
16. Plastic ties (1 bag)
17. Plastic syringe tubes
18. 14 medium syringes

Steps
1. First, the stable template is printed and placed on top of the papier-mâché, so the
silhouette of each tile is drawn to be able to make the entire structure, this is how the
tiles are cut and divided to make the excavator part by part.

2. To make the mouth of the excavator, the parts are glued with a screw and this is how
the aluminum is cut at the tip to make teeth and glue them to the front of the
excavator.

3. Join the cardboard legs with the screws and adjust them with nuts and check that it
can be moved.
4. With silicone, glue the parts of the house and place the blue acetate to simulate the
glasses.

5. Paste and create all the structure by joining the movement mechanisms with the static
part of the structure of the machine that contains different details like the machine
driving cab simulation.

6. Cut to size and glue to create the bearings of the structure, in the same way place the
tire rubber in the bearings so that it can roll easily

7. Cut the base of the structure and place it on top of the bearing, that is where the
movement of the entire figure is based.

8. Join the silicone hoses with the syringes to create the structure where the fluid flows
9. Place a syringe in the horizontal movement mechanism so that when the liquid exerts
force it can move sideways

10. Join the upper part with the bearing with the help of special screws and threads, join
the syringes and hoses that will allow the movement of the claw.

11. Put the syringes in each base of movements in which you bend, turn or go up and
down. So that the syringes can help the movement to occur correctly
12. Place the wounds or each silicone needle, replacing an electrical circuit so that it can
be moved

13. Paste the decoration and add water so that the structure moves as it should do.
 REFERENCES ( APA format)

Hernandez, H. (2020). Pascal’s Law in Gases. ResearchGate.

https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36166.09285

M SAQIB. (2018,). How to Make JCB (Hitachi) Remote Control Hydraulic

Excavator(Crane) From Hardboard ’at Home DIY [Vídeo]. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kHiOJjbq-0

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1998). Pascal’s principle | Definition,

Example, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/Pascals-principle