Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION (PART 2)
REFERENCES
OUTLINE
I. Factors Affecting G & D “PROF’S PPT”
A. Culture
B. Health
C. Family
a) Parental Attitudes FACTORS AFFECTING G & D
b) Child Rearing Philosophies Culture
II. Stages of Human Development ○ habits, beliefs, language, values and attitudes
III. Methods of Studying Children of cultural groups influence the child’s G & D
A. Cross Sectional Studies ○ very specific behaviors/ habits
B. Longitudinal Studies ○ could be a big culture/ big community or
IV. Patterns of Growth and Developmental within family /small communities
A. Directional Studies ○ included in cultures : superstitions
B. Sequential Studies
C. Developmental Studies Health - illness, injury or other congenital
D. Sensitive Periods conditions can affect G & D
E. Individual Differences Family - the purpose of the family is to provide
V. Biologic Growth & Physical Development support and safety for the child
A. Linear Growth or Height ○ primary caregivers
B. Weight ○ the bond and the influence of the family
C. Bone Age members will always affect the growth and
D. Dentition development of the child
VI. Summary: Life of a Tooth ○ to nurture the child from a young age and to
VII. Development of Organ Systems give support in other aspects
A. Respiratory, Digestive, Renal, &
Muscoloskeletal a) PARENTAL ATTITUDES
B. Neurologic Tissues i. Educational status
C. Lymphoid Tissues ii. Childhood experiences
D. Skeletal Growth & Maturation iii. Financial Pressures
VIII. Motor Development iv. Marital Status
v. Available Support System - from other
family members/community
vi. Child’s temperament
vii. Child’s personality
STAGES AGE
NEWBORN Birth to 28 days
INFANCY 1 - 12 months
TODDLER 1 - 3 years
PRESCHOOL AGE 3 - 6 years
SCHOOL AGE 6 - 12 years
ADOLESCENCE 12 - 20 years
EARLY ADULT 20 - 40 years
Authoritarian - focus of obedience, punishment
over discipline MIDDLE ADULT 40 - 65 years
○ do not take their child's feelings into
OLDER ADULTHOOD
considerations
○ gives rules to the child YOUNG - OLD 65 - 74 years old
Authoritative - create positive relationship,
enforce rules MIDDLE - OLD 75 - 84 years old
○ they enforce rules and give consequences but
they also give reward OLD - OLD 85 and over
○ more child friendly
Permissive - Don’t enforce rules, ‘kids will be kids’ METHODS OF STUDYING CHILDREN
○ they set rules but do not enforce rules
○ do not give exact punishment and rewards Cross - Sectional Studies
○ they provide the child well in terms of nutrition ○ Participants of different ages studied at the
Uninvolved - Provide little guidance, nurturing, or
same time
attention
○ done in a short span of time
○ they just left their kids free
○ they do not give the basic necessities ○ yields faster results
○ very focused on themselves and other things ○ less expensive
that may neglect the child
Longitudinal Studies
NOTE: Difference between temperament and ○ One group of people studies over a period of
personality time
Temperament ○ repeated observations or testing at specified
it is innate & difficult to change points during the participants’ lives, thus
it is what governs the behavior of a child allowing the observation of development
Personality ○ time consuming
qualities that form an individuals distinct
character
personality could change overtime based on
how you condition yourself
pattern of a child thoughts, feelings and
behaviors
could be affected by temperament
Primary teeth
STIMULI IN CHILDREN: Usually TOUCH, LIGHT, SOUND, Manipulation – Reaching, grasping, and releasing
HUNGER, TEMPERATURE Example: Palmar grasp reflex (grab-is reflexive)
Babies are easily triggered when the baby is hungry, In your rudimentary skills, grasping and releasing are
when the baby cannot see their primary caregivers already voluntary
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF YOUR REFLEXIVE SKILLS: Locomotor – Crawling, creeping, and standing
Primitive reflexes – survival reflexes: information- Crawling is when the baby is prone on the floor then
gathering, nourishment-seeking and protective moves using the upper limbs, the hands then swaying
the lower extremities
Examples: Rooting reflex & Sucking reflex
Once the baby masters crawling, he/she can now
ROOTING REFLEX – what happens when you already transition to creeping. Creeping is when the
stimulate the side of your baby’s mouth either left baby is in all-fours. Also, when the baby’s tummy is
or right side, the baby will turn to that side, to that lifted off the floor, he hands are stable on the floor and
touch stimuli the baby is supporting him/herself with the knees.
SUCKING REFLEX – Put sometime Touch the tip of CRAWLING: Baby’s abdomen is flat on the floor.
the lips of the baby, the baby’s initial reaction
would be to latch on to that object and suck CREEPING: The abdomen of the baby is away from
the floor since the baby can now support
Example: Breastfeeding his/herself with his own hands and knees.
Also the same as that when you put your finger on the STANDING: After crawling and creeping, the baby
tip of the lips of your cousin, sister, or brother then the will know how to stand.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE:
Stepping reflex (REFLEXIVE) -> Learning to crawl & stand
(RUDIMENTARY) -> Walking & jumping (GENERAL
FUNDAMENTAL) -> Dancing (SPECIFIC SKILL) -> Folk
dancing (SPECIALIZED MOVEMENT SKILL)