PEDIATRICS

TOPIC # AND TITLE OF MAIN TOPIC  Bladder and bowel control, significant language development
Dr. Irwina Lazo  Vulnerability to sedentary lifestyle thus predisposes to metabolic
diseases
August 7, 2019
Middle childhood (6- 10 years)
Topic 01: Introduction  Independent
 Value acceptance from families, teachers and peers
OUTLINE OF THE TOPIC  Self-esteem become an important issue
I. OVERVIEW OF PEDIATRICS  Deciduous teeth replaced with permanent dentition
II. SOCIOCULTURAL ISSUES IN PEDIATRICS  Higher-order motor skills – dancing, sports
III. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
IV. COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS Adolescence (10 - <19 years)
V. BIOETHICS IN PEDIATRICS  Transition period
 Rapid growth, marked physical and psychological changes
OVERVIEW OF PEDIATRICS  Sense of identity (Erickson)
 Risk – taking behaviors, economic independence, initiation of intimacy
Pediatrics
- Branch of medicine that deals with infants, children and adolescents
SOCIOCULTURAL ISSUES IN PEDIATRICS
- Aim to promote physical and mental well-being
- Prevent and treat diseases 1. Social and cultural diversities and its implication to pediatric
- Does not concentrate on particular organs or system practice
- Covers concerns of patients ages 0 - 19 years old “it takes a village to raise a child” (Nigerian Proverb)

“The child is not a miniature adult” Child- rearing practices:

 Continuous growth and development - Parents, immediate family, neighbors, friends
 Characteristics peculiarities at certain ages - Inter-generation influences
- “age of information technology”
Age Groups Age
Perinatal period 28 weeks to 7 days Sectors of health care
Newborn or neonatal period 0 – 1 month i. Professional sector
Infancy 0 – 2 years  Formal training with government-supervised licensing
mechanism
Infant proper 0 – 1 year
 “biomedicine”
Late infant (toddler) 1 – 2 years
Preschool 2 – 5 years  Physicians, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, allied health care
professionals
Middle childhood 6 – 10 years
Adolescence 10 - <19 years
ii. Folk sector
Early adolescence 10 – 13 years
 Acquisition of knowledge through ascription or through
Middle adolescence 13 – 16 years apprenticeship
Late adolescence 17 - <19 years  Hilot, albularyos
 “divine healing”
Perinatal Period (28weeks – 7 days)
 Naturopathic medicine
 Late fetal to early extrauterine period
 Prenatal, maternal and fetal influences
iii. Popular Sector
 Before, during and after delivery
 Anyone solicited for advice on health
Newborn or Neonatal Period (0-28 days)  Drug store clerks, neighbor, relatives
 Very early (<24 hours)
 Early (24 h – 7 days) 2. Social networks economics and child health
 Late (7 days – 28 days)
 Marked physiologic changes in all organs Extended Family Family dynamics
 Increased vulnerability to infections Ties/kinship
 50% mortality – first year of life; prematurity, LBW, congenital a. Family kinship a. Changes in parenting roles
conditions b. Consanguinity b. Absentee mother
c. Ritual kinship c. Adaptation
Infancy proper (0 – 1 year old) d. Blended Family
 Very rapid physical growth and maturation e. e. “yaya” gatekeeper
 New competencies in all domains of development
3. Economics and child health
Late infancy (1 – 2 year old)  Political Economy
 Growth interest in play activities, ability to explore  Power relationships and interactions between macro-
 Increased in motor skills, more independence structures of health:
 Marked improvement in language skills  Government, private sector, professional organizations

Preschool (2 – 5 years old)

 Physical growth deceleration, more enhanced gross and fine motor
skills

insert quotation/bible verse here

1
TRANSCRIBERS: Chenes ǀChorva ǀCharaught
 PEDIATRICS
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Social determinants of health:
 Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational
and job opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods
 Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
 Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the
presence of death
 Social support and social interactions
 Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the
internet or cellphones
 Socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty
 Quality schools
 Transportation options
 Public safety
 Residential segregation

Physical determinants of health:

 Natural environment, such as plants, weather or climate change
 Built environment, such as buildings or transportation
 Worksites, schools and recreational settings
 Housing, home and neighborhoods

Physical environment and its effect on Child-rearing and Parenting

1. House where a child lives
2. Availability of clean water
3. Sanitation
4. Exposure to pollution and toxins
5. Quality of school and neighborhood
6. Areas for play, safety and security

COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS
Roles of Community Pediatricians
1. Clinicians
2. Counsellors
3. Program managers
4. Planner

“end poverty in all its forms by 2030”

1. Identification of relevant data indicative of child health in the
community
2. Common childhood complaints in the community BIOETHICS IN PEDIATRICS
3. First aid and treatment options for community problems 1. Physicians as child care advocates
4. Referral system from the community to higher facilities and a. Rights of children
specialized centers 2. Ethical decision making in pediatrics
5. Pediatric health promotion in the community a. PPS Code of Ethics
6. DOH programs for pediatrics in the community b. Institutional Board Review and Ethics Committee
DOH programs for Pediatrics I the community
 Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses
 Early Childhood Care and Developmental Plan
---------------------END------------------------
 Garantisadong Pambata
 Newborn Screening
 “Fit to School Program” REFERENCES:
 Infant and Young Child Feeding
 National child Injury Prevention and Control
 Expanded Program of Immunization Please follow the correct format of writing/citing references. Delete these
 Adolescent and Youth Health Programs sample formats thereafter.
How to cite a book (APA Format):
Non-Government Programs Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. City, State: Publisher.
 Bulilit (child-to-child) program Example:
 Feeding Program Lakay, M.J. (2018). Topnotcher’s Catalogue. San Fernando City: C and E
 Safe Kids Programs Bookshop
 Integrated School Health Programs
How to cite a book online (APA Format):
Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. Retrieved from URL
insert quotation/bible verse here
2
TRANSCRIBERS: Chenes ǀChorva ǀCharaught
 PEDIATRICS
Example:
Lakay, M.J. (2018). Topnotcher’s Catalogue. Retrieved from
http://books.google.com

How to cite Lecture Notes from a Lecturer/Tutor (APA Format)

Example:
Lakay, M.J. (2018). Topic or Lecture title. Retrieved from University of the
Philippines, College of Medicine

insert quotation/bible verse here

3
TRANSCRIBERS: Chenes ǀChorva ǀCharaught