Life

-The aspect of existence that process,

acts, reacts, and evolves through growth.
(reproduction and
metabolism).
- Begins after the union of male and
female gametes or germ cells during a
process known as fertilization
(conception).
FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE

1. HEREDITARY-heredity factors play their part at the time of

conception in the mother' womb. It is genetically transmitted
characteristics that the child carries genetic endowments
from his/her parent. The physical characteristics like height,
weight, eye color etc. and psychological characteristics such
as intelligence. personality. creativity and so on are innately
determined and hereditary.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS -another important factor of

human development is that where an individual lives and
grows. An environment consists of a wide range of stimuli
and it provides the necessary input and experiential base for
development of the child. Enrichment or impoverishment of
the environment would produced differences in his abilities.

3. HOME ENVIRONMENT -Home environment exerts

tremendous influence on child's understanding of the
external world. It builds self-concept and prepares him face
the external world.
The child begins to acquire knowledge through interaction
with parents and other family members. During his early
years of development. The environment of the family can be
supportive or stressful for the child. If the child was raised
with supportive or positive family, the child will grow positive.

4. CULTURAL FACTORS - culture refers to a system of

beliefs, attitudes and valves that are transmitted from one
generation to the next. It is a product of past human behavior
and is also a shaper of future aspirations. The child leams the
habits, beliefs, attitude, skills and standards of judgement
through the socialization processes. The socialization
processes of the child take place according to the culture,
customs and traditions of the society. (i.e., mano)

5. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (SES) - socioeconomic status

plays a crucial role in human development. The index of
sociosconomic status is determined by parental education,
occupation and income. The children of low socioeconomic
status may develop as mal-nourished, suffer from lack of
knowledge in many aspects and their normal-development
may get hampered. The parenting in high socioeconomic
status families would be different from low socio-economic
status families.

6. NORMATIVE INFLUENCES - normative influence occur in a

similar way for the majority of people in a particular group.
These influences may be biological or environmental. It is
where a person conforms to fit in with the group because
they don't want to appear foolish or be left out. This influence
is usually associated with compliance, behavior but not their
private beliefs. where a person changes their public

7. EDUCATION AND TRAINING - each child is equipped with

certain abilities which need to be nurtured through proper
education and training. Therefore, the first and foremost step
is to identify and recognize the ability of the child and the
next step is to provide adequate opportunities to develop the
same. I proper identification of the ability is not possible and
adequate facilities are not available to the child, then his
innate ability may not be developed. Thus, adequate
education and training have influence on human
development.
 C HA PT E R V I

S T AGES I N
T H E L I FE S PAN
Stages in the Life Span
It is the development of the human
body where there is the process of
growth and maturity.
these stages reflect unique aspects
of the various stages of childhood
and adulthood.
there are 10 stages of life span:

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT/ PRENATAL

PERIOD (conception- birth)

conception occurs and development

begins. All of the major structures of the
body are forming and the health of the
mother is of primary concern. Primary
concerns include understanding nutrition,
teratogens (or environmental faciors that
can lead to birth defects), and labor or
delivery.
 INFANCY (birth- 2nd years old)

The first year and a half of to two years of

life are ones dramatic growth and
change. A newbom, with a keen sense of
hearing but vey poor vision is
transformed into walking. talking toddler
within a relatively short period of time.

BABYHOOD (end of 2nd years old)

It develops the foundation for the

development during the entire life span.
During this stage a rapid physical and
intellectual development takes place.
 EARLY CHILDHOOD (2-6 years old)

also referred to as the preschool years

which follow toddlerhood and precede
for schooling. As a two or three to five or
six-year-old, the at is busy learning
language, gaining sense of self and great
independence, and is beginning to learn
the workings of the physical world.
MIDDLE & LATE CHILDHOOD
(6- 11/12 years old)

spans the ages between early childhood

and adolescence. They gain greater
control of their bodies, mastering many
skills that eluded the younger child.
 PUBERTY (12-14 years old)

it is when your child's body begins to

develop and change as they transition
into adulthood. Puberty is the time when
all your major organs and body system
mature.

ADOLESCENCE (13 or 14- 18 years old)

a period of dramatic physical change

marked by an overall physical growth
and sexual maturation, known as puberty.
A time of cognitive change as the
adolescent begins to think of new
possibilities and to consider abstract
concepts such as love, fear, and freedom.
 EARLY ADULTHOOD (18-40 years old)

the twenties and thirties are often

thought of as early adulthood. It is a time
when we are at our physiological peak
but are most at risk for involvement in
violent crimes and substance abuse.

MIDDLE AGE (40-60 years old)

this is a period in which aging, that began

earlier, becomes more noticeable and a
period at which many people are at their
peak of productivity in love and work.
 OLD AGE/ LATE ADULTHOOD
(60 years old)

death'- this period in the life span has

increased in the last 100 years. Late
adulthood is sometimes subdivided into
two calegories such as the "young old,
and "old old., where old old reach it final
stage in life which is death.
 C HA PT E R V II

T AKI NG C ARE O F M Y
PH YS I C AL S EL F
Physical Self
refers to the body, the tangible aspect of
person that can directly observe and
examine. Taking good care of our
psychical self help us to enhance our
psychical health, it raises our standard in
living. and it guards against physical and
mental sickness. There is a strong
connection between your/our body and
our mind.

CONSEQUENCES OF
POOR PHYSICAL SELF CARE

Our body show bad effects or

consequences if we don't practice proper
physical care such as low energy. less
patience, difficulty falling asleep,
depression, and anxiety attack.
Routines
Here are some routines that might heip
you to create a physical care activity.

~get enough of sleep

~eat well (healthy foods)

~stay hydrated

~proper grooming

~move your body (exercise)

We must find and provide some time for ourselves to

look and take good care of our physical well being.
When we try to do recreational stuffs we must stay
away from any form of interference, and mingle some
people or socialize outside your neighborhood and
make friends. We should always remember that
prevention is better than cure, if we take good care of
our physical well being.
C HA PT E R V III

FO U RT EEN
I NT EL L EGENT
BEH AVI O U RS
14 Intellegent Behaviors
Intelligent behavior is the capability of
using one's knowledge about the word to
make decisions in novel situations. The
manner in which a person conducts
him/herself in various circumstances.
When a person behave intelligently
he/she said to manifest 14 behaviors or
dispositions.

1. OVERCOMING IMPULSIVENESS
- it involves planning, clarifying goals,
exploring alternative strategies and
considering consequences.

2. PERSISTENCE
- it means not giving up when the answer
to not immediately known.

3. USING ALL THE SENSES

- the senses of feeling, seeing. hearing, or
even tasting are utilized to solve
problems more effectively.
4. LIVING WITH A SENSE OF
WONDERMENT
- involved in this behavior are
inquisitiveness, curiosity, and openness to
beauty, intricacy, complexity, and
simplicity.

5. CREATIVITY
it means applying ingenuity, originality
and insight developing the capacity to
generate original, clever or ingenious
products, solutions and techniques.

6. QUESTINONG AND PROBLEM POSING

- it means asking questions and finding
out problems for yourself.

7. LISTENING TO OTHERS
- some cognitive psychologist think that
the ability to listen to another person and
understand their point of view is one of
the highest forma of intelligent behavior.

8. FLEXIBILITY IN THINKING
- it is when one consider other points of
view rather than running with the first
possibilty.

9. METACOGNITION
- it refers to the awareness of how one is
thinking or the knowledge of what is
going on in one's head.

10. COOPERATION
- it refers to taking advantage of the
knowledge and insights that can only
come as a result of social relationship.

11. SENSE OF HUMOR

- it refers to being able to look at
situations, opportunities, problems and
relationship with nonchalance and fun.

12. CHECKING FOR ACCURACY AND

PRECISION
- it is the behavior of not letting speed
surpass your desire for craftsmanship.

13. APPLYING PAST KNOWLEDGE TO

NEW SITUATIONS
- it refers to the act of calling upon your
stare of knowledge. and experience as
sources of data, theories to explain, or
process to solve each new challenge.

14. PRECISION OF LANGUAGE AND

THOUGHT
- a person with this behavior uses
descriptive terms distinguish objects, and
provide criteria for valuable judgements.
 C HA PT E R IX

FU NDAM ENT AL S
O F EM O TI O N
Emotion
A natural instinctive of mind deriving
from one circumstances, mood, or
relationship with others.
It is the affective aspect of
consciousness feeling.
A wave of energy that flows through
our bodies and communicate with us.
Emotion helps us understand,
connect and communicate with
others.
Emotions helps us to connect with
ourseives.

EMOTION COMPONENTS
Subjective Feeling (monitor)
Action Tendency (motivate)
* Appraisal (meaning-making)
Motor Activity (communicate)
Physiological (support)