ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84 Manila: 3 floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto comer N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 MACHINE DESIGN - DAY 2 SHAFTS ‘Shaft - isa rotating member that is used to transmit power MoTOR Machine Shaft ‘Axle -a stationary member carrying rotating wheels, pulleys. Line shaft - transmission shaft driven by prime mover. Machine shaft - shait which is an integral part of the machine. Counter shaft - transmission shaft intermediate between the line shaft and the driven machine. Spindles - are short axles and shat. Transmission shaft -is a shaft used to transmit power between the source and the machinos absorbing the power, and include Countershafts, line shafts, head shafts, and all factory shafting. Main Shaft Counter Shaft Driven Machine 4 FORMULAS: ‘Driven Machine 2 41. Power Formula in SI unit P=2RTN whore: P = power, KW T = torque, KN-m N= speed, rps 25 TN. = where: P= power, Hp T = torque, ft N= speed, rpm 33000 2. Torque, T= XR F where: F = applied force R = radius = 0/2 a 3, Stresses in shaft when subjected to pure torsion (S;) A. Forsolid shat: S, = Te _ 167 v 30° 8. Forhollow shaft; §, = —161Ds_ (D,* -D/*) . For designad shearing stress and compressive stress with given S, and S,, SHEARING: S,=0.18S, 8, = 03S, COMPRESSIVE: S, = 0368, 8, = 08S, Note: Choose whichever is smaller where: outside diameter D, = inside diameter J © = isthe distance of the farthest fber from noutralaxis T d= diameter of shaft polar moment of inertia = torque 4, Torsional deflection (0), rad = Tera where: L = length ofshatt 6 tof J = polar moment ofinertia = 2% (orsoté shat) J = MPs! =D) orhotiow) 32 En = modulus of rigiity in shear = 11.5 x 10° psi for steelFROM MACHINERIES HANDBOOK: 584TL A. For solid shat: orepceeiny DG deg B. Using ALCORCON'S FORMULA for hollow shaft: © 5, Stress in shaft when subjected to Torsion and Bending loads: a. For sold shaft qT Ss om aT? a | Q = 8 = Elam M GT? | = Ul Note: Kn and Kinot known, assume 1.0 where: T= torque M= moment ‘S, = maximum shear stress S.= maximum tensile or compressive stress b. For hollow shaft: Ss Se Mea ota s et [home iso aT | nD! -0/" #(0,°=D#*) 6. Strength of shaft with assumed allowable stresses (PSME Code p. 18) ‘a. For Main Shafts: (S = 4000 psi) p= on 30 b. ForLine Shafts: (S = 6000 psi) p= DN co . For short shafts: (S = 8500 psi) p= an 38 where: P = power, Hp N = speed, rpm D = diameter, inch 7. From Machineries Handbook Formula A. Shaft diameter for 0.08 degrees per foot of length of shatt deflection, For Enalish units: Where: D = diameter, in P =horsepower = speed, rpmFor Sl units: D=226 YF or D=12570 & Where: 0 N iameter, mm peed, ‘pm. ower, watts torque, N-mm B. Shaft deflection of 1 degree for a length of 20 times its diameter. . 10 ¥F or 040 WF eons de diameter, in T= torque, int . Linear doflection of shaftng 2. Shatting subjected to no bending action of pulleys exceptits own weight LL = 8.95 45? ». Shating subjected to bending action of pulleys, ote L=52 Yo? hat diameter, in Where: L= shaft length, ft NOTE: ( solid shaft is replaced by hollow shaft ) 1. Shafts of equal torsional strength 2. Wao ® Wo My ‘where: Ws eight of sold shaft = pED2L) Wi = welaht af hollow shat = oF (0.2 - 02)1] |. KEYS Pulley A key is a machine member employed at the interface of a pair of Shat ‘mating male and female circular cross-sectional members to prevent relative angular motion between these mating members. ‘Types of keys: ‘Square key Flat key Round key Barth key ‘Woodruf ko snoad key ie Saddle key Kennedy key F Foather key 7 4FORMULAS: 1. Power ofkey: P= 2nTNKW 2. Force transmitted, FF = T_T ram Where: d= shaft ameter 3. Compressive Stress (S,) ofkey Se = —Fe we 4. Shearing Stress (S,) ofkey 8 = Fi where: L= length of key idth of key height of key 5, Relation of key and shaft for the same materia 2 L=120 6, Force tangentto pulleyim T= Fir 7. Fi = force tends to remove key from the hub and shat F = force tangent to the key F'= force tangent to pulley rim R = radius of pulley Wl, SPLINE SHAFT [Shear Area @ Shaft Is recommended when the power transmitted is too high that three keys are not enough. 41. Types of Fits Types of | 6 Splines] 4 Splines | 10 Splines Fite Permanent |d=090 [-a=085D | d= 0.970 Fi w=0250 2410 1500 n=0.080 | h=09750 450 Toads d= 0850 | s=0.750 d= 08D when not | w=025D 240 1600 Under loas_| n= 00750 250. ‘070 To side] 4= 0.800 d= 0810, when 28D "560 Under toa | i= 0,100. 0960 Where: d= minor diameter, in or mm 1 = major diameter, in or mm 1 = radius, in or mm = a2 w= width, in or mm, L= length of spline pe2. R= mean radius = £1R 2 Note: IFLis not given use the recommended, L= 1.5.0, from Vallance, Machine Design 3. Calculations for safe dimensions of splines: 3:4 Based on shearing of splines a a Newel 3.2 Based on Compression between splines and hub, Flange t a: aie J te eR, ALNS Ns = numberof splines " Del ‘Ac = compressive area a Te=FRm = (EE) or 3 Shaft Bolt F = compressive force 3.3, Based on Torsion of splined Shat Note: For torque capacity, T for one spline is: zon This recommendation is based by shearing one spline only. z WW. FLANGE COUPLING —_—_ & 4. Coupling - s a mechanical device which is used to connect length of shafts permanently FORMULAS: aa 4. Power transmitted: P= 2 TN KW » 2. Total force transmitted, (F) F ‘Shear Area2. Foca erated ars Bee E where: n= no.of bos D. = bolt ce diameter zit 4, Shearing of bolts(S,) S, = So ze ao D, 5, Compressive stress on bolts and flange (S-) _ = 4 a td 4 i Compressed Aroa whore: t = thickness of lange d = bolt diameter PROBLEMS: SHAFTING 1. Aline shaft isto transmit 200 HP at 900 rpm. Find the diameter ofthe shaft A 2.18in B. 2.28in ©. 3.18in D. 3.28 in 2, A4/4in diameter sold shaft has an allowable stress of 6000 psi and is subjected to pure torsion. If its rotational speed is 1800 rpm, how much horsepower can it transmitted safely? ‘A.0.425 hp B.0.225 hp ©.0.316 hp D.0.525 hp 3, Determine the thickness of hollow shaft having an outside diameter of 100 mm if itis subjected to @ maximum torque of 5,403.58 N-m without exceeding a shearing stress of 60 MPa of a twist of 0.5 degree per meter length of shaft G=83,000 MPa A 15mm B. 86mm. ©. 768mm. D. 68.96 mm 4, An 80 mm solid shaftis to be replaced with a hallow shaft of equal torsional strength. Find percentage of weight saved, ifthe outside of the hallow shaft is 100 mm. ‘A. 56.53% B.67.31% c. 48.49% D.5290% 5. Around steo! shaft to a torque 200 rpm and is subjected to a torque of 226 N-m, the allowable shearing stress 41.4 MPa. Itis also subjected to a bending moment of 339 N-m. The allowable tensile stress is 55 MPa. Find the diameter. A. 37mm B. 41mm ©. 45mm D. St mm KEYS & COUPLING 1. Arectangular key was used in a pulley connected to a line shaft with a power of 10 KW at a speed of 1200 rpm. Ifthe shearing stress of the shaft and key are 30 Nimm? and 240 Nimm, respectively. What is the key length if the width is 10 mm? A 18.7 mm: B. 21.7 mm ©. 258mm D. 30.2. mm 2. Alange bolt coupling consists of eight steel 20 mm diameter steel bolts spaced evenly around a bolt circle 300 ‘mm in diameter. ifthe coupling is subjected to a torque of 15.1 KN-m, determine the maximum shearing stress in the bolts? ‘A. 40450 kPa 8.63320 kPa ©. 40054 KPa D.31298 kPa3. flange coupling having 180 mm bolt circle and 19 mm thick uses 8 bolts, 16 mm diameter to connect two shafts. Its used to transmit 60 kw at 180 rpm. Determine the factor of safety in compression if yield point in compression is 448 MPa, A156 B. 308 ©. 185 D. 254