What should

I do?
Directions: You’re going to
explain your answer, after
you read the situational
question. Please raise your
hand if you want to answer.
 1. You forgot your homework
at your home and it is needed to
pass at your first subject, you
are also afraid to tell it to your
teacher because of thinking that
she/he will be mad at you. What
should you do?
 2. You’ve heard that your
classmates were going to cheat
on examination for tomorrow,
but they threaten you in order
for you to not tell it to your
teacher. What should you do?
Possible Answers:

1. Being afraid is always a valid feelings, but

not telling the truth is not valid. Through this
situation it is good to say it to your teacher in
order for you to know if she/he will give you
time to pass it on the next day or let you go to
home for you to get your homework and pass
it. Telling what happen have a possible good
outcome that will help you to ease your fears
and solve your problem.
Possible Answers:

2. In that situation, I would tell it to my

teacher not just for my teacher to know
but also to teach them a lesson.
Especially, threatening someone who
didn’t do something wrong is not good
and can’t help you grow as a student.
 DETERMINING
TRUTHFULNESS
 Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the
students will be able to:
1. Define what is the
determining truthfulness.
2. Understand the criteria of a
material’s truthfulnes.
3. Know the importance of
determining truthfulness.
Truthfulness — The fact of being
realistic or true to life.
Determining truthfulness presented
in a material viewed plays an
important role in validating
resources.
Through this, students can recognize the
reliability and credibility of a material
viewed, thus, making them think in a more
critical way.
The concept of truthfulness rooted in an
Ancient Greek philosophy's concept of
knowledge which is "justified, true belief.”
This means that something is true
because one believes it to be true based
on certain justifications.
The Cambridge Dictionary defined
truthfulness as the quality of being
honest and not containing or telling
any lies.
 According to Maribao (2018),
a material's truthfulness can be
justified based on the following
criteria:
 1. Correspondence — this criteria
is anchored on the correspondence
theory advocated by Russel and
Moore which states that something
is true if it corresponds to reality.
 2. Coherence- this criteria is based on
the coherence theory of truth which
states that something is true if it coheres
with something that is regarded as truth.
In other term, if something makes sense
when placed in a certain context or
situation, it can be considered as truth.
3. Constructivism- this is anchored
on the constructivist theory of truth
which states that knowledge is
shaped by social forces and is
influenced by culture and history.
 4. Consensus- it is based from the
consensus theory of truth wherein
knowledge is based on arguments,
therefore something is true if almost
everyone agrees that it is true.
 One must consider the mentioned
criteria in determining truthfulness
in a material viewed to know if the
material is reliable and accurate.
Another thing to consider is
recognizing fallacies.
Fallacies are false or mistaken ideas
which can cause misunderstanding
and misleading. To avoid such
mistake, one must learn about how to
distinguish facts from opinions.
 Facts are generally established
truths, easily verified, and do not
easily change from one situation to
another.
Opinions on the other hand, are
personal views or bias of the person
presenting it.
 Activity 1
Directions: Bring out 1
piece of paper and after
reading the story answer
the questions carefully.
The Truthful Woodcutter
 One day a woodcutter's axe
accidentally fell into a river. The poor
woodcutter made a good search in the
water.
But his efforts were in vain. Finally
he burst into tears.
Hearing his sobs, an Angel appeared
before him.
 The Angel dived into the river and
came up carrying a golden axe. The
woodcutter did not accept it. He stated
that his axe was made of iron.
The Angel disappeared and soon
returned with a silver axe. The
woodcutter denied again that it was
his axe.
 The Angel once again plunged into the river.
It soon reappeared carrying the axe of the
woodcutter. The poor man greeted the angel
with words of profuse thanks and great joy.
The Angel was impressed by the man's
honesty.
She presented him with the golden and silver
axes in recognition of his truthful nature.
 1. What do you think is the
moral lesson of the story?
2. If you are the woodcutter
man, are you going to accept the
golden and silver axe even if it is
not yours? Why?
 3. In your own insights, how
important it is to be honest to
yourself and to other people?
4. Honesty is a right thing to do,
but how can we say that being
honest is wrong?
 5. In the story, we’re just focuses
on man being honest but in
another side, the man cuts trees. If
you are the angel, what are you
going to do if you see the man
cutting trees?
 1. As what we always hear, honesty is the
best policy. And if you do something good
to others, good things will comeback to
you also.
2. No, because it’s not mine. I will feel
guilty if I do that, because claiming things
that is not yours is bad.
 3. Being honest to yourself and to the other
people play a big role in your growth, it will
develop good things in you like kindness,
truthfulness, discipline, moral integrity,
sincerity and etc.
4. Being honest also is part of criticizing if it
goes too much, telling every inch of what you
have seen to other people will be bad and can
affect them.
5. If I were the angel, I will ask first
the woodcutter man if where he will
use the woods and gives him a
condition to plant a trees just like
what he cut in the forest.
 Activity 2
Directions: Group yourselves into 5 , after
that collaborate and think 2 examples of
each criteria that I’ve discussed and choose
1 representative to read your answers in
front of the class.
Their answers may
vary but it is related
to the given topic.
 Activity 3: Identification
Directions: Get 1/4 sheet of paper
and answer the questions.
Answer only.
 1. It is based from the consensus
theory of truth wherein knowledge is
based on arguments, therefore
something is true if almost everyone
agrees that it is true.
2. It generally established truths,
easily verified, and do not easily change
from one situation to another.
 3. It is the fact being realistic or true
to life.
4. It is presented in a material viewed
plays an important role in validating
resources.
5. This dictionary defined truthfulness
as the quality of being honest and not
containing or telling any lies.
 6. It refers to a false or mistaken ideas
which can cause misunderstanding and
misleading.
7. It focuses on personal views or bias of
the person presenting it.
8. This is based on the constructivist
theory of truth which states that
knowledge is shaped by social forces and
is influenced by culture and history.
 9. This criteria is based on the
coherence theory of truth which
states that something is true if it
coheres with something that is
regarded as truth.
10. According to him a material's
truthfulness can be justified based on
different kinds of criteria.
Answer Key:
1. Consensus
2. Facts
3. Truthfulness
4. Determining Truthfulness
5. The Cambridge Dictionary
6. Fallacies
7. Opinions
8. Constructivism
9. Coherence
10. Maribao
Thank
You