1.

On May 1883, the captain of the Elizabeth, a German warship, reported seeing clouds of ash above
Krakatau. He estimated them to be more than 9.6 km high.

A large number of gases were released into the atmosphere from the volcano. These volcanic gases
included carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water vapor and hydrogen chloride.

 Complete the table below

Gas Element or Chemical Chemical Toxic or

compound? composition formula nontoxic?

Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen

Hydrogen
chloride

Water vapor
  Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are also emitted when a volcano erupts. They are a
pollutant gases which react with water in the air to form acid rain.

I. Write formation reaction of sulfur dioxide from sulfur (1 point)

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 The most important constituent of volcanic gas is water vapor (forms about 60% of all the
gases). The next most important gas species is carbon dioxide (CO2) which makes up about 25%
of gases. Find mass of carbon dioxide and water vapor in volcanic gases if 30 historically active
volcanoes emit a total of 25.6 million tons of gases per year. (4 point)

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2. Carbon dioxide CO2, makes up about 0.04% of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is produced by animal
respiration and by the combustion of fossil fuels.
Calculate the total mass of CO2 produced by 7.3*108 people in one day, if an average human exhales
around 691 mLs of CO2 in a day.

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3. When gaseous chemicals are transported by road or by rail they are classified as follows:
Flammable non-flammable poisonous
Which gas is flammable?
A. Butane
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Chlorine
D. Helium

4. Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by removing water and other volatile
constituents from animal and plant materials. The fixed carbon content of charcoal ranges from a low
of about 50% to a high of around 95%.

 Write the word equation for the complete combustion of carbon.

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5. A major source of energy is the combustion of fossil fuels.

 Name a solid fossil fuel. _____________________________________________
 Name a gaseous fossil fuel. __________________________________________