Sample 6

INTERNSHIP REPORT
AT
ABUKELEMSIS CONSTRUCTION PLC.
BY
FITSUM GIZAWE: G5CE, SEC –D, RAMIT/682/09
SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTEMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY
[Semester II march 17-july 31: 2020]
Phone no: 0924446712/0941347784 email fitsumgizawe2@gmail.com

INTERNSHIP REPORT 2021GC
Approval Letter
To whom it may concern
This is to certify that student FITSUM GIZAWE student ID RAMIT/682/09

has successfully completed the project work that was assigned to him as a
part of internship program.
I BEREKET AKLILU, on behalf of ABUKELEMSIS CONSTRUCTION

am recommending this work as the fulfillment for the requirement of CEng -
4212 industrial training. I wish him success.
COMPANY SUPERVISOR: BEREKET AKLILU
PHONE NUMBER:
EMAIL ADDRESS:
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMNET
First and foremost, I would like to thank God Almighty for giving me the strength to
complete the internship practice program and in preparing this report with success.
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Arbaminch university institute of

technology industry linkage office and Civil engineering department for their preparation
and facilitation of this internship program with financial.
It’s also my honor and pleasure to thank Mr. Desalegn Kebede the general manager of
Abukelemsis construction P.L.C. for his speedy answer to my request and giving me the
opportunity to work in his company, as well as Mr. Bereket Aklilu project coordinator of
the company he facilitate the way of connection in the site and office, even though he
helped me a lot by continually supervising and evaluating.
I am thankful to and fortunate enough to technical support, encouragement and guidance

from, Mr. Mekonen Assefa (site engineer), Mr. Hzkyas (consultant supervisor), Mr.
yohannes(office engineer) Also I would like to esteem all staffs for their patience and
timely support.
I want to acknowledge a special debt to Mr. Mikias Tilahun (site engineer) for his useful,
detailed, and perceptive comment as well as for subsequently reading, evaluating and
suggesting improvement.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my family since they have contributed to this
report in more ways than can’t be stated. They never fail to stimulate and inspire me.
Their insight and support take me always to the horizon of my objective and push me to
look beyond it.
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report contains five chapters, in which I try to describe the task I completed during
an approximately four month and half internship period at Abukelemsis Construction
Company. The content of each chapter is broadly explained and it’s organized from the
practical basis of the site and office work.
The first chapter is mainly concerned on overview of internship including objective,

scope of work expected and background of the company including its visions, missions,
and values, work flow chart of the company and some of the big projects that have been
accomplished by the company.
The second chapter describes about different types of tasks that I have been accomplished
in the office and on the site with in step by step procedures. It also gives tolerable
descriptions about the material that I have been used for the construction and my
contribution to the hosting company.
The third chapter is mainly concerned on the overall benefit that gained in the internship
practice with relative to the objective of this program, Such as technical and scientific
knowledge, communication skill, improve good work ethics and team sprit work.
The fourth chapter explained the problems encountered during the internship time and
measurement that we have been taken to the challenges.
The final chapter involves general conclusion and I give some recommendation to the
company and to the university in some affairs and working methodology.
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page iv

LIST OF FIGURES PAGE

Figure 1.1 Work Flow of the Company…………………………………………………………………….4
Figure 2.1 Structural drawing……………………………………………………………………………....6
Figure 2.2 Ground floor plans………………………………………………………………………………6
Figure 2.3 Setting out work………………………………………………………………………………..12
Figure 2.4 Mat foundation………………………………………………………………………………...13
Figure 2.5 septic tank construction.…………………………………………………………….................14
Figure 2.6 Backfill of soil………………………………………………………………………................15
Figure 2.7 Compaction of soil……………………………………………………………………………..15
Figure 2.8 Hard core and provision of mesh………………………………………………………………16
Figure 2.9 Stone masonry………………………………………………………………………………….16
Figure 2.10 Retaining wall………………………………………………………………………………...17
Figure 2.11 shear wall construction……………………...………………………………...……...............17
Figure 2.12 Grade beam…………………………………………………………………………………..18
Figure 2.13 Column constructions in site 1………………………………………………………………..19
Figure 2.14 general procedure of top tie beam construction…….………………………………………...22
Figure 2.15 general procedure of slab work………………………………………………………….........23
Figure 2.16 stair constructions…………………………………………………………………………….24
Figure 2.17 lift shear wall work…………………………………………………………………………...25
Figure 2.18 HCB & plastering work………………………………………………………………………27
Figure 2.19 batching box…………………………………………………………………………………..30
Figure 2.20 hand mix……………………………………………………………………………………...30
Figure 2.21 machine mix…………………………………………………………………………………..31
Figure 2.22 Mixing truck and pumper………………………………………………………………..…...31
Figure 2.23 False work…………………………………………………………………………………….32
Figure 4.1 settlement of soil……………………………………………………………………………….39
Figure 4.2 segregation of column………………………………………………………………………….40
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page v

LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Table 1.1 some completed big projects accomplished by the company.………………...4
Table 2.1 takeoff sheet format……………………………………………...……………8
Table 2.2 bar schedule format……………………...……………………………………8
Table 2.3 BOQ sheet format……………………………...……………………………...9
Table 2.4 analysis sheet of direct and indirect cost………………...……………………9
Table 2.5 time vs. strength of cement……………………...…………………………...28
Table 2.6 time vs. strength of concrete in percent………………………..…………….34
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page vi

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
AMIT- Arba Minch Institute Technology
PLC- Private Limited Company
NGOs- non Governmental Organization
2B+G+10 two Basement + Ground + 10 Floor building
B+G+2- Basement + Ground +2 Floor building
BOQ- Bill of Quantity
DC- direct cost
IC- indirect cost
OHC- Over Head Cost
OPC- Ordinary Portland cement
PPC- pozzolana Portland cement
C-5-Concrete Grade for 5Mpa compressive strength
C-25- Concrete Grade for 25Mpa compressive strength
C-30- Concrete Grade for 30Mpa compressive strength
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page vii

Table of Content
Contents Page
Approval letter…….……………………………………………………………………………...II
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………….....III
Executive summery……………………………………………………………………………...IV
List of figures…………………………………………………………………………………….V
List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………….VI
List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………...VII
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………...VIII
CHAPTER ONE…………………………………………………………………………………1
1. Introduction
1.1 General Overview about the Internship……………………………………………...1
1.1.1 Objective…………………………………………………………………….1
1.1.2 Scope of Work expected to Do……………………………………………...1
1.2 Background and Overview of the Company………………………………………...2
1.2.1 Vision of the Company……………………………………………………...2
1.2.2 Mission of the Company…………………………………………………….2
1.2.3 Values……………………………………………………………………….3
1.2.4 Organizational structure…………………………………………………….3
1.2.5 Project description…………………………………………………………..4
CHAPTER TWO………………………………………………………………………………...5
2. Activity, Responsibility and Assignment of Intern

2.1 Office Work………………………………………………………………………….5
2.1.1 Plan Reading………………………………………………………………...5
2.1.2 Takeoff Sheet Preparation…………………………………………………..6
2.1.2.1 method of Measurement and its unit……………………………………7
2.1.3 preparation of Bar schedule…………………………………………………8
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page viii

2.1.4 Bill of Quantity……………………………………………………………...9

2.1.5 Cost Break Down……………………………………………………………9
2.1.6 Payment Certificate………………………………………………………..10
2.2 Site Work…………………………………………………………………………...10
A. Sub Structural Works.
2.2.1 Excavation Work…………………………………………………………..11
2.2.2 Setting out Work…………………………………………………………...11
2.2.3 Mat foundation………………………………………………………….....12
2.2.4 Septic Tank Construction………………………………………………….14
2.2.5 Backfill…………………………………………………………………….15
2.2.6 Compaction of soil………………………………………………………...15
2.2.7 Hard core and Provision of Mesh………………………………………….16
2.2.8 Stone Masonry……………………………………………………………..16
2.2.9 Masonry Retaining Wall…………………………………………………...16
2.2.10 Shear wall………………………………………………………………….17
B. Super Structural Works
2.2.11 Grade Beam………………………………………………………………..17
2.2.12 Column Work……………………………………………………………...19
2.2.13 Beam Work………………………………………………………………...20
2.2.14 Solid slab.………………………………………………………………….22
2.2.15 Stair Case…………………………………………………………………..23
2.2.16 Lift Shear Wall…………………………………………………………….25
2.2.17 HCB wall & Plastering…………………………………………………….26
2.3 Material used for Construction
2.3.1 Concrete Work……………………………………………………………..27
2.3.1.1 Cement………………………………………………………………...27
2.3.1.2 Aggregate……………………………………………………………...29
2.3.1.3 Water…………………………………………………………………..29
2.3.2 Proportioning of Concrete work…………………………………………...29
2.3.2.1 Method of Batching for Proportion…………………………………....28
2.3.2.2 Method of Concrete Mixing and Casting………...…………………....30
2.3.2.3 Vibration of Concrete……..…………………………………………...31
2.3.3 Transportation of concrete...……………………………………………….31
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page ix

2.3.4 False work……….…...…………………………………………………….32

2.3.5 Reinforcement bar ...………………………………………………………32
2.3.6 Formwork (plywood)………………………………………………………33
2.4 Field Test…………………………………………………………………………...33
2.5 My Contribution to the Company………………………………………………….35
CHAPTER THREE……………………………………………………………………………36
3. Overall Benefit of the Internship

3.1 In terms of improving practical skill……………………………………………….36
3.2 In terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge………………………………..……..36
3.3 In terms of improving communication skill……………………………………….37
3.4 In terms of improving team playing skill…………………………………………..37
3.5 In terms of improving work ethics…………………………………………………38
CHAPTER FOUR……………………………………………………………………………...39
4. Challenge faced and measurement taken

4.1 Problems encountered during the internship period………………….…………….39
4.2 Measurement taken to the challenge……………………………………………….40
CHAPTER FIVE………………………..……………………………………………………...41
5. Conclusion and recommendation

5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….41
5.2 Recommendation …………………………………………………………………..42
REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………………………43
APPENDIX ….……………………………………………………………………………….....44
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page x

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 General overview about the internship
The internship program that AMIT prepared for us is a form of experiential learning that
integrates Knowledge and theory learned in the classroom with practical application and
skill development in professional setting. It gave me the opportunity to gain valuable
applied experience and make connection in professional field. I gave all my attention for
every working section to upgrade my practical skill by asking, participating and doing
assignments given by site engineers, office engineer and supervisors. To achieve this I
have to put my greatest effort on the construction industry.
Generally, observing and asking are the two main methods that I used throughout my
internship time. I understand work experience is very important in the construction. It
develops value skill such as communication, team working and problem solving. Being
familiar with the work flow is also a key to understand ones role properly be able to make
competent decision.
1.1.1 Objective
 To apply the knowledge acquired during the university year in work place.
 To develops an overall understanding of the different construction industries
process at both the construction site and the office.
 To understand technical work execution methodology.
 To know the work ethics such as punctuality, dedicated to the protection of public
health, safety and welfare, equity, honesty and impartiality.
 To solve different problem that occurs in the construction work.
 To Improving team working habit.
1.1.2 Scope of work expected
 Structural part of the building.
 To read company profile document.
 To read the detail drawing.
PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page 1

 To know the site material.

 To understand contract document
1.2 Background and overview of the company
Abukelemsis Construction PLC is a dynamic Grade 4 construction company established

by professionals having more than 15 years of experience in the industry which is
engaged in providing the following construction services:-
 Residential Buildings
 Mixed use Buildings
 Apartment Buildings
 Factory Buildings
 Machinery and Equipment Foundations
 Health Facilities
 Bridges ,Culverts and other drainage structures
The company is established in year 2011 EC with the purpose of providing the local,
national and international markets with dependable and quality construction service. It is
well staffed with professionals who work day and night for the growth of the firm as well
as the industry.
1.2.1 Vision of the company

1. To be a leading and dependable construction firm which offers high quality
construction services to the Ethiopian and East African markets.
2. The stated vision is to be realized with due consideration that shareholder value
be optimized and contribution be made to national and global economic
development.
1.2.2 Mission of the company
In order to realize its vision, Abukelemsis Construction Plc. has set the following
missions:
1. Fulfill customer requirements

2. Apply State-of-the-Art construction machineries and technologies

3. Maintain appropriate working facilities, necessary materials and adequate fund

4. Establish, implement and maintain formal Quality Management System according
to international standard
5. Upgrade the firm from grade 4 to 1
6. Increase efficiency at all levels of operation
7. Raise overall company performance
8. Undertake environment friendly construction activities
1.2.3 Values
The 7 values of Abukelemsis Construction Plc. are:
1. Trustworthy Operations: Winning trust of our esteemed customers

2. Customer Satisfaction: Making ‘Customer Satisfaction’ one of our key success
indicators
3. Ethical operations: Maintaining business operations which are in compliance with
the principles of business ethics
4. Employee development: Establishing and maintaining an environment and situation
in which employees can grow in their career and economically.
5. Efficiency: Optimizing our work processes in such a way to reduce unnecessary
wastage of resources and to increase output.
6. Teamwork: Believing and acting on the reality that our firm is a society which
cannot realize its purposes without team cooperation and a unity of purpose.
7. Environment Consciousness: Ensuring that the company’s business processes,
inputs and outputs are environment friendly.
1.2.4 Organizational structure
Currently, Abukelemsis Construction employs 22 permanent workers and operates
construction sites in Addis Ababa and Different Regions of the country. The
organizational structure of the company is shown below:

General
manager
Admin &
Engineering Office
finance
head section head
management
Stock Project Procurement Office

Junior Office Secrtery
Casher Accoun & girl
Acco Engineer coordinator
tant supply head
untant
Workshop Procurement
Quantity Equipment
& officer
surveyor department
maintainance
Figure 1.1: work flow of the company
1.2.5 Project description
Abukelemsis Construction PLC and its Sister Company have achieved success in
accomplishing the construction projects which were to the satisfaction of its customers.
Some of the successful construction achievements are listed below in the table.
Table 1.1: some completed big projects.
S/N Project Employer Project value Present status

in birr
1 Mengsteab industrial & Cement factory 19,765,526.80 Completed
commercial building
2 East Africa Real Estate Plastering and block 7,007,079.63 Completed
Development Plc. works of two B+G+11
3 Construction of personal YYDT personal care 9,595,953.76 Completed
care material factory Plc.
4 Substructure of sheger EARED plc 6,169,580.61 Completed
apartment
building(B+G+11)
5 National cement sc Construction of 2,940,480 Completed
drainage ditch

CHAPTER TWO
Activity, Responsibility and Assignment of intern
During the time I stayed at Abukelemsis Construction Company I was given to perform
both the office and site work.
2.1 Office work
I had dedicatedly worked and understood different office work
From these
 Reading of Architectural and Structural drawing with their detail description and
identify their meaning for each section of the building.
 Prepare takeoff sheet, bar schedule, BOQ, cost break down and payment
certificate.
 Read previous contractual document.
2.1.1 Plan Reading
I. Structural drawing
Structural drawing provides a view of the structural member of the building and how they
will support and transmit its load to the ground.
It includes:
 Beam and column drawing & detail

 Wall section
 Stair detail
 Foundation plans
 Detail of shear wall and other structure will be built.
Generally it provides information like reinforcement detail, dimensions (length, width

and height) of the structural part of the building.

Fig 2.1: structural drawing
II. Architectural drawing
Architectural drawing are used to show architectural aspect of the building such as
- Site plan - Floor plan

- Roof plan - Elevation
- Sectional view - perspective drawing and detail drawing
Fig 2.2: Ground floor plan
2.1.2 Takeoff sheet preparations
One of the basic activities that I had performed in the office is take off sheet preparation
based on the working drawing for sub and super structural element. Its general form of
listing and taking off types, sizes and quantities of material numerically intended in a
bidding process of construction work.

2.1.2.1 Method of measurement and its unit
Item of work measurement unit
1. Bulk excavation, pit excavation, cart away and
Back fill
2. Concrete work
A. Lean
B. Rc concrete
C. Semi basement floor concrete
3. Formwork
4. Hard core
5. Reinforcement bar Kg
Procedures of take-off sheet preparation
 Careful study of the structural drawing.
 Preparation of tabular paper.
 Write the given dimensions their respective position.
 Calculate the area or volume.
The takeoff format looks like:-
PROJECT: PAGE:
BLOCK: TAKEOFF SHEET NO:
LOCATION: LOCATION:

Table 2.1: Takeoff sheet form
Dimension
Timesing L*W*H Squaring Unit Description
2.1.3 Preparation of bar schedule
This sheet is a list of reinforcement bar in tabular form. It describes the quantity of bar
used at sub structure and super structure in meter (m), linear weight (kg/m), and weight
(kg), since we use different bar diameter and length therefore the bar schedule contain
different categories of diameter and it’s constructed able to show structural location of
the bar like top, bottom, stirrup etc.
Detail of bar at each structure were calculated in meter, but payment is done in kilogram.
So we should have to convert meter in to kilogram by using these mathematical formula:-
Where D = diameter of bar

𝐷
0.222 ∗
36
Table 2.2 bar schedule form

2.1.4 Bill of quantity
BOQ is a sheet that provides specific measured quantities of item of work identified by
the drawing with their unit and total price.
Table 2.3: BOQ sheet format
Item no Description Unit Quantity Unit rate Amount
2.1.5 Cost break down
It is a process of cost analysis which can be valuing certain product or service on

monetary expression. The price of product or service is defined as cost +profit, whereas
cost break down furthers in to direct and indirect cost. Typical cost break down format as
shown below
Table 2.4: analysis sheet of direct and indirect cost
Project: Labor hourly output:
Work item: Equipment:
Total quantity of work item: Result:
Direct cost
Material Cost Labor Cost Equipment Cost

TYPES COS INDEXE HOU HOU
OF T LABOU D HOUR TYPES RLY RLY
MATE RA PER R BY HOURL LY OF REN COS
RIAL UNIT QTY TE UNIT TRADE NO UF Y COST COST EQU’T No TAL T
A = material unit cost DC = A+B+C OHC= 15% of -DC

B = manpower unit cost C=equipment unit cost profit = 15% of -DC
2.1.6 Payment Certificate
Is certificate verified by engineer to keep an account of the work completed and is

approved by the contractor.it should be prepared on official format and should be
prepared in sufficient copies as needed. Payment certificate should be signed by the
supervisor, client, contractor and consultant. There is different type of payment certificate
such as Advance certificate, interim certificate, practical completion certificate,
certificate of non-completion and final certificate. I have been learned and practiced in
interim certificate. It’s a part of payment certificate which certificate issued at regular
interval prior to the completion of the work.
2.2 Site Work
A. Sub structural work
During the period when I stayed at Abukelemsis construction PLC, I was assigned to
participate on two projects. The 1st one is Ato Kitaw Zewdu B+G+2 residential building
located at Yeka Sub City and the 2nd project is Ene Ato Tewodros 2B+G+10 mixed use
building. I have been participating on those two different sites with the help of site
engineers, site supervisors and general Forman’s. From the beginning I dedicatedly
observed, understood and participated in both sub and super structural works.
- These are: - - excavation work
- Mat foundation & septic tank - concrete work
- False work and formwork - Masonry and block work
- Fill selected soil and hard core - Grade beam and typical beam
- Column and shear wall - HCB wall and plastering work
- Slab work

2.2.1 Excavation
Excavations are often required for residential or commercial projects to bring the land to
the right level, to remove low bearing capacity soil, to build foundation and structure on
according to the project plans.in Ato Kitaw Zewdu residential building project site the
design is mat foundation and the agreement is signed for bulk excavation.
Bulk excavation
Bulk excavation involves the removal of large amount of soil, rock or other material from
the site, in preparation for a construction project. When bulk earth work are take place,
By making soil test to check the bearing capacity, moisture content and other requirement
of the soil we should also reused the excavated material to prevent both the costly
collection of waste material and delivery of extra earth materials. We have been
excavated 2.7m depth of soil.
Trench excavation
A trench excavation is an excavation in which the length greatly exceeds the depth and
used mainly for the construction of masonry wall, ditch and so on. The choice of
technique and plant for excavating, supporting and backfilling the trench depends on
factor such as:-
 The purpose of the trench.
 The ground conditions.
 The trench location and so on.
2.2.2 Setting out work
Setting Out is usually undertaken once the site has been cleared of any debris or
obstructions. It is usually the responsibility of the contractor to set out the buildings using
the information provided by the structural and architectural drawing.

The first task in setting out the building is to establish a base line to which all the setting
out can be related. The base is very often coincides with the building line which is a line,
whose position on site is given by the local authority in front of which no development is
permitted.
Then outline of the building will be marked by cords fixed to corner posts. In fact, we
should obtain 900 angles in each and every corner of the outline by one of the three
methods (i.e. using squadra, [3, 4, 5] method or theodolite) and also check the diagonals.
But for this and most of other projects we use 3,4,5 method , which is done by measuring
3 meters and 4 meters on the cord from the corner post and then check the distance
between the ends of 3 meters and 4 meters if it is 5 meters (Pythagoras theorem). Finally,
setting out and excavation of the bulks and the trenches continues. Some of the
apparatuses used are plumb bob, water level, pegs, cords, nails, and hammer.
Fig 2.3: setting out work
2.2.3 Mat foundation
A mat foundation is a large continuous rectangular or circular concrete slab that

carries the entire load of the superstructure and spreads it over the whole area
beneath the building. There are some basic requirements to construct the mat
foundation.
These are:
 When the soil has a low bearing capacity

 When an individual or any other foundation area would be covered

approximately more than 50% of the total area of the foundation.
 When the columns and the shear walls are placed so closely, where the
individual footing overlap each other.
Lean concreting Mat reinforcement Concrete casting
Fig 2.4: Mat foundation
General procedures to construct a grade beam
 Place 50mm thick lean concrete on the area of the mat located.
 Erect the side boards at its proper positions.
 Strengthen the side board by a short piece of rod (Kerebat) and with 30cm
spacing.
 Install mat reinforcement and fix bar spacer (kebeleto) and also concrete
spacer of 50mm thick.
 Fill concrete, vibrate properly and cure for 7 days.
The thickness of the mat that we have been constructed is 40cm and we used Ø14 rebar.

2.2.4 Septic Tank construction
A septic tank is an underground box that contains everything that goes down through
drain in the house such as toilet, sink, shower, clothing machines, etc. ends up in the
septic tank.
Now the time concrete septic tank widely used because of
 Inherent water tightness.
 Higher effluent capacity.
 Long life experience.
 Compliance with all building regulation.
The thickness of the septic tank is 20cm and the overall dimension of the tank is
5.1m*1.8m.we have been used C-25 concrete and 300Mpa steel grade based on the
structural drawing. In addition we were used Ø14 for longitudinal bars & Ø10 for
stirrups.
Reinforcement of septic tank Formwork construction
Concrete work for septic tank Top Reinforcement of septic tank
Fig 2.5: septic tank construction

2.2.5 Backfill
Backfilling is the process of replacing the excavated soil after the intended work is
executed. Sometimes when the soil at the construction site is very poor, in this case it’s
dangerous to refill the excavated soil. Therefore borrow filling selected material is
recommended. However the soil that we had excavated is adequate for back filling.
Fig 2.6: backfill of soil

2.2.6 Compaction of soil
During the process of compaction when the stress applied to the soil causes densification
as air is displaced from the process between the soil grains. The backfilled soil must be
compacted to increase their unit weight. This aimed to achieve:-
- Increase strength -Decrease permeability
- Reduce settlement of foundation - increase slope stability
Fig 2.7: compaction of soil

2.2.7 Hard core and provision of Mesh

After compacting the soil layer 30cm thick hard core material is placed on it. The
material used for hard core includes broken block and large granite. It’s important for:-
 Stability of foundation.
 It helps to resist the pressure of dead load and live load on the ground floor and
transferring it to the supporting soil.
 It gives good base for the building and so on.
Provisions of mesh also have necessity after the hard core is placed on the compacted
soil.it prevent large crack at large spacing that caused by shrinkage of concrete due to
friction against the material underneath.
Fig 2.8: hard core & provision of mesh

2.2.8 Stone Masonry
Stone of roughest and different sizes are purposely used in the site to raise semi basement
up to ground floor. The hard core is also retained by mason.
Fig 2.9: stone masonry

2.2.9 Masonry Retaining wall
Gravity wall are constructed by stone masonry to support the back filled soil. This type of
wall is specifically used for wall less than 6m height and there is no any tensile stress in
any portion of the wall.

Fig 2.10: Retaining wall

2.2.10 Shear wall
It is a rigid vertical reinforced concrete structure which is capable of transferring lateral
force from floors to the ground foundation. In our site it’s constructed on the semi
basement area.
At the 1st site we have been constructed shear wall which provides all of the lateral
support for the building. Resist lateral and seismic load, such as earth quake load, uneven
settlement load in addition to support the weight of the structure. We have been used Ø12
bar size for longitudinal bars and Ø10 bar size for stirrups.
Fig 2.11: shear wall

B. Super structural works
2.2.11 Grade Beam
It is a reinforced concrete beam which is constructed over the lean concrete that is laid on
the compacted backfill soil at the earth level. It is a type of beam which supports the
shear wall and connects foundation column each other.

General procedure to construct a Grade Beam

 Place 50mm thick lean concrete on the area of Grade Beam located.
 Erect side board at its proper position.
 Install the beam reinforcement and fix spacer of 50mm thickness.
 Brace the side board with short piece of rod (kerebat) with 30 cm spacing to
support the side board.
 Fill concrete and vibrate properly.
 Remove the formwork within 18 hours.
 Cure for7-14 days constantly.
Supervision on Grade Beam work
 Check the dimension of beam formwork.
 Check the bars are provided within their designed size and number for both
longitudinal bar and stirrup.
 Check properly vibrated during casting.
Formwork
Lean concrete
Grade beam
Grade beam
reinforcement
Fig 2.12: Grade beam construction

Based on the structural drawing we have been constructed a grade beam with the size of
25*45cm at Ato Kitaw residence.

2.2.12 Column work

These are the vertical load bearing member of the structural frame which transmit the
beam load to the foundation. The failure of column is the reason for the collapse for the
entire structure. So we must give great attention at the time of designing and construction.
In my site we use rectangular column which have different dimension according to the
design. The main bar that can be provided for column is a diameter of Ø16 and Ø20, for
stirrup we use Ø8 and Ø10 bars.
General procedure to construct elevation column
 Main bars are tied to the bottom bars of the preceding column with a lap length of
4*Ø.
 Stirrups are tied according to the reinforcement detail and provide spacer.
 Setting up the formwork.
 Checking it’s vertical alignment by plumb bob (tumbi), horizontal alignment by
rope (ligna) and it’s perpendicularity by ( squadra).
 Make it firm using wooden braces is known as Mekesecha.
 Pouring of concrete using bucket and compact the concrete using vibrator to
eliminate the air bubble.
 Removing the formwork after 24 hour.
 Then cure for 7-14 days.
Most of the column thickness is 40*25, 60*50, and 50*40 the bar arrangement for
each dimension is 35*20, 55*45 and 45*35 for all we left 50mm concrete cover.
Fig 2.13: Column construction in site 1

Supervision on column work

When the construction of column I have been participated by supervising the work
before, during and after construction.
 Check main reinforcement, stirrup and spacer from displacement of the fixed
position, level & alignment.
 Check cleanness of starter bar from any cement paste.
 Cleanliness of all reinforcement bars (free from dirt, paint, oil, rust and other
foreign substances.)
 Types, shapes, dimensions, spacing of bar and method of fixing of spacer to
maintain the required concrete cover.
 Alignment of column along an axis.
 Type of material to be used for formwork.
 Method used to treat the formwork for preventing adherence of concrete from oil,
or any other release agent.
 Grout tightness & sufficiency of rigidity to prevent disturbance due to pressure of
concrete, effect of vibrator and other load.
 Check properly vibrated and the mix ratio.
 Check if there is segregation and honey comb and also checking properly curing.
2.2.13 Beam Work

Beams are horizontal structural elements that carry loads perpendicular to their
longitudinal direction.
Beams are used to support horizontal load of a building and transfer the load to the
vertical load bearing element of the structure. The dimensions of the beam at Site 2 are
30*50cm.
There are different types of beam that can be used in our site. These are:-
 Primary beam: is a type beam that runs from column to column. In this case the
load transfer directly to the column.
 Secondary beam: is a type beam that runs from beam to beam. In this case the
load transfer directly to the primary beam.

 Grade beam: is a type of beam which is laid over the ground and support the
shear wall and connects foundation column each other. The grade beam is
constructed over the lean concrete that is laid on the compacted backfill soil.
General Procedure to construct top tie beam

 Erect the probe longitudinally with the distance of 0.6m.
 Oil the formwork in order to prevent adherence of concrete.
 Prepare the horizontal support for the bottom formwork (Soffit).
 Cheek that whether it’s water level or not by string.
 Erect bottom formwork.
 Check the water level by bubble level.
 Erect the side board and braced it in both sides of the beam.
 According to the reinforcement details installs beam reinforcement and fix
spacer.
 The concrete is casted monolithically with the slab.
Supervision on beam work
 Check the floor height between floor slab and the bottom of beam formwork.
 Check the spacing of cristy not greater than 60 cm.
 Check the bottom and side formwork which is constructed with in the required
dimension.
 Check the bars are provided with in their design sizes, no of bar and their spacing
for both longitudinal and stirrup.
 Check properly vibrated during casting.
Buble level

Fig 2.14: general procedure to construct top tie beam
2.2.14 Solid slab

Solid slab are a type of slab which are supported by beam. In our site we use two way
solid slabs. In two way slabs loads will be carried in both the directions. So, the main
reinforcement is provided in both directions.
General procedure to construct solid slab
 Erect vertical support called props with 60 cm and 1.2 m spacing.
 Brace the props horizontally and tied by wire.
 Fix the horizontal support (I-beam) and tie Morale on the I-beam.
 Place the slab formwork on the morale.
 Check the horizontal level of the slab formwork.
 Install the trimmed reinforcement.
 Fix spacer between the slab formwork and bottom reinforcement.
 Locate and fix electrical tubes.
 Fill concrete for slab, beam and stairs monolithically.
 Remove the bottom formwork of slab and beam after 21 days and cure for 7-14
day’s continuously.
Supervision on slab work
 Check the props spacing.
 Check the horizontal level of soffit.
 Cleanliness of all reinforcement bars (free from dirt, paint, oil rust).
 Method used to treat the formwork for preventing adherence of concrete (coating
with oil or any releasing agent).

 Check number and size of reinforcement bar at each section and properly vibrated
Slab formwork
Props I beams
Reinforcement work Electrical installation Concrete fill & vibration
Fig 2.15: general procedure of slab concrete work
2.2.15 Stair case
Stairs are a set of steps leading from one floor to another and are provided in building to
afford a mean of connections between various floors. For buildings which have more than
two floors, to ensure the housing is suitable for all occupants, including people with
Adjustment work
restricted mobility, a vertical lift should be provided.
On my 2nd project site it is a 2B+G+10 mixed use building, therefore to make more
accessible to occupant both staircase and vertical lift were provided. Half turn stair case
were used in our site, it’s provided with the main longitudinal bars extended in to the slab
and transverse reinforcement tied with the main bars.
General procedure to construct stair case
 Erect the vertical support of landing, landing beam and 1st flight.
 Erect the horizontal support for the above structures.

 Check the leveling of the landing and landing beam support by string.
 Construct the soffit for the landing and landing beam.
 Check the leveling of soffits weather its horizontal or not by bubble level.
 Construct the soffit of the 1st flight.
 Construct the side formwork for the landing and first flight.
 Erect the vertical support for 2nd flight.
 Construct the soffit of the 2nd flight and erect the side formwork for second flight.
 Install the main, transverse and beam reinforcement and fix spacer.
 Divide and fix each steps formwork.
 Install each steps reinforcement / Z bar.
 Cast C-25 concrete monolithically with beam and slab.
 Remove the step formwork within 16-18 and remove bottom formwork after 21
days.
Supervision on stair work
 Check the required numbers of steps are provided.
 Check the number and size of installed bars were according to the design.
 Check thickness of landing, dimension of riser and steps in each flight.
Longitudinal bar Z bar & erection of steps Concrete fill
Fig 2.16: stair constructions

2.2.16 Lift Shear wall
Lift shear wall is a structural part of the building that is designed and constructed to
support and resist the vertical and horizontal vibration of the lifting machine. It’s highly
sound absorbance.
Here its construction process requires great accuracy of angular measurement because it’s
usually extends over the full height of the building. Therefore internal dimension and
squadra must be equal to the design requirement.
General procedure to construct lift shear wall
 Check the exactness of previous measurements.

 Divert the Tumbi of completed bottom lift house.
 Erect interior formwork and strengthen internally after checking different
measurements (alignment of shear wall along an axis).
 Arranging the required reinforcements, vertical mesh and stirrups according to the
structural drawing.
 Fix spacer at suitable spacing.
 Install PVC tube of electric circuit system.
 Close the outer formwork.
 Strengthen the formwork.
 Cast from suitable height and vibrate properly.
 Dismantle form work within 16-18 hours.
 Cure for 7-14 days continuously.
Fig 2.17: lift shear wall

Supervision on lift shear wall

 Check the reinforcement is according to the design size and spacing.
 Cleanliness of all reinforcement bars (free from dirt, paint, oil rust).
 Method used to treat the formwork for preventing adherence of concrete (coating
with oil or any releasing agent).
 Check properly vibrated, curing and the mix ratio.
2.2.17 Hallow concrete block and plastering
It is made from conventional cement mixes and varies types of aggregate used for
partition wall construction. The dimension of the HCB wall that we were used in our site
is 40*20*10cm with multiple hollows. These dimensions of HCB wall can be used only
if the wall cannot be used for load bearing purpose and it is most economical. After
casting the HCB wall can’t be used immediately, it should be cured for 3-4 weeks to get
better quality.
Plastering is the process of covering various surface of structure with plastic materials
such as cement mortar, lime mortar or composite mortar. To obtain an even, smooth,
regular clean and durable surface. It further provides a base for other decorative finishes
like painting. The mixture of cement, sand and water with the mix ratio of 1:3 is used for
plastering. The thickness of plastering in our site is 25mm.
Procedures to construct HCB wall and plastering
 Clear the top surface of the slab for the bed that HCB laid.
 Spread mortar at the top and bottom of the concrete block having 2cm thickness
called Fasha.
 Position and align concrete block then joint it.
 Check the leveling by plumbing bub and cutting off excess mortar.
 Cure for 7-14 days.
 After two weeks plaster first coat (Girf).
 Fix string vertically.

 Plaster the second coat with in the string limit which is known as Mullet.
 Apply finishing coat and curing of plaster work.
HCB wall 1st coat (Girf)
2nd coat (Mullet) Finishing work
Fig 2.18: HCB and Plastering work
2.3 Materials used for Construction

2.3.1 Concrete Work
Concrete is a structural material consisting of hard, chemically inert particulate

substance, known as aggregate (usually sand and gravel). That is bounded together by
cement and water. Concrete is made of Cement, Water, Aggregate and Admixtures.
2.3.1.1 Cement: - is a binder substance used for construction that sets, harden and
adheres with other material to bind them together. There are different types of
cement like ordinary Portland cement(OPC), pozulanic Portland
cement(PPC), rapid hardening Portland cement,…etc.

But our site used both OPC and PPC type of cement for different structural
work. Storage of cement needs extra protection unless and other wise can lead
to lose the quality of the cement and financially uneconomical.
Precaution for proper storage of cement
Moisture content at place of storage - moisture content or dampness is the main

hazard for the cement. Therefore the cement should be stored in such a way that it
cannot expose to the atmosphere. So air tight bags are used to pack the cement. If
the moisture content is more than 5% then it’s not useful for the construction.
Duration of the cement storage – time of storage is also a factor that affect the
cement specially its strength. Longer time reduce the strength of the cement.
Table 2.6: reduction of the cement strength among the given period of time
Period of 3 6
storage Fresh stage Months Months 1 year
%
reduction 0% 20% 30% 50%
in strength
Place of cement storage – the bag of cement should not be stored in open place.
Preferably specially designed storage sheds are good for cement storage.
The main purpose of specially designed is to provide waterproof floors, roofs and
wall.
Arrangements of cement – a wooden platform of height 150 to 200mm is
prepared above the floor of storage to avoid direct contact between the floors and
the cement bag the other which forms stack of cement bags.to prevents collapsing
of cement bag, cross arrangement of bags is preferable.
Withdrawal of cement bags – when the time of using arrives, withdrawal of
cement bags from stack happens. The cement bags should be taken out in such a
way that the bag first placed in storage should be withdrawal first.

2.3.1.2 Aggregate - Aggregates are the most important constraint of a concrete

which give body to the concrete and also reduce shrinkage. Aggregate occupy
70-80% of total volume of concrete. It should be store on clear hard surface to
prevent contamination. Based on size Aggregate can be classified in to two
coarse and fine aggregate.
2.3.1.3 Water - water serves for two purposes in concrete making. First of all it
causes hydration of cement and secondly it makes the mixture fluid and
workable. Water helps for workability of the mixture and hardening of
concrete by facilitating chemical reactions. When we concern the quality, ‘’
water safe for drinking is safe for concrete”.
2.3.2 Proportioning of Concrete Mixture
Proportioning of concrete is the process of selecting quantity of cement, sand, coarse

aggregate and water in concrete to obtain the desired strength and quality. In my site we
were used the following mix ratio for the following compressive strength of concrete:
C-5(lean concrete) with mix ratio 1:4:6
C-25(used for slab, beam, septic tank and foundation work,) with mix ratio 1:2:3
C-30(used for column and shear wall) with mix ratio 1:2:3
2.3.2.1 Method of batching for proportion

A. Batching by volume: is the method of measuring different ingredient (i.e.
cement, sand coarse aggregate and water) before mixing it. Measurement boxes of
known volume are used to measure material. In applying this method it is usual to
see people in the construction world use boxes made from wood and steel of
various sizes and volumes:
 40cmx50cmx16cm— with this mix volume concert have compressive
strength of 30MPa.
 40cmx50cmx17cm— with this dimension we get concert having strength
of 25MPa.

 40cmx50cmx18cm— with this mix volume concrete has compressive

strength 5MPa.
Fig 2.19: Batching Box

B. Batching by weight: in this method materials are measured on the basis of
weight. Weight batchers or other type of weighting equipment are used to
measure weight of material.
2.3.2.2 Method of Concrete Mixing and Casting
A. Hand mixing: practical to specific cases where quality control is not much
importance and quantity of concrete required is less.
Fig 2.20: hand mix
B. Machine mixing: obviously it gives better and uniform mixes than hand
mixing. Efficient and quality of concrete depends largely on time of mixing,
speed of mixing drum, timely supply of water, correct setting and cleaning of
machine.

Fig 2.21: machine mix

2.3.2.3 Vibration of Concrete
The main objective of vibration is to compact the concrete and to achieve the maximum
possible density of concrete. Proper positioning of vibrator can reduce segregation and
honey combs.
2.3.3 Transportation of Concrete

The transportation of the concrete for slabs, top tie beams and stairs have been discharged
in to the concrete pump because the truck cannot get close to the site to use either Barella
or Chute. For grade beams, columns, and lift shear wall the concrete have been
discharged by Barella.
Fig 2.22: mixing truck and pumper

2.3.4 False work

False work consists of temporary structures used in construction to support a permanent
structure until its construction is sufficiently advanced to support itself. The following
requirements should apply in false work:
 Suitable footing shall be provided to prevent uneven settlement.

 All materials used for false work shall be periodically inspected to confirm
condition satisfactory for continuous use.
 Various stages of construction should be erected at convenient heights.
 The size of different members should be properly designed for the loads that are
intended to carry.
 Only limited loads should be put on the scaffolding which are not designed to care
huge quantities of building material or machine
False work For slab False work For beam

Fig 2.23: false work
2.3.5 Reinforcement Bar
Reinforcement bars are a rounded and deformed steel bars with different size and
shape. Reinforcement that is deformed type used in reinforced concrete. Steel
reinforcement is generally used in the form of bars or rectangular cross section in
concrete structures to resist tensile forces. The bars should be store in clean and dry area
and also sheltered from rainfall. It should be reasonably free from corrosion, rust and
other impurities. The bar bender prepares by cutting and bending according to the
structural detail with minimum waste and 4*diameter overlap.

Generally reinforcements need for structures were:-
Positive bars:-These kinds of bars were found in beams, slab and stair reinforcements
which mainly used to resist the positive moment. This moment is mostly developed at the
mid span and these bars are provided at the bottom of the structure.
Negative bars:-These are bars used to resist negative moment. Mostly it is found at the
support and provided on 1/3 of span length from the center of column for beam and from
the center of beam for slab.
Stirrups:-They are provided to resist diagonal shear on beam and columns. On our site
Ø8 is used for stirrups product.
2.3.6 Formwork (Plywood)
Formwork is a mould mold including all supporting structures, used to shape and
support the concrete until it attains sufficient strength to carry its own load. It should be
capable of carrying all imposed dead and live load apart from its own weight.
 Formwork material shall be delivered to the site immediately after taking over the
site.
 Plywood for formwork shall be stored under shed.
 Plywood formwork for reuse shall be cleaned and oiled.
2.4 Field test
During the period when I stayed in the site, I was able to perform cubic test.
Cube test: cube test is one important office and field test which enables to know the
compressive strength of concrete after it finishes curing period. It is done by taking
samples by 150mm cube mould. Six samples were taken for one full test.

The general procedure to take and gain results:
1. Polish the mould with released agent

2. Take representing sample from the truck
3. Scoop the sample in to the mould with three equal layers
4. Tamp 35 times per layer from limited height with its own weight
5. Tapping with plastic hammer until no more bubbles
6. Cover with dump cloth and stored in dry room
7. Remove the mould within 24 hours and immerse in clean water
fully
8. Then record the strength at 7, 14 and 28 days by using calibrated
testing machine.
Concrete doesn’t gain its full strength as it is casted rather in each day it will attain the
required strength as shown below in the table.
Table 2.7: time vs. strength of Concrete in percent
Age Strength percent per 100%

1 day 16%
3 day 40%
7 day 65%
14 day 90%
28 day 99%

2.5 My Contribution To the Company
In my four months stay at the construction site I contributed to the company by:
Collecting data of executed work like: bar arrangement and number of bars
provided for different part of structural member.
By measuring overlap length, and also by checking sufficient concrete and bar
spacer (Kebeleto) had provided.
By supervising the mix ratio and properly vibrated of the concrete for different
structural member of the building.
Recalculating the takeoff sheet, bill of quantity, cost break down and payment
certificate for each block of the building this helps for the company to cross check
the previous results.
By reading the reinforcement detail for bar bender. This helps reduce improper
execution of work.

Chapter Three
Overall Benefit of the Internship
3.1 Benefits In terms of improving practical skill
During the period when I was stayed in the internship practice I have gained a lot of
benefits, like it helped me to apply the theoretical knowledge that I had learned in the
class room to the real working environment.
Also practically I become able to know the general procedures followed and necessary
arrangements to construct different part of structural member of the building such as
beam, column, slab, stair, and shear wall.
In addition to this I acquired problem solving ability to solve some problems that may
occur on the site after Graduation.
3.2 Benefits in terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge
I have been learned the theoretical knowledge for three and half years, rather in this
internship program I gained a meaningful engineering experience to complement
academic studies.
Most of the courses that we had learned in the campus are focused on theory, to make it
factual I had to go through physically and correlate the theoretical knowledge with in
practice.
Some of the theoretical knowledge that I upgraded during the internship periods are:
 Learn more about various courses such as RC, foundation engineering, Building
construction, specification and so on.
 Experience the theoretical concepts to the real work.
 Stimulate new interest in RC and foundation courses to reanalysis and designing
different sub and super structures.

3.3 Benefits In terms of improving communication skill
Communication is a way of connection with a person or a group of peoples. In order to

understand clearly both the office and the site work there must be good communication
skills.
I improved my communication skill like by greeting friendly, by having discussion on the

work related issue or other ideas, by asking question and spending time with all the
working sections.
Through interpersonal communication I gain skills of how and when be a given question
should be rise. Before asking question for someone i must know his or her current
condition, personal need and compare his work position with my question.
Throughout the internship period I was stayed with all the working sections, starting from
the security, I was actually having a time with daily labors, carpenters, general Forman,
site engineers, office engineer, and project coordinator. It helps me to know the working
behavior of some of the jobs that I listed above very well and to get familiar with them.
Getting familiar has paramount importance like it helps to develop my confidence, to ask
question and to discuss freely.
3.4 Benefits in terms of improving team playing skill
It is the skill of persons to work together with other person or a group of peoples. The
construction industry involves many participants in different working section in
constructing the work in proper way.
Those people cooperated together to complete a certain works they share different ideas,
experiences and solutions. After Analyzing and evaluating these different ideas more
effective common ideas taken which is used for the completion of the project.
Actually I was the only person on the internship practice in there, but as much as possible
I was participating in every team work.

3.5 Benefits In terms of improving work ethics
Work ethics is the basic principle to be considered at any construction site to gate
valuable product of work. In our internship program we have understood on the work
ethics that all workers should follow. Some of the work ethics that all the employees
should follow are:
Punctuality: described by keeping the company work from the beginning to

ending time to complete the given task on time.
Reliability: described by being truth worthy or doing tasks consistently.
Accountability: described by doing the right and reasonable work, being
responsible for our works and decisions.
Honesty: it the state of being loyal or faithfulness to obligations. Honesty in
the working place describe in many things, like keeping away corruption.
Cooperation: described by working together to achieve the common goal.

Chapter Four
Challenge faced and measurement taken
5.1 Problems encountered during the internship period
As we know that the construction industries play a great role for the development of the
countrie.so each and every section of the work needs a great intention, unless and
otherwise it will cause social and economic crises.
During the internship period I faced different problems at the construction site. Most of
the problems occurred because the daily labors that employed in the site have lack of
experience and theoretical clue. I have summarized the challenges that I had encountered
during the internship period as follows:
 The compacted fill consolidated, so that there was settlement to an acceptable

degree. If the settlement is not kept to a tolerable limit, the desired use of the
structure may become worse and the design life of the structure may be reduced.
In my first site immediate/elastic settlement occurred. Due to low compaction, the

soil cannot attain its strength.
Fig 4.1: settlement of soil
 When we check the dimension of the ground floor at site 1 error occurred. The
cause of this problem occurred because of
 Separated excavation ( leads to unconventional error)
 False squadra
 Border property

 Actual land property is not the same as the given drawing.

 Segregation of column because of loose of vibration
Fig 4.2 Segregation of column
 In the first site the working area is narrow so it wasn’t enough to store
materials there.
4.1.2 Measurement taken to the Challenge
For the problems encountered above has got a solution.
 The settlement occurred by the backfilled soil was not compacted well. As
much as possible we should have to compact the soil in each 20cm fill, but
we didn’t. The solution for this problem is waiting the soil after it finishes
the settlement and filled by concrete.
 The only solution for segregation of column is demolishing it and
reconstructs it. Because if we construct the next work on the segregated
column may cause structural failure because the segregate column has not
attain its sufficient strength due to this buckling may occur.

Chapter Five
Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
The main objective of the industrial training is to provide an opportunity to the student to
identify, observe and practice how engineering is applicable in the real industry. It’s not
only to get experience on technical practice but also to observe management practice and
to interact with on field workers.
The only chance that an undergraduate student has to have to improve their practical
knowledge is this industrial training period. I feel I got the maximum out of that
experience.
I gained enough field experience of the construction work of various structural part of the
building, it also helps me to integrate the class room learning principle with field
experience, and it makes me demonstrative and I improved practical skill, theoretical
knowledge, communication skill, team playing skill and work ethics.
The training program has three destination (in the office and two different sites) was a lot
more useful than staying at once place through the whole four month. In my opinion, I
have gained a lot of knowledge and experience needed to be successful in a great
engineering challenge.

5.2 Recommendation
I would like to recommend this for the company and for our university:
For the company
Even if the company’s work progress is fast but there have been some defects I observed
in my stay. These are:
 There is no first aid service on the site for the injured workers; these will cause
extra suffering for those hurts on the site. I recommend the company should have
to deliver this service for the safety of all its working community.
 The company have the ability to accomplish any project with success, but us
much as possible if there should be some training program for the junior
employees before they are gone to the real working site it is helpful for accurate
and quality work. In addition to this it helps them to develop their ability of risk
taking and proper decision making skills.
 There is not enough lab test material, so it should be taken in to account.
 Improper use of the material observed on the site like use the safety helmets as a
pitcher; the material has not properly stored, that leads the company for extra cost
and reduce the quality of the material.
For our university
Our university AMIT prepares four month intern ship program. But in my view
four month on one category is excess. Rather dividing each two months at the end of
second and fourth year will able us to cover both building and highway project
categories.

REFERENCE
1. ............... (2012) company profile of Abukelemsis construction P.L.C.

2. Mikiyas Abayneh (1990) building construction.
3. Negussie, T. (1995). EBCS-2 Structural use of concrete.
4. Gezahegn Z (2010) Course Lecturer on Building Construction hand out.
5. Silenat Deriba (2011) Course lecturer on reinforced concrete I.
6. Zeleke L (2011) Course Lecturer on Foundation Engineering I.
7. Azmach L (2011) Soil Mechanics I.

APPENDIX
Cristy: - tee-combination of wood that used to support beam

Staffa: - Stirrups
Tumbi: - used to keep verticality
Senkelo: - small bucket.
Kebeleto: - spacer that uses to separate bottom and top reinforcements on the slab
Ferayo: someone who works with reinforcement
Kerebat; - used to fix the formworks together in their position
Berga; - one full 12m reinforcement bar
Fondo:-bottom Formwork of beam.

Sponda: - side formwork of beam.
Modini: profile board
Sebago: - String, used to maintain the alignment.
Bagonne: - large bucket that the tower Crain transports Concrete in it from mixing place
to desired place.
Mesh: - casted reinforcement on the hard core.
Armata: - concrete
Mekesecha: - brace
Bega: - metal tools used to bend bars
Wuha lik: - leveling

Sample 6

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sample 6

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

INTERNSHIP REPORT

ABUKELEMSIS CONSTRUCTION PLC.

FITSUM GIZAWE: G5CE, SEC –D, RAMIT/682/09

DEPARTEMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

[Semester II march 17-july 31: 2020]

Phone no: 0924446712/0941347784 email fitsumgizawe2@gmail.com

This is to certify that student FITSUM GIZAWE student ID RAMIT/682/09

I BEREKET AKLILU, on behalf of ABUKELEMSIS CONSTRUCTION

COMPANY SUPERVISOR: BEREKET AKLILU

PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page ii

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Arbaminch university institute of

I am thankful to and fortunate enough to technical support, encouragement and guidance

PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page iii

The first chapter is mainly concerned on overview of internship including objective,

PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page iv

LIST OF FIGURES PAGE

Figure 2.1 Structural drawing……………………………………………………………………………....6

Figure 2.2 Ground floor plans………………………………………………………………………………6

Figure 2.3 Setting out work………………………………………………………………………………..12

Figure 2.4 Mat foundation………………………………………………………………………………...13

Figure 2.5 septic tank construction.…………………………………………………………….................14

Figure 2.6 Backfill of soil………………………………………………………………………................15

Figure 2.7 Compaction of soil……………………………………………………………………………..15

Figure 2.8 Hard core and provision of mesh………………………………………………………………16

Figure 2.9 Stone masonry………………………………………………………………………………….16

Figure 2.10 Retaining wall………………………………………………………………………………...17

Figure 2.11 shear wall construction……………………...………………………………...……...............17

Figure 2.12 Grade beam…………………………………………………………………………………..18

Figure 2.13 Column constructions in site 1………………………………………………………………..19

Figure 2.14 general procedure of top tie beam construction…….………………………………………...22

Figure 2.15 general procedure of slab work………………………………………………………….........23

Figure 2.16 stair constructions…………………………………………………………………………….24

Figure 2.17 lift shear wall work…………………………………………………………………………...25

Figure 2.18 HCB & plastering work………………………………………………………………………27

Figure 2.19 batching box…………………………………………………………………………………..30

Figure 2.20 hand mix……………………………………………………………………………………...30

Figure 2.21 machine mix…………………………………………………………………………………..31

Figure 2.22 Mixing truck and pumper………………………………………………………………..…...31

Figure 2.23 False work…………………………………………………………………………………….32

Figure 4.1 settlement of soil……………………………………………………………………………….39

Figure 4.2 segregation of column………………………………………………………………………….40

PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page v

Table 2.1 takeoff sheet format……………………………………………...……………8

Table 2.2 bar schedule format……………………...……………………………………8

Table 2.3 BOQ sheet format……………………………...……………………………...9

Table 2.4 analysis sheet of direct and indirect cost………………...……………………9

Table 2.5 time vs. strength of cement……………………...…………………………...28

Table 2.6 time vs. strength of concrete in percent………………………..…………….34

PREPARED BY: FITSUM GIZAWE AMIT Page vi

PLC- Private Limited Company

NGOs- non Governmental Organization

2B+G+10 two Basement + Ground + 10 Floor building

B+G+2- Basement + Ground +2 Floor building

BOQ- Bill of Quantity

DC- direct cost

IC- indirect cost

OHC- Over Head Cost

OPC- Ordinary Portland cement

PPC- pozzolana Portland cement

C-5-Concrete Grade for 5Mpa compressive strength

C-25- Concrete Grade for 25Mpa compressive strength

C-30- Concrete Grade for 30Mpa compressive strength

Timesing LWH Squaring Unit Description