FPG 14 Section C Monitoring of Compressed Air and Gas Systems

GlaxoSmithKline Document Number - Version GQ_FPG00000003972 - 2.
Title: FPG14 General Systems & Process Guide Section C Compressed Air and Gases
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Description: FPG14 General Systems & Process Guide Section C Compressed Air and Gases.
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GlaxoSmithKline Document Number - Version GQ_FPG00000003972 - 2.0
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FACILITY AND PROCESS GUIDE
GQ_FPG00000003972
cti FPG 14
GENERAL SYSTEMS AND PROCESS GUIDE
Section C
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MONITORING OF COMPRESSED AIR AND GAS
SYSTEMS
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October 2006
Technical Management, GQA

GMS Quality, Millside, Ware
Tel: +44 (0) 1920 863625
Page Number 1 of 21
General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)
Facility and Process Guides are a series of technical documents which have been produced by
Technical Management. These are intended to provide detailed advice on facility design, product
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manufacture and validation. They are based on good practice, both in meeting regulatory needs and in
responding to trends within the global pharmaceutical industry. These documents are specific to dose
forms (e.g. Tablets, Topicals, Steriles), facilities (e.g. Laboratories, Warehouses) or utilities (e.g. Gas,
Water). They are an integral part of the package of technical information which in conjunction with
Global Manufacturing Guides provides the advice necessary to support the implementation of the
Global Quality Policies and Guidelines and Corporate Product Standard requirements and thus to
ensure the manufacture of product to GSK standards.
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Page Number 2 of 21
AMENDMENT HISTORY
Version No. Date Amended by Amendment history
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01 Oct 2006 J Rodgers-Jones Initial issue in the GMS eDMS system
This document supersedes all previous issues of this

FPG.
Engineering content, previously sections 5-8 has

been removed from this document and is now
cti published by ETCM.
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Page Number 3 of 21
Table of Contents
AMENDMENT HISTORY .................................................................................................................................................3
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1. SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................................5
2. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................5
3. QUALITY CRITERIA...............................................................................................................................................6
4. QUALITY REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................................................6

4.1 INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................................6
4.2 COMPANY REQUIREMENTS (GQP, GQG, FPG)....................................................................................................7
4.3 POINT-OF-USE FILTERS .........................................................................................................................................7
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
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SYSTEM QUALIFICATION AND VALIDATION................................................................................................8
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES ...................................................................................................................................8
RECOMMENDED TESTS AND LIMITS ......................................................................................................................8
VALIDATION AND OPERATION OF THE SYSTEMS AND REQUIRED EQUIPMENT ..................................................13
5.4 DESIGN REVIEW .................................................................................................................................................14
5.5 INSTALLATION QUALIFICATION ...........................................................................................................................14
5.6 OPERATIONAL QUALIFICATION ...........................................................................................................................15
5.7 PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION..........................................................................................................................15
6. SYSTEM CONTROL AND MONITORING.........................................................................................................15
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6.1 PERFORMANCE REVIEW .....................................................................................................................................16
6.2 PRESSURE AND COMPRESSOR RUN TIME .............................................................................................................16
6.3 PRESSURE DEW POINT ........................................................................................................................................16
6.4 OIL CONTENT .....................................................................................................................................................16
6.5 PARTICULATE AND MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION ...............................................................................................17
7. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................................................17
8. REFERENCES & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................18

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APPENDIX 1 – DEWPOINT CONVERSION CHART .................................................................................................19
APPENDIX 2 – CHART OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY & MOISTURE CONTENT IN AIR.....................................20
APPENDIX 3 – CHART OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN AIR.....................................................................................21
Page Number 4 of 21
1. SUMMARY
The site should define the following parameters for each point of use:
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x Quality
x Pressure
x Volume required
For compressed air systems, non oil-lubricated compressors are the preferred option where the
delivered air may come into contact with the product.
In applications where there are combinations of high pressures, and or ambient temperatures, it
may not be possible to use a non oil–lubricated compressor.
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Where a lubricated unit is used, a planned maintenance and monitoring programme should be
in place to ensure that the air oil content is regularly checked.
The type of plant available locally will also influence plant selection.
High efficiency filters WILL be required, even with non oil-lubricated compressors.
In cases where the delivery air may come into contact with the product, then food grade
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lubricant will be required where compressors are of the oil-lubricated type.
2. INTRODUCTION
The control of the quality of compressed gases for use in pharmaceutical facilities is important,
in order to maintain the quality of drug product received by the patient.
Compressed air and other gases are used in many processes within the API and dosage form
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facilities. These can, if incorrectly handled and controlled, introduce accidental contamination.
Where other tests and limits are stipulated as a requirement in a Material Specification
Compendium, these are to be followed in preference to the following tests and limits.
The document is written primarily for compressed air systems, although the concepts used also
apply to other gases in terms of principles, filtration, distribution and monitoring. Specific
requirements are highlighted within the relevant sections.
Page Number 5 of 21
3. QUALITY CRITERIA
Compressed air discharged from a compressor may contain some or all of the following
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contaminants:
x dirt particles
x water and water vapour
x oil aerosols and oil vapours
x wear particles
x micro-organisms.
The system should be designed to avoid contamination. The system should also control the
above parameters immediately downstream after the generation of the air, for whichever are
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likely contaminants. Regular monitoring should be done prior to the distribution system, in
order to ensure that it is physically and microbially clean.
The control mechanisms used are described in detail later, but in concept are:
x filtration for dirt and wear particles

x separation, followed by drying for water and water vapour
x separation, followed by adsorption filtration for oil aerosols and oil vapours.
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4. QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Industry requirements
Table 1 includes an extract from ISO standard 8573-1:2001, which lists the main contaminants
in compressed air supplies, and identifies quality classes for each parameter.
When specifying air quality, it is now standard practice to list the contaminants in the order
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dirt: water: oil.
It is preferable to select an industry standard specification that will provide the required quality,
suitable for a pharmaceutical application from a specialist supplier. This is usually interpreted
as a quality class of 2.2.2., namely Dirt: Specification as shown in table 1; Moisture: -40qC
Pressure Dew Point (PDP); Oil: 0.1 mg/m3.
Compressors, which have been purchased as ‘oil free’, will have no lubricated parts in contact
with the airflow passage. However, they will use lubricant in the drive section of the
Page Number 6 of 21
equipment. Compressors purchased to deliver ‘oil free’ air will be recognised as having a
maximum oil level of not more than 0.01mg/m3 (quality class 1).
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Table 1: Air contamination classifications according to ISO 8573.1
Solid Particles –
3
Maximum number per m Moisture
Oil
Pressure
(including
Quality class Particle size (Pm) dewpoint qC
vapour)
(ppm v/v) at 3
mg/m
7 barg
0.1 – 0.5 0.5 – 1.0 1.0 – 5.0
1 100 1 0 -70 (0.3) 0.01
3
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100,000
-
1,000
10,000
10
500
-40 (16)
-20 (128)
0.1
1.0
4 - - 1,000 +3 (940) 5
5 - - 20,000 +7 (1240) N/A
6 N/A +10 (1500) N/A

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4.2 Company requirements (GQP, GQG, FPG)
General requirements are listed in GSK Group Quality Policy GQP 4206, with any additional
requirements for specific products covered in the associated Corporate Product Standard
(CPS).
It can be seen from reviewing the data in Table 1, and comparing with those in GQP 4206, that
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the GSK values are different from the standard contaminant levels.
4.3 Point-of-use filters
It is considered good practice to install an end-of-line 0.2Pm particulate membrane filter

immediately upstream from any product contact applications, e.g. coating spray nozzle air
supply to a tablet coater, container cleaning, pressure transfer, or air mills.
Page Number 7 of 21
5. SYSTEM QUALIFICATION AND VALIDATION
5.1 Analytical techniques
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Sufficient test points should be installed, in order to allow sampling of the air supply at several
points along the system, including close to the points of use.
The recommended test equipment for oil content is Dräger tubes, which show a colour change
on exposure to oil. These are sensitive down to 0.1mg/m3, and will indicate the total
concentration of mineral oil aerosols and vapours. A test point should be installed into the
compressed air line at various points to enable a sample of air to be passed through the tubes.
Test points can also be used to measure moisture content. It is best practice for test points to be
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connected to the top of the pipe, in order to prevent condensate or other contaminants from
entering the sample tube. Shaw moisture meters supply a ‘super-dew’ kit for in-line
monitoring. A 6mm (¼”) sample pipe with isolating valve shall allow the air to pass through a
housing with a moisture sensor. A digital readout is obtained at an electronic analyser.
A pressure-regulating valve should be included in the sample line. It needs to be established if

the sensor should be positioned before or after the regulator. If the regulator is installed
downstream from the sensor, the sensor will measure the line pressure dewpoint. If upstream
from the sensor, then the atmospheric moisture level can be determined.
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5.2 Recommended tests and limits
5.2.1 Test limits and sampling details
x typically, compressed gas should comply with the requirements given in Table 2.
x routine monitoring on a six monthly basis is recommended, until sufficient data is
generated to allow a scientifically based written justification to monitor less frequently.
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x it is acceptable to monitor at one sampling point for each gas type in each
manufacturing area.
Page Number 8 of 21
Table 2 - Tests and limits for compressed gases
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Gas Test Limit
Compressed air See GQP 4206 See GQP 4206
Nitrogen See appropriate corporate See appropriate corporate

standard (e.g. MSC 0032) standard (e.g. MSC 0032)
Carbon Dioxide See appropriate corporate See appropriate corporate
standard (e.g. MSC 0138) standard (e.g. MSC 0138)
The two relevant international standards for compressed gas are ANSI/CGA G-7.1 (USA) and
PREN 12021 (Europe). ANSI/CGA G-7.1 states a limit on oil content of <5mg/m3, for grade
5.2.2 Test details

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D compressed air. As stated in Section 2, a tighter limit is applied within GlaxoSmithKline.
The following tests have been proven to be suitable for the purpose intended. Alternative tests
and equipment are acceptable, provided the equivalence of test results, with those from the
original method, has been demonstrated.
5.2.2.1 Water content

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This test measures the water content of dry compressed gases indirectly by measuring the Dew
Point of the sample. The recommended instruments are the Shaw Automated Dew Point Meter
(SADP) and the Michell Instruments CERMAX Dew Point Meters; other validated test
methods are also acceptable, e.g. using Michell Instruments on line hygrometers.
x Transmet.
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x Easidew.
x Cermet II
x Dewmet – cooled mirror hygrometer.
x Optidew – a cooled mirror hygrometer – supplied in the remote variant.
Page Number 9 of 21
Connect a length of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing from the sampling point to

the inlet port of the instrument (see Figures 1 and 2). Allow the gas to purge the meter
at a low rate. Record the water content, as displayed by the instrument.
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The SADP is available at a cost of approximately £2,000 (correct in 2006) from:
Shaw Moisturemeters Tel: +44 (0) 1274 733582

Rawson Road Fax: +44 (0) 1274 370151
Bradford Email: mail@shawmeters.com
BD1 3SQ Internet: www.shawmeters.com
United Kingdom
Fig. 1 - Diagram of Shaw Automated Dew Point Meter

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The Michell hygrometers are available at costs of (correct in 2006).
Cermax £3,000
Transmet £1,500
Easidew £900
Cermet II £1,350
Optidew £2,500
Page Number 10 of 21
Michell Instruments ltd. Tel: +44 (0) 1223 434800

Nuffield Close Fax: +44 (0) 1223 434895
Cambridge Email: info@michell.co.uk
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CB4 1SS Internet: www.michell-instruments.com
United Kingdom
Fig. 2 - Diagram of CERMAX Dew Point Meter

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5.2.2.2 Oil content
This test employs the use of Dräger tubes, which are examined for the amount of
discoloration (indicating the amount of oil present). The recommended tube is Dräger
tube Oil 10/a-P, which has a standard measuring range of 0.1-10mg/m3.
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This is available from:
Drägerwerk AG Tel: (0049) 451 8820

Moislinger Allee 53-55 Fax: (0049) 451 882 2080
D-23542 Lübeck Internet: www.draeger.com
Germany
Using the recommended flow-rate of 2 L/minute; pass approximately 1m3 of the gas
through the tube for 8 hours 20 minutes, using a stopwatch to measure the time (this is
equivalent to approximately 1m3 of gas).
After passing the required volume of sample through the tube, break the reagent
ampoule and draw the liquid onto the indication layer using the pump. The
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discoloration is compared to the colour standard.
The tubes can be used in conjunction with the Dräger Aerotest equipment.
5.2.3 Particulate Analysis and microbial contamination
This test measures the density of particles in compressed air: the same test equipment can be
used to monitor microbial contamination. The recommended instrument for this analysis is the
Hiac Royco High Pressure Diffuser and Particle Counter.
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These are available at an approximate combined cost of £10,000 (correct in 2003) from:
Hach Ultra Analytics Tel: + 44 (0) 1246 599760

Unit 4 Fax: + 44 (0)1246 599778
Holmewood Business Park Internet: www.particle.com
Chesterfield Road
Chesterfield
Derbyshire
S42 5US
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England.
For non-viable particles assemble the sampling equipment and connect it to the sampling point
as shown below:
Gas line
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Sample point Tygon/Bevalin

outlet (Swage e tubing
Lock or ‘push Blue 8mm high-pressure
connector’) hose
To
particle
Pressure diffuser
Jubilee clip
Allow the pump to run for 30 minutes then start the run. Record the results as displayed by the
instrument.
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For viable particles, attach a pressure regulator and flow meter to the air line sample point and
adjust the flow to 20 psi. Allow air to flow through for 5 minutes prior.
Attach a 0.45 Pm clinical field monitor to the sample point and allow compressed air to flow
through the monitor for a minimum of 100 minutes at a flow rate of 10 L/minute (i.e. a sample
volume of 1m3).
Remove the monitor aseptically and label appropriately.

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Working in a laminar flow cabinet, aseptically transfer the membrane to the surface of a
Tryptone Soya Agar.
Incubate plate at 30-35°C for a minimum of 4 days.
Count and record the number of colony forming units per membrane (per m3).
Further identification is performed as required.

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5.3 Validation And Operation Of The Systems And Required Equipment
Validation will be conducted according to GQP1204.
If the compressed air or gas is a product contact material, or is used to dry production
equipment after washing, then the system will be direct impact.
If not, it is probably an indirect impact system, since it usually provides the motive power for
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production and packaging machinery, and valves on the BMS, and quality water systems.
In either case, it needs to be reliable.
Critical devices
Where it is considered that the pressure is critical for plant operation the critical device should
not be a part of the compressed air system, but a part of the machine. The reason for this is the
sensor on the machine will see exactly what the machine sees, and will be more accurate. If the
sensor used is mounted at the compressor, or on the branch line feeding the machine the effect
of any other users on the system will not be “seen” by the sensor, hence it will not be as
accurate.
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The work which should be undertaken at each stage of qualification is required to be in line
with the GSK Guide to Commissioning and Qualifying Pharmaceutical Facilities, and should
incorporate the following:
5.4 Design review
The aspects to consider would include:
5.4.1 Rationale for the selection of the system proposed

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x compliance with defined performance criteria
x type of plant
x capacity of each plant item
x operating cost, efficiency of the plant
x provision for performance monitoring
5.4.2 System reliability
x how would the system operate in the event of failure of one major component? For
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lubricated compressors in direct impact installations, it may be worth conducting a
failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of the compressor to determine if there are
any particular aspects of the design, which would deserve special attention or
monitoring.
x how is removal of condensate covered?
x how are maintenance aspects covered?
x have environmental aspects been covered? For example, can the low-grade heat be re-
utilised on the site? Is there likely to be oil in the condensate? If so, how is it
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prevented from contaminating the drains?
5.5 Installation qualification
x record the equipment details and confirm that they are as specified.
x confirm that the installation meets specification.
x materials as specified, internally clean, (white cloth test as ASTM A380), with
certification
x fabrication records
x weld logs, weld procedures, non-destructive testing (NDT) records
x labelling complete, equipment tagged

x pressure test complete.
x all valves and filters accessible
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x sensors calibrated
5.6 Operational qualification
This would cover controls, and review the commissioning reports from the specialist
equipment suppliers. Typically this would cover the following tests
x water content
x particle count
x oil content
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These tests are usually taken at the point of generation, i.e. downstream from the last active
filter, but before any policing filter; then at the index, or at the outlet with the longest run of
pipework, located in each production area. With the equipment on site it is not usual to check
the capacity of the compressor. This should be covered in the specification and confirmed at
the manufacturers, where there is accurate measuring equipment.
5.7 Performance qualification

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Once the results obtained are established as being within specification and repeatable, then the
test for viable micro-organisms may be carried out, at the same locations.
A test to establish that the distribution system is adequately sized to meet the demand should
also be carried out. If there are no suitable flow meters available this can be done using the
time taken for the receiver pressure to drop a predefined pressure, with the index outlets open
to simulate the design demand flow-rate. Performance qualification will also typically cover
routine monitoring at the points of use. For example, this can be done by allowing gas flow
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though the points of use, to confirm that there are no local problems. Any critical points of use
will be regularly monitored, e.g. spray drier nozzle air supplies to tablet coaters.
6. SYSTEM CONTROL AND MONITORING
It is possible to monitor some parameters online. Monitoring for pressure and PDP is simple.
Monitoring for oil content is more expensive, but may be appropriate for oil-lubricated
systems. A risk-benefit analysis is recommended.
The PDP is a fundamental item to monitor, particularly if the pipework installation does not
have a gradient. If the dryer fails and this is not detected, the distribution system would fill
with wet air. This will be difficult and tedious to dry it out; there is also a risk of corrosion,
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with consequent particulate generation, if it is a carbon steel installation.
An on-line PDP sensor, wired to give an alarm, and either auto-change the dryers or shut down
the system, would be a basic requirement.
It is very costly to generate compressed air, and careful consideration should be given to the
control for the compressors, to optimise their operation, using variable speed, or cascade
pressure control for multi compressor installations.
6.1 Performance review

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The system performance should be monitored and be subject to an annual review in terms of
the critical performance criteria, to allow trends to be detected early and ensure that the plant is
operating efficiently and within its specification.
6.2 Pressure and compressor run time
This can be monitored by the BMS and any long term trends noted, for example a general
lowering in system pressure, or increase in run time could indicate increased demand due to
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new plant, or system leakage.
6.3 Pressure dew point
Changes in this will depend on the type of dryer. For example, a basic desiccant dryer with a
timed changeover will show degradation/loss of desiccant at a lower PDP, whereas a unit that
is controlled by PDP will changeover more frequently. Either case represents a higher
consumption of energy, and is indicative of the need for maintenance.
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Regular calibration of the instrumentation is essential. It should be noted that some equipment
(for example, the Shaw sensor) if damaged to the extent that there is an electrical short-circuit,
would fail to give a high PDP reading.
6.4 Oil content
This reading should not change, unless there is a system failure. The load onto the system can
be monitored by checking the level of in-feed contamination for a non oil-lubricated
compressor, or the oil consumption of an oil lubricated unit. It is possible to buy on line
monitoring equipment, but it is expensive to purchase and operate. It costs approx. £8,500
(correct in 2003), from Domnick Hunter.
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6.5 Particulate and microbial contamination
There should be no underlying trend in these levels. The low PDP will destroy most micro-
organisms, and the filters will control particulate levels.
7. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
The design of the plant and its ongoing performance monitoring are considered during the
design review. As well as routine maintenance, the factors that should be considered, and
procedures put in place for, include:
x
x
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Oil consumption checks for lubricated compressors
to ensure that a worn unit does not place an unusually high load on the filters.
Change frequencies for filters
to allow for the fact that the life of a coalescing filter is not indicated by pressure drop
alone, but by the volume of contaminant it has adsorbed. This will be greatly affected
by the temperature. See Fig.3, overleaf.
x Leak testing of the distribution system
compressed air is very expensive, compressed gases can be potentially dangerous, e.g.
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helium. There should be a system in place for regular leakage testing. This may be as
simple as stopping the compressor, or isolating a pipe section for a time when the plant
is not in use and monitoring the time for the pressure to decay.
x where there are separators or taps to remove oil from the condensate they should be
regularly checked.
x Oil content monitoring
this is critical in terms of potential product contamination, but also contamination of the
desiccant in the dryer; hence the oil level should be regularly monitored on the dryer
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inlet, as well as the supply to the distribution system.

x Calibration
regular calibration of the sensors is critical.
Fig.3 – Typical polishing filter life (for rated flow)
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1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
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0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Adsorption Temperature (Deg.C)

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8. REFERENCES & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1. Group Quality Policy 4206

2. Compressed Air - Practical Study Guide PS 12 Spirax Sarco
All figures included in the report are reproduced by permission of the Department of
Environment, Transport and the Regions.
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We also acknowledge the following companies for their help in preparing this guide:
Domnick Hunter Tel: 01914 029000

Shaw Moisture Meters Tel: 01274 733582
APPENDIX 1 – DEWPOINT CONVERSION CHART
150
10 BA R
7 BAR
14 B A R
4 BAR
2 BAR
100
50
A T M O S P H E R IC
0
-8 0 -6 0 -4 0 -2 0 0 20
ve40 60 80 100
-5 0
c it
-1 0 0
e A tm o s p h e r ic D e w p o in t (D e g .C )
f f
E
APPENDIX 2 – CHART OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY & MOISTURE CONTENT IN AIR

@ 1 Barg Absolute, -60<°C<+18
100
90
80
70
60
ve
50
40
R e la tiv e H u m id ity @ 2 0
30
it
d e g .C ; %
20
10
0
e c M o is tu r e C o n te n t,
g /m 3
-6 0 -5 4 -4 8 -4 2 -3 6 -3 0 -2 4 -1 8 -1 2 -6 0 6 12 18
D e w p o in t (D e g .C )
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E This CONTROLLED COPY is distributed and managed in accordance with local procedure.
APPENDIX 3 – CHART OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN AIR

@ 1 Barg Absolute, -50<°C<-20
1 .0
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
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0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
it
0 .3
0 .2
c
0 .1
0 .0
-5 0 -4 8 -4 6 -4 4 -4 2
fe
-4 0 -3 8 -3 6 -3 4 -3 2 -3 0 -2 8 -2 6 -2 4 -2 2 -2 0
D e w p o in t (D e g .C )
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FPG 14 Section C Monitoring of Compressed Air and Gas Systems

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GlaxoSmithKline Document Number - Version GQ_FPG00000003972 - 2.

Approval and Authorisation

Decision Date : 06 Dec 2006 09:49:07 GMT +00:00

Signed By : Grange, Martin (mg36607)

Signed By : Rodgers-Jones, Julia (jr45305)

Purpose : Technical Revision

End of Cover Page

Cover Page Number: 1 of 1

GENERAL SYSTEMS AND PROCESS GUIDE

Technical Management, GQA

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

Version No. Date Amended by Amendment history

This document supersedes all previous issues of this

Engineering content, previously sections 5-8 has

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

AMENDMENT HISTORY .................................................................................................................................................3

4. QUALITY REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................................................6

8. REFERENCES & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................18

APPENDIX 1 – DEWPOINT CONVERSION CHART .................................................................................................19

APPENDIX 2 – CHART OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY & MOISTURE CONTENT IN AIR.....................................20

APPENDIX 3 – CHART OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN AIR.....................................................................................21

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

x filtration for dirt and wear particles

4.1 Industry requirements

dirt: water: oil.

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

1 100 1 0  -70 (0.3)  0.01

5 - - 20,000  +7 (1240) N/A

6 N/A  +10 (1500) N/A

4.3 Point-of-use filters

It is considered good practice to install an end-of-line 0.2Pm particulate membrane filter

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

5. SYSTEM QUALIFICATION AND VALIDATION

5.1 Analytical techniques

A pressure-regulating valve should be included in the sample line. It needs to be established if

5.2.1 Test limits and sampling details

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

Table 2 - Tests and limits for compressed gases

Nitrogen See appropriate corporate See appropriate corporate

5.2.2 Test details

5.2.2.1 Water content

x Dewmet – cooled mirror hygrometer.

x Optidew – a cooled mirror hygrometer – supplied in the remote variant.

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

Connect a length of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing from the sampling point to

Shaw Moisturemeters Tel: +44 (0) 1274 733582

Fig. 1 - Diagram of Shaw Automated Dew Point Meter

The Michell hygrometers are available at costs of (correct in 2006).

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

Michell Instruments ltd. Tel: +44 (0) 1223 434800

Fig. 2 - Diagram of CERMAX Dew Point Meter

This is available from:

Drägerwerk AG Tel: (0049) 451 8820

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

5.2.3 Particulate Analysis and microbial contamination

Hach Ultra Analytics Tel: + 44 (0) 1246 599760

Sample point Tygon/Bevalin

General Systems and Process Guide (FPG14C)

Remove the monitor aseptically and label appropriately.

Incubate plate at 30-35°C for a minimum of 4 days.

Further identification is performed as required.

1 100 1 0 -70 (0.3) 0.01

5 - - 20,000 +7 (1240) N/A

6 N/A +10 (1500) N/A