Name:_______________________ Date:______________

Understanding Subatomic Particles

Atoms, the building blocks of matter, consist of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and
electrons. Each of these particles possesses unique properties that contribute to the overall structure
and behavior of an atom.

Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a relative mass of
1 and a charge of +1. The number of protons determines the element's identity, as elements are
defined by their atomic number.

Neutrons, like protons, are also found in the nucleus. However, they have no charge, making them
electrically neutral. Neutrons have a relative mass of 1, similar to protons. The number of neutrons
can vary within the same element, creating different isotopes.

Electrons are negatively charged particles that revolve around the nucleus in energy levels or shells.
They have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons. Electrons are responsible for the
chemical behavior of an atom, as they participate in bonding and determine an element's reactivity.

Now that we have explored the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons, let's test your
understanding with the following questions:

Questions:

1. Where are protons located within an atom?

2. What is the charge of neutrons?

3. What is the relative mass of electrons compared to protons and neutrons?

4. Which subatomic particle determines the element's identity?

5. What is the role of electrons in chemical behavior?

Create a diagram in the space below or on the backside of this paper to compare the properties of
the three subatomic particles of an atom
Name:_______________________ Date:______________

Answer Key:

1. Protons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

2. Neutrons have no charge, making them electrically neutral.

3. Electrons have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons.

4. The number of protons determines the element's identity.

5. Electrons participate in bonding and determine an element's reactivity.