ELECTRONIC

INSTRUMENTATION
(WLE-304)
UNIT 1
DISPLAY DEVICES
Prepared by:
Atifa Aqueel
Guest Teacher
Electronics Engg. Section
University Women’s Polytechnic, AMU

1
 Unit-1
DISPLAY DEVICES

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 Syllabus
I DISPLAY DEVICES
Introduction, Classification of display Devices (7 segmental displays, 14 segmental
displays, 3x5 dot matrix), projection display, Nixie Tube, Light Emitting Diode, Light
Crystal Display, gas discharge displays.
II ANALOG & DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS
Merits of electronic voltmeter, DC voltmeter with direct coupled amplifier, AC voltmeter
using rectifiers, Range for voltage measurement, specifications of an electronic voltmeter.
Schematic diagram and working principle of digital voltmeter (successive approximation
type), Constructional features and working principle of digital multimeter, Principle of
measurement and schematic diagram for time, frequency and period measurement.
III TRANSDUCERS
• Basic principles of transducer, primary and secondary transducers, operation &
working of different type of transducers for measurement of force, strain, pressure,
temperature, liquid & gas flow, pH value, Instrumentation Amplifier.
 Syllabus
IV MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS
Principle of measurement of distortion, harmonic analyzer, Block diagram and
description of spectrum analyzer and Q-meter (Direct Method), Elements of
instrumentation system of recording by electrical signals: EEG, ECG, Ultrasound graph.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. A course in Electrical & Electronics Measurements & Instrumentation, by A.K.
Sawhney, Dhanpat Rai & Co. (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 11th Edition 1998
2. Instrumentation Devices & Systems, by C.S. Rangan, G.R. Sharma, V.S.V. Mani, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2nd Edition 1997
3. Electronic Instrumentation by H.S. Kalsi, Tata McGraw Hill, N. Delhi, 1999 (Eight
Reprint)
 Display Devices
• Display devices are the output devices used for presentation of information in
the form of text or images.
• Display devices provide a visual display of numbers, letters, & symbols in
response to electrical input, and serve as constituents of an electronic display
system
• The basic element in a digital display device is the display for a single character
because a multiple character display is nothing but a group of single character
displays.
• One of the earliest electronic displays is CRTs (Cathode Ray Cathode), which
was made commercial in 1922.
• Since then electronic displays based on various principles are developed.
 CLASSIFICATION OF DISPLAYS
• In general, the displays are classified in a number of ways:
1. According to methods conversion of electrical data into visible light:
(i) Active displays(Light Emitters)– CRTs, LEDs, Gas Discharge
Plasma, etc.
(ii) Passive Displays (Light Controllers) – LCDs

2. According to the Applications:

(i) Analog Displays – Bar-graphic displays (CRT)
(ii) Digital Displays – Nixies tubes, Alphanumeric, LEDs

3. According to display size & physical dimensions:

(i) Symbolic Displays – Alphanumeric, Nixie tubes, etc.
(ii) Console Displays – CRTs, LEDs, etc.
(ii) Large Screen Display – Enlarged Projection Systems
 CLASSIFICATION OF DISPLAYS
4. According to the display format:
(i) Direct View Type (Flat Panel Planar) – Segmental, Dotmatrix, CRTs
(ii) Stacked Electrode (Non-planar Type) – Nixie Tubes
5. In Terms of Resolution & Legibility of Characters
(i) Simple Single Indicator
(ii) Multi-element Displays
 Segmental Displays
• The segmental displays may be either 7 or 14 segmental ones depending upon
whether numeric or alphanumeric displays are required

I. Seven Segmental Display:

• This is used for numeric display, and consists of 7-segments a, b, c, d, e, f, & g.
• A 7-segment display consists of 7-LEDs arranged in the form of square and a
single LED as dot character.
• It displays the digits (0 to 9) by illuminating proper segments from the group.
• They are available in common cathode mode and common anode mode.
• There are state lines in LED, anode is given to positive terminal and cathode is
given to negative terminal then LED will glow.
• The display is incandescent & operates on low voltages ( 5 – 12 V) and
requires about 5 – 50 mA current when using LEDs
• LCDs are also used for segmental displays
CONTD…
CONTD…
 Segmental Displays

II. Fourteen Segmental Display:

• For display of alphanumeric characters (both numerals as well as
alphabets) a 14-segmental display unit is used by illuminating the proper
combination of segments
• A 14-segment displays sometimes referred to as star bust display is a type
of display based on fourteen segments that can be turned on and off to
produce letters and numerals
• This display may use LEDs and LCDs
 III: Sixteen Segmental Display
• A sixteen-segment display (SISD) is a type of display based on 16
segments that can be turned on or off to produce a graphic pattern.
• It is an extension of the more common seven-segment display, adding four
diagonal and two vertical segments and splitting the three horizontal
segments in half.
• Sixteen-segment displays were originally designed to
display alphanumeric characters. It is also used to represent numerals.
III: Sixteen Segmental Display
 DOT MATRIX DISPLAYS
• Dot matrix LED display contains the group of LEDs as a two dimensional array.
• Dot matrices may be used for display of numeric & alpha-numeric characters
• Dot matrix display is manufactured in various dimensions.
• Arrangement of LEDs in the matrix pattern is made in either of the two ways: Row anode-
column cathode or Row cathode-column anode.
• By using this dot matrix display we can reduce the number of pins required for controlling
all the LEDs.
• An LED dot matrix consists of an array of LED’s which are connected such that the anode of
each LED are connected together in the same column and the cathode of each LED are
connected together in the same row or vice versa.
• An LED dot matrix display can also come with multiple LEDs of varying colors behind each
dot in the matrix like red, green, blue etc.
 DOT MATRIX DISPLAYS
• Dot matrix is used in displays.
• It is a display device used to display information on many devices like
machines, clocks, railway departure indicators etc.
 DOT MATRIX DISPLAYS
(i) A 3x5 Dot Matrix:
• A 3x5 dot matrix may be used for display of numeric characters
(ii) Dot Matrix Utilizing 27 dots:
• Another system using 27 dots displays the numeric characters
• The dots may be square or round with 0.4 mm side or diameter
• LEDs or LCDs are used for display of dots
(iii) 5x7 Dot Matrix:
• For display of alphanumeric characters a 5x7 matrix is used
DOT MATRIX DISPLAYS
DOT MATRIX DISPLAYS