LED BASED MOVING

MESSAGES DISPLAY

A.YASHWANTH
20261A0405
4ECE-1
CONTENTS:
• Introduction
• Basic components
• What is LED?
• What determines the color of an LED?
• Types of LED based moving messages displays
1.Dot –matrix
2.Segmental
• Block diagram of LED using microcontroller
• Block diagram and pin description of AT89S52
• Circuit diagram
• Features
• Applications
• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION:
LED based moving-message displays are becoming popular for
transmitting information to large groups of people quickly. These can
be used indoors or outdoors. We can find such displays in areas like
railway platforms, banks, public offices, hotels, training institutes,
nightclubs and shops. Compared to LEDs, liquid-crystal displays (LCDs)
are easy to interface with a microcontroller for displaying information
as these have many built-in functions. But these can't be observed
from a distance and large size LCDs are very because of this reason we
use LEDs.
 Basic components of LED:-
SEMICONDUCTORS:
• IC1AT89S52microcontroller
• IC2, IC3 - 74HC138 3-to-8 decoder
• IC4 - 7805 5V regulator
• T1-T16 - BC558 transistor pnp
• D1-D4 - 1N4007 rectifier diode
• DIS1-DIS16KLA51common-anode
Alphanumeric display:
• LED1 -5mm LED RESISTORS
• R1-R16 - 2.2-kilo-ohm
• R17-R32 - 120-ohm
• R33-R37 - 10-kilo-ohm
• R38 - 220-ohm
CAPACITORS:
• C1, C2 - 33pF ceramic disk
• C3 - 2200uF, 25V electrolytic
• C4 - 1uF, 16V electrolytic
• CS - 10uF, 16V electrolytic
• C6 - 0.1uF ceramic disk
MISCELLANEOUS:
• X1 - 220V AC primary to 9V,500mA secondary
transformer
• XTAL - 11.0592MHz crystal
• SO-S3 - 4-pin DIP switch
• S4- Push-to-'on' switch
what is LED ?
Light emitting Diode(LEDs) are the most widely used semiconductor diodes.
LEDs emits either visible light or invisible light in forward bias condition.
what determines the colour of and LED?
The material used for constructing the LED determines the color. In other words,
wavelength or the color of the emitted light depends on the forbidden gap or
energy gap of the material . Different materials emits different colors of light.
• Gallium arsenide LED’s emit red and infrared light.
• Gallium nitride LED’s emit bright blue light.
• Yttrium aluminium garnet LED’s emit white light.
• Gallium Phosphide LED’s emit red, Blue and Green light.
• Aluminium Gallium nitride LED’s emit ultraviolet light.
• Aluminum Gallium phosphide LED’s emit green light.
 LED based displays can be of two types:
DOT matrix:
The below diagram represents the dot-matrix
LED based moving message displays
• By using a array of LED scrolling display board we can
generate different types of information. If we arrange
the array of LEDs with multiplexing techniques, it will
generate the information like time, pattern, numbers,
images, symbols,...etc.
• The dot-matrix LED is constructed by connecting all
the anode terminals of LED's joined together in each
row, and all the cathode terminals joined together in
each column.
• If we want to activate any LED, the corresponding row
and column meting point is in active state. To
construct an LED array, entire cathodes are connected
together and grounded.
• Each anode driven by microcontroller. The
microcontroller is programmed to generate different
patterns on the LEDs.
 Segmental LED Display: A message appears on the panel from the
right side, stays for a few seconds when the
However, if you use alphanumeric(16-segment LED) first character reaches the left most place
displays for the above purpose, programming burden is
reduced and also it becomes highly cost-effective. You and then goes out from the left side. It
can make your own display panel consisting of 16 displays 16 different messages to depict
alphanumeric characters at a much lower cost . The different occasions, which can be selected
circuit presented here uses 16 common-anode, single- by the user through a DIP switch.
digit , alphanumeric displays to show 16 characters at a Compared to 7-segment and 14-segment
time. Moreover, programming has been done to make
the characters move in a beautiful manner. alphanumeric displays, 16-segment displays
more flexible and less complicated than
LCD screens or video interfacing.The name
alphanumeric display indicates that, it
shows the information numbers and letters.
Block Diagram of moving messages in
LED:
• An AT89S52 microcontroller is the heart of
the circuit. It has two timers to control the
display timing and it also controls data
transfer in the circuit .
• A 4pin DIP switch is connected to
microcontroller which gives the input
information to the microcontroller. Each pin
in the DIP switch has two states 0 and 1,by
using 4 pins we can actually give 16 different
input signals to the microcontroller.
• The output data is displayed through asset of
16 single alphanumericLED displaysconnected
to the microcontroller. A decoder is
connected to microcontroller which receives
the address information to control the
turning ON and OFF of the LED display.
 IC description:
MICRO CONTROLLER AT89S52:
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes
of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel's
high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-
standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program
memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a
monolithic chip, the Atmel AT8952 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-
flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
FEATURES:
• Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory - Endurance: 1000Write/Erase
Cycles
• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
• Three-level Program Memory Lock• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM ,32 Programmable I/O
Lines etc
Pin Diagram of AT89S52:
 pin description:
• 1.VCC Supply voltage
• 2. GND Ground.
• 3. Port 0 :-Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional 1/0 port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL
inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be
configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data
memory. In this mode, PO has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming
and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program
verification.4.
• 4.Port 1:- Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional 1/0 port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the inter-nal pull-ups
and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2
external count input (P1.0/2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/TEX), respectively, as shown in the
follow-ing table. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.
• 5.Port 2:- Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional 1/0 port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the inter-nal pull-ups
and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during the fectches from external
program memory.
 Continuition…..
• Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional 1/0 port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the inter-
nal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low
will source current (IIL)because or the pull-ups. Port 3 receives some control signals for
Flashprogramming and ventication.
• 7. RST: Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets
the device. This pin drives high for 98 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DISRTO
bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit
DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled.
• 8. ALE/PROG Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the lowbyte of the
address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG)
during Flash programming.
• 9. PSEN Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the
AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine
cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to exter-nal data memory.
• 10. EA/VPP External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to
fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note,
however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset.
 3 to 8 DECODER 74HC138:-
• The 74hc138 is a high speed Si-gate CMOS device and is a pin compatible with Low power
Schottky TTL. The 74HC138 decoder accepts three binary weighted inputs (A0,A1 and A3) and
when enabled ,provides 8 mutually exclusive active LOW outputs(Y0 to Y7).
• 74HC138 features three enable inputs: two active LOW(E1 and E2) and one active HIGH(E3).
 ULN2003,7CH DARLINTON SINK DRIVER:-
• The UTC ULN2003 are high voltage ,high current Darlington
drivers Comprised of seven NPN Darlington pairs .
• All units features integral clamp diodes for switching inductive
loads.
• Applications include relay ,hammer , lamp and display(LED)
drivers.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LED BASED
MOVING MESSAGES:
USES:
FOREX RATED BOARD TOKEN DISPLAY MULTIPLEX SIGN

NOTICE BOARD CALENDER CLOCK AIRPORT SIGN

PRODUCTION
FEATURES:

PATTERNS:
• use eye catching programmable patterns as small breaks in between the messages to give prominence to the next
message.
MULTI-LINGUAL:
Besides English , smart tech action
Displays other languages like Telugu,
Hindi , tamil ,Gujarati etc.
EFFECTS:
Don't bore your viewers with the same old travelling message display.By using this your messages more
attractive appealing and travelling.
SPLIT SCTREEN:
Vertical/Horizontal-One part steady. One part moving. Get your point across better.
IMAGES:
Make your messages with built in images like heart, arrow, clock, car, telephone , computer…etc.
 IMAGES OF FEATURES:

IMAGES SPLIT SCREEN PATTERNS

MULTI -LINGUAL
EFFECTS
 ADVANTAGES:
• It is very efficient and reliable.
• Cost is less.
• Light in weight.
• Small in size.
• It consumes low energy.
• It is having longer lifetime.
• LEDs operates very fast.
• The brightness of light emitted by LED depends on the current flowing
through theLED. Hence, the brightness the led can be easily controlled
by varying the current.
APPLICATIONS:
• LED Moving Message Signs are used in any appropriate locations to communicate
different kind of messages, from time to time, to many number of people who pass
by such area.
• To display real time and temperature: Large size digital clocks indoor or outdoor
for shop floors, towers, petrol pumps, educational institutes, etc.
• Bringing forth a wide range of attractive and effective advertising solutions
through LED display systems, animation sign boards, lead token boards, lighting &
display signs, electronic signs
• The patrons can avail from us a world class array of LEDDisplay Systems, which is
available in various color combinations and designs.
 CONCLUSION:
A Moving Message Display system has been designed,
analyzed and implemented. The completed system was able
to display the message of text. The system would be found
useful in applications which require information to be
displayed in a legible and intelligible form such as in
Restaurants, Banks, Museums, etc. Its benefits cannot be
overemphasized in these days of technological
advancements; however, this system design could be
further improved on.
THANK YOU