Nnamdi Azikiwe University,

Faculty Of Environmental Science,

Department Of Architecture

List and explain 10 types of housing with images

Name: IFEONU MAJESTY ONYINYECHI

Reg.no:2019274061
Course name: Housing analysis and design
Course Code:: ARC 416

OCTOBER, 2023
DISCUSS ANY 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSING CLASSIFICATION BASED
ON INCOME LEVEL.

LOW INCOME

Homes for people or families with low annual household incomes are referred to as low
income housing. There are numerous similar housing initiatives that are run and supported by
private, public, or federal agencies. The goal is to give individuals somewhere to live at a
price they can afford.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW INCOME INCLUDE

● Affordable Rent: Low-income housing typically offers affordable rental rates to

accommodate individuals or families with limited financial resources. Income
Eligibility: Residents must meet specific income requirements to qualify for
low-income housing programs or subsidies.
● Government Assistance: Low-income housing often receives government support or
subsidies to make it more affordable and accessible to those in need. Housing
Stability: Low-income housing aims to provide stable housing options for individuals
or families who may face housing insecurity or homelessness.
● Community Services: Some low-income housing developments may offer additional
support services such as childcare, job training, or access to healthcare resources.
Location: Low-income housing is often located in areas with convenient access to
essential amenities, public transportation, and community services.
● Quality Standards: Despite being affordable, low-income housing should meet certain
quality standards to ensure safe and habitable living conditions for residents.
● Income Verification: Residents' income may be periodically verified to ensure
ongoing eligibility for low-income housing programs.
● Mixed-Income and Mixed-Use Developments: Urban and regional planning for
low-income housing often emphasises mixed-income developments that incorporate a
range of housing options catering to diverse income groups within the same
community. Additionally, mixed-use developments that integrate residential spaces
with commercial and community facilities aim to create vibrant and economically
diverse neighbourhoods.
 ● Proximity to Essential Services: Low-income housing projects are strategically
located in close proximity to essential services such as schools, healthcare facilities,
public transportation, and community centres. This ensures that residents have
convenient access to vital resources and services that are crucial for their well-being
and overall quality of life.
● Sustainable and Affordable Design: Urban and regional planners focus on developing
sustainable and cost-effective design solutions for low-income housing, incorporating
energy-efficient features, sustainable materials, and affordable construction methods.
These initiatives aim to reduce operating costs for residents and promote
environmentally friendly practices that benefit both the community and the
environment.

HIGH INCOME

High income housing typically refers to residential properties that are designed and priced for
individuals or families with higher-than-average incomes. These properties often come with
luxurious amenities, upscale features, and premium services, catering to the needs and
expectations of affluent residents.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH INCOME INCLUDE

● Sustainable Design and Infrastructure: High-income housing projects in urban and

regional planning often prioritise sustainable design practices and incorporate
eco-friendly infrastructure, such as green spaces, energy-efficient systems, and
sustainable transportation options. These initiatives aim to minimise the
environmental impact of the development while promoting a healthier and more
sustainable living environment.
● Transit-Oriented Development: High-income housing developments in urban and
regional planning are often strategically located near public transportation hubs and
major transit corridors. This approach encourages the use of public transportation,
reduces dependence on private vehicles, and promotes sustainable mobility options,
thereby contributing to the overall urban sustainability and reducing traffic
congestion.
 ● Urban Renewal and Revitalization: In some cases, high-income housing projects are
part of urban renewal and revitalization initiatives aimed at transforming and
rejuvenating underutilised or blighted urban areas. These projects often involve the
redevelopment of former industrial sites or neglected neighbourhoods, integrating
high-income housing with commercial, recreational, and cultural amenities to
stimulate economic growth and enhance the overall urban landscape.
● Customization Options: Residents of high-income housing often have the ability to
personalize their living spaces to meet their specific preferences.
● Enhanced Security: High-income housing provides advanced security measures such
as gated entrances, surveillance systems, and on-site security personnel.
● Privacy: High-income housing offers privacy with features like private entrances,
large yards, and well-designed layouts that minimize noise.
● High Property Value: High-income housing tends to have high property values,
making it a sound investment for homeowners.

MIDDLE INCOME

Middle income housing refers to residential accommodations that are designed to be

affordable for individuals or families with moderate incomes. These housing options are
typically aimed at providing comfortable and adequate living spaces for people who earn
more than those in low-income brackets but still face challenges in affording high-end
housing.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MIDDLE INCOME HOUSING

● Affordable Pricing: Middle-income housing is designed to be more affordable

compared to high-income housing options.
● Moderate Amenities: Middle-income housing often includes basic amenities such as a
community gym, parking spaces, and common areas.
● Convenient Locations: Middle-income housing is typically situated in accessible areas
with proximity to essential services, schools, and transportation options.
● Functional Floor Plans: Middle-income housing offers practical and efficient layouts
that maximise the use of space for everyday living.
● Mixed-Use Zoning: Middle-income housing developments often incorporate
mixed-use zoning, allowing for the integration of residential spaces with commercial
 establishments, offices, and local businesses. Mixed-use zoning fosters vibrant and
dynamic neighbourhoods, supporting local economic development, and providing
residents with convenient access to retail, dining, and entertainment options within
close proximity to their homes.

● Sustainability Measures: Urban and regional planners prioritise the integration of

sustainability measures within middle-income housing developments, including
energy-efficient building designs, green infrastructure, and sustainable landscaping
practices. These measures aim to reduce the environmental footprint of the
community, promote energy conservation, and create a healthier and more sustainable
living environment for residents.

● Quality Public Services: Middle-income housing developments ensure access to

quality public services, including reliable utilities, waste management systems, and
well-maintained public infrastructure. These services contribute to the overall
livability and attractiveness of the neighbourhood, fostering a safe and comfortable
living environment for residents and supporting the long-term stability and
sustainability of the community.

● Affordable Pricing: Middle-income housing is priced at a level that is affordable for

individuals or families with moderate income levels. While it may not be as
affordable as low-income housing, it is typically more accessible than high-end luxury
housing options.

● Moderate Amenities: Middle-income housing often includes a range of moderate

amenities such as basic appliances, standard finishes, and functional living spaces.
While it may not have the lavish amenities associated with high-end housing, it offers
practical features that meet the needs of the residents.

DISCUSS THE VARIOUS MEANS OF FINANCING A HOUSING SCHEME

● Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): PPPs involve collaboration between government

entities and private developers or investors. In this model, the public sector may
 provide land or financial support, while private entities handle the construction and
management of the housing scheme, sharing the risks and profits.

● Microfinance and Community-Based Financing: Microfinance institutions can

provide small-scale loans and financial services to individuals or communities to
facilitate affordable housing development. Community-based financing models
involve pooling resources from community members to fund housing projects
collectively.

● Housing Cooperatives: Housing cooperatives enable individuals to collectively

finance and manage housing projects. Members pool their resources to fund the
construction or purchase of housing units, and the cooperative structure allows for
shared ownership and management responsibilities.

● Crowdfunding: Crowdfunding platforms enable developers to raise capital for

housing schemes from a large number of individual investors through online
fundraising campaigns. This method allows for the mobilization of funds from a
broad investor base, reducing reliance on traditional financial institutions.

● Philanthropic Funding: Charitable organizations and philanthropic foundations may

provide grants or donations to support housing projects that align with their social
missions. Philanthropic funding can be crucial for financing housing schemes aimed
at addressing housing insecurity, homelessness, or other social issues.