A

MINIPROJECT REPORT

ON

“Bistable Multivibrator Using 555 IC”

By

Dipali Gulab Jadhav

Guided by

Prof. V.R.HIRE

(Assistant Professor)

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

S.S.V.P.S.’s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

DHULE 424002
2022-2023

I
 S.S.V.P.S.’s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
DHULE-424 005.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Date:
This is to certify that the project entitled “BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
USING 555IC” has been carried out by DIPALI GULAB JADHAV . under
our guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics And Telecommunications of Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar
Technological University,Lonere during the academic year 2022-2023. To the
best of my knowledge and belief , this work has been submitted elsewhere for
the award of any other degree.

Guide HOD

Prof.V.R.HIRE Prof. Dr. P. S. Patil

II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every seminar big or small is successful largely due to the effort of a number of
wonderful people who have always given their valuable advice or lent a helping
hand. I sincerely appreciate the inspiration; support and guidance of all those
people who have been instrumental in making this project a success.

I wish to express a sense of gratitude to my guide Prof.V.R.HIRE

Electronics and Telecommunications Department. S. S. V. P. S. B.S. DEORE
ENGINEERING COLLEGE DHULE, to give me guidance at every moment
during my entire thesis and giving valuable suggestions. He gives me unfailing
inspiration and whole hearted cooperation in caring out my seminar work. His
continuous encouragement at each of work and effort to push the work through
are grateful acknowledged.

I am also very grateful to my classmates, SSVPS B.S. DEORE ENGINEERING

COLLEGE DHULE, for their huge co-operation and valuable suggestion from
time to time during my entire seminar work. I also extend my gratitude to all
members of the department without whose support at various stages this report
will not be materialized.

Last but not the least I wish to thanks my friends who helped me directly or
indirectly in the successful completion of this work.

Date: (Dipali Gulab Jadhav)

III
 INDEX
Chapter Topic Page no:
No:
ABSTRACT 1
1. INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR 3
CIRCUIT USING 555 IC
1.2 555 TIMER FLIP-FLOP AND 5
MEMORY CELL CIRCUIT
7
1.3 MEMORY CELL

WORKING PRINCIPLE 8
2. 2.1 DETAILED EXPLAINATION OF 555 9
MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUIT
2.2 OPERATION MODE OF BISTABLE 10
555 TIMERMULTIVIBRATOR
MODE OF 555 TIMER IC

CONCLUSION 13
3. 3.1 ADVANTAGES
3.2 DISADVANTAGES
3.3 APPLICATIONS
3.4 CONCLUSIION
14

REFERENCES 15

IV
ABSTRACT

Bistable Multivibrator mode of 555 timer IC is the easiest mode of 555

IC, whre Monostable multivibrator mode has one stable and one unstable state,
Astable multivibrator mode has both the unstable states.In this project by using
Bistable mode, both the states are stable.Means it remains in the same state
(either HIGH or LOW) until anexternal trigger is applied; otherwise it stays in
one of the two states(HIGH or LOW) indefinitely.In bistable mode there is no
RC network like the other two modes of 555, hence there are no equations and
wave form. Bistable mode simply works as a Flip-flop.Individual Sequencial
Logic circuits can be used to make complex circuits like Counters, Latches,
Shift Registers, or Memories etc, butfor these kinds of circuits to function in a
“Sequencial” way, they need the count of a clock pulse to cause them to modify
their state. Generally, Clock (CLK) pulses are square formed waves that are
generated by a single pulse generator circuit like a Multivibrator which
fluctuates between two states namely a “HIGH”and a “LOW”.There are
basically three types of pulse generation circuits based on a number of stable
states namely astable, monostable and bistable multivibrator.

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

When an astable multivibrator has no stable states and a monostable

multivibrator has a single stable state, a device with two absolute stable states is
possible. A Bistable multivibrator is a type of circuit which has two stable states
(high and low). It stays in the same state until and unless an external trigger
input is applied.
Generally, a bistable multivibrator stays low until a trigger signal is
applied and it stays high until a reset signal is applied. Bistable multi vibrators
are also called as flip-flops or latches. The term flip-flop is used because it
‘flips’ to one state and stays there until a trigger is applied and once the trigger
is applied it ‘flops’ back to the original state.

Components Used are as:555Timer IC, 10K Resistor x2,680 Ohm

Resistor, 330 Ohm Resistor, Blue LED(5mm), Red LED(5mm), Breadboard,
Some jumper wires, Battery, Push switches x2 etc.

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1.1 .Bistable Multivibrator Circuit using 555 IC

Fig.1. The circuit for a bistable multivibrator using the 555 timer

A bistable multivibrator is one of the easiest circuits that can be built

using a 555 timer. It doesn’t require a capacitor as the RC charging unit is not
responsible for the generation of the output. The generation of high and low
outputs is not dependent on the charging and discharging of the capacitor in the
RC unit but rather it is controlled by the external trigger and reset signals.

The explanation of the bi stable mode of operation of the 555 timer is as

follows. The trigger and reset pins (pins 2 and 4 respectively) are connected to
the supply through two resistors R1 and R2 so that they are always high. In all
the previous cases, the reset pin is not used and in order to avoid any accidental
reset, it is simply connected to VCC.

When the switch S2 is pressed, the voltage from VCC will bypass the
reset terminal and is shorted to ground through the resistor R2. This pin is
internally connected to the RESET terminal of the flip-flop. When this signal
goes low for a moment, the flip-flop receives the reset signal and RESETs the
flip-flop.

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 Hence, the output will become LOW and stays there until the trigger is
applied. The waveforms of the bistable mode of operation of the 555 timer are
shown below.

Fig. 2. Waveform of the bistable mode of the 555 Ic

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1.2 .555 Timer Flip-flop and Memory Cell Circuit

Flip-flop
It is not a great choice to use a 555 timer as a flip-flop in computer
applications. In typical computer applications, the clock pulse is used to drive
the trigger and reset signals and the frequency of the clock signal is very high
(generally in the order of Giga Hertz). The output of the 555 timer is not
responsive enough to match the speed of the clock signals’ frequency. Readily
available flip-flop devices are preferable when used in high speed operations.

The 555 timer in bistable mode i.e. as a flip-flop can be used in low
speed, non-computer applications like robotics. A simple application is a robot
which moves forward and backward every time it hits an object.

That being said, the circuit of a flip-flop using a 555 timer is shown
below.

Fig.3. Cicruit of flip-flop using 555 IC

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 When the output at pin 3 is high, the capacitor C charges through the
resistor R1 to the peak value i.e. VCC. When the output at pin 3 is low, the
capacitor discharges through the same resistor to 0. In order to switch the
output from high to low or low to high, a switch is used at the junction of trigger
and threshold pins.

The voltage divider formed by the resistors R2 and R3 will provide a

voltage of VCC / 2 at the pins 6 and 2. When the switch is pressed, this voltage
is interrupted and triggers the internal flip-flop. This will allow the output to
switch between the two states.

A circuit that acts as a toggle flip-flop is shown below. It is used to light

an LED and the LED switches between ON and OFF when the switch is
pressed.

Fig.4. Circuit of toggle flip-flop

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1.3 Memory Cell

Memory is an important unit in digital electronics. Flip-flops are the basic

1 – bit storage elements. A 555 timer, when used as a flip-flop, can act as a
memory cell to store 1 – bit data. The circuit of a memory cell using 555 timer
is shown below. It acts as an SR flip-flop.

Fig.5. Circuit of a memory cell 555 IC

The connection is similar to bistable mode of operation with a few extra

components. When the set switch is pressed, the voltage at pin 2 goes low. This
will SET the flip-flop and the output becomes HIGH which drives the LED
connected to it.When the reset switch is pressed, the voltage at pin 4
goeslow.This will RESET the flip-flop and the output becomes LOW which
turns off the L
 7

CHAPTER 2

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Bistable Multivibrator mode of 555 timer IC is the easiest mode of 555

timer IC, where Monostable multibrator mode has one stable & one unstable
state, Astable multvibrator mode has both the unstable states, here in Bistable
mode, both the states are stable. Means it remains in the same state (either
HIGH or LOW) until an external trigger is applied; otherwise it stays in one of
the two states (HIGH or LOW) indefinitely. In biastable mode there is no RC
network like the other two modes of 555, hence there are no equations and wave
form. Biastable mode simply works as a Flip-flop.

Fig.6.Bistable Multivibrator Using 555 IC

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2.1 Detailed explanation of 555 timer bistable multivibrator
circuit :
Pin 1. Ground: This pin should be connected to ground.

Pin 2. TRIGGER: Trigger pin is dragged from the negative input of

comparator two. The Lower comparator output is connected to SET pin of flip-
flop. A negative pulse (< Vcc/3) on this Pin sets the Flip flop and output goes
High.

Pin 3. OUTPUT: This pin also has no special function. This is output pin
where Load is connected. It can be used as source or sink and drive up to
200mA current.

Pin 4. Reset: There is a flip-flop in the timer chip. Reset pin is directly
connected to MR (Master Reset) of the flip-flop. This is a active Low pin and
normally connected to VCC for preventing accidental Reset.

Pin 5. Control Pin: The control pin is connected from the negative input pin of
comparator one. Output Pulse width can be controlled by applying voltage at
this Pin, irrespective of RC network. Normally this pin is pulled down with a
capacitor (0.01uF), to avoid unwanted noise interference with the working.

Pin 6. THRESHOLD: Threshold pin voltage determines when to reset the flip-
flop in the timer. The threshold pin is drawn from positive input of upper
comparator. If the control pin is open, then a voltage equal to or greater than
VCC*(2/3) will reset the flip-flop. So the output goes low.
Pin 7. DISCHARGE: This pin is drawn from the open collector of
transistor. Since the transistor (on which discharge pin got taken, Q1) got its
base connected to Qbar. Whenever the output goes low or the flip-flop gets
reset, the discharge pin is pulled to ground and capacitor discharges.

Pin 8. Power or VCC: It is connected to positive voltage (+3.6v to +15v).

2.2. Operation of Bistable Multivibrator mode of 555 timer IC:

Fig.5.Bistable Multivibrator mode of 555 timer IC

As mentioned, it is the easiest mode and doesn’t require any RC circuit, the
states are controlled by the Trigger PIN 2 and the RESET PIN 4. Trigger PIN 2
is the inverting end of the LOWER comparator inside 555 IC and RESET Pin 4
is the RESET terminal of the RS flip flop. Trigger PIN is used to SET the flip
flop (Output HIGH) and Reset Pin is used to Reset the flip flop (Output LOW).
Push button switches S1 and S2 are connected to the Trigger Pin and Reset Pin
respectively, to make them LOW momentarily. Pressing the S1 switch Sets the
Output and S2 Resets the Output.

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Trigger PIN 2 and Reset PIN 4 input are kept HIGH using two Pull-up
resistors R1 and R2.Now when Push button Switch S1 is pressed, Trigger PIN 2
goes Grounded ( < Vcc/3) and Lower comparator output becomes HIGH for a
moment, which SETs the flip flop and 555 output is HIGH.555 remains in this
state until the Reset input, because now both the comparators are at LOW.

Now when button S2 is pressed, it makes the Reset PIN LOW and Reset
the internal Flip flop and OUTPUT goes LOW.

So external trigger (PIN2) Sets the flip-flop and output Goes HIGH and
Reset signal (PIN4) Resets the flip-flop and output Goes LOW.

Threshold PIN 6 can be kept open but we have connected it to Ground, so

that Flip flop can’t be Reset using the PIN 6 and can only be reset using RESET
PIN 4.Here is the practical demonstration of the Bistable mode of 555 timer
IC, where we have connected a LED to the output of the 555 IC. This LED will
be switched ON when Button S1 is pressed and switched OFF when button S2
is pressed.

As mentioned, it is the easiest mode and doesn’t require any RC circuit,

the states are controlled by the Trigger PIN 2 and the RESET PIN 4. Trigger
PIN 2 is the inverting end of the LOWER comparator inside 555 IC and RESET
Pin 4 is the RESET terminal of the RS flip flop. Trigger PIN is used to SET the
flip flop (Output HIGH) and Reset Pin is used to Reset the flip flop (Output
LOW). Push button switches S1 and S2 are connected to the Trigger Pin and
Reset Pin respectively, to make them LOW momentarily. Pressing the S1
switch Sets the Output and S2 Resets the Output.

Trigger PIN 2 and Reset PIN 4 input are kept HIGH using two Pull-up
resistors R1 and R2.
 Now when Push button Switch S1 is pressed, Trigger PIN 2 goes
Grounded ( < Vcc/3) and Lower comparator output becomes HIGH for a
moment, which SETs the flip flop and 555 output is HIGH.

555 remains in this state until the Reset input, because now both the
comparators are at LOW.

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Now when button S2 is pressed, it makes the Reset PIN LOW and Reset
the internal Flip flop and OUTPUT goes LOW.So external trigger (PIN2) Sets
the flip-flop and output Goes HIGH and Reset signal (PIN4) Resets the flip-flop
and output Goes LOW.

Threshold PIN 6 can be kept open but we have connected it to Ground, so

that Flip flop can’t be Reset using the PIN 6 and can only be reset using RESET
PIN 4.

Here is the practical demonstration of the Bistable mode of 555 timer

IC, where we have connected a LED to the output of the 555 IC. This LED will
be switched ON when Button S1 is pressed and switched OFF when button S2
is pressed.

Fig.6.555 timer bistable multivibrator circuit

The above schematic shows the 555 timer bistable multivibrator circuit. You
can find circuits and applications of bistable multivibrator in 555 timer circuits.

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 CHAPTER 3
CONCLUSION
The Advantages, Disadvantages, Application , and Conclusion

3.1 ADVANTAGES

 It doesn't require a capacitor as the RC charging unit is not responsible

for the generation of the output. The generation of high and low outputs is
not dependent on the charging and discharging of the capacitor in the RC
but rather it is controlled by the external trigger and reset signals.
 Stores the previous output unless disturbed.
 Circuit design is simple.

3.2 DISADVANTAGES

 The drawbacks of a Bistable Multivibrator are as follows −

 Two kinds of trigger pulses are required.
 A bit costlier than other Multivibrators.

3.3 APPLICATIONS
 It is used in different storage devices and for counting binary numbers.
 Used for frequency division in different circuits.
 It is used for the production of different clock pulses.
 It is used in different circuits as a toggle switch.
 It is used for different relay controllers.
 Used in pulse generation and digital operations like counting and storing
of binary information.

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3.4 CONCLUSION
Bistable Multivibrator mode of 555 timer IC is the easiest mode of 555
timer IC, where Monostable multibrator mode has one stable & one unstable
state, Astable multvibrator mode has both the unstable states, here in Bistable
mode, both the states are stable.

A bistable multivibrator is one of the easiest circuits that can be built using a
555 timer. It doesn't require a capacitor as the RC charging

A bistable multivibrator can be built with the most popular and also low-
cost IC i.e, 555 Timer.

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REFERENCES

[1]. https://www.electronicshub.org/bistable-multivibrator-using-555-timer/

[2]. https://electrosome.com/bistable-multivibrator-555-timer/

[3]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555_timer_IC

[4]. https://www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/555-timer-3-bistable-multivibrator-

configuration

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