Synthesis and Properties of Ceramic Materials

Lecture (2h): Lecture Hall (Room 2R4), on Tuesdays, 1:00 p.m.

Beginning: 23 October 2012

Excercises (1h): Lecture Hall (Room 2R4), on Tuesdays, 2:45 p.m.

Beginning: will be announced

Power Point Presentation (Homepage)

Synthesis and Properties of Ceramic Materials

Contents

Powder technology and sintering

1. Introduction
2. Powder preparation
3. Powder characterization
4. Green body formation and characterization
5. Sintering

Selected examples
1. Oxide ceramics
2. Nonoxide ceramics
3. Ceramic fibers and fiber-reinforced composites
4. Glass and glass ceramics
Literature:
•C. Barry Carter, M. Grant Norton, Ceramic Materials-Science and engineering, Springer, 2007

•T. A. Ring, Fundamentals of Ceramic Powder Processing and Synthesis, Academic Press1996

•M. Rahaman, Sintering of ceramics, CRC Press, 2008

•F. Thümmler, R. Oberacker, An Introduction to Powder Metallurgy,

The Institute of Materials, Book 490, The University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1993

•Pulvermetallurgie, W. Schatt, K.-P. Wieters (Hrsg.), VDI Verlag, 1994

•W. Schatt, K.-P. Wieters, Sintervorgänge, VDI Verlag, 1992

•R. M. German, Powder Metallurgy Science, Metal Powder Industries Federation, USA, 1984

•H. Salmang, H. Scholze, Keramik, Springer, 2007

Powder technology and sintering

Processing scheme

Powder preparation

Shaping of components

Sintering
 Powder technology and sintering

Non-metallic inorganic materials

(Ceramics)

Metals and alloys

Polymers
 Powder technology
Historical survey

Materials Beginning Remarks

Fired clay (ceramic) 26000 B. C. - 23000 B. C. Stone age
8000 B. C. - 6000 B. C.
Forge welding of weapons and Antiquity to middle ages Egyptians, Indians, Hittites,
jewelry from steal/iron Babylonians, American Indians
powders and noble metals
Pillar of Delhi About 400 n.Chr. India
Sintered platinum Since 1800 England, Russia
Amalgams 1855 Townsend
(Dendistry)
Metal bearing carbon About 1900 Carbon brush industry
Refractory metals 1900-1910 Just and Hanamann, Coolidge,
Fink, Skaupy, and others
Porous compacts 1908 Löwendahl
Sintering of tungsten carbide 1922 Schröter
with additions (Fe, Ni, Co)
Sintered magnetes 1934-1941 Howe, Kieffer, Hotop, Ritzau,
Kalischer
Sintered iron and steal for Ab 1935 Kieffer, Hotop, Benesovsky,
machine parts and porous iron Zapf, Schwarz
bearings
Si3N4 valves 1990 Germany
Venus of Dolni Vestonice
Pillar of Delhi
 Sintering
-Two-particle model-
Sintering of copper spheres
Sintering curve
Reasons for the application of powder technology

Economic aspects
•High yield of material
•Precision
•Automation
•Cost saving
•Productivity

Technical requirements
•High melting points
•Non-meltable materials
•Amorphization
•Porous materials
•Non-equilibrium states
•Mechanical performance
Technical advantages
•Special properties
•Defined microstructures
•Defined combinations and
distributions of phases
•Porosity
•Dispersion
•Preparation of composites
Applications of advanced ceramics