12 Quality management systems, specifications, procedures and documentation Objective When you have gone through this chapter, you should have some knowledge of the quality management systems defined in the ISO 9001:2000 standards be able to draw up basic proposals for text in a specification and in a procedure for surface treatment of steel i be able to fill in a daily log and to write inspection reports have some knowledge of ISO-standaids pertaining to the field of anticorrosive paints and coatings know what quality management and quality control are about have some knowledge of how a specification and a procedure for surface treat- ment of steel are built up be able to read and understand specifications and procedures know of reporting systems, for example daily logs and technical reports Introduction This chapter will provide an introduction to quality management systems and the documentation of quality. We will also take a closer look at specifications and procedures for surface treatment of steel as well as the writing of different types of logs/reports. Quality management systems Quality management encompasses all activities which are necessary in order to achieve the quality objective for the product. The activities must ensure that the product obtains the required quality at the lowest possible price. As will be under- stood, quality is closely related to economy. The adoption of a quality management system should be a strategic decision of an organization. All companies supplying goods or services must ensure that the products they supply meet certain requirements. The products must be able to fulfil 12 Quauity MANAGEMENT 291,the expectations of the customers as well as requirements in specifications and standards. In that case the quality requirements are met. During production the company must ensure that every single product has the right quality. In order to achieve this the company closely monitors the production process and the procedures involved. We are therefore talking about quality man- agement systems. The international quality management systems standard ISO 9001 is used for planning and establishment of such systems. Quality management systems standard ISO 9001:2000 The term /SO 9000 refers to a series of quality management standards. ISO 9000 currently includes three quality standards: ISO 9000:2000 1SO 9001:2000 ISO 9004:2000. ISO 9001:2000 specifies requirements, while ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 9004:2000 provide guidelines. All of these are process standards (not product standards). 1SO first published its quality standards in 1987, revised them in 1994, and then republished an updated version in 2000. These new standards are referred to as the “TSO 9000:2000 Standards”. ISO's purpose is to facilitate international trade by providing a single set of standards that people everywhere would recognize and respect. The ISO 9000:2000 standards apply to all kinds of organizations in all kinds of areas. ” ‘When comparing the ISO 9001:1994 with the new ISO-9001:2000 there are some changes. The standard has been reorganized in order to create a more logical structure, and in order to make it more compatible with the ISO 14001 environ- ; Mental management standard. In general the new standard is more customer-oriented than the old standard. While the old standard was also oriented towards meeting customer requirements , and achieving customer satisfaction, the new standard addresses this in much greater detail. In addition it expects you to communicate with customers and to measure and monitor customer satisfaction. In the following we have listed important issues that must be taken into consid- eration according to ISO 9001:2000. These are requirements that a corrosion con- tractor will encounter and must fulfil. The edition ISO 9001:2000 cancels and replaces the second edition ISO 9001:1994 along with ISO 9002:1994 and ISO 9003:1994. It constitutes a techni- cal revision of these documents. 292 CoRROSION PROTECTION \Scope and application ‘The International Standard ISO 9001:2000 specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization (company) needs to ensure that the product meets customer and applicable regulatory requirements and aims to en- hance customer satisfaction. Processes for continual improvement must be included in the system. All requirements of ISO 9001:2000 are generic and are intended to be applica- ble to all organizations, regardless of type, size and product provided. Quality management system The organization shall establish, document, implement and maintain a quality man- agement system and continually improve its effectiveness in accordance with the standard. Management responsibility The top management shall provide evidence of its commitment to the development and implementation of the quality management system and continually improving its effectiveness by communicating to the organization the importance of meeting customer as well as statutory and regulatory requirements establishing a quality policy ensuring that quality objectives are established conducting management reviews, and ensuring the availability of resources A short case story will illustrate a contracting company’s use of a quality manage- ment system. The setting: A small company carries out blast cleaning and painting of pipes for off- shore projects. All work is carried out indoors under optimum climatic conditions at their workshop. In the workshop large objects can be blast cleaned and painted. The abrasive used is a mixture of steel grit and shot. Painting is carried out in a separate plant. ‘In the following, sentences written in italics are related to this case. To ensure that for example surface preparation and paint application are carried out in accordance with the customer’s specification, it is advisable that the company has their own certified inspector to confirm the quality of these operations. ‘ 12 Quauty MANAGEMENT 293Documentation requirements In In general, the quality management system documentation shall include documented statements of a quality policy and quality objectives a quality manual documented procedures required by the ISO standard documents needed by the organization to ensure the effective planning, opera- tion and control of its processes and records required by the ISO standard. The documentation system shall be reviewed and updated as necessary. ‘The organization shall establish and maintain a quality manual that includes the scope of the quality management system, including details of and justifica- tion for any exclusions the documented procedures established for the quality management system, or reference to them, and a description of the interaction between the process ment system. s of the quality manage- The company must decide which documents are to be used as well ag which ‘personnel is involved in degreasing, blast cleaning and painting of the pipes. Also a system for reporting of progress as well as logistics must be devel- oped, Records shall be established and maintained to provide evidence of conformity to requirements and of the effective operation of the quality management system. The records shall remain legible, readily identifiable and retrievable. This means that there must be a system available for identification of the pipes (identification tags) and for reporting in technical terms the surface preparation and painting carried out. Customer focus Top management shall ensure that customer requirements are determined and are met with the aim of enhancing customer satisfaction. Management review The purpose of a management review is to evaluate the overall performance of an organization's quality management system and to identify improvement opportuni- ties. These reviews are carried out by the organization’s top managers at planned intervals. 294 CoRROSION PROTECTIONInternal audits The organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to determine whether the quality management system conforms to the planned arrangements and to the requirements of the standard. If the company identifies that the surface preparation and painting of the pipes are not in accordance with the customer's requirements, this has to be looked into and must result in changes in the procedures of the company. Human resources Personnel performing work affecting product quality shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, skills and experience. The workers should be skilled and have thorough knowledge of surface preparation and painting. Skills and knowledge in this field are ofien passed on from skilled workers in the company to the newcomers. Some countries may offer training programmes providing the trainees with both a theoreti- cal and practical background in this line of work. Design and development The organization shall plan and control the design and development of the product. Identification and traceability It is important that, where appropriate, the organization identifies the product by suitable means throughout product realization. Where traceability is a requirement, control and recording of the product is carried out. Product realization The organization shall plan and develop the processes needed for product realiza- tion, including the required verification, validation, monitoring, inspection and test | activities. | Control of nonconforming product | The procedures shall ensure that a product which does not conform to product requirements is identified and controlled to prevent its unintended use or delivery. The controls and related responsibilities and authorities for dealing with | nonconforming products shall be defined in a documented procedure. | 12 Quauiry MANAGEMENT 295,eee eee Nonconformity is a term related to all kinds of defects found with the product at a certain stage in a process or during the final inspection. It is important that nonconformities are assessed according to established pro- cedures. Acceptance of the product must also be evaluated. Can it be adjusted or should it be scrapped? If the company has forgotten to carry out surface preparation to for exam- ple Sa 2 and this is identified after delivery, this may have greater eco- nomic consequences than if the defect was discovered by internal means. Corrective actions When the cause of the nonconformity has been identified, corrective actions shall be taken to eliminate the cause in order to prevent its reoccurrence. If the company has not included an instruction in their procedures saying that the pipes shall be blast cleaned to Sa 2 prior to painting, this mistake will occur on all the pipes. Such mistakes must be corrected in order 10 avoid claims with economic consequences. Corrective actions must not be confused with repair, which is a short-term action on certain pipes only. Quality control Quality control is an integral part of all industrial processes to ensure that manu- factured goods fulfil the requirements stated in relevant specifications. This is the case irrespective of whether the goods are to be processed further in another loca tion or are finished goods. Quality must be planned and incorporated into the product. Quality is not the result of control alone. Even if thorough controls of the product are made, this does not necessarily mean that the quality of the product is any better with respect to the specification. It is imperative that the product is manufactured correctly, so that the product conforms to the requirements in the specification. Any defects identified during production must be corrected as quickly as possible. During quality control it is investigated whether the product fulfils the require- ments stated by the specification at a certain stage in the production. If the product is accepted, it will move on to the next step in the production process. If nonconformities are observed, they will have to be corrected first. When defects or faults in connection with for example surface preparation are only discovered during the final control of the product, a lot of time and work has been a waste of effort. Possibly the whole product must be discarded and the work has to be done all over again. This can be illustrated by an example from the industry. Some years ago an order for riser pipes to a Norwegian oil platform was placed with a manufacturer abroad. In the specification from the oil company the following information on activities, requirements and standards was stated: 296 —CoRROSION PROTECTIONActivities Requirements Standard Surface preparation _Blast cleaning to Sa 2% ISO 8501-4 Roughness, Medium (G) 1SO 8503-1 Paint system Coal tar epoxy in 300 um 1SO 2808 It was taken for granted that the factory knew how to carry out the work and followed up by their own inspection during the process. The pipes were delivered to a major shipyard in Norway for assembly. When the pipes were about to be assem- bled, it was suddenly discovered that the paint could be removed in large flakes. The flaking was caused by the fact that the steel substrate was steel with intact mill scale. The steel had not been pretreated by blast cleaning and, naturally, did not have the roughness required. The basic work had to be done all over again, and the factory which had carried out the work incurred an extremely high extra cost. In addition, the project was delayed by several weeks. If the surface preparation had been carried out according to the customer’s requirements, the profits from the job would have been higher. The quality level of the work must be managed in such a way that nonconformities are discovered and corrected as early as possible. Repairs raise questions as to whether there is stil] time and whether it is technically feasible and economical to _ correct the faults. Tt must be emphasized that all staff involved in product development must un- derstand the implications of quality requirements for the product in question. Deviations from the specified requirements must be recorded in a nonconform- ity report. It must also be recorded that the nonconformity has been corrected. A natural consequence of the error made in the example above is to blast clean the construction to the specified cleanliness and roughness. Specifications and procedures What is a specification and what does it consist of? A specification is a document in which certain requirements are stated as to how and at what quality level a certain piece of work must be carried out. In ISO 12944- 8 “Development of specifications for new work and maintenance” the following definition is given: Specification: A technical document describing all the requirements that are to be observed when a steel structure is to be protected against corrosion by using protective paint systems. Such a document consists of several individual specifica- tions — project specification, protective paint system specification, paint work speci- fication, inspection and assessment specification. A specification concerning surface treatment of steel for an oil platform is a document stating how the customer wants the end product to be. The specification may vary both in layout and contents, depending on the size of the project. Such specifications can be extremely comprehensive and detailed. { It is important that the specification includes all aspects of importance for the 12 Quatity MANAGEMENT 297treatment to provide optimum protection, Consequently, requirements to tempera- ture, humidity, cleanliness, roughness, film thickness, appearance, adhesion, etc. must be specified. The layout of specifications for surface preparation and paint application are fairly similar. Examples of contents and their order in a specification are described below. Extracts from a specification concerning surface preparation of steel 3.0 Surface preparation of steel 3.1 Pre-blasting preparations Laminations (depending on depth), irregularities, weld spatter, weld slag and weld smoke must be removed by methods approved by the company. Sharp edges and corners must be rounded by grinding to a radius of minimum 2mm. Contamination such as salts, dirt, etc. must be removed from the surface by means of high pressure fresh water hosing including scrubbing, if required. Contamination from oil and grease must be removed by solvents or alkaline cleaning agents before blast cleaning commences. 3.2 Blast cleaning The compressor must supply air which is free from water and oil. The abrasive must be either metallic grit or a non-metallic abrasive, approved in advance, which can provide the required cleanliness and roughness in accordance with the specification. The abrasive must have a grain size distribution which after blast cleaning re- sults in a roughness of the surface corresponding to Medium (50-85 um) in accord- ance with ISO 8503-1. The abrasive must be dry and free from any contamination which can reduce the lifetime of the paint system. The cleanliness on the blast cleaned surface must be in accordance with current requirements for the various paint systems. Blast cleaning must not be carried out when the steel temperature is less than 3°C above the dew point, nor when the relative humidity is higher than 85%. Remarks The customer states a number of requirements in the specification. It is therefore important that the quality of the product can be documented throughout the project. In the case of large projects the specifications contain detailed forms. Such forms will be discussed in more detail in the section on reporting. In connection with surface preparation and paint application of steel structures for offshore platforms it is common practice for the specifications to contain re- quirements to the effect that a certain proportion of the operators hold certificates of qualification to document skill and experience. 298 Corrosion PROTECTIONThis type of education is only available in some countries. Personnel without such certificates may be required to carry out a test in accordance with the coating specification for the project. In this case a suitable test panel is used, for example 1000 x 1000 mm contain- ing at least 1 pipe end, two pipes, | angle and | flat bar. A suitable location is necessary in order to carry out surface preparation and coating application of the test panel. The acceptance criteria are the requirements to the coating system de- scribed in the specification. Itis also a requirement that staff responsible for the quality must have qualifica- tions on the level of a FROSIO-inspector or similar. The qualification requirements for FROSIO-inspectors are described in Norwegian Standard NS 476. Procedures Generally, the procedure is the answer to the specification. A procedure is a docu- ment which explains how the surface preparation shall be carried out, how the paint shall be applied and who is responsible for the quality. In the procedure the corrosion contractor will provide details about workmanship and contro] routines, thereby demonstrating thatthe company is capable of meeting the requirements in the specification. An established procedure for control of blast cleaned steel surfaces should con- tain guidelines for - when and how the control department or an inspector is to be notified that a construction is ready for control of blast cleaning which cleanliness the surface must have in accordance with ISO 8501-1 which roughness the surface must have in accordance with ISO 8503-1 how deviations from the specification are to be handled. Factual information like date, time, rust grade, cleanliness degree, roughness, sig- natures, etc. are recorded in the daily log. In order for the procedure to meet the requirements stated in the specification an assessment must be made of which requirements in the specification are relevant | for the task to be carried out. The specification may apply to the surface prepara- tion of an entire oil platform, but in this case only one of many surface treatments is to be carried out. It is important to emphasize that the procedure worked out should not just be a copy of the relevant items in the specification. Communication Quality management and quality contro! must be able to document that the product is in accordance with the specification. This is the responsibility of the coating inspector. The documentation must be carried out in the correct manner using the “£1 correct measuring equipment. By means of a control it is confirmed whether the result is in accordance with the specification or not.A number of decisions must be taken in the course of a project. It is therefore important that the inspector has extensive, professional experience within the field of surface preparation and paint application. This means that the inspector must have knowledge of current specification current procedures data sheets for paints used in the project drawings progress plans key persons in the organization During the surface treatment of steel a foreman and, to some extent, the operator carry out their own control of the work. When the controls have been carried out and any corrections made, an inspector will be called in. As will be seen from the report form (daily log), several inspectors of the surface treatment may be attached to the same project. All inspectors have as their objective that the finished product should be made in accordance with the specification, but nevertheless they repre- sent different interests. ‘An inspector is usually not employed in the production and he or she should not obstruct production by virtue of his or her position: It is the inspector's duty to investigate and report defects and ensure, to the extent possible, that the defects are corrected. In addition, procedures may need to be adjusted in accordance with the findings. The inspector reports to a person holding a superior position within the organization, but he or she should nevertheless try to solve the daily problems as and when they arise. Control of the surface treatment can be divided into four main types: control of substrate and steel structure before surface preparation control of surface preparation - control of degreasing - control of mechanical surface preparation control of paint application final control In order to obtain the best possible overview of the controls carried out a form can be used for each object to be pretreated and coated. Such forms and how they are filled in will be dealt with next. Reports In connection with quality control in the course of a project various types of reports are of great importance. Reporting can take place in a daily log. This is an sum- mary stating which object the log concerns and whether the requirements in the specification with respect to surface preparation and paint application have been met. The daily log is a form which the inspector must fill in during the project in order to be able to document the quality. If this task is part of an turkey contract, 300 Corrosion prorectionother parties to the project, for example the customer himself and the paint sup- plier, will have their own inspectors who control the same things. In order to allow production to proceed, the inspectors must all give their go-ahead at different stages in the course of the production. They can give such approval in the daily log by signing their name to an acceptance of the work carried out. Daily log ‘The daily log is a type of documentation which contains information on the object, surface preparation, paint application, etc. Figure 12.1 illustrates the layout of such forms and their contents. An enlarged copy of this form is found in connection with the control questions at the end of this chapter. ‘A properly designed daily log should contain information on rust grade and cleanliness degree of the steel climatic conditions during blast cleaning and painting type of abrasive and grain size used roughness batch number and type of paint film thickness per coat and total film thickness ‘SURFACE TREATMENT REPORT Bde Led. = ROOT 7 5 HEL peren Rises_ 03162 /2 Peon SP/M 1376 6 hss "Blast v Paint Hd. Surtees Prparation ae rm al Pal oP sone Fret TROT ee Balas Aan | Gast iron ont _|a.yn hy B sarh, Paina care TF 7 5a Bat na 03M Bee Dike a1 ¥4=1 6/434 faa a Nathed of appacation ' ines Virdes | prides | Artes | Ares Pema) bo | Mo | I4o | loo | 50 miei M5 pel" in] 10% | 20"| 44 4® | Pol rid dat Gora aph| Us ise ‘wl aye] ya (2 | es rewrnme Tm | ssl os | oe [ om aoe “| 23 [a3 [33 [23 [33 Saree: © a Figure 12.1 Reduced copy of a daily log 412 QuaLiTY MANAGEMENT 301.Itis important that all tests and controls of the finished paint (coating) are recorded in the daily log. Examples of such tests are curing test for zinc ethyl silicate primer, adhesion tests and holiday testing. The operator is important during the entire production process. When the opera- tor carries out work in accordance with the specification, the production may often. be slightly delayed. However, it is nevertheless important that the operator is aware of his professional responsibility and carries out the work in a systematic and proper manner. This is the best way to ensure that all quality requirements are fulfilled. ‘An example will now be given of how a daily log is used. Three pipes with the dimensions 20 mm x 500 mm x 10000 mm are to be produced. This example discusses what should be recorded in a daily log during pre-blasting preparation during surface preparation during paint application In the specification the following requirements have been laid down: The pipes must be maximum of rust grade B, they are to be blast cleaned to Sa 2%, and the requirement to roughness is Medium (G). The paint system consists of a zinc ethyl silicate primer followed by an epoxy tie coat and then an epoxy system applied in two coats. Company procedure Pre-blasting preparations Persons responsible for the quality make sure to record any damage to the pipes and whether this was removed by grinding. The pipes must then be degreased be- fore they are blast cleaned to the required cleanliness of Sa 2%. All necessary ififormation is noted in the daily log. Surface preparation The daily log must contain information about date and time for start and end of blast cleaning, information on abrasive, grain size, obtained degree of cleanliness and roughness. The cleanliness and roughness of the steel must be inspected and the log signed. The surface preparation may require approval for painting by the customer and the paint supplier. Painting The daily log must contain information about which types of paint have been used, colour and batch number, information about climatic conditions during application and possibly during curing, film thickness per coat and total film thickness. Addi- tionally, information on tests carried out in order to control the paint system must also be included. The pipes now move on in the production and are coated with zinc ethyl silicate paint. This is a paint requiring humidity in order to cure and it is important to document the actual curing conditions, such as air temperature, relative humidity of the air and steel temperature. Such conditions can be obtained by means of hot 302 Corrosion protectionsteaming of the pipes, for example at approximately 50°C and a relative humidity of the air close to 90-95%. Curing of zinc ethyl silicate paint must be tested before overcoating. This is carried out in accordance with the standard test method ASTM D 4752 (MEK test). If the zinc ethyl silicate paint has cured completely and the film thickness is correct in relation to the specification, the primer is approved. The pipes can now be applied with tie coat, intermediate coat and top coat. Often all parties involved in the project want to check the film thickness before they give their approvals for go-ahead. The specification contains requirements to, for example, the minimum film thick- ness, adhesion, appearance, etc. This is investigated, and the pipes can now be given the final approval. The reporting in the log is an important part of the information available about the work carried out and may be an important document in case of a possible complaint. Reporting in the form of the daily log has now been discussed. However, it may perhaps be necessary to write other types of reports, for example progress reports. nonconformity reports and technical reports. Progress reports Such reports aim to sum up the progress of the surface treatment of the pipes. typically on a weekly basis. The reports may contain information about problems and corrections carried out, especially if the same problems occur several times. Nonconformity reports In the course of most major projects some kind of problem will always arise. For example, in the production of pipes the problem can be that the zinc ethyl silicate paint has not cured sufficiently after 24 hours, or that the paint has been applied in a too high film thickness in some areas. It will then be necessary to initiate correc- tive actions in the form of extended curing time or blast cleaning. Such corrective actions demand that other persons involved in the production are informed about the estimated delay. Nonconformity reports may contain technical explanations, but the nature of the problem is in general limited and well-defined. Technical reports If faults are found in the production, it may be necessary to issue a technical report which investigates the faults more closely. If the fault is significant, the writing of the report can be assigned to an external technical consultant.This could be an independent third party with skilled personnel within the field of surface prepara- tion and paint application. 12 QuauiTy Manacement 303i i In a technical report the fault is explained in detail. The report should among other items include these subjects: title short description of the problem extent of damage investigations, instruments and standards repairs conclusion date and signature In order to provide the best possible description of the extent of damage it is often an advantage to enclose photographs. The photographs should be accompanied by an explanatory text in order to provide readers of the report with a good impression of the damage and where it is located. Control questions 1 Explain what is meant by a quality management system. Why is it important for a company to have an effective quality management system? 2. What is the difference between a specification and a procedure? 3 Make a proposal for a’ procedure which meets the requirements given in sec- tion 3.1 “Pre-blasting preparation” on page 298. 4 Make a proposal for a procedure which meets the requirements given in sec- tion 3.2 “Blast cleaning” on page 298. 5 During the production of six risers for the Loke-platform it is discovered that the paint system on all risers fails between third and fourth coat, Pull-off tests show that the fourth coat has extremely poor adhesion to the third coat. A breaking stfength of 1.5 MPa is measured. The nature of failure is adhesion fracture between third and fourth coats. In addition, a change in colour is also observed. The tp coats supposed tobe yellow, butte yellow top cost applied has got brownish discolorations on large parts of the pipes. 8) On the basis of the below information on surface preparation, paint sys- tems, workmanship and daily Jog you are to issue a technical report on the problems which have arisen. b) The damage must be repaired. Make a proposal for how this can be done in a proper, but reasonable manner. 304 Corrosion PROTECTIONAll surface preparation and paint application take place inside painting halls at Blast & Paint Ltd. in Bergen. The company has the following equipment: A blasting hall with recycling plant. (Ground plan dimensions of the blasting hall are 10 x 15 m). The capacity of the plant allows simultaneous use of four 200 kg machines. The recycling plant can be used for cast iron grit with grain sizes between 0.4-1.4 mm. Air conditioning is available. A painting hall. (Ground plan dimensions 10 x 15 m) There is a fixed installation of supply pipes for airless spraying where 2 x 2 opera- tors can apply two types of paint at the same time. Air conditioning is available. Surface preparation All surface preparation has been carried out in accordance with the specification and has been approved by the parties. Paint application All paint has been stirred and mixed by mechanical agitators before use. All paints have been applied by airless spraying. Daily log See the attached forms for the two jobs. Work procedtires The jobs have been carried out almost at the same time. Location in hall Maximum distance between pipes and module is approximately 3-4 m. Other assignments being carried out by the company - Work on a small module for the Huldra-oil platform is ongoing. 1.2 Quauiry Manacement 305Paint system for the Loke-platform risers Generic type, coal tar epoxy/epoxy NOUDALOWd NOISOHOD §9OE ‘Sirending ve mee Fie theses (ym) Recoating,ntanal, recommended data nin Sateee | coat) praductoame | Sots | Winner veaiment | no. cj Wet . Ory fe wat ec we «esto. | specs. | max. | specs. | atin [ator | atin. | ntox | atin. | nae | no. | MEX — 1 | cotaguord teeieck | 65 | 40 | so | 00 | 75 won| 7a | on | 3a | a6 | 20 130 2 | Cotaquars vero | 6s | 20 | 140 | 170 | 225 ~ [ren| 7a [en | 90 | 36 | 10 4 3 | Conaguors weiock | 65 | 120) 140 | vo] 2 | - wn | 74 | 6n | 34 | 96 | 10 45 Standard ts085021 | 4 | epoguorstewnie | se | 60 | 100 | 130 | 200 wn] - [en] - | a | 54 Roughness Medum(s) |~s | Epogvardtcvetow | so | «0 | so | oo | to | - | - 36 | 10 100 Tota ry ln thickness (ym) | 400 | 480 | 610 Data regaraing apoication, see echnical data sheet Paint system for module for the Huldra-platform Generic type, zinc ethyl silicate/epoxy/polyurethane oe Fm thickness (vm) Recoating, interval, recommended data Spreng ae Suteco | Cost) product name | slide Thinner vreatment | ‘no. . aa 7 ry fim wet sc we axe win. | specs. | mtox | specs. | win. | sox. | win} Mos. | win. | Max} No. | MBX ‘Swondard |_1 | Zneniie2aGrey | 60 | 50 | 00 | 0 | to [sen] - [on| - | wn| - | 6 | 10 700 150 850% Ciooniness | 2 | Epotle 25 Red si [a] » | «| a | - an{re{en| - | 36 | 4 179 Sez 3 | EposwyH@eemge | 5 | oo | oo | 0 | 10 | - | - frm] - | en] - | 36 | 10 68 Standard woes: [4 | Epoquarsnewme | 5¢ | 60 | 00 | 130] to | - | - [wn| - [on| - | x6 | 68 Roughness Mesum(G) | 5 | EpoguardTcyeiow | 50 | «0 | 50 | 60 | 100 a6 | 10 100 Total ary tim eaves tum | 235 | 300 | 450 (Data regarding application, see technical data sheetSURFACE TREATMENT REPORT Hyd, Li. a POET 173 HEEL = Rises 0362/2 Pen St/M 1376 6 ses Blast x taint Hd. ‘Surface Preparation a undan =i ae Pal oP adore noe ER FUROR ti pe —— Rarer ee ome (G) | (ast iron gnt |oymit — Bsa rh ae: 7 5 | Papa ene 7193-1 |EG-b193-1 cae Fr name ioe ST VAirdess [Avrdess | Aredess | Arie it rere Ee lie | le ae aman We (po onl 5 [0 [5 Jo] 14 4 | Pola. Pai de ie as | 948" Ys isn told 2y| ¥4 (2 Lan. pevcmmer Tm | os | os | oe | of a “[ a3 [aa [a3 [23 | 23 basehned Ty a2 [22 | 22 | 22 22 poe “Tal | 1¢ | BR in | tere | [reo | 000 | Le0e | 1000 emer | bo [holyvel $20 rz6)| %20((o0)| 45> Go0)| Ola memes TF _aolide] 350 C0) | Yoo (io)| 20 orl ? Ole. merernsns FT 0_|2ool¥0) 34 (ite) | 450 Cuey|510 (b0)] F2 Ole hareao UP Te Tract bet. 3x4 cons cisliiaiad 7 laa RT aay ae a Es i Wy omar] pa S| =H ea Source: NorwegianTechnological Institute 12 Quatiry ManacementT 307NOUOaLONd NOISOHNOD BOE BLAST & PAINT LTD (CLIENT: ‘CORROSION PROTECTION Seam Oi reportna: 2416 (23 Bl "ACE TREATMENT ‘Approvals during work in progress: Blast deaning: [BaP | Gent | Contr. | Sabe- Raradract dane: “73 0K | sat carne: 28/39 tend date: 28/3 eter Degreasing agent 2273 aireoive: CAF Ton GAP Steel temp 20 ihe. [Grain size: OWL wang [Dew point RE [Gieertiness = 180 8601-1: Sq Hp] Roughness — 150 8503:1: Thad (@) _ [Ret Humic %: 5D ha An PAINT SYS ro fram fe PT Fe eer : fellas ne 52 ued 2951 12*| 28 | 22 [ye] 55 | lm Rs | Co | RH Tn 0 5 ROT tee “ 1393112" | 23 | 92 | ¢| 55 (1009) 11691 (40) Rud ve la™| 23 | 22 |i 6p | 80 [eM asi Y dpe ave 4 | or | 23 | 22. | v2] 50 | 5 BENS oe f “QUALITY CONTROL OF PAINT FILM Fouring of zine ett licate: 293 20" - dais 2Y" ase Jes ke ons SOA = ae BOTON Holiday testing _—— [Otrer toate - General rear FINAL APPROVAL (Sign., date) Source: Norwegian Technological Institute6 Surface preparation and painting of the Loke-platform risers and the Huldra- platform module take place within the same period of time. Therefore, take a look at both daily logs when you answer this question. During painting of the Huldra-module, in the period 31.03.-03.04, the paint supplier's inspector is taken ill while the customer's inspector is away for an inspection in another part of the country. During this period problems with manning the operations arise so that un- skilled workers are hired to apply the second coat. The coat is applied in 100 um, (Compare the paint specification and the daily log). The result of work carried out is that a number of smal] and large pores are formed in the paint. a) You must write a technical report to clarify the reasons for the formation of small and large pores in the paint. b) Make a proposal for how the damage can be repaired. 12 Quaury management 309