NS32 - Session 1 - Handouts - 2 Per

AISC Night School Design of Industrial Structures
August 8, 2023 Session 1: Introduction to Industrial Structures
Night School 32:

Industrial Structure
Design
Thank you for joining our live

webinar. We will begin shortly.
Please standby.
Industrial Structure Design, Session 1: Introduction to Industrial

Structures
August 8, 2023 | Tim Bickel, PE
Today’s live webinar will begin shortly. Please stand by.
© Copyright 2023 1
American Institute of Steel Construction
Today’s live webinar will begin shortly. Please stand by.
Today’s audio will be broadcast through the internet. Please be sure to turn
up the volume on your speakers.
Please type any questions or comments in the Q&A window.
Industrial Structure Design, Session 1:

Introduction to Industrial Structures
August 8, 2023 | Tim Bickel, PE
© Copyright 2023 2
Night School 32: Industrial Structure Design

Session 1: Introduction to Industrial Structures
August 8, 2023
Tim Bickel, PE
Vice President
CSD Structural Engineers
Milwaukee, WI
Session Description
32.1 Introduction to Industrial Structures
August 8, 2023
This session will introduce the topic of industrial buildings and structures and
an overview of the course outline, exploring the unique features of industrial
structures. It will also introduce the example problem that will be used
throughout the course and an overview of loading used for the example
problem.
© Copyright 2023 3
Learning Objectives
• Participants will understand how industrial buildings and structures differ

from commercial and residential structures.
• Participants will understand resource documents for loading and other
information about industrial structures.
• Participants will start working through the example problem that will be used
throughout the course.
Session 1 Outline
1. Overview of course
2. Key Features of industrial structures
3. Loads on industrial structures
4. Reference materials for industrial structures
5. Introduction to example problem
© Copyright 2023 4
Session 1 Outline
Course Overview – Session 2

Primary and Secondary Structural Systems
1. Design process Overview

2. Building layout and its impact on
system selection.
3. Primary framing systems used in
Industrial Crane Runway structures.
4. Secondary framing systems used in
Industrial Crane Runway structures
© Copyright 2023 5

Introduction to Crane Runway Structures
1. Cranes & runway structures

2. Codes, standards, guides
3. Loading and Load Combinations
4. Serviceability
5. Runway girders types and connections
6. Tolerances
7. Runway Upgrades

Design of Crane Runway Structures
1. Design example set-up.

2. Crane runway girder types.
3. Crane runway girder connections.
© Copyright 2023 6

Non-building Structures and Equipment Support Structures
1. Definition, Examples of non-building structures

2. Loading and special considerations
3. Design examples

Connections for Industrial Structures
1. AISC manual provisions –industrial structures

2. Typical connection types, common details
3. Design Examples
10
© Copyright 2023 7

Constructability for Industrial Structures
1. What is it?
2. Design considerations
3. Fabrication considerations
4. Erection considerations
5. Design examples and recommendations
11

Fatigue, Inspections, and Maintenance for Industrial Structures
1. Fatigue theory
2. Factors affecting fatigue performance
3. Design with the AISC specification
4. Expected performance of selected details
5. Inspections and maintenance
12
© Copyright 2023 8
Session 1 Outline
13
Key Features of Industrial Structures
Typical Structures:
Human Focus
Designed by Freepik
Image by Vecstock
14
© Copyright 2023 9
Typical Structures: Industrial Structures:

Human Focus Equipment Focus
Designed by Freepik
Image by Vecstock
15

Approach
Typical Structures
Owner
Architect
Engineer
16
© Copyright 2023 10

Approach
Typical Structures Industrial Structures
Owner Owner
Architect Equipment OEM
Engineer Engineer
Architect
17

Materials
18

Materials
Steel!
19

Materials
Steel
• Availability
• Flexibility
• Strength
• Volume (small)
• Connections
• Retrofit Capability
• Ease of Inspection
20

Configuration
Typical Structure Industrial Structure
21
Session 1 Outline
22
Loads on Industrial Structures
23

Collateral Load
• Ducts
24

Collateral Load
• Ducts
• Piping/Conduit
25

Roof Live Load
Adapted from ASCE7-16
26

Floor Live Load
Typical Structures
Designed by Freepik
Image by Sketchepdia
27

Floor Live Load
Typical Structures Industrial Structures
Designed by Freepik
Image by Sketchepdia
28

Environmental Loads
29

Snow Load
30

Snow Load
31

Snow Load
• Thermal Factor
32

Snow Load
• Thermal Factor
• Drifting
33

Wind Load
34

Wind Load
35

Wind Load
36

Wind Load
Enclosed
37

Wind Load
Enclosed Other Categories
38

Wind Load
Enclosed Other Categories Partially Enclosed
39

Wind Load
Open Structures
40

Seismic Load
Designed by Freepik
Image by brgfx
41

Seismic Load
42

Seismic Load
“Most earthquake-induced building damage is a result of building response to ground shaking.

When the ground shakes at a building site, the building’s foundations will vibrate in a similar
manner to the surrounding ground. Because all structures have mass – and therefore, inertia – as
well as some flexibility, the structure will lag behind somewhat when the ground and foundations
begin to move. That is, the base of the structure will displace, both laterally and vertically, relative
to the elevated floors and roof. Then, because the structure has stiffness, the relative displacement
induced in the structure will produce forces, which then will produce further deformation of the
structure. This process will repeat throughout the duration of the earthquake, with floors and roof
moving relative to the ground and to each other. Once the ground shaking stops, damping in the
structure will eventually dissipate the energy delivered to it by the earthquake, and the structure
will come to rest.”
AISC Facts for Steel Buildings – Number 3
Earthquakes and Seismic Design by Ronald Hamburger
43

Seismic Load
44

Seismic Load
45

Seismic Load
46

Seismic Load
Key Differences related to Seismic Design
47

Seismic Load

• Unique Framing System
– Laced Columns
48

Seismic Load

– Laced Columns
• Unique Geometry
– Tall, one-story structure
49

Seismic Load

– Laced Columns
• Unique Geometry
– Tall, one-story structure
• Large Masses at high elevations
50

Seismic Load
51

Seismic Load
• 170’ tall tower

• ~12 floor levels
• Special Moment Frame
– R=8
52

Seismic Load

– R=8
53

Seismic Load

– R=8
54

Seismic Load
• Concentrically braced frame

• Special – R=6
– Height Limit = 160’
• Ordinary – R= 3 1/4
– Height Limit = 35’
55

Seismic Load
Typical Mill Building

• Seismic Design Category D
• Height = 50’
56

Seismic Load
Typical Mill Building

• Seismic Design Category D
• Height = 50’
57

Seismic Load
Longitudinal Elevation
58

Seismic Load
Longitudinal Direction – Concentrically Braced Frame
59

Seismic Load
Cross Section
60

Seismic Load
Transverse Direction– Moment Frame
61

Seismic Load
62

Seismic Load
Sources of Seismic Weight

• Roof
– Dead Load
– Equipment
• Crane
• Piping Loads
• Column self-weight
63

Seismic Load
64

Seismic Load
65

Seismic Load
Longitudinal Direction – Concentrically Braced Frame (Chapter 12)
66

Seismic Load

• OCBF
67

Seismic Load

• SCBF
68

Seismic Load
Chapter 12
“single story structures whose purpose is to enclose equipment or machinery and whose
occupants are engaged in maintenance or monitoring of that equipment, machinery, or their
associated processes . . . “
ASCE7-16 Section 12.2.5.6.1a
Chapter 11
“ . . . structure that is designed and constructed in a manner similar to buildings, responds to
strong ground motion in a fashion similar to buildings, and has a basic lateral and vertical seismic
force-resisting system . . .” (similar to buildings – implied)
ASCE7-16 Section 11.2 (Definitions)
69

Seismic Load
70

Seismic Load

• OCBF
71

Seismic Load

• OCBF (permitted height increase) or SCBF
72

Seismic Load

• OCBF (unlimited height)
73

Seismic Load

• OCBF (unlimited height)
74

Seismic Load
75

Seismic Load
Transverse Direction – Moment Frame (Chapter 12)
76

Seismic Load

• OMF
77

Seismic Load

• IMF
78

Seismic Load

• SMF
79

Seismic Load

80

Seismic Load

• SMF

81

Seismic Load

• IMF

82

Seismic Load

• OMF

83

Seismic Load

• OMF

84

Load Combinations
85

Load Combinations
86

Load Combinations
87

Load Combinations
Adapted from AISC Design Guide 7
88
Session 1 Outline
89
Reference Materials
Building Code
90
Reference Materials
Guides
91
Reference Materials
Guides
92
Reference Materials
General Reference
93
Session 1 Outline
94
Example Problem Introduction

Project Overview
Steel Processing Facility – Eastern North Carolina

• 480’ Long x 125’ Wide
• (1) Crane with 65-ton Capacity
• 30’-0” Crane Rail Height
• 50’-0” Roof Eave Height
• Designed for Future Expansion
95

Project Overview
• Single Crane Aisle with 110’-0” Crane Rail Spacing

• (12) 40’ Bays
96

Project Overview
Structural Components
• Roof Truss
• Upper Shaft
• Wind Column
• Cross Member
• Crane Column
• Building Column
• Lacing
97

Frame Line
Load Path
Uniform Loads
• Roof Loads
– Joist and Roof Deck Self-Weight
– Roof Live Load
– Snow Load
– Wind Loads
• Wall Loads
– Wall Girt and Wall Panel Self-Weight
– Wind Loads
98

Load Path
Frame Line
• Roof Loads
99

Load Path
Frame Line
• Roof Loads
• Wall Loads
100

Load Path
Frame Line
• Roof Loads
• Wall Loads
• Crane Loads
101

Load Path
Frame Line
• Roof Loads
• Wall Loads
• Crane Loads
• Piping Loads
102

Load Path
Frame Line
• Roof Loads
• Wall Loads
• Crane Loads
• Piping Loads
• Wind Loads
103

Load Path
Frame Line
• Roof Loads
• Wall Loads
• Crane Loads
• Piping Loads
• Wind Loads
• Seismic Loads
104

Load Path
End Wall Wind Loads

• Girts
105

Load Path
End Wall Wind Loads

• Girts
• Wind Column
106

Load Path
End Wall Wind Loads

• Girts
• Wind Column
107

Load Path
End Wall Wind Loads

• Girts
• Wind Column
• Sway Frame
108

Load Path
End Wall Wind Loads

• Girts
• Wind Column
• Sway Frame
• Strut Joist
109

Load Path
End Wall Wind Loads

• Girts
• Wind Column
• Sway Frame
• Strut Joist
• Roof Strap Bracing
110

Load Path
End Wall Wind Loads

• Girts
• Wind Column
• Sway Frame
• Strut Joist
• Roof Strap Bracing
• Down-Aisle Vertical Bracing
111

Frame Line
Loads
Roof Gravity Loads to Frame Line

• Roof Dead Load
– Roof Deck Weight = 2 psf
– Roof Joist Self-Weight ≈ 3 psf
– Total Roof Dead Load = 5 psf
– Roof Truss Self-Weight ≈ 100 plf
• Roof Collateral Load
– Miscellaneous Piping / Electrical = 5 psf
• Roof Live Load = 20 psf (Non-reducible)
112

Frame Line
Loads

• Roof Snow Load
– Roof Slope (1/2 : 12) = 2.38° - Use pf
– pf = 0.7*Ce*Ct*IS*pg
– Ce = 0.9 (Terrain Category C, Fully Exposed)
– Ct = 1.2 (Unheated)
– Is = 1.0 (Risk Category II)
– Ground Snow Load, pg = 10 psf
– pf = 0.7*0.9*1.2*1.0*10 psf = 7.6 psf
– Minimum Snow Load, pm = Is*pg = 10 psf
113
Example Problem Introduction WD

WC
WLr
Loads WS

• Tributary Width = 40’-0”
• WD = 5 psf*40’ + 100 plf = 300 plf
• WC = 5 psf*40’ = 200 plf
• WLr = 20 psf*40’ = 800 plf
• WS = 10 psf*40’ = 400 plf
114

Loads
Wall Gravity Loads to Frame Line

• Wall Weight ≈ 4 psf
– Wall Panel + Girt Self-Weight
• Frame load = 4 psf*40’ = 160plf
• P1,D = 4 psf*40’*50’ = 8.0 k
• P2,D = 4 psf*40’*44.75’ = 7.2 k
115

Loads
Crane Loads
• Dead Load, Cd
• Lifted Load, Cvs
• Lateral Load, Css
116

Loads
Piping Loads
• Load = 500 plf
• Pc = 500 plf *40’/2 = 10 k
117

Loads
Wind Loads
• Basic Wind Speed = 140 mph
• Risk Category = II
• Wind Exposure Category = C
• Roof Mean Height, h = 50’-0”
• Use Directional Procedure for Enclosed Rigid Buildings (ASCE 7 Chapter 27)
118

Loads
Wind Loads
• Velocity Pressure, qh
– qh = 0.00256*Kh*Kzt*Kd*V2
– Kh = 1.09
– Kzt = 1.0 (Flat Surrounding Terrain)
– Kd = 0.85
– V = 140 mph
– qh = 0.00256*1.09*1.0*0.85*1402 = 46.5 psf
119

Loads
Wind Loads
• Design Wind Pressure, p
– p = q*G*CP – qi(GCpi)
[External Pressure – Internal Pressure]
– q = qh = 46.5 psf (Simplified)
– G = 0.85
– L/B = 125’ / 480’ = 0.26
– Windward Wall, Cp,ww = 0.8
– Leeward Wall, Cp, lw = -0.5
– Sidewall, Cp, sw = -0.7
120

Loads
Wind Loads
– P = q*G*CP – qi(GCpi)
– Roof Slope (1/2 : 12) = 2.38°
– h/L = 50’/125’ = 0.4
– Roof 1 (0’ to 50’), Cp,r1 = -0.9, -0.18
– Roof 2 (50’ to 100’), Cp,r2 = -0.5, -0.18
– Roof 3 (100’ to 125’), Cp,r3 = -0.3, -0.18
– For Internal Pressures, qi = qh , GCpi = ± 0.18 (Enclosed Building)
121

Loads
Wind Loads
– p = q*G*CP – qi(GCpi)
[External Pressure – Internal Pressure]
– Windward Wall, pww = 46.5 psf*0.85*0.8 = 31.6 psf (Simplified)
– Leeward Wall, plw = 46.5 psf*0.85*-0.5 = -19.8 psf
– Roof 1 (0 to 50’), pr1 = 46.5 psf*0.85*(-0.9 or -0.18) = -35.6 psf, -7.1 psf
– Roof 2 (50’ to 100’), pr2 = 46.5 psf*0.85*(-0.5 or -0.18) = -19.8 psf, -7.1 psf
– Roof 3 (100’ to 125’), pr3 = 46.5 psf*0.85*(-0.3 or -0.18) = -11.8 psf, -7.1 psf
– Internal Pressure = 46.5 psf*±0.18 = ± 8.4 psf
122

Loads
Wind Loads
123

Loads
Wind Loads to Frame Line

• Windward Wall, Www = 31.6 psf*40’ = 1,264 plf
• Leeward Wall, Wlw = -19.8 psf*40’ = -792 plf
• Roof 1, Wr1 = (-35.6 psf or -7.1 psf)*40’ = -1,424 plf or -284 plf
• Roof 2 , Wr2 = (-19.8 psf or -7.1 psf)*40’ = -792 plf or -284 plf
• Roof 3 , Wr3 = (-11.8 psf or -7.1 psf)*40’= -472 plf or -284 plf
• Internal Pressure, WInt = ±8.4 psf*40’ = ± 336 plf
124

Loads
Wind Loads
125

Loads
Wind Loads
• Sidewall, Cp, sw = -0.7
• psw = 46.5 psf*0.85*-0.7 = -27.7 psf
126

Loads
Seismic – Design Response Spectrum

• SS = 0.114g, S1 = 0.055
• Site Class D
• Fa = 1.6
• Fv = 2.4
• Sms = Fa*Ss = 1.6*.114 = 0.182g
• Sm1 = Fv*S1 = 2.4*.055 = 0.132g
127

Loads
Seismic – Design Response Spectrum

• SDS = 2/3*Sms = 2/3*0.182 = 0.121g
• SD1 = 2/3*Sm1 = 2/3*0.132 = 0.088g
• Risk Category II
• Seismic Design Category B
128

Loads
Seismic Force Resisting System (ASCE 7 Table 12.2-1)
14.1.2.2.1 Exception  AISC 360

129

Loads
Seismic Analytical Procedure
130

Loads
Seismic – ELF Procedure

• V = Cs*W
• Cs = SDS / (R/Ie)
• R=3
• Ie = 1.0
• Cs = 0.121/(3/1) = 0.040
• W = Effective Seismic Weight
131

Loads
Effective Seismic Weights, W

• Roof, WR = (WD+WC)*125’/2
= (300 + 200)*125’/2 = 31.25 k
• Crane, WC,max = 91.2 k,
WC,min = 71.1 k
• Piping, WP = 2*Pc = 20 k
132

Loads
Seismic Lateral Loads, Eh

• Roof, Eh,R = .04*31.25k =1.3 k
• Crane, Eh,Cmax = .04*91.2k =3.6 k
Eh,Cmin = .04*71.1k =2.8 k
• Piping, Eh,P = .04*20 k =0.8k
133

Load Combinations
Adapted from AISC Design Guide 7
134
Session 1 Outline
135
Learning Objectives
• Participants will understand how industrial buildings and structures differ

from commercial and residential structures.
• Participants will understand resource documents for loading and other
information about industrial structures.
• Participants will start working through the example problem that will be used
throughout the course.
136
AISC | Questions?
Group Registrants – 8 session package

PDH Certificates
•Register all attendees before the webinar, register coworkers to give them access to their own webinar
connection and certificate (e.g. work-from-home).
•All registrants must be pre-registered and participate from their own connection. For Night School, we no
longer offer the option to register attendees (report attendance) after the webinar.
•All group participants have the option to watch live sessions on Tuesday evenings. Or watch the recordings
and take/pass a quiz for PDH credit. Access the quiz and recording 48 hours after the live session at
learning.aisc.org. Log in to your account, then access your course.
•One certificate will be issued at the conclusion of all 8 sessions.
Individual Registrants: 8 session package

PDH Certificates
•All individual registrants have the option to watch live sessions on Tuesday evenings. Or watch the
recordings and take/pass a quiz for PDH credit. Access the quiz and recording 48 hours after the live session
at learning.aisc.org. Log in to your account, then access your course.
•One certificate will be issued at the conclusion of all 8 sessions.
All Registrants
Access to the recording | Access to the quiz | Access to attendance
records
Go to learning.aisc.org.
- Click on the session drop-down menu, then choose recording, quiz, or credits.
All Registrants
Access to the recording | Access to the quiz | Access to attendance
records
Go to learning.aisc.org.
- Click on the session drop-down menu, then choose recording, quiz, or credits.
All Registrants
Reasons for quiz

• Certificate of Completion – You must pass 7 of 8 quizzes and the final exam to receive certificate of
completion.
• PDHs – If you watch a recorded session or did not watch at your own connection, you must pass quiz for
PDHs.
• REINFORCEMENT – Reinforce what you learn tonight. Get more out of the course.
Note: If you attend the live presentation at your own connection, you do not
have to take the quizzes to receive PDHs
All Registrants
PDHs via recording
If you watch a recorded session or watched at someone else’s connection, you must take and pass the quiz
for PDHs.
8-Session Registrants
Night School Resources
Find all your handouts, quizzes and quiz scores, recording access, and
attendance information all in one place!
learning.aisc.org
AISC | Thank you

NS32 - Session 1 - Handouts - 2 Per

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

NS32 - Session 1 - Handouts - 2 Per

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AISC Night School Design of Industrial Structures

August 8, 2023 Session 1: Introduction to Industrial Structures

Night School 32:

Thank you for joining our live

Industrial Structure Design, Session 1: Introduction to Industrial

Today’s live webinar will begin shortly. Please stand by.

Today’s live webinar will begin shortly. Please stand by.

Please type any questions or comments in the Q&A window.

Industrial Structure Design, Session 1:

Night School 32: Industrial Structure Design

• Participants will understand how industrial buildings and structures differ

Course Overview – Session 2

1. Design process Overview

Course Overview – Session 3

1. Cranes & runway structures

Course Overview – Session 4

1. Design example set-up.

Course Overview – Session 5

1. Definition, Examples of non-building structures

Course Overview – Session 6

1. AISC manual provisions –industrial structures

Course Overview – Session 7

Course Overview – Session 8

Key Features of Industrial Structures

Key Features of Industrial Structures

Typical Structures: Industrial Structures:

Key Features of Industrial Structures

Key Features of Industrial Structures

Typical Structures Industrial Structures

Architect Equipment OEM

Key Features of Industrial Structures

Key Features of Industrial Structures

Key Features of Industrial Structures

Key Features of Industrial Structures

Typical Structure Industrial Structure

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Adapted from ASCE7-16

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Typical Structures Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Adapted from ASCE7-16

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Enclosed Other Categories

Loads on Industrial Structures

Enclosed Other Categories Partially Enclosed

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

Loads on Industrial Structures

“Most earthquake-induced building damage is a result of building response to ground shaking.

Loads on Industrial Structures