NS32 - Session 4 - Handouts - 2 Per

AISC Night School Industrial Structure Design
August 29, 2023 Session 4: Design of Crane Runway Structures
Night School 32:

Industrial Structure
Design
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Industrial Structure Design

Session 4: Design of Crane Runway Structures
August 29, 2023 | Craig Buechel, PE
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Industrial Structure Design

August 29, 2023 | Craig Buechel, PE
© Copyright 2023 2
Night School 32: Industrial Structure Design

August 29, 2023
Craig Buechel, PE
Vice President
CSD Structural Engineers
Milwaukee, WI
Session Description
32.4 Design of Crane Runway Structures
August 29, 2023
This session will discuss the different types of crane runway beams/girders
and work through design examples of some of these types. The presentation
will also discuss crane runway girder/beam end connections and work
through examples of some typical connections.
© Copyright 2023 3
Learning Objectives
• Participants will understand different types of crane runway girders.

• Participants will be able to apply design concepts related to crane runway
girders.
Session 4 Outline
1. Design example set-up.

2. Crane runway girder types.
3. Crane runway girder connections.
© Copyright 2023 4
Session 4 Outline
1. Design example Set-up.

Design Procedure
AISC Design Guide 7 – Industrial Building Design
• Chapter 14 – Crane Runway Design highlights an
approach that is similar to the following.
© Copyright 2023 5
Design Procedure
1. Determine the required moments of inertia, Ix and Iy, to satisfy the deflection criteria.
2. Determine the applied forces.
3. Determine the applied forces due to the controlling load combinations.
4. Determine axial and flexural strength of chosen design section.
5. Check design section for combined forces from load combinations.
6. Check design section for major and minor axis shear.
7. Check design section for concentrated loads.
8. If applicable, design welds between W-shape and reinforcing, or between plates of a
plate girder.
9. Check design section for fatigue if applicable.
10. Check welds for fatigue if applicable.
Load Cases and Load Combinations

AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Guide for the Design
and Construction of Mill Buildings (AIST TR13)
© Copyright 2023 6
AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Cases

• Vertical Loads (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.1)
Cds: Crane dead load for a single crane with crane trolley positioned to
produce the maximum load effect for the element under consideration (Crane
bridge, end trucks, and trolley).
Cdm: Crane dead load for multiple cranes with crane bridges and crane trolleys
positioned to produce the maximum load effect for the element under
consideration.
Cvs: Crane lifted load for a single crane with crane trolley positioned to produce the
maximum load effect for the element in consideration.
Cvm: Crane lifted load for multiple cranes with crane bridges and crane trolleys
positioned to produce the maximum load effect for the element in consideration.
Ci: Vertical Impact due to a single crane in one aisle only.
AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Cases

• Lateral Loads (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.1)
Css: Crane side thrust from a single crane.
Cls: Longitudinal crane tractive loads from a single crane.
Cbs: Bumper impact due to a single crane in one aisle only at 100% speed.
10
© Copyright 2023 7
AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Combinations

• LRFD Combinations (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.2.1)
11

• LRFD Combinations (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.2.1)
12
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• ASD Combinations (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.2.2)
13

• ASD Combinations (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.2.2)
14
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Example Crane Information
175 LBS 15
Example Crane Information

• Type of Crane Control: Cab Operated
• Crane Capacity = 65 tons = 130 kips
• Crane Class: CMAA Class E
• Crane Span = 110’-0” centerline of rail to centerline of rail
• Hoist and Trolley Weight = 26,000 lbs
• Total Crane Weight = 190,000 lbs (includes hoist and trolley weight).
• End Truck Wheel Spacing = 5’-9”, 5’-11”, 5’-9”
• Maximum Wheel Load = P = 62 kips (without impact) = Cds,max + Cvs,max
- Maximum Wheel Load, Crane Dead Load = P, Cds = 26.7 kips /wheel
- Maximum Wheel Load, Crane Lifted Load = P, Cvs = 35.3 kips /wheel
16
© Copyright 2023 10
Example Crane Information (Continued)

• Vertical Impact Factor, ASCE 7, Section 4.9.3 = 25%
- Crane Vertical Impact = P, Ci = 62 kips (0.25) = 15.5 kips /wheel
• Crane Side Thrust, maximum of the following (consider 50% distribution to
each side of the crane runway):
- ASCE 7, Section 4.9.4, 20% of sum of crane capacity and weight of hoist and trolley
= 0.20 (130 kips + 26.0 kips) / 8 wheels = 3.9 kips /wheel
- AIST TR13, Section 3.7.2.1, 40% of the crane capacity
= 0.40 (130 kips) / 8 wheels = 6.5 kips /wheel
- AIST TR13, Section 3.7.2.3, 10% of sum of crane capacity and total crane weight
= 0.10 (130 kips + 190 kips) / 8 wheels = 4.0 kips /wheel
17

• Vertical Impact Factor, ASCE 7, Section 4.9.3 = 25%
- Crane Vertical Impact = P, Ci = 62 kips (0.25) = 15.5 kips /wheel
• Crane Side Thrust, maximum of the following (consider 50% distribution to
each side of the crane runway):
- ASCE 7, Section 4.9.4, 20% of sum of crane capacity and weight of hoist and trolley
= 0.20 (130 kips + 26.0 kips) / 8 wheels = 3.9 kips /wheel
- AIST TR13, Section 3.7.2.1, 40% of the crane capacity
= 0.40 (130 kips) / 8 wheels = 6.5 kips /wheel Controls
- AIST TR13, Section 3.7.2.3, 10% of sum of crane capacity and total crane weight
= 0.10 (130 kips + 190 kips) / 8 wheels = 4.0 kips /wheel
18

• Longitudinal Crane Tractive Load (AIST TR13, Table 3.2) = 20 % of maximum
load on driven wheels
- Longitudinal Crane Tractive = P, Cls = 62 kips (0.20) (2 driven wheels)
= 24.8 kips
• Crane Bumper Impact, provided by crane supplier
- Crane Bumper Impact = P, Cbs = 135 kips
19
• Maximum Wheel Load = P = 62 kips (without impact) = Cds,max + Cvs,max

- Maximum Wheel Load, Crane Dead Load = P, Cds = 26.7 kips /wheel
- Maximum Wheel Load, Crane Lifted Load = P, Cvs = 35.3 kips /wheel
• Crane Vertical Impact = P, Ci = 15.5 kips /wheel
• Crane Side Thrust = PL, Css = 6.5 kips /wheel
20
Session 4 Outline

21
Crane Runway Girder Types

• Crane Runway Girders - Types
22
Crane Runway Girders

Types
• W-Shape
23

Types
• W-Shape
• W-Shape with Cap Channel
24

Types
• W-Shape
25

Types
• W-Shape
• W-Shape with Angles
26

Types
• W-Shape
• Plate Girder
27

Types
• W-Shape
• Plate Girder
• Girder with Back-Up Truss
28

Types
• W-Shape
• Plate Girder
• Girder with Back-Up Beam
29

Types
• W-Shape
• Plate Girder
30

Types
• W-Shape
• Plate Girder
31
Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Design Parameters:
• Span= 40 feet (simple span)
• ASCE 175 lb/yard rail (58.3 plf)
• Combined rail clips and electrification weight = 50 plf
Material Properties:
• W Beam – ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi, Fu = 65 ksi
• Angles – ASTM A572, Fy = 50ksi, Fu = 65 ksi
32
Design Procedure
plate girder.
33

Deflection Criteria
• Vertical Deflection:
– AIST: L/1000 (CMAA Class E-F crane) = 480 in/1000 = 0.48 in
– Considering load cases: Cds + Cvs
• Lateral Deflection:
– CMAA & AIST: L/400 = 480 in/400 = 1.20 in
– Considering load case: Css
Determine design proportions to meet deflection requirements:
34

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest deflections
18.52 ft 2.96 ft 18.52 ft
12.77 ft 5.75 ft 2.96 ft 2.96 ft 5.75 ft 9.81 ft
40 ft
35

Required minimum moments of inertia to meet deflection criteria (using beam
analysis software):
• Ix, req’d = 35,418 in4
• Iyc, req’d = 1,485 in4
36

Design Section to Consider:
• W Beam – W36x441, weight = 441 plf
• Angles – L6x6x3/4, weight = 28.7 plf
• Total Section Weight = 498.4 plf
37

Design Section Combined Properties (using section analysis software):
A = 146.9 in2 d = 38.9 in rx = 15.62 in

Ix = 35,830 in4 tw = 1.36 in ry = 5.11 in
Iyc = 2,828 in4 bf = 17.0 in rt = 6.54 in
Iyt = 999 in4 tf = 2.44 in kdes = 3.39 in
Sxc = 2,025 in3 Zx = 2,077.4 in3 y1 = 21.21 in
Sxt = 1,690 in3 Zyc = 301 in3 Qx = 114.2 in3 (per angle)
Syc = 236 in3 Zyt = 176 in3 Qy = 86.6 in3 (per angle)
Syt = 118 in3
38
Design Procedure
plate girder.
39

Determined Applied Forces
• Dead, D
wD = 58.3 plf + 50 plf + 498.4 plf = 606.7 plf
VD = 12.1 kips
MD = 121.3 kip-ft
40

Determine Applied Forces:
• Crane Lateral – Consider amplification for vertical rail eccentricity
- AIST TR13, Section 5.8.1
- “Out-of-plane forces are a result of crane lateral wheel loads applied to
the head of the crane rail, above the top flange of the crane girder. The
eccentricity of these lateral forces results in torsional moments at the
rail-to-top flange interface.”
41

P
e
e+h e
Peff, Top = P Peff, Top
h Peff, Top
(6+2.44/2) + (38.9−2.44) hf
Peff, Top = P hf
(38.9 − 2.44)
Peff, Top = P (1.198) Peff, Bott Peff, Bott
Peff, Bott = P (0.198)

42

• Longitudinal crane tractive loads, Cls
Hls = Pls = 24.8 kips (tension or compression)
Mls = Pls * e
= 24.8 kips (38.9 in+6 in)/12
= 92.8 kip-ft
Vls = Mls / span
= 92.8 kip-ft / 40 ft
= 2.3 kips
43

• Bumper impact due to a single crane, Cbs
Hbs = Pbs = 135 kips (tension)
Mbs = Pbs * e = 135 kips (38.9 in+6 in+24 in)/12
= 775.1 kip-ft
Vbs = Mbs / span
= 775.1 kip-ft / 40 ft
= 19.4 kips
44

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest bending moments
18.52 ft 2.96 ft 18.52 ft
12.77 ft 5.75 ft 2.96 ft 2.96 ft 5.75 ft 9.81 ft
40 ft
45

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest shears
5.75 ft 5.92 ft 5.75 ft 22.58 ft
40 ft
46

Applied forces:
Load
Vx Vy Mx Myc Myt P
Case
D 12.1 k 121.3 kip-ft
Cds 83.6 k 762.3 kip-ft
Cvs 110.4 k 1,007.9 kip-ft
Ci 48.5 k 442.6 kip-ft
Css 24.3 k (t) 222.4 kip-ft 36.7 kip-ft
4.0 k (c)
Cls 2.3 k 92.8 kip-ft 24.8 k (T or C)
Cbs 19.4 k 775.1 kip-ft 135 k (T)
47
Design Procedure
plate girder.
48

LRFD Load Combination forces (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.2.1):
• Combination 2b: 1.2(D+Cds)+1.6(Cvs+Css+Cls)
• Combination 2c: 1.2(D+Cds)+1.6(Cvs+Ci+Cls)
• Combination 8: 1.2(D+Cds)+1.0Cvs+1.0Cbs
Load
Vux Vuy Mux Muyc Muyt Pu
Combo
2b 295 k 39 k 2,821 kip-ft 356 kip-ft 59 kip-ft 40 k (T or C)
2c 373 k 3,530 kip-ft 40 k (T or C)
8 245 k 2,843 kip-ft 135 k (T)
49

ASD Load Combination forces (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.2.2):
• Combination 2a: D+Cds+Cvs+Css+Cls
• Combination 2b: D+Cds+Cvs+Cls +Ci
• Combination 9: D+Cds+Cvs+0.67Cbs
Load
Vax Vay Max Mayc Mayt Pa
Combo
2a 209 k 25 k 1,985 kip-ft 223 kip-ft 37 kip-ft 25 k (T or C)
2b 257 k 2,427 kip-ft 25 k (T or C)
9 219 k 2,411 kip-ft 91 k (T)
50

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest forces on column – Maximum
Unbalanced Loads on Column
5.75 ft 5.92 ft 5.75 ft 22.58 ft
40 ft 40 ft
51

Applied column forces - Maximum Unbalanced Column Loads:
Load Case Axial Load

Cds 83.6 k
Cvs 110.4 k
Css 20.3 k
52

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest forces on column – Maximum Loads
on Column
31.29 ft 5.75 ft 5.92 ft 5.75 ft 31.29 ft
2.96 ft 2.96 ft
40 ft 40 ft
53

Applied column forces - Maximum Column Loads:

Cds 91.2 k
Cvs 120.6 k
Css 22.2 k
54
Design Procedure
plate girder.
55

Axial Strength – Tension:
• Consider just the W beam shape effective.
AISC Section D2 – Tensile Strength (Eq D2-1):
LRFD ASD
P F A
=
∅ P =∅ F A Ω Ω
(50ksi)(130.0 in )
= (0.9)(50 ksi)(130.0 in ) =
1.67
= 5,850 k  P = 135 k = 3,892 k  P = 91 k
56

Axial Strength - Compression:
• Sections chosen are nonslender. Consider just the W beam shape effective.
AISC Section E3 – Flexural Buckling:
=( ) = 123 =( ) = 31
. .
Using AISC Table 4-1:

LRFD ASD
F
∅F = 14.9 ksi = 9.94 ksi
Ω
∅ P =∅ F A P F A
=
= 14.9 ksi (130.0 in ) Ω Ω
= 9.94 ksi (130.0 in )
= 1,937 k  P = 40 k = 1,292 k  P = 25 k 57

Axial Strength - Compression:
AISC Section E4 – Torsional and Flexural-Torsional Buckling:
• We are considering only the W beam effective
• Torsional unbraced length does not exceed the lateral unbraced length
• Therefore, AISC Section E4 does not control
58

Flexural Strength – Major Axis:
AISC Section F5 – Singly Symmetric I-shaped Members Bent with Slender Webs
bent about their Major Axis:
• AISC Section F5.1 – Compression Flange Yielding
h =2 d−y −k = 2 38.9 in − 21.21 in − 3.39 in = 28.6 in
( . )( . )
a = = = 0.94 (Eq F4-12)
( . )( . )
R =1− − 5.7 ≤ 1.0 (Eq F5-6)

,
0.94 28.6 29000

R =1− − 5.7 = 1.07 > 1.0 Use 1.0
1,200 + 300 0.94 1.36 50
59

• AISC Section F5.1 – Compression Flange Yielding (Eq F5-1):
LRFD ASD
M = R F S = (1.0)(50 ksi)(2,025 in )
M = 8,438 kip − ft
M (8,438 kip − ft)

∅ M = (0.9)(8,438 kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 7,594 kip − ft  M = 3,530 kip − ft
= 5,053 k ∗ ft  M = 2,427 kip − ft
60

• AISC Section F5.2 – Lateral Torsional Buckling
,
L = 1.1r = (1.1)(6.54 in) = 173 in (Eq F4-7)
,
L = πr = π(6.54 in) = 591 in (Eq F5-5)
. ( . )( )
L = 173 in < Lb = 480 in < L = 591 in Eq F5-3 applies
F =C F − (0.3F ) ≤ F (Eq F5-3)

480 in − 173 in
F = 1.0 50 ksi − (0.3)(50 ksi) = 39.0 ksi < 50 ksi
591 in − 173 in
F = 39.0 ksi
61

• AISC Section F5.2 – Lateral Torsional Buckling (Eq F5-2):
LRFD ASD
M = R F S = (1.0)(39.0 ksi)(2,025 in )
M = 6,581 kip − ft
M (6,581kip − ft)
∅ M = (0.9)(6,581 kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 5,923 kip − ft  M = 3,530 kip − ft
= 3,941 kip−ft  M = 2,427 kip − ft
62

• AISC Section F5.3 – Compression Flange Local Buckling
- Compression flanges are compact, therefore the limit state of
compression flange local buckling does not apply.
63

• AISC Section F5.4 – Tension Flange Yielding (Eq F5-10):
LRFD ASD
S <S
M = F S = (50 ksi)(1,690 in )
M = 7,042 kip − ft
M (7,042 kip − ft)

∅ M = (0.9)(7,042 kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 6,338 kip − ft  M = 3,530 kip − ft
= 4,217 kip−ft  M = 2,427 kip − ft
64

• Lateral Torsional Buckling governs the strength of the section
LRFD ASD
M
∅ M = 5,923 kip − ft = 3,941 kip−ft
Ω
65

Flexural Strength – Minor Axis:
• AISC Section F6.1 – Yielding (Eq F6-1):
- Top Flange
LRFD ASD
M = M = F Z ≤ 1.6 F S
F Z = 50ksi 301 in = 1,254 kip − ft Controls
1.6 F S = 1.6 50 ksi 236 in = 1,573 kip − ft
M = 1,254 kip − ft
M (1,254kip − ft)
∅ M = (0.9)(1,254kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 1,129 kip − ft  M = 356 kip − ft
= 751 kip−ft  M = 223 kip − ft
66

- Bottom Flange
LRFD ASD
M = M = F Z ≤ 1.6 F S
F Z = 50ksi 176 in = 733 kip − ft Controls
1.6 F S = 1.6 50 ksi 118 in = 787 kip − ft
M = 733 kip − ft
∅ M = (0.9)(733 kip − ft) M (733 kip − ft)

=
= 660 kip − ft  M = 59 kip − ft Ω 1.67
= 439 kip−ft  M = 37 kip − ft
67

• AISC Section F6.2 – Flange Local Buckling
- Both flanges are compact, therefore the limit state of
flange local buckling does not apply.
68
Design Procedure
plate girder.
69

Combined Forces - LRFD:
AISC Section H1 – Singly Symmetric Member Subject to Flexure and Axial Force
= = 0.02 < 0.2 Eq H1-1b applies
,
P M M
+ + ≤ 1.0
2P M M
AIST TR13 Combination 2b - Top Flange Biaxial Bending and Axial

40 k 2,821 kip − ft 356 kip − ft
+ + = 0.80 ≤ 1.0
(2)(1,937 k) 5,923 kip − ft 1,129 kip − ft
AIST TR13 Combination 2b - Bottom Flange Biaxial Bending and Axial
40 k 2,821 kip − ft 59 kip − ft
+ + = 0.58 ≤ 1.0
(2)(1,937 k) 5,923 kip − ft 660 kip − ft
70

AIST TR13 Combination 2c - Bending and Axial
40 k 3,530 kip − ft
+ = 0.61 ≤ 1.0
(2)(1,937 k) 5,923 kip − ft
AIST TR13 Combination 8 - Bending and Axial
135 k 2,843 kip − ft

+ = 0.49 ≤ 1.0
(2)(5,850 k) 5,923 kip − ft
Section checks for Combined Biaxial Bending and Axial Forces
71

Combined Forces - ASD:
= = 0.02 < 0.2 Eq H1-1b applies
,
P M M
+ + ≤ 1.0
2P M M
AIST TR13 Combination 2a - Top Flange Biaxial Bending and Axial

25 k 1,985 kip − ft 223 kip − ft
+ + = 0.81 ≤ 1.0
(2)(1,292 k) 3,941 kip − ft 751 kip − ft
AIST TR13 Combination 2a - Bottom Flange Biaxial Bending and Axial
25 k 1,985 kip − ft 37 kip − ft
+ + = 0.60 ≤ 1.0
(2)(1,292 k) 3,941 kip − ft 439 kip − ft
72

25 k 2,427 kip − ft
+ = 0.63 ≤ 1.0
(2)(1,292 k) 3,941 kip − ft
AIST TR13 Combination 8 - Bending and Axial
91 k 2,411 kip − ft
+ = 0.62 ≤ 1.0
(2)(3,892 k) 3,941 kip − ft
73
Design Procedure
plate girder.
74

Shear Strength – Major Axis :
AISC Section G2 – Shear Strength of Webs without Tension Field Action (Eq G2-1):
≤ 2.24
. 2(3 . ,
= 23.6 ≤ 2.24 = 53.9 Therefore Cv1 = 1.0 (Eq G2-2)
.
LRFD ASD
V = 0.6F dt C
V = (0.6)(50 ksi)(38.9 in)(1.36 in)(1.0)
V = 1,587 k
V (1,587 k)
∅ V = (1.0)(1,587 k) =
Ω 1.50
= 1,587 k  V = 373 k
= 1,058 k  V = 257 k 75

Shear Strength – Minor Axis :
AISC Section G6 – Weak-Axis Shear in Singly Symmetric Shape (Eq G6-1):
Sections Check for Minor

Axis Shear Strength
76
Design Procedure
plate girder.
77

Concentrated Forces on crane runway beam from the crane wheels along the
beam span need to be considered.
- Applicable sections of AISC Section J10:
• AISC Section J10.2 – Web Local Yielding

• AISC Section J10.3 – Web Local Crippling
• AISC Section J10.4 – Web Sidesway Buckling
P = 1.2 26.9 k + 1.6 35.3 k + 1.6 15.5 k = 114 k
P = 26.9 k + 35.3 k + 15.5 k = 78 k
78

Flanges and Webs with Concentrated Forces:
• Consider Wheel loads at location distance further d from the member end.
AISC Section J10.2 – Web Local Yielding (Eq J10-2):
• Consider a bearing length of 0 in. on top of the crane rail and a 45⁰ load
distribution angle
• lb = 2(rail depth) = (2)(6 in) = 12 in
79

LRFD ASD
R = F t 5k + l
R = 50 ksi (1.36 in) 5 3.39 in + 12 in
R = 1,969 k
R (1,969 kip − ft)

∅R = (1.0)(1,969 k) =
= 1,969 k  P = 114 k Ω 1.50
= 1,313 k  P = 78 k
80

AISC Section J10.3 – Web Local Crippling (Eq J10-4):
LRFD ASD
.
l t EF t
R = 0.8t 1+3 Q
d t t
.
12 in 1.36 in (29,000)(50 ksi)(2.44 in)
R = 0.8(1.36 in) 1 + 3 (1.0)
38.9 in 2.44 in 1.36 in
R = 3,306 k
R (3,306 k)
∅R = (0.75)(3,306 k) =
= 2,480 k  P = 114 k Ω 2.0
= 1,653 k  P = 78 k
81

AISC Section J10.4 – Web Sidesway Buckling
• Determine:
. ( . )
.
= = 0.84 < 1.7 Web Sidesway Buckling (Eq J10-7) applies
.
M =F S = 50 ksi 1690 in = 7,042 kip − ft
M = 3,530 kip − ft < M = 7,042 kip − ft
1.5M = 1.5(2,427kip − ft) =3,641 kip − ft < M = 7,042 kip − ft
Therefore Cr = 960,000 ksi
82

AISC Section J10.4 – Web Sidesway Buckling (Eq J10-7)
LRFD ASD
h
Ct t t
R = 0.4
h L
b
(960,000 ksi)(1.36 in) (2.44 in)
R = 0.4 0.84
(38.9 in−2(3.39 in))
R = 1,354 k
R (1,354 k)
∅R = (0.85)(1,354 k) =
= 1,151 k  P = 114 k Ω 1.76
=769 k  P = 78 k
83

Concentrated Forces at the crane runway beam bearing location need to be
considered.
• Provide bearing stiffeners. Design of bearings stiffeners is not covered in this
session.
Girder to Cap Plate Connection 84
Design Procedure
plate girder.
85

Weld between Reinforcing Angles and Beam Top Flange:
• Design welds to resist the shear flow forces due to vertical and lateral shear
86

LRFD ASD
V Q (257 k)(114.2 in ) k
V Q (373 k)(114.2 in ) k q = = = 0.82
q = = = 1.19 I 35,830 in in
I 35,830 in in
V Q (25 k)(86.6 in ) k
V Q (39 k)(86.6 in ) k q = = = 0.77
q = = = 1.19 I 2,828 in in
I 2,828 in in
k k
q = q +q = 1.19 + 1.19 q , = q +q = 0.82 + 0.77
, in in
q = 2.38 / 1.5 welds = 1.59 k k

, ∗ q , = 1.59 / 1.5 welds = 1.06
in in ∗ weld
87

LRFD ASD
R k
= 0.928 Dl (Eq 8−2b)
∅R = 1.392 Dl (Eq 8-2a) Ω in
q , q ,
D= D=
k k
1.392 0.928
in in
. k
D= = 1.2 sixteenths 1.06
. D= in = 1.2 sixteenths
k
0.928
in
Minimum fillet weld size based on thinner part joined = ¼ in

88

89
Design Procedure
plate girder.
90

Fatigue Design of Crane Runway Beam:
• Design of crane runway beam for fatigue is not covered in this session.
91
End of design example for W-Shape Reinforces with angles
92
Crane Runway Beam Example – Plate Girder

Design Parameters:
• Span= 60 feet (simple span), not at end bay
• ASCE 175 lb/yard rail (58.3 plf)
• Combined rail clips and electrification weight = 50 plf
Material Properties:
• Plates – ASTM A572, Fy = 50ksi, Fu = 65 ksi
93
Design Procedure
plate girder.
94

Deflection Criteria
• Vertical Deflection:
– AIST: L/1000 (CMAA Class E-F crane) = 720 in / 1000 = 0.72 in
– Considering load cases: Cds + Cvs
• Lateral Deflection:
– CMAA & AIST: L/400 = 720 in / 400 = 1.80 in
– Considering load case: Css
Determine design proportions to meet deflection requirements:
95

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest deflections
28.52 ft 2.96 ft 28.52 ft
22.77 ft 5.75 ft 2.96 ft 2.96 ft 5.75 ft 19.81 ft
60 ft
96

Required minimum moments of inertia to meet deflection
criteria (using beam analysis software):
• Ix, req’d = 86,435 in4
• Iyc, req’d = 3,625 in4
Web Proportions: Good practice is to provide web
proportions so that web sidesway buckling does not apply
• > 1.7 ×
Flange Proportions: Make sure that top flange width will
not foul with crane bridge
97

Design Section to Consider:
• Top Flange Plate – 1 3/4“ x 30”, wt = 178.7 plf
• Web Plate – 1“ x 68 3/4", wt = 234 plf
• Bottom Flange Plate – 1 1/2” x 24”, wt = 122.5 plf
• Total Section Weight = 535.2 plf
98

Design Section Combined Properties (using section analysis software):
A = 157.3 in2 d = 72.0 in rx = 29.25 in

Ix = 134,565 in4 tw = 1.0 in ry = 6.01 in
Iyc = 3,937 in4 bfc = 30.0 in rt = 7.92 in
Iyt = 1,728 in4 tfc = 1.75 in kdes=tf
Sxc = 4,154 in3 tft = 1.50 in y1=39.6 in
Sxt = 3,398 in3 Zx = 4,229 in3 Qxc = 1655 in3
Syc = 262.5 in3 Zyc = 394 in3 Qxt = 1399 in3
Syt = 144 in3 Zyt = 216 in3
99
Design Procedure
plate girder.
100

Determined Applied Forces
• Dead, D
wD = 58.3 plf + 50 plf + 535.2 plf = 643.5 plf
VD = 19.3 kips
MD = 289.6 kip-ft
101

e+h P
Peff, Top = P e
h
Peff, Top
(6+1.75/2) + (72−1.75/2 − 1.5/2)

Peff, Top = P
(72−1.75/2 − 1.5/2) hf
Peff, Top = P (1.097)
Peff, Bott = P (0.097) Peff, Bott
102

Design Forces from longitudinal crane tractive loads, Cls
Hls = Pls = 24.8 kips (tension)
Mls = Pls * e
= 24.8 kips (72 in+6 in)/12
= 161.2 kip-ft
Vls = Mls / span
= 161.2 kip-ft / 60 ft
= 2.7 kips
103

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest bending moments
28.52 ft 2.96 ft 28.52 ft
22.77 ft 5.75 ft 2.96 ft 2.96 ft 5.75 ft 19.81 ft
60 ft
104

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest shears
5.75 ft 5.92 ft 5.75 ft 22.58 ft
60 ft
105

Applied forces:
Load
Vx Vy My Myc Myt P
Case
D 19.3 k 289.6 kip-ft
Cds 91.3 k 1,294.4 kip-ft
Cvs 120.7 k 1,711.3 kip-ft
Ci 53 k 751.4 kip-ft
Css 24.4 k (t) 345.7 kip-ft 30.6 kip-ft
2.2 k (c)
Cls 2.7 k 161.2 kip-ft 24.8 k (T)
Cbs
106
Design Procedure
plate girder.
107

LRFD Load Combination forces (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.2.1):
• Combination 2b: 1.2(D+Cds)+1.6(Cvs+Css+Cls)
• Combination 2c: 1.2(D+Cds)+1.6(Cvs+Ci+Cls)
• Combination 8: 1.2(D+Cds)+1.0Cvs+1.0Cbs Does not control
Load
Vuy Vux Mux Muyc Muyt Pu
Combo
2b 330 k 39 k 4,897 kip-ft 553 kip-ft 49 kip-ft 40 k (T)
2c 415 k 6,099 kip-ft 40 k (T)
108

ASD Load Combination forces (AIST TR13, Section 3.11.2.2):
• Combination 2a: D+Cds+Cvs+Css+Cls
• Combination 2b: D+Cds+Cvs+Cls +Ci
• Combination 9: D+Cds+Cvs+0.67Cbs Does not control
Load
Vay Vax Max Mayc Mayt Pa
Combo
2a 234 k 25 k 3,457 kip-ft 346 kip-ft 31 kip-ft 25 k (T)
2b 287 k 4,208 kip-ft 25 k (T)
109

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest forces on column – Maximum
Unbalanced Loads on Column
5.75 ft 5.92 ft 5.75 ft 42.58 ft
60 ft 60 ft
110

Applied column forces - Maximum Unbalanced Column Loads:

Cds 91.3 k
Cvs 120.7 k
Css 22.2 k
111

Critical Wheel Location to produce largest forces on column – Maximum Loads
on Column
51.29 ft 5.75 ft 5.92 ft 5.75 ft 51.29 ft
2.96 ft 2.96 ft
60 ft 60 ft
112

Applied column forces - Maximum Column Loads:

Cds 96.4 k
Cvs 127.5 k
Css 23.5 k
113
Design Procedure
plate girder.
114

Axial Strength – Tension:
AISC Section D2 – Tensile Strength (Eq D2-1):
LRFD ASD
P F A
=
∅ P =∅ F A Ω Ω
(50ksi)(157.3 in )
= (0.9)(50 ksi)(157.3 in ) =
1.67
= 7,079 k  P = 40 k = 4,710 k  P = 25 k
115

AISC Section F5 – Singly Symmetric I-shaped Members Bent with Slender Webs
bent about their Major Axis:
• AISC Section F5.1 – Compression Flange Yielding
h =2 d−y −t = 2 72.0 in − 39.6 in − 1.75 in = 61.3 in
( . )( . )
a = = = 1.17 (Eq F4-12)
( . )( . )
R =1− − 5.7 ≤ 1.0 (Eq F5-6)

,
1.17 61.3 29000

R =1− − 5.7 = 1.06 > 1.0 Use 1.0
1,200 + 300 1.17 1.0 50
116

• AISC Section F5.1 – Compression Flange Yielding (Eq F5-1):
LRFD ASD
M = R F S = (1.0)(50 ksi)(4,154 in )
M = 17,308 kip − ft
M (17,308 kip − ft)

∅ M = (0.9)(17,308 kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 15,578 kip − ft  M = 6,099 kip − ft
= 10,364 kip−ft  M = 4,208 kip − ft
117

• AISC Section F5.2 – Lateral Torsional Buckling
,
L = 1.1r = 1.1 7.92 in = 210 in (Eq F4-7)
,
L = πr = π 7.92 in = 716 in (Eq F5-5)
. .
L = 210 in < Lb = 720 in > L = 716 in Eq F5-4 applies
F = ≤ F (Eq F5-4)
1.0 (29,000 ksi)

F = = 34.6 ≤ F = 50 ksi
720 in
7.92 in
F = 34.6 ksi 118

• AISC Section F5.2 – Lateral Torsional Buckling (Eq F5-2):
LRFD ASD
M = R F S = (1.0)(34.6 ksi)(4,154 in )
M = 11,977 kip − ft
M (11,977 kip − ft)

∅ M = (0.9)(11,977 kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 10,780 kip − ft  M = 6,099 kip − ft
= 7,172 kip−ft  M = 4,208 kip − ft
119

• AISC Section F5.3 – Compression Flange Local Buckling
- Compression flanges are compact, therefore the limit state of
compression flange local buckling does not apply.
120

• AISC Section F5.4 – Tension Flange Yielding (Eq F5-10):
LRFD ASD
S <S
M = F S = (50 ksi)(3,398 in )
M = 14,158 kip − ft
M (14,158 kip − ft)

∅ M = (0.9)(14,158 kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 12,742 kip − ft  M = 6,099 kip − ft
= 8,478 kip−ft  M = 4,208 kip − ft
121

• Lateral Torsional Buckling governs the strength of the section
LRFD ASD
M
∅ M = 10,780 kip − ft = 7,172 kip−ft
Ω
122

- Top Flange
LRFD ASD
M = M = F Z ≤ 1.6 F S
F Z = 50 ksi 394 in = 1,642 kip − ft Controls
1.6 F S = 1.6 50 ksi 262.5 in = 1,750 kip − ft
M = 1,642 kip − ft
M (1,642 kip − ft)

∅ M = (0.9)(1,642 kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 1,478 kip − ft  M = 553 kip − ft
= 983 kip−ft  M = 346 kip − ft
123

- Bottom Flange
LRFD ASD
M = M = F Z ≤ 1.6 F S
F Z = 50ksi 216 in = 900 kip − ft Controls
1.6 F S = 1.6 50 ksi 144 in = 960 kip − ft
M = 900 kip − ft
M (900 kip − ft)

∅ M = (0.9)(900 kip − ft) =
Ω 1.67
= 810 kip − ft  M = 49 kip − ft
= 539 kip−ft  M = 31 kip − ft
124

• AISC Section F6.2 – Flange Local Buckling
- Both flanges are compact, therefore the limit state of
flange local buckling does not apply.
125
Design Procedure
plate girder.
126

= = 0.01 < 0.2 Eq H1-1b applies
,
P M M
+ + ≤ 1.0
2P M M
AIST TR13 Combination 2b - Top Flange Biaxial Bending and Axial

40 k 4,897 kip − ft 553 kip − ft
+ + = 0.83 ≤ 1.0
(2)(7,079 k) 10,780 kip − ft 1,478 kip − ft
AIST TR13 Combination 2b - Bottom Flange Biaxial Bending and Axial
40 k 4,897 kip − ft 49 kip − ft
+ + = 0.52 ≤ 1.0
(2)(7,079 k) 10,780 kip − ft 810 kip − ft
127

40 k 6,099 kip − ft
+ = 0.57 ≤ 1.0
(2)(7,079 k) 10,780 kip − ft
128

= = 0.01 < 0.2 Eq H1-1b applies
,
P M M
+ + ≤ 1.0
2P M M
AIST TR13 Combination 2a - Top Flange Biaxial Bending and Axial

25 k 3,457 kip − ft 346 kip − ft
+ + = 0.84 ≤ 1.0
(2)(4,710 k) 7,172 kip − ft 983 kip − ft
AIST TR13 Combination 2a - Bottom Flange Biaxial Bending and Axial
25 k 3,457 kip − ft 31 kip − ft
+ + = 0.54 ≤ 1.0
(2)(4,710 k) 7,172 kip − ft 539 kip − ft
129

AIST TR13 Combination 2b - Bending and Axial
25 k 4,208 kip − ft
+ = 0.59 ≤ 1.0
(2)(4,710 k) 7,172 kip − ft
130
Design Procedure
plate girder.
131

AISC Section G2 – Shear Strength of Webs without Tension Field Action:
k = 5.34 webs without transverse stiffeners
h 68.75 in
= = 68.75
t 1.0 in
h 68.75 in k E 5.34(29,000 ksi)

= = 68.75 > 1.1 = 1.1 = 61.2
t 1.0 in F 50 ksi
.
.
C = = = 0.89 (Eq G2-4)
.
132

AISC Section G2 – Shear Strength of Webs without Tension Field Action (Eq G2-1):
LRFD ASD
V = 0.6F dt C
V = (0.6)(50 ksi)(72 in)(1.0 in)(0.89)
V = 1,922 k
V (1,922 k)
∅ V = (0.9)(1,922 k) =
Ω 1.67
= 1,730 k  V = 415 k
= 1,151 k  V = 287 k
133

Shear Strength – Minor Axis :
AISC Section G6 – Weak-Axis Shear in Singly Symmetric Shape (Eq G6-1):
Sections Check for Minor

Axis Shear Strength
134
Design Procedure
plate girder.
135

Concentrated Forces on crane runway beam from the crane wheels along the
beam span need to be considered.
- Applicable sections of AISC Section J10:
• AISC Section J10.2 – Web Local Yielding

• AISC Section J10.3 – Web Local Crippling
• AISC Section J10.4 – Web Sidesway Buckling
P = 1.2 26.9 k + 1.6 35.3 k + 1.6 15.5 k = 114 k
P = 26.9 k + 35.3 k + 15.5 k = 78 k
136

• Consider Wheel loads at location distance further d from the member end.
• Consider a bearing length of 0 in on top of the crane rail and a 45⁰ load
distribution angle
• lb = 2(rail depth) = (2)(6 in) = 12 in
137

LRFD ASD
R = F t 5k + l
R = 50 ksi (1.0 in) 5 1.75 in + 12 in
R = 1,038 k
R (1,038 kip − ft)

∅R = (1.0)(1,038 k) =
= 1,038 k  P = 114 k Ω 1.50
= 692 k  P = 78 k
138

AISC Section J10.3 – Web Local Crippling (Eq J10-4):
LRFD ASD
.
l t EF t
R = 0.8t 1+3 Q
d t t
.
12 in 1.0 in (29,000)(50 ksi)(1.5 in)
R = 0.8(1.0 in) 1 + 3 (1.0)
72 in 1.5 in 1.0 in
R = 1,501 k
R (1,501 k)
∅R = (0.75)(1,501 k) =
= 1,126 k  P = 114 k Ω 2.0
= 751 k  P = 78 k
139

AISC Section J10.4 – Web Sidesway Buckling
• Determine:
.
.
= = 2.29 > 1.7 Web Sidesway Buckling (Eq J10-7) does not apply
.
140

Concentrated Forces at the crane runway beam bearing location need to be
considered.
• Provide bearing stiffeners. Design of bearings stiffeners is not covered in this
session.
Girder to Cap Plate Connection 141
Design Procedure
plate girder.
142

Weld between Top Flange Plate and Web Plate, and Bottom Flange Plate and
Web Plate:
• Design welds to resist the shear flow forces due to vertical shear
143

Web Plate:
• Design welds to resist the shear flow forces due to vertical shear – bottom
flange
LRFD ASD
V Q (415 k)(1,399 in ) V Q (287 k)(1,399 in )

q = = q = =
I 134,565 in I 134,565 in
k k k k
q = 4.31 / 2 welds = 2.16 q = 2.99 / 2 welds = 1.50
in in ∗ weld in in ∗ weld
144

Web Plate:
• Design welds to resist the shear flow forces due to vertical shear – bottom
flange
LRFD ASD
R k
= 0.928 Dl (Eq 8−2b)
∅R = 1.392 Dl (Eq 8-2a) Ω in
q ,
q , D=
D= k
k 0.928
1.392 in
in k
. 1.50
D= = 1.55 sixteenths D= in = 1.62 sixteenths
. k
0.928
in
Minimum fillet weld size based on thinner part joined = 5/16 in continuous 145

Web Plate:
• Design welds to resist the shear flow forces due to vertical shear – top flange
LRFD ASD
V Q (415 k)(1,655 in ) V Q (287 k)(1,655 in )

q = = q = =
I 134,565 in I 134,565 in
k k k k
q = 5.10 / 2 welds = 2.55 q = 3.53 / 2 welds = 1.77
in in ∗ weld in in ∗ weld
146

Web Plate:
• Design welds to resist the shear flow forces due to vertical shear – top flange
- Per AIST TR13 Section 5.8.1, “a full-penetration weld with contoured
fillets shall be used between the web and top flange.”
- Per AISC Table 8-2, “groove welds in corner and T-joints of cyclically
loaded structures shall be reinforced with fillet welds equal to ¼ T1,
but need not exceed 3/8 in.”
147

Weld between Top Flange Plate and Web Plate,
and Bottom Flange Plate and Web Plate:
• Design welds to resist the shear flow forces
due to vertical shear
148
Design Procedure
plate girder.
149

Fatigue Design of Crane Runway Beam:
• Design of crane runway beam for fatigue is not covered in this session.
150
End of design example for Plate Girder
151
Session 4 Outline

152
Crane Runway Girder Connections – Runway Girder to Cap Plate
Girder to Cap Plate Connection

153

Load Paths
Vertical Load Longitudinal Load
154

Load path for Longitudinal Load
155

Design for failure modes from the applicable sections in AISC Chapter J.
• AISC Section J3.6 – Shear Strength of Bolts and Threaded Parts
• AISC Section J3.10 – Bearing and Tearout Strength at Bolt Holes
156

• AISC Section J4.1(a) – Strength of Elements in Tension – Tension Yielding
• AISC Section J4.1(b) – Strength of Elements in Tension – Tension Rupture
• AISC Section J4.4 – Strength of Elements in Compression
157

• AISC Section J4.3 – Block Shear Strength
158

• AISC Section J2.4 – Weld Strength – Base Metal
• AISC Section J2.4 – Weld Strength – Weld Metal
159
Crane Runway Girder Connections – Runway Girder Tieback
Girder Tie-back Connection
160

• Delegated Design
• Manufactured Tieback Assembly
• Design your own Tieback assembly
with structural steel
* Image courtesy of Gantrex
161

Load Path
Tee Plate Bolts
Tee Plate
Tieback Bars
Stiffener Plate
Tieback Pin
Lateral Load
162

Load Path for Lateral Load
163

 Tieback Pins
• AISC Section J3.6 – Shear Strength of Bolts and Threaded Parts
• AISC Section J3.10 – Bearing and Tearout Strength at Bolt Holes
164

 Tieback Bars
• AISC Section D5.1 – Pin Connected Members – Tensile Strength
• AISC Section D5.2 – Pin Connected Members – Dimensional Requirements
165

 Tee Plate
• AISC Section J4.1 – Strength of Elements in Tension
• AISC Section J4.2 – Strength of Elements in Shear
• AISC Section J4.3 – Block Shear Strength
• AISC Section J4.5 – Strength of Elements in Flexure
• AISC Part 9 – Prying Action
166

 Tee Plate Bolts
• AISC Section J3.7 – Combined Tension and Shear in Bearing-Type
Connections
167

 Stiffener Plate / Column Flange
• AISC Section J4.1 – Strength of Elements in Tension
• AISC Section J4.2 – Strength of Elements in Shear
• AISC Section J4.5 – Strength of Elements in Flexure
168
Learning Objectives
• Participants will understand different types of crane runway girders.

• Participants will be able to apply design concepts related to crane runway
girders.
169
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AISC Night School Industrial Structure Design

August 29, 2023 Session 4: Design of Crane Runway Structures

Night School 32:

Thank you for joining our live

Industrial Structure Design

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Please type any questions or comments in the Q&A window.

Industrial Structure Design

Night School 32: Industrial Structure Design

• Participants will understand different types of crane runway girders.

1. Design example set-up.

1. Design example Set-up.

Load Cases and Load Combinations

AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Cases

AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Cases

AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Combinations

AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Combinations

AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Combinations

AIST Technical Report No. 13 – Applicable Load Combinations

Example Crane Information

Example Crane Information

Example Crane Information (Continued)

Example Crane Information (Continued)

Example Crane Information (Continued)

Example Crane Information (Continued)

• Maximum Wheel Load = P = 62 kips (without impact) = Cds,max + Cvs,max

1. Design example Set-up.

Crane Runway Girder Types

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Girders

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Determine design proportions to meet deflection requirements:

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

18.52 ft 2.96 ft 18.52 ft

12.77 ft 5.75 ft 2.96 ft 2.96 ft 5.75 ft 9.81 ft

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

A = 146.9 in2 d = 38.9 in rx = 15.62 in

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Peff, Top = P (1.198) Peff, Bott Peff, Bott

Peff, Bott = P (0.198)

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

18.52 ft 2.96 ft 18.52 ft

12.77 ft 5.75 ft 2.96 ft 2.96 ft 5.75 ft 9.81 ft

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

5.75 ft 5.92 ft 5.75 ft 22.58 ft

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles

Crane Runway Beam Example – W-Shape Reinforced with Angles