Sinai University – Arish Branch 1st

Semester
Faculty of Engineering 2nd √
Academic Year 2022/2023
Civil Engineering Department Summer

Course Name : Geodetic Surveying Assignment 4

Course Code : ENC ET01 Theory of Errors

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Question 1:

Discuss briefly the following:

 The sources of errors.
 The types of errors.
 The difference between accuracy and precision.
 How mistakes/blunders can be eliminated from survey measurements.
 Why SD is the best measure of precision?

Question 2:
A line was measured 10 times, and the measurement results were as shown in the following table:

Length of
96.51 96.37 96.59 96.56 96.51 96.50 96.41 96.659 96.52 96.49
Line (m)

a) Compute the Standard Deviation for one a single observation and for mean value.
b) Compute the M.P.V for all observations.

Question 3:
Two distances 𝐿𝐴𝐵 and 𝐿𝐵𝐶 were measured by two different observers. The field results of both observers are
given in the following table:

Observer I 60.20 60.45 60.15 60.10 60.18

Observer II 100.18 100.17 100.11 100.12 100.24

a) Compute the M.P.V for each observer, standard error by using the 3σ rule to filter the observation
data
b) Determine which of them is more precise. Why?
c) Compute the best estimate values and standard deviation of the distance 𝐿𝐴𝑐 .

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Question 4:
Three different observers measured a certain angle as:

Observer I 42 33' 16" 42 33' 18" 42 33' 11" 42 33' 01" 42 33' 12"

Observer II 42 33' 19" 42 33' 20" 42 33' 10" 42 33' 02" 42 33' 12"

Observer III 42 33' 40" 42 33' 20" 42 33' 10" 42 34' 15" 42 33' 15"

a) Compute the standard deviations by using the 3σ rule to filter the observation data.
b) Compute the M.P.V for all observations.

Best Wishes
Dr. Mohamed Abdallah

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