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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

MOOD DISORDERS AND SUICIDE
1. “Depressive neuroses” were more formalized and named Mood Disorders beginning in the:
a. 1890s. b. 1920s.
c. 1960s . d. 1980s.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Understanding and Defining Mood Disorders
OTHER: TYPE: Factual
2. Prior to the DSM-III, conditions that are currently characterized as mood disorders were referred to by several
different names, including all of the following EXCEPT
a. depressive disorders. b. affective disorders.
c. psychotic episodes. d. depressive neuroses.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
3. The physical symptoms of a major depressive disorder include

a. changes in appetite or weight. b. decreased ability to concentrate.
c. increased energy. d. decreased self-esteem
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
4. One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means

a. a feeling of worthlessness. b. an altered pattern of sleep.
c. indecisiveness. d. an inability to engage in pleasurable activities.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
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5. Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; the most severe type of depression is called
a. major depressive disorder b. dysthymia.
c. cyclothymia. d. profound depression.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual

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6. The first episode of major depression is usually time-limited—often lasting up to — if left untreated.
a. 3 months b. 6 months
c. 9 months d. 1 year
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
7. Which of the following is a symptom of a manic mood state?

a. Clear, coherent speech b. Hypoactive behavior
c. Fatigue d. Grandiose planning
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
8. When used in connection with mood disorders, "flight of ideas" means

a. anxiety about airplane travel.
b. rapid speech expressing many exciting ideas at once.
c. limited imagination reflected in a slow way of speaking.
d. repression of all creative ideas.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

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9. In comparing the length of untreated depressive episodes tountreated manic episodes, which of the following is an
accurate statement?
a. Depressive episodes generally last longer.
b. Manic episodes generally last longer.
c. Both types of episodes typically last about the same amount of time.
d. This comparison cannot be made because depressive episodes are always treated.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
10. Which of the following are true about hypomanic episodes:

a. They are generally less severe than manic episodes.
b. They do not cause marked impairment in social functioning.
c. They generally last less than a week.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about a hypomanic episode?

a. It is not necessarily problematic.
b. It does contribute to the definition of several mood disorders.
c. It causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.
d. It need only last 4 days.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
12. A 35-year-old individual named Manny has recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin
therapy. To provide funding for this cause, he has withdrawn all the money from his bank account and purchased
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thousands of jars of vitamins and small boxes in which to put them. When he appeared at a hospital emergency
room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS, he himself was hospitalized for psychiatric observation. What
is your diagnosis of Manny?
a. Major depressive episode b. Hypomanic episode
c. Manic episode d. Postpartum psychosis
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
OTHER: TYPE: Applied

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13. Unipolar mania

a. does not exist. b. is rare.
c. is fairly common. d. is a part of bipolar disorder.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
14. During a dysphoric manic episode, the patient experiences mania and .
a. schizophrenia b. confusion
c. anxiety and depression d. anger
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
15. Dysphoric mania refers to a type of mood disorder in which manic episodes are
a. extremely severe. b. very mild.
c. accompanied by depression or anxiety. d. related to a medical condition.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
16. Most individuals who experience a single episode of major depressive disorder will
a. never have another episode.
b. most likely have just one more episode.
c. probably have several episodes throughout their lives.
d. later have a manic episode.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
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17. Debbie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants to know what to expect in the
future regarding her condition. You tell her that according to recent research the median lifetime number of major
depressive episodes is .
a. 2 to 3 b. 4 to 7
c. 8 to 11 d. 12 to 15
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
18. Persistent depressive disorder (formerly called dysthymia) differs from major depressive disorder because people
diagnosed with dysthymia have symptoms of depression that are .
a. more severe b. longer-lasting
c. episodic d. temporary
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
19. Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive episodes. In the intervals between the episodes, he
does not seem to return to "normal." In fact, during those periods, he has been diagnosed as suffering from
persistent depressive disorder. Jack's condition is referred to as .
a. double depression b. bipolar disorder
c. atypical depression d. dysfunctional dysthymia
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

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20. A person who experiences a persistent depressed mood for at least 2 years but is not experiencing major
depression may have
a. persistent depressive disorder. b. cyclothymic disorder.
c. bipolar disorder. d. double depression.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
21. After fun weekends with her friends, Anna-Kate feels very down most Mondays. She has trouble focusing on
her work. She has recently gained 20 pounds and is often tearful. What DSM-5 criteria does Anna-Kate NOT
meet for a depression diagnosis:
a. Significant weight gain/loss.
b. Diminished ability to concentrate.
c. Feeling sad.
d. Occurrence most of the day nearly every day.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
22. Milton has been mildly depressed for many years. Just recently, however, his depression deepened, and he was
severely depressed for about three months. His deep depression then lifted and he was once again mildly
depressed. Milton
a. will be easier to treat now that the severe depression is resolved.
b. will quickly respond to treatment and will recover completely from his depression.
c. will require a longer and more intense course of treatment to maintain a normal mood state.
d. will require treatment for the rest of his life.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

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23. Katie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Most recently, she has been lying immobile for long
periods. If someone moves one of her arms to a different position, it just stays there. Katie has stopped speaking
and does not appear to hear what is being said to her. What specifier would you apply to her diagnosis of major
depressive disorder?
a. Chronic b. With catatonic features
c. With atypical presentation d. Melancholic
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
24. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for a manic episode:
a. inflated self-esteem.
b. more talkative than usual.
c. ideas that seem to be racing.
d. ability to concentrate.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

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25. Tamara gave birth to a healthy child 4 days ago. Now she is tearful and having mood swings. Fortunately, these
symptoms disappeared relatively quickly. Tamara was probably suffering from .
a. major depressive disorder with peripartum onset b. baby blues
c. persistent depressive disorder d. major depressive episode with seasonal onset
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
26. A person who eats and sleeps too much is experiencing a depressive episode with features.
a. atypical b. melancholic
c. chronic d. catatonic
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
27. The melancholic specifiers for depressive disorders include all of the following EXCEPT
a. weight loss. b. loss of libido (sex drive).
c. sleeping late and hypersomnia. d. anhedonia.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
28. Although catatonic symptoms occur in major depressive disorders, they are more frequently associated with
______________.
a. phobias b. somatoform disorders
c. dissociative identity disorder d. schizophrenia
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
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29. The peripartum onset specifier is used to characterize a severe manic or depressive episode with psychotic features
that occurs in a woman immediately before or after .
a. childbirth b. a hysterectomy
c. a physical assault d. menopause
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
30. In rare tragic cases, a mother suffering from major depression with peripartum onset sometimes
a. kills her child. b. commits suicide.
c. murders other people's children. d. injures the child's father.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
31. The most usual pattern of a temporal specifier in major depressive disorder occurs in the late fall and ends with the
beginning of spring. This type of depression is known as .
a. melancholic b. recurrent
c. postpartum d. seasonal affective disorder
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

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32. Which of the following statements applies to the condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
a. Women with SAD reported more autonomous negative thoughts throughout the year than women without
SAD.
b. People with SAD have symptoms of decreased sleep and decreased appetite.
c. Depression in vulnerable people might be triggered by decreased production of the hormone called melatonin.
d. SAD can be treated with phototherapy, i.e., 2 hours of exposure to bright light just before going to sleep.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
33. Morning light is thought to help with seasonal affective disorder because it
a. produces phase advances of the melatonin rhythm.
b. reverses melatonin release.
c. increases the amount of melatonin released.
d. eliminates melatonin release.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
34. An effective treatment for SAD is

a. exposure to bright light shortly after awakening.
b. exposure to bright light in the evening.
c. exposure to a negative ion generator shortly after awakening.
d. exposure to a negative ion generator in the evening.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
NOTES: NEW
35. Light Therapy for SAD has been shown to provide relief from depressive symptoms in:
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a. the first day of exposure.
b. the first night of exposure.
c. the first week of exposure.
d. Never-light therapy has not be found to be effective in providing relief for SAD.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
NOTES: NEW

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35. According to recent research (Kessler et al., 2003), the percentage of people aged 18 to 29 that have already
experienced major depression is .
a. 10% b. 18%
c. 25% d. 40%
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
36. How many patients with severe cases of depression where the episode lasts 5 years or longer can be expected to
recover?
a. 4% b. 22%
c. 38% d. 56%
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
37. The probability that a person will recover from a major depressive episode within 1 year approaches 90% in
_________________.
a. almost all cases b. mild cases only
c. severe cases only d. double depression only
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
38. Symptoms of severe depression are generally NOT considered a psychological disorder when they are associated
with ________________.
a. a grief reaction b. a manic episode
c. anxiety d. thoughts of suicide
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

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39. The diagnostic criteria for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder include:
a. severe recurrent outbursts b. irritability most of the day
c. outbursts at least 3 times per week d. all of the above
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
40. Children who may have been diagnosed with _____ in the past are now typically diagnosed with ______.
a. Bipolar I or II: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
b. OCD: PTSD
c. SAD: Depression
d. Anger: SAD
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
41. Which of the following is not true of children diagnosed with Disruptive Dysregulation Mood Disorder?
a. They have chronic irritability.
b. They have temper tantrums often.
c. They frequently have manic episodes.
d. All of the above answers are true.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

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42. A woman who is extremely depressed a year or so after the loss of her spouse might be diagnosed with
___________.
a. normal bereavement b. dysthymia
c. major depression d. complicated grief
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
43. Although grieving is considered a normal process, it does sometimes become a psychological disorder. Which of the
following cases would NOT be diagnosed as a pathological grief reaction?
a. Mr. A experienced a death in his family. In addition to symptoms of depression, he has been having auditory
hallucinations in which he hears other deceased people talking to him.
b. Miss B. has experienced the death of a close friend. She is so depressed that she has no appetite, no energy,
and is suicidal.
c. Mrs. C's dog recently died. Three weeks later, her friends suggest that she get another dog "to help her get
over the loss." Mrs. C. refuses and says she just isn't ready to get another dog and besides, it would be
impossible to replace her beloved "Toto."
d. Dr. D's wife died a few months ago. Recently, in addition to his depressive symptoms, he has been having
paranoid delusions in which he believes that certain unnamed individuals are planning to remove his wife's
body from the grave.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
44. If a friend of yours stops sleeping and suddenly claims that he is going to go to law school and medical school
simultaneously so he can change the world, you might suspect he is .
a. anxious b. depressed
c. manic d. anhedonic
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

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45. Andy is currently completing a chemical formula that he knows will cure cancer. Shortly before, he had submitted a
book to a publisher and was sure that it would become a bestseller. For several weeks prior to this, he was
bedridden, morose, had no energy, and lacked any spontaneity. He never left his bed and had to be cared for by his
family. Andy's diagnosis is .
a. major depressive disorder b. persistent depressive disorder
c. bipolar I disorder d. bipolar II disorder
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
46. Bipolar II disorder consists of

a. depression with hypomanic episodes. b. depression with anxiety.
c. depression with mania. d. depression with dysthymia.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
47. Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. You can expect that she will experience
a. full manic episodes. b. hypomanic episodes.
c. both manic and hypomanic episodes. d. neither manic nor hypomanic episodes.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
48. When manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes, the disorder most correctly diagnosed would be
a. bipolar disorder. b. major depressive disorder.
c. bipolar II disorder d. cyclothymic disorder
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

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49. Recent evidence indicates a higher level of in patients with bipolar disorder that was marked by a
rapid cycling pattern compared to those with a non-rapid cycling pattern.
a. treatment response b. resistance to treatment
c. medication side effects d. suicide
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
50. Suicide associated with bipolar disorder almost always occurs during
a. a manic phase. b. depressive episode.
c. a prodromal period. d. a hypomanic phase.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
51. The rapid-cycling specifier refers to an individual with bipolar disorder who experiences at least manic or
depressive episodes in a year.
a. 2 b. 4
c. 6 d. 8
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
52. In studies of bipolar patients who experience rapid cycling, it has been found that from 60% to 90% are
_________.
a. female b. male
c. elderly d. adolescents
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

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53. At various times, Cynthia, a 20-year-old college student, has been considered by her family and/or friends to be
moody, high-strung, explosive, or hyperactive. She never fails to take care of her responsibilities, but the fact that
she seems to experience mood swings that are outside the norm has been noticed by those around her. Knowing
the criteria for mood disorders, you would diagnose Cynthia with .
a. major depressive disorder b. panic disorder
c. persistent depressive disorder d. cyclothymic disorder
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
54. When referring to the mood disorders called cyclothymia and persistent depressive disorder, it would be accurate to
say that an individual with cyclothymia probably
a. would be considered "moody." b. cannot function normally at all.
c. has more depressive episodes. d. has full manic episodes.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
55. The less severe but more chronic version of bipolar disorder is called disorder.
a. dysphoric b. seasonal affective
c. bipolar III d. cyclothymic
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
56. In about patients, cyclothymic mood swings develop into full-blown bipolar disorder.
a. 25% to 33% b. 33% to 50%
c. 50% to 66% d. 10% to 20%
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

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57. Approximately experience major depressive disorder over a lifetime and approximately in the last
year.
a. 11%; 4% b. 16%; 6%
c. 21%; 8% d. 25%; 10%
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Prevalence of Mood Disorders
58. With regard to the prevalence of mood disorders, which of the following has been found consistently?
a. Females experience major depressive disorders less frequently than males.
b. Men have twice as many mood disorders as women.
c. Bipolar disorders occur equally across the sexes.
d. Dysthymia occurs equally across the sexes.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
59. Depression rates in adolescents appear to be

a. increasing. b. leveling off.
c. about the same as adults. d. decreasing.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

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60. All of the following are accurate statements about the prevalence of mood disorders in children and adolescents
EXCEPT:
a. Bipolar disorder in children is often misdiagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
b. Major depressive disorder in adolescents is largely a female disorder.
c. Rates of attempted suicide decrease during adolescence.
d. Adolescents with bipolar disorder may become aggressive, impulsive, sexually provocative, and accident-
prone.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
61. A child raised by depressed parents is likely to

a. struggle with depression as well. b. learn how to avoid depression.
c. be inoculated against depression. d. deny stress symptoms.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
62. A common characteristic of depression in boys is .

a. aggression b. passiveness
c. shyness d. coping behavior
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

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63. Which of the following is TRUE of depression in the elderly?

a. Being depressed triples the risk of death in the elderly.
b. Suicide rates are the second highest of any age group due to depression.
c. The prevalence of depression is almost equal among elderly men and women.
d. All of the above
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
64. Being depressed the risk of death in elderly patients who have had a stroke or heart attack.
a. has no effect b. doubles
c. triples d. reduces
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
65. Cross-cultural research indicates that, due at least in part to appalling social and economic conditions, the
prevalence of major depression is extremely high among .
a. African Americans b. Hispanic Americans
c. Asian Americans d. Native Americans
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
66. According to your textbook, researchers have been studying the life histories of American poets to determine if
there is a relationship between creativity and .
a. anxiety b. bipolar disorder
c. dissociation d. schizophrenia
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
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67. In research looking at the biological causes of mood disorders, studies have shown that if one of a set of twins has
a mood disorder, the probability that the other twin will have a mood disorder is .
a. 29% b. 42%
c. 66% d. 81%
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Causes of Mood Disorders
68. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Overwhelming evidence suggests mood disorders are familial and reflect an underlying genetic vulnerability.
b. Studies are now beginning to identify a small group of genes that may contribute to genetic vulnerability to
some types of depression.
c. The genetic contribution to depression falls in the range of approximately 40% for females and 20% for
males.
d. All of the above
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
69. Recent research suggests that

a. social and psychological explanations seem to account for factors that contribute to both anxiety and
depression.
b. for mania, the biological vulnerability may not be specific to that disorder.
c. the same genetic factors contribute to both anxiety and depression.
d. All of the above
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

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70. Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the "permissive" hypothesis, which states that
a. low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders.
b. the norepinephrine system regulates serotonin levels; if norepinephrine is low, depression will occur.
c. when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to mood
irregularities.
d. the absolute levels of neurotransmitters are more significant in mood regulation than the overall balance of
the various neurotransmitters.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
71. A friend of yours tells you that he thinks he is mildly depressed, but he's not sure. Knowing that you are studying
abnormal psychology, he asks if there is any kind of laboratory test that could determine whether or not someone is
depressed. You respond correctly with one of the following statements:
a. Currently there is no way of diagnosing depression with a laboratory test.
b. The dexamethasone suppression test is a biological test for depression.
c. The dexamethasone suppression test can only be used to diagnose severe cases of depression.
d. Cortisol levels are decreased in depression; he could have his cortisol levels checked by a blood test.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
72. In regard to most disorders, serotonin is thought to

a. function independently of other neurotransmitters.
b. regulate other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine.
c. be unrelated to symptoms.
d. none of the above.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

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73. The best conclusion about the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for the diagnosis of depression is that
a. it is accurate.
b. it is effective but cannot differentiate bipolar disorder from major depression.
c. it promises to be an effective diagnostic tool in the future.
d. it is not useful as a diagnostic tool.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
74. Recent research suggests that

a. the suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampus is due to the connection between high stress hormones
and depression.
b. low hippocampal volume may precede and contribute to the onset of depression
c. electroconvulsive therapy seems to produce neurogenesis in the hippocampus
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
75. One symptom of depression is an increase in sleeping. What other symptoms related to sleep occur in depression?
a. A reduction of slow-wave (deep) sleep
b. Less intense REM activity
c. Stages of deepest sleep occurring earlier in the sleep cycle
d. Slower onset of REM sleep
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

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76. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sleep of depressed patients?
a. They enter REM sleep quickly. b. They experience intense REM episodes.
c. They show delayed slow wave sleep. d. They show advanced slow wave sleep.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
78. Depressive individuals tend to exhibit

a. greater right anterior brain activity. b. greater left anterior brain activity.
c. more alpha wave activity. d. less overall brain activity.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
79. In regard to the relationship between stress and depression, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT
a. the context of the life event, as well as its meaning to the individual, is more important than the nature of the
event itself.
b. an individual's current mood state might distort earlier memories of stressful life events that precipitated the
depression.
c. stressful life events are strongly related to the onset of mood disorders.
d. recurrent episodes of depression, but not initial episodes, are strongly predicted by major life stress.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

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80. When individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression place themselves in high-risk stressful environments,
it is called
a. humoral theory. b. the cognitive-behavioral model.
c. the gene-environment correlation model. d. a stress-depression linkage effect.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
81. Stressful events are strongly related to the onset of .

a. depression b. bipolar disorder
c. both d. neither
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
82. Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control
over the stress in their lives is called
a. the learned helplessness theory. b. cognitive-behavioral theory.
c. humanistic/existential theory. d. the control theory of depression.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
83. In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman's theory of learned helplessness, changing the focus from
specific attributions to as the crucial factor in depression.
a. lack of control b. a sense of hopelessness
c. repressed anger d. a feeling of failure
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

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84. A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that
she wrote as part of an exam. The student thinks, "This is terrible. I'm probably going to fail the course." This type of
cognitive error in thinking is called .
a. arbitrary inference b. overgeneralization
c. splitting d. dissociating
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
85. Regarding Beck's views on depression, which of the following definitions of cognitive errors and negative schema is
NOT correct?
a. In a self-blame schema, depressed individuals feel personally responsible for every bad thing that happens.
b. Arbitrary inference means that a depressed individual emphasizes the positive rather than the negative
aspects of a situation.
c. In a negative self-evaluation schema, depressed individuals believe that they can never do anything correctly.
d. Overgeneralization occurs when a small error is magnified to mean something much more significant.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
86. Negative cognitive styles are associated with a vulnerability to subsequent depression
a. in people in general.
b. in people who have already been depressed.
c. only in people who are currently depressed.
d. only in women.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
OTHER: YPE: Factual

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87. According to recent research on the development of depression, dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and
hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a vulnerability to depression.
a. biological b. cognitive
c. behavioral d. sociological
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
88. In Aaron Beck's depressive cognitive triad, individuals think negatively about all of the following EXCEPT
________.
a. themselves b. their immediate world
c. their past d. their future
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
89. For individuals who had not been previously depressed, research studies indicate that a marital separation or divorce
resulted in
a. a higher rate of depression in men.
b. a higher rate of depression in women.
c. approximately equal rates of depression for males and females.
d. no symptoms of depression in either males or females.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

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90. Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT
a. culturally induced dependence and passivity.
b. sense of uncontrollability and helplessness.
c. low value placed on intimate relationships.
d. self-blame for being depressed.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
91. Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women relate to the disadvantages experienced by
women in the United States such as
a. discrimination and poverty. b. abuse and sexual harassment.
c. both of these d. none of these
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
92. With regard to social support,

a. having one close friend did not affect depression rates.
b. having social support helped speed recovery from depressive episodes.
c. having social support had no effect in China.
d. having social support helped speed recovery from manic episodes.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
93. The Integrative Model of Mood Disorders shows that:

a. biological and psychological vulnerabilities partially explain disorders.
b. that interpersonal problems are irrelevant to mood disorders.
c. that social support is irrelevant to mood disorders.
Name: Class: Date:

d. that being adopted increases your chances of a mood disorder by 25%.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
94. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mania in the Integrative Model of Mood Disorders:
a. feeling powerful.
b. increased risk-taking.
c. impulsivity.
d. irritability.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

95. Which of the following factors contribute to the integrative theory of depression?
a. Stressful life events b. Stress hormones
c. Neurotransmitter systems d. All of these
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
OTHER: YPE: Conceptual
96. The following types of medications are all used to treat depression EXCEPT
a. SSRIs. b. mixed reuptake inhibitors.
c. MAO inhibitors. d. GABA inhibitors.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Treatment of Mood Disorders
97. Which of the following is perhaps the best-known and widely used SSRI medication?
a. Prozac b. Valium
c. Hypericum d. Thorazine
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
98. The antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil) and amitriptyline (Elavil) are included in the class
of drugs called
a. SSRIs. b. tricyclics.
c. MAO inhibitors. d. tranquilizers.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:


Name: Class: Date:

99. The class of drugs that blocks the enzyme that breaks down norepehinephrine and serotonin is
a. SSRIs. b. tricyclics.
c. MAO inhibitors. d. tranquilizers.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
100. Which of the following statements is TRUE about tricyclics?

a. Tricyclics work within 24 hours after they are ingested.
b. They can be accompanied by very unpleasant side effects.
c. Tricyclics block the reuptake of acetylcholine.
d. Weight loss is a side effect of taking a tricyclic.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
101. Side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants include .

a. weight loss b. excessive urination
c. sexual dysfunction d. diarrhea
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
102. Clinical studies have shown that the response rate for patients receiving at least some relief from
depressive symptoms is approximately .
a. 25% b. 50%
c. 75% d. 100%
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
Name: Class: Date:


Name: Class: Date:

103. Studies have shown that tricyclics have caused

a. manic episodes in the elderly. b. severe weight loss in adolescents.
c. sudden death in some children under 14 years old. d. all of the above
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
104. With regard to treatment of mood disorders, which of the following statements is accurate?
a. Patients do not recover from episodes of major depression without treatment.
b. Delaying or preventing future episodes of major depression is an important treatment goal.
c. After a patient has experienced a major depressive episode and recovered, treatment can be discontinued.
d. Close to 100% of patients with major depressive disorder respond to drug treatment.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
105. A goal of treatment for patients who have experienced major depressive disorders is delaying or preventing
the next episode. In which of the following situations would this goal be LEAST important?
a. Patients who have recovered from a major depressive episode but still have some residual symptoms
b. Patients with a past history of chronic depression (dysthymia)
c. Patients with a past history of multiple episodes of major depressive disorder
d. Patients who have had a single, brief episode of major depressive disorder and recovered without treatment
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

106. All of the following are side effects of lithium therapy EXCEPT .
a. lowered thyroid functioning b. weight loss
c. toxicity d. lack of energy
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
107. All of the following statements about lithium therapy are true EXCEPT
a. lithium can act as an antidepressant.
b. lithium can act as a mood stabilizer.
c. dosage must be carefully regulated to prevent toxicity.
d. the side effects of lithium are less serious than those of other antidepressants.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
108. A relative of yours has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Your family is impressed when you mention that
the preferred drug for this condition is .
a. Prozac b. St. John's Wort
c. an anticonvulsant d. lithium
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

Name: Class: Date:

109. All of the following statements about lithium therapy are true EXCEPT
a. for those patients who respond to lithium, approximately 70% will relapse.
b. for anyone with recurrent manic episodes, maintenance on lithium is recommended to prevent relapse.
c. once a person is symptom-free for 6 months, he/she may stop taking lithium.
d. people stop taking lithium to regain the euphoric feeling that mania produces.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
110. One of the problems encountered by psychiatrists who prescribe medication for patients with bipolar disorder is that
patients often
a. stop taking the medication in order to bring on a depressive state.
b. stop taking the medication in order to bring on a manic state.
c. overdose on the medication during a severe manic state.
d. become addicted to the medications during a severe manic state.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
111. The antidepressant medication lithium is also referred to as a mood stabilizer because it
a. increases the availability of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.
b. is less toxic than the SSRI medications.
c. helps to prevent manic episodes.
d. increases thyroid functioning, which results in improved mood stabilization.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

112. Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been a controversial issue for decades, it is an effective treatment
for depression especially when
a. patients cannot afford antidepressant medication.
b. patient response to antidepressant medication is poor.
c. symptoms of depression are mild.
d. a manic-depressive patient is currently experiencing a manic episode.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
113. All of the following statements are true about ECT EXCEPT
a. electric shock is administered directly to the brain for less than a second.
b. patient response to antidepressant medication is poor.
c. for severely depressed patients with psychotic features, approximately 25% of those not responding to
medication will benefit.
d. ECT treatments are administered every other day for a total of 6 to 10 treatments.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
114. All of the following statements are accurate about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) EXCEPT
a. relief of symptoms can occur within a week or two with ECT.
b. ECT treatment should be followed up with medication.
c. short-term memory loss can be a side effect of treatment with ECT.
d. psychotically depressed patients should be treated with ongoing medication, not ECT, even when response to
those drugs is poor.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
NOTES: NEW

Name: Class: Date:

115. Recent research suggests that an equally effective alternative to some antidepressant medications that appears to
alter electrical activity in the brain may be
a. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). b. electrocranial stimulation (ECS).
c. magnetic resonance stimulation (MRS). d. positron cranial stimulation (PCS).
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
116. Interpersonal psychotherapy deals with all of the following interpersonal problems EXCEPT
a. environmental interactions.
b. acquiring new relationships.
c. identification and correction of deficits in social skills.
d. interpersonal role disputes.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
117. Prevention of mood disorders in children and adolescents include all of the following EXCEPT
a. universal programs. b. selected interventions.
c. indicated interventions. d. milieu interventions.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

118. Which of the following statements about suicide is correct?

a. The suicide rate is high among African Americans but low among Native Americans.
b. The suicide rate among adolescents in the U.S. is decreasing.
c. For teenagers, suicide is the third leading cause of death after auto accidents and homicide.
d. Females are more likely than males to die from suicide.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Suicide
119. Research has found that low serotonin levels may be implicated in suicidal behavior because they affect all of the
following EXCEPT .
a. impulsivity b. instability
c. agnosia d. overreactivity
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Suicide
120. With regard to the relationship between mood disorders and suicide, which of the following statements reflects the
current thinking on this issue?
a. Suicide is often associated with psychological disorders, especially depression.
b. All people who attempt suicide have mood disorders.
c. A small percentage of adolescent suicides are an expression of severe depression.
d. Suicide is generally a response to some disappointment in people who are otherwise psychologically healthy.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Suicide

Name: Class: Date:

121. Statistics on suicide indicate that approximately one-quarter to one-half of all suicides are associated with
_____________.
a. alcohol use b. guns
c. aggression d. work stress
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Suicide
122. Although glorifying and romanticizing suicide in the media contributes to copycat suicides, it is more likely that the
person copying the suicide is
a. just doing it for attention.
b. vulnerable due to an existing psychological disorder.
c. not really serious about the suicide attempt.
d. trying to impress others.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Suicide
123. Impulsive suicidal behavior is often a symptom of personality disorder.

a. schizoid b. borderline
c. obsessive-compulsive d. paranoid
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Suicide

Name: Class: Date:

124. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the relationship between anxiety and depression?
a. Many depressed patients are or have been anxious and many anxious patients are or have been depressed.
b. Cognitive content (thinking) is more negative in anxious patients than in those with depression.
c. A core symptom of anxiety is the inability to experience pleasure.
d. Anxiety is often preceded by an episode of major depression.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Suicide

Name: Class: Date:

125. Compare and contrast the symptoms of major depressive episode, a manic episode, persistent depressive disorder,
and hypomania.
ANSWER: Major depression is characterized by a depressed mood state that lasts at least 2 weeks and
includes cognitive symptoms such as feeling worthless, disturbed physical function such as altered
sleep or appetite, and the loss of interest and pleasure in activities and social interactions.
Mania is characterized by exaggerated elation euphoria, little sleep, rapid speech, and grandiose
plans.
Persistent depressive disorder shares the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but the
symptoms are milder. The condition, however, is more chronic, with symptoms lasting for a
minimum of two years.
Hypomania is a less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impairment in
social or occupational functioning.
POINTS: 1
126. Discuss the symptoms, causes and treatments for seasonal affective disorder.
ANSWER: This disorder occurs during winter, in cold environments. People with SAD report excess sleep,
increased appetite, and weight gain. It is thought to be related to seasonal changes in light that
affect the production of melatonin by the pineal gland. SAD patients may produce too much
melatonin, experience disrupted circadian cycles, and reports negative cognitions and a tendency
toward rumination. Exposure to light, called phototherapy, is an effective treatment.
POINTS: 1
127. Discuss the relationship between depression and anxiety.
ANSWER: Research suggests that almost all depressed patients are anxious, but not all anxious patients are
depressed. It appears that while anhedonia is key to depression, the key to anxiety is the
experience of autonomic activation, which can also occur in depressed people. Research in this
area suggests that we may eventually need to rethink our diagnostic criteria to combine anxiety
and the mood disorders into one larger category.
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

128. Discuss the role of neurotransmitters, brain-wave activity, and negative cognitions in the etiology and treatment of
depression.
ANSWER: Low levels of depression in relation to norepinephrine and dopamine are thought to be related to
the etiology of depression. The permissive hypothesis argues that when serotonin levels are low,
other neurotransmitters are permitted to range more widely and so become deregulated. EEG
studies suggest that depressed individuals exhibit greater right-side anterior activation in their
brains and lower levels of such activity on the left side than non-depressed individuals. Negative
thoughts or attributions about themselves, the immediate world, and the future are characteristic
of depressed individuals.
Antidepressant medications can effectively treat depression but may take several weeks to
work, and symptoms may reappear when the medication is continued. Cognitive-based
treatments take longer to work but can be instrumental in limiting later depression. The
combination of both is often the most effective treatment.
POINTS: 1
129. Identify and explain the risk factors associated with suicide.
ANSWER: Family history: If a family member has committed suicide, there is an increased risk that someone
else in the family will also. Research has shown that the offspring of family members who have
attempted suicide had six times the risk compared to the offspring of nonattempters. If a sibling was
the suicide attempter, this increased the risk even more.
Neurobiology: Research indicates that low levels of serotonin may be associated with suicide and
violent suicide attempts. Low levels of serotonin are associated with impulsivity, instability, and
a tendency to overreact in situations.
Existing Psychological Disorders: More than 80% of the people that kill themselves have an
existing psychological disorder, usually a mood disorder, substance use disorder, or impulse
control disorder. Hopelessness, a specific component of depression, is a strong predictor of
suicide. Alcohol use and abuse are associated with 25% to 50% of all suicides and are
especially prominent in adolescent suicides
Stressful Life Events: The most important risk factor for suicide appears to be a severe,
stressful event. Often a stressful event can put the person over the edge.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Suicide
NOTES: NEW
130. Recreate the Integrative Model of Mood Disorders. Be sure to label potential causes and protective factors.
ANSWER: Answers will vary but diagram will look similar to Figure 7.7 on page 250. Here, it is less important
that the student has memorized every word than it is for them to show that they conceptually
understand that biological and psychological vulnerabilities predispose but do not cause Mood
Disorders. They should also show that they understand the role of social support (protective factor)
and the activation of stress hormones (accelerant), etc.
Name: Class: Date:

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: An Integrative Theory
132. It is likely that you have seen a movie or television show which features Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT).
Describe ways in which the treatment is done today as well as its success rate for providing relief from depression.
ANSWER: There is evidence of abuse of this treatment historically. In current administration, patients are
anesthetized to reduce discomfort and given muscle-relaxing drug to prevent bone breaks from
convulsions. Electric shock is administered to the brain for less than a second. Treatments are
typically administered every other day for a total of 6 to 10 treatments. This treatment is considered
a “last resort,” yet it is quite effective with 50% of patients who did not respond to drug therapy.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Electroconvulsive Therapy and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
133. Describe how Cognitive Behavior Therapy works for depression.
ANSWER: In Cognitive Behavior Therapy, clients are taught to examine their thought processes and re-
evaluate negative thinking. This can be a difficult process as depressed patients almost always
automatically assign negative values to themselves and their own experiences. A client learns to
substitute more realistic and positive images in place of the distorted negative ones in their day to
day life.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Psychological Treatments for Depression
134. How might a therapist use Interpersonal Therapy to help a couple reconcile their marriage?
ANSWER: Interpersonal Therapy focuses on resolving problems in existing relationships and learning to form new,
healthy relationships. The therapist works by helping the patient identify the dispute, determine the stage of
the dispute (negotiation, impasse, or resolution stage), and outline the dispute for all parties. Since a lack of
meaningful interpersonal relationships is a trigger for depression, Interpersonal Therapy can help move the
patient to relationship and personal goals.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Psychological Treatments for Depression
135. What are the three indices for understanding suicidal behavior and why is it important to know them?
ANSWER: The three indices are:
1. Suicidal ideation (serious thoughts about committing suicide)
2. Suicidal plans (a detailed method for killing oneself), and
3. Suicidal attempts (previous attempts that were not successful
Suicidal ideation is always important and needs to be taken seriously. These three criteria provide
additional information about the stage to which the individual has considered suicide and likely danger in
the near-term.
Name: Class: Date:

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

3. The physical symptoms of a major depressive disorder include

4. One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means

Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

7. Which of the following is a symptom of a manic mood state?

8. When used in connection with mood disorders, "flight of ideas" means

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

10. Which of the following are true about hypomanic episodes:

11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about a hypomanic episode?

Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

13. Unipolar mania

Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

34. An effective treatment for SAD is

Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

46. Bipolar II disorder consists of

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

59. Depression rates in adolescents appear to be

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

61. A child raised by depressed parents is likely to

62. A common characteristic of depression in boys is .

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

63. Which of the following is TRUE of depression in the elderly?

Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 07: Mood Disorders and Suicide

68. Which of the following statements is TRUE?