GLOBALIZATION

• Differentiate the competing

conceptions of globalization;
• Identify the underlying philosophies
of the varying definitions of
globalization; and
• Agree on a working definition of
globalization for the course.
• Identify the metaphors of
globalization.
• Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of globalization
What is Globalization?

Economy
Political systems
Culture

Social structures
What is Globalization?

Progress
development
Integration
 What is Globalization?
• “The process of world shrinkage, of distances getting
shorter, things moving closer. It pertains to the
increasing ease with which somebody on one side of the
world can interact, to mutual benefit with somebody on
the other side of the world.” - Thomas Larsson (2001)
 What is Globalization?

1. broad and inclusive or

2. narrow and exclusive.
 What is Globalization?

1. broad and inclusive

“...globalization means the onset of the

borderless world...” Ohmae (1992)
 What is Globalization?
2. narrow and exclusive

“the characteristics of the globalization trend include

the internationalizing of production, the new
international division of labor, new migratory
movements from South to North, the new competitive
environment that accelerates these processes, and the
internationalizing of the state... making states into
agencies of the globalizing world.” Robert Cox
 What is Globalization?
• “globalization is a transplanetary process or set of
processes involving increasing liquidity and the
growing multidirectional flows of people, objects,
places, and information as well as the structures they
encounter and create that are barriers to, or expedite,
those flows..” Ritzer (2015)
 What is Globalization?
• Globalization is about the interconnectedness of
people and businesses across the world that eventually
leads to global cultural, political and economic
integration. It is the ability to move and communicate
easily with others all over the world in order to conduct
business internationally.
 What is Globalization?
• Overall, globalization is a concept that is not easy to define
because in reality, defining globalization has a shifting nature.
• it is complex, multifaceted and can be influenced by the people
who define it.
• Moreover, the issues and concerns involving globalization have
a wide range from the individual to society.
Metaphors of Globalization
 • Solidity refers to barriers that
Solidity prevent or make difficult the
movement of things.
• solids can either be natural or
man-made.
• Examples of natural solids are
landforms and bodies of water.
• Man—made barriers include the
Great Wall of China and the
Berlin Wall.
• Imaginary lines such as the
Nine-Dash Line being used by the
People's Republic of China in their
claim to the West Philippine Sea
Liquidity • Liquidity, therefore, refers to the
increasing ease of movement of
people, things, information, and places
in the contemporary world.
• First, today's liquid phenomena change
quickly.
• Another characteristic of liquid
phenomena is that their movement is
difficult to stop.
• Finally, the forces (the liquid ones) made
political boundaries more permeable
to the flow of people and things.
vs
Flow
Flow
•For example, foods of
all sorts increasingly
flow around the world,
including sushi
globalized from its
roots in Japan
Flow
• Global Financial Crises
• poor illegal migrants
flooding many parts of
the world.
• the virtual flow of legal
and illegal information
such as blogs and child
pornography
 Globalization in the Philippines
•Globalization can make the Philippines into a
better nation through:
1. global trading and allowing foreign investors
2. reduce the poverty level
3. increase labor force for job opportunities
4. Education
 Advantages
1. Peaceful Relations
Most of the countries have resorted to trade relations with
each other in order to boost their economy, leaving behind
any bitter past experiences if any.
2. Employment
Considered as one of the most crucial advantages,
globalization has led to the generation of numerous
employment opportunities. Companies are moving
towards the developing countries to acquire labor force.
 Advantages
3. Education
A very critical advantage that has aided the population is the
spread of education. With numerous educational
institutions around the globe, one can move out from the
home country for better opportunities elsewhere.
4. Product Quality
The product quality has been enhanced so as to retain the
customers. Today the customers may compromise with the
price range but not with the quality of the product. Low or
poor quality can adversely affect consumer satisfaction.
 Advantages
5. Cheaper Prices
Globalization has brought in fierce competition in the
markets.
6. Communication
Every single information is easily accessible from
almost every corner of the world. Circulation of
information is no longer a tedious task, and can
happen in seconds. The Internet has significantly
affected the global economy, thereby providing direct
access to information and products.
 Advantages
7. Transportation
Considered as the wheel of every business organization,
connectivity to various parts of the world is no more a
serious problem. Today with various modes of
transportation available, one can conveniently deliver the
products to a customer located at any part of the world.
8. GDP Increase
Gross Domestic Product, commonly known as GDP, is the
money value of the final goods and services produced
within the domestic territory of the country during an
accounting year.
 Advantages
Free Trade
9. Free trade is a policy in which a country does
not levy taxes, duties, subsidies or quota on the
import/export of goods or services from other
countries. There are countries which have
resolved to free trade in specific regions. This
allows consumers to buy goods and services,
comparatively at a lower cost.
 Advantages
10. Travel and Tourism
Globalization has promoted tourism to great heights.
International trade among different countries also helps in
increasing the number of tourists that visit different places
around the world.
11. External Borrowing
With the help of globalization, there is opportunity for
corporate, national, and sub-national borrowers to have
better access to external finance, with facilities such as
external commercial borrowing and syndicated loans.
 Disadvantages
1. Health Issues
Globalization has given rise to more health risks and
presents new threats and challenges for epidemics.
The dawn of HIV/AIDS. Having its origin in the
wilderness of Africa, the virus has spread like wildfire
throughout the globe in no time.
Food items are also transported to various countries, and
this is a matter of concern, especially in case of perishable
items.
 Disadvantages
2. Loss of Culture
With large number of people moving into and out of
a country, the culture takes a backseat. People may
adapt to the culture of the resident country.
 Disadvantages
3. Uneven Wealth Distribution
It is said that the rich are getting richer while the poor
are getting poorer. In the real sense, globalization has
not been able to reduce poverty.
 Disadvantages
4. Environment Degradation
The industrial revolution has changed the outlook of
the economy. Industries are using natural resources
by means of mining, drilling, etc. which puts a burden
on the environment.
 Disadvantages
5. Disparity
Though globalization has opened new avenues like
wider markets and employment, there still exists a
disparity in the development of the economies.
Structural unemployment owes to the disparity
created. Developed countries are moving their
factories to foreign countries where labor is cheaply
available.
 Disadvantages
6. Conflicts
It has given rise to terrorism and other forms of violence.
Such acts not only cause loss of human life but also huge
economic losses.
7. Cut-throat Competition
Opening the doors of international trade has given birth to
intense competition. This has affected the local markets
dramatically. The local players thereby suffer huge losses
as they lack the potential to advertise or export their
products on a large scale. Therefore the domestic markets
shrink.
Assignment
•Why do some authors say that globalization is a
form of colonization?
•Content : 50
•Creativity and
Presentation : 40
•Group Member
Participation : 10