SS 111: The

Contemporary World
Submitted by:
Francie Greg
Relatos BSEd 2A-
English

Submitted to:
VICTORIA P. PADILLA, PhD, J
Date of Submission:
May 27, 2022

UNIT 1: STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION

 LESSON 1: Intruduction to the Study of
Globalization
GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. What do you think is the importance of defining globalization?

Globalization has a big impact. It is largely a process of global integratio brought
about through the sharing of global perspectives, goods, ideas, and other
culturaltraits. Communications and transportation have improved as a result of
globalization. The term "globalization" describes the growing interconnectedness of
many people, communities, and nations around the world as social and economic
links become more interconnected.

2. Do you think globalization is good or bad ?

In my view, globalization has both positive and negative aspects. Ideas, experiences,
and lifestyles of people and civilizations are exchanged. Foods and other items that
were previously unavailable in the peoples' own countries can now be tried.
Globalization increases public awareness of events. On the other hand, industrialized
nations have experienced certain unfavorable effects of globalization. Some of the
negative effects of globalization include terrorism, job insecurity, currency
fluctuations, and price volatility.

3. What is the difference between globalization and globalism?

At its core, globalism only seeks to identify and explain a world in which interactions are
interconnected across multiple continents.  On the other side, globalization
describes an increase or decrease in the level of globalism. It places emphasis on the
forces, dynamism, or rate at which these changes take place. In a nutshell,
globalization refers to the dynamic shortening of distance on a large scale, whereas
globalism refers to the underlying core network.

• Theories of
Globalization •
Ideologies of
Globalization
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Is Globalization an Ideology or just a Process or Condition?
I believe that globalization is a process or circumstance as well as an ideology. 
In the sense that it operates on a broad "ideological dimension" that includes a variety of
standards, assertions, beliefs, and narratives about the phenomenon itself, globalization is
ideology.
Contrarily, because it refers to the processes (economic, social, cultural, technological, and
institutional) that support the link between, globalization is a process condition.

2. Is “Globalism” a mature Ideology?

Globalism is a mature ideology because it is built on the decomposition of ne
w ideational clusters into important ideological claims that play crucial politic
al and semantic roles rather than just into fundamental notions. These three 
globalismmarket globalism, just globalism, and religious globalism
represent a comprehensive and conceptually sophisticated body of political p
rinciples and convictions that are deserving of the label of established ideolo
gies.

LESSON 2: Global Economy

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Why did the Bretton Woods System collapse in the 1970s?
The Bretton Woods system failed because the US could no longer ensure that
gold could be redeemed for dollars. 

2. In what ways is market globalism embedded in contemporary global

economic relations?
Market globalism is ingrained in contemporary international economic ties th
rough trade agreements made between various nations with the aim of boos
ting and extending business outcomes. 
Many nations that import and export commodities and services to expand th
eir
economies may be said to have become dependent on one another as a resul
t of globalization.
3. How does it affect economics in the Philippines?
It causes Filipinos to consume cheaper import products and their
own products left unsold or sold at a much cheaper price.
Globalization allows privatization of social institutions
4.Explain the impact of economic globalization to:
 Market globalism has helped the nation's economy thrive and create jobs. The cost of
manufacturing is reduced. This implies that companies can charge customers less for
products. An essential aspect that contributes to growing living standards is the average
cost of goods. More products are now available to consumers.

a. development
For developing nations, globalization has opened up new opportunities. For instance,
technology transfer offers the possibility of greater access to markets in industrialized
countries, growth, and enhanced productivity and living standards. In order to boost their
economies and address their countries' poverty issues, it also helps developing countries
interact with the rest of the globe. In the past, trade barriers made it difficult for developing
nations to participate in the global economy. Developing countries have benefited from
globalization significantly more than developed countries have. We can infer that today is
the prime time for business because there are more and more opportunities for people in
both developed and emerging nations to sell as many goods to as many customers as there
are at the moment.

b. employment
By speeding up the creation and destruction of jobs and increasing the incidence of informal
and precarious work, globalization is eroding the security of employment. The analysis of
active labor market policy that was done before focused on the first aspect of the issue.
Rising living standards in nations serve as evidence of the advantageous effects of
globalization on the labor market. Additionally, professionals can relocate to other nations
in quest of better possibilities.

c. environment
Numerous issues have been brought up by globalization, the most important of which is the
effect it has had on the environment. Increased product consumption brought on by
globalization has affected the ecological cycle. Higher production of goods as a result of
increased demand strains the environment. The transportation of food and raw materials
from one region to another has risen as a result of globalization.

LESSON 3: The Global Interstate System

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. What remnants of the Westphalian system can still be felt at this day and age? In
what sense has the world gone beyond the Westphalian system?
 One of the few vestiges of the Westphalian system that may still be felt today is the idea
of state sovereignty, which was strengthened by the peace and continues to serve as the
foundation for contemporary international treaties and conventions.

2. What are the differences between the liberal and socialist internationalism?
What are their strengths and weaknesses?
The objective of liberal internationalism is to advance democracy and the free market on a
global level. Liberal internationalism promotes increased trade freedom and less border
controls to allow for unrestricted international travel. Think about the EU and immigration.
Liberals are global citizens who value the variety that free trade may bring, but socialist
internationalism is a theory of a world government enacted via revolutions. Socialists
predict that capitalism and socialism will both gain ground globally. An integrated global
governance is the ultimate objective. Because they think that free trade and the emergence
of exploitative corporations are desirable, socialists disagree with the liberal understanding
of internationalism. The benefits of liberalism and socialism exclusively pertain to the
wealthy.

LESSON 4: The Contemporary Global Governance GUIDE

QUESTIONS:

1. Why is global governance multi-faceted?

A wide range of organizations are gathered under the umbrella of global governance to
plan collective action on a worldwide scale. Global governance, broadly construed, aims
to provide global public goods, such as peace and security, fair legal systems, means for
resolving disputes, operating markets, and uniform standards for business and trade.

2. How do international organizations take on “lives of their own?”

Once established, they frequently develop a life of their own and endure due to
bureaucratic inertia and the need to survive. This might convey the idea that they are
crucial to the scenario. However, they are frequently subverted by the objectives of the
nations that make up its membership.

UNIT II: A WORLD OF RELIGIONS

LESSON 5: The Global Divides

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
 1. What is the impact of global flows on the global South?
Sadly, countries in the Global South are plagued by poverty, a lack of respect for human
rights, and the depletion and exploitation of natural resources, among other problems.
Outside and internal forces must work together to bring about positive changes for the
benefit of the people and the environment in these countries before progress can be made.
2. What are the differences between the global North and the global South?

The Global North, which also includes Europe, North America, Australia, and Israel,
stands for the world's most developed economies, including those of the United States
(Odeh, 2012). Contrarily, the Global South consists of nations that have less stable
economies than the rest of the world, including those in Africa, India, China, South East Asia,
Central America, and South America (Odeh, 2012). According to this concept, the global
north is also defined as consisting of rich and developed regions, whereas the global south is
comprised of poorer and less developed regions.

LESSON 6: Asian Regionalism

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How is regionalism different from and yet a part of globalization?
Regionalization entails, first and foremost, taking into account a variety of events
and the needs of particular regions of a given country. Globalization affects
economic and political processes at the global level. For the sake of argument, let's
say that regionalism is "the impact of increasing levels of regional social and
economic exchange, as well as the links between economic integration, institutions,
and identity," and that "the internationalization of production, capital flows, and
markets, as well as the emergence of transnational corporations" are other
contributing factors.

2. What triggers various regionalists projects?

Other explanations for regionalism include political and social factors, such as the
"domino theory of regionalism." Economic motives for regionalism include the
following: preferential treatment as bargaining tools, positive effects of terms of
trade changes, ease of formation (Pomfret 1986; Baldwin 1997).
 UNIT III: A WORL OF IDEAS: CULTURES OF GLOBALIZATION

LESSON 7: Global Media Cultures

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Does a global village exist?
As defined by Manfred Steger, the concept of "global imaginary" is a consciousness of
belonging to a global community, which has emerged in recent decades as a result of
the rapid rise of communication technologies as well as the waning influence of nation-
based political ideologies on people's lives. The global village did exist, at least from my
perspective. All of the combined societies throughout the world serve as an example of
the global village. Modern technology, particularly television and the World Wide Web,
has connected people all over the world into a single community of interdependent
inhabitants.

2. For local audiences media globalization does not mean a window on the world. Discuss
It is fair to say that the media industry is well-suited for globalization, or the expansion of
global trade without regard for traditional political borders. In light of the low marginal costs
of media, reaching a larger audience translates into significantly higher profit margins for
media companies, as previously discussed. Because information is not a tangible good,
shipping costs are usually inconsequential when it comes to information. Finally, because of
the media's global reach, it can be relevant in a wide range of different countries.
While some argue that media is simply another globalized industry, others contend that it is
a contributing factor to globalization in its own right. Media is primarily a cultural product,
and the transfer of such a product is likely to have an impact on the recipient's cultural
heritage and identity. Technology is increasingly playing a role in the acceleration of
globalization. Quick communication, fast and coordinated transportation, and efficient mass
marketing are all made possible by technological advancements, which have enabled
globalization—particularly the spread of globalized media—to take hold.

3. The global media industry is primarily concerned with profit, not media content. Discuss.
People all over the world are able to share and access the same information because of
global media, which is defined as "mass communication on a global scale." It is true that
technological advancements have made people's lives easier all over the world.
Currently, people all over the world have easy access to communicate with one another
and to stay up to date with the latest news from around the world. There are numerous
advantages to working in global media. People now have easier access to television,
 radio, the internet, and, in fact, they have access to satellite TV channels from other
countries as well as their own. Western television shows became more popular as a
result of the widespread availability of these resources in many parts of the world. Of
course, television shows about other cultures have made it easier for people to learn
about other cultures because of global media. On the other hand, the global media
industry has been more concerned with making a profit than with producing quality
content. The media has become extremely toxic in recent years. Even if it is fake news, it
will be broadcast globally for the sake of money, or it will be broadcast because it is viral
and people will really engage with their websites in order to have their curiosity
satisfied, whichever is the case. Unfortunately, this is the way things work.

4. Do you believe new media allows for the kind of unifying moments that television and
radio programming used to? If so, give an example.
Yes, that seems to be accurate. People have a reputation for being divided by new media, rather
than being brought together by it. It is common for people to spend a lot of time staring at their
phones and not communicating with anyone; virtual relationships are more common than real
ones; and internet entertainment is the most popular form of entertainment today. However,
when used properly, new media, particularly the internet, can be extremely beneficial, and they
can provide many of the same moments of unification that television and radio used to provide
in the past. Families who are separated by long physical distances can communicate with one
another frequently through video calls, which was previously not possible. A family can enjoy a
movie night together because they can all sit together and watch a movie on one of the many
internet-based platforms available. The same is true for television and radio shows that are
available online; people don't even have to leave their homes to watch or listen to them.

5. Do you believe that new media are more successful than traditional forms? Why or why
not?
In most cases, new media outperforms traditional media in terms of effectiveness. Traditional
media, such as billboards, print advertising, television commercials, and other forms of
advertising, allow businesses to reach a large number of potential customers. In contrast, new
media allows businesses to target a specific audience through social media, paid online
advertisements, and search engine results, among other methods.

LESSON 8: Globalization of
Religion

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How do you describe the reactions of some religious movements to globalization?
Religion and globalization have always had a complicated relationship characterized by struggle
and conflict. Globalization has generally been associated with economic and political
interdependence, which has ultimately brought people closer together. The effect of no event is
isolated, but can be felt in far-off places as well as in close proximity. It has caused a shift in the
cultural makeup of the world, resulting in the formation of a "global culture," which is a
common minimum that is accepted by all. Globalization signifies increased and daily contact,
whereas religions are becoming more self-aware of their status as world religions in order to
better market themselves. The fundamental principles of globalization are in opposition to
religious nationalism. Globalization, by reducing
the barriers that separate different cultures, places religion in a quagmire of conflicts that
reinforce social identities, as some people refuse to accept new realities and turn to religion
to rediscover their own sense of self. Religion fosters a sense of belonging to a particular
group of people around the world. While religion has withstood the complexities and
assaults of the modern world, it is now being seen as being further intensified under the
circumstances of contemporary development.
2. How globalization affects religious practices and beliefs?
The fundamental principles of globalization are in opposition to religious nationalism.
Through the removal of cultural barriers, globalization places religion in an untenable
position of conflict, which serves to reinforce social identities as some people refuse to
accept new realities and turn to religion in order to rediscover their own identity.

Unit IV: GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY

LESSON 9: The Global City

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. In what sense are cities mediums of globalization?
Globalization refers to the "unrestricted" movement of goods, services, money, and people
across international borders. These are critical components of the economy today, and as a
result, they are concentrated in urban areas.

2. Do global cities and their global networks only play an economic role, or can they also
be considered as international actors from a political standpoint?
The world's largest cities and their global networks both play an economic role and are
considered international actors from a political standpoint. 'They bring economies of
scale, develop markets, create jobs, and encourage the development of new economic
activities.' Every time an economy moves from primary activities such as farming and
fishing to industrial production and then to services, the importance of cities in the
global economy grows with each transition. With continued integration of international
society and diminishing importance of borders, cities are increasingly being recognized
as internationally significant centers of political and economic power (Curtis 2014, 16).

3. What does the future hold for urbanization trends and for the global role of cities?
This is not a new trend, but it is expected to accelerate at an alarming rate in the coming
years. One of the most significant trends of the twenty-first century is the increasing
 urbanization of the world. According to projections, urbanization, combined with the
overall growth of the world population, could result in an additional 2.5 billion people
being added to the urban population by the year 2050.

LESSON 10: Global Demography

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Given what we know about population growth, what do you think of China’s policy that
limits the number of children a family can have? Do you agree with it? Why, or why not?
What other ways might a country of over 1.3 billion people manage its population?
Most Chinese families could only have one child under China's one-child policy. In 1980, the
Chinese government made it a national policy, and it expired in 2016. Aiming to slow
down the country's population growth, the government implemented the measure. Yes,
I completely concur. Both family and country will benefit from the efforts. If ever, it will
provide a better quality of life for the family, as well as for the country as a whole.
2. How can technology and interventions in development offset the pressures of
population growth?
The advancement of technology may help to slow the rate of population increase. In spite of
the tremendous increase in the world’s population, technological advancements can
make life simpler in many ways. It is able to provide employment opportunities that are
proportional to the population. It also has the potential to offer a solution to the
problem of a growing population. The advancements that have been made in
technology can provide a number of solutions to help counteract the rise in population.
3. Under what circumstances is rapid population growth beneficial to societies?
Rapid population expansion can be advantageous to society if it is accompanied by technical
innovation and improvement. Many ideas will collect as the population grows, and there
may be more workers or laborers in the society, which will aid enhance scale
economies.

LESSON 11: Global Migration

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the effect of immigration or emigration on your life or in a community you
have seen. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
Eventually, migrants cause social, economic, and political problems in the countries that
receive them. These problems include the following: 1) increases in the population,
which has a negative impact on the social institutions that are already in place; 2)
increases in the demand for goods and services; 3) displacement of nationals from
occupations in the countryside and in the cities; 4) increases in the size of the informal
 sector of the national economy; 5) deterioration in the salary structures of the informal,
rural, and urban sectors.
Positive effects include the chance to obtain a better career, an improvement in one’s
quality of life, and the possibility of obtaining a higher education.
Independence from the political, economic, social, and ecological influences that are
present in one’s own nation.
Negative effects include difficulties in communicating owing to language limitations, the
possibility of migrants being exploited, and the possibility of migrants experiencing
racism.
2. Why are migrants mostly beneficial for receiving countries?
Migration increases the population that is of working age. Migrants bring with them
valuable skills and contribute to the growth of human capital in the nations to which
they relocate. In addition, migrants contribute to the advancement of technology. If our
societies are going to have a meaningful discussion about the role that migration plays,
then we need to understand these repercussions.

3. What are the benefits and detriments of economies dependent on migrant remittances?
Although there are benefits, the detriments of remittances include, in case of migrants it
reduces labour supply. In case of migration, consumption of commodities increases and
prices hike. Apart from that, an additional drawback is that remittances boost the
country’s rivalry in the market.

Unit V: TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WORLD

LESSON 12: Global Sustainability

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How do you define sustainable development?
Techniques for sustainable development enable nations develop in ways that
respond to the problems posed by climate change, so assisting in the preservation of
essential natural resources for both the present and the future.

2. What are the major environmental problems you are exposed to? How are these
problems global?
The environmental problems to which I am most exposed are climate change, water
pollution, and air pollution. We all share a single atmosphere and a single planet,
therefore any overall effects will be felt by the entire world community. When these
bodies pollute the ocean, harming the world's fisheries, aquatic ecosystems, and
ultimately human health,