Juvenile Justice A Guide To Theory Policy and Practice 9th Edition Cox Test Bank

Juvenile Justice A Guide to Theory
Policy and Practice 9th Edition Cox

Test Bank
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Instructor Resource
Cox, Allen, Hanser, and Conrad, Juvenile Justice, 9th edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Chapter 8: Juveniles and the Police
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Historically, the ______ are the first representatives of the juvenile justice network to
encounter delinquent, dependent, and abused or neglected children.
A. parents
B. police
C. juvenile officers
D. courts
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 8-1: Discuss the importance of police discretion in juvenile justice.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Individual judgment concerning the type of action to take by the police is referred to as:
A. judgment
B. decision-making ability
C. discretion
D. regulations
Ans: C
Answer Location: Police Discretion in Encounters With Juveniles
3. Generally speaking, ______ and ______ heavily weigh on decisions to arrest made by police
officers.
A. nature of offense, juvenile demeanor
B. complainant’s wishes, nature of offense
C. juvenile demeanor, complainant’s wishes
D. nature of offense, mood of the officer
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Although the exercise of discretion is a necessary and normal part of police work, the potential
for ____ exists because there is no way to routinely review this practice.
A. abuse
B. monetary gain
Instructor Resource
C. harm to the juvenile

D. rogue police officers
Ans: A
5. Biases on behalf of the police may lead to more ______ adjustments for certain types of
juveniles.
A. formal
B. nondiscretionary
C. law-based
D. informal
Ans: D
6. Police officers have what options when dealing with a juvenile?

A. release the juvenile
B. informally adjust the juvenile
C. formally file a petition
D. all of these
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 8-2: Compare and contrast unofficial and official police procedures in
dealing with juveniles.
Answer Location: Unofficial Procedures
7. Male officers seldom ______ juvenile females even in circumstances where the juveniles are
likely to be carrying drugs and/or weapons for their male companions.
A. detain
B. question
C. arrest
D. search (pat down)
Ans: D
Instructor Resource
8. The threat of taking ______ action, if unofficial suggestions are not acceptable to the
offenders involved, largely removes any element of voluntarism and is coercive.
A. unofficial
B. discretionary
C. state-law mandated
D. official
Ans: D
9. Informal adjustments are commonly referred to as ______.

A. police reprimands
B. stationhouse or street corner adjustments
C. unofficial procedures
D. official procedures
Ans: B
10. Official action is more likely to occur today in regard to allegations of child abuse and/or
neglect because of ______.
A. mandated reporting laws
B. increased police arrests
C. quotas
D. streamlined investigative procedures
Ans: A
Answer Location: Official Procedures
11. The official procedures to be followed when processing juveniles are clearly spelled out in:
A. local agency regulations.
B. police orders.
C. juvenile court acts.
D. court rules.
Ans: C
Instructor Resource

12. Police departments with ______ or fewer sworn officers still face difficulties in providing
adequately trained officers for 24-hr-a-day service.
A. 10
B. 15
C. 20
D. 50
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 8-3: Discuss the importance of training police officers to deal with juveniles.
Answer Location: Training and Competence of Juvenile Officers
13. Juvenile officers are frequently appointed on the basis of ______.

A. specialized training
B. getting along with juveniles
C. conduct records
D. prior experience with juveniles
Ans: B
14. Because juvenile cases present special problems for the police, one might expect
considerable emphasis on ______ for juvenile officers.
A. good conduct records
B. maturity
C. having children themselves
D. training
Ans: D
15. There are still many smaller police departments with no ______ officers, so officers must
deal with juveniles of both genders.
A. male
B. female
C. juvenile
D. mature
Ans: C
Instructor Resource
16. Compared with non-Internet juvenile prostitution cases, Internet juvenile prostitution
involved younger juveniles, and police were ______ to treat these juveniles as victims rather
than offenders.
A. less inclined
B. more inclined
C. equally inclined
D. unlikely
Ans: B
17. One early police–school consultant program was developed in Flint, Michigan, in ______.
A. 1945
B. 1955
C. 1958
D. 1970
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 8-4: Describe police-school liaison programs.
Answer Location: Police-School Resource Officer and Liaison Programs
18. ______ are located in schools and serve as sources of information and counselors for
students.
A. Juvenile detention officers
B. School resource officers
C. Sheriff’s deputies
D. Chiefs of Police
Ans: B
19. Assigned officers, acting as additional resource persons in the school setting, have generally
been evaluated ______ by school officials, although not always by students.
A. negatively
B. positively
C. neither negatively nor positively
Instructor Resource
D. successfully
Ans: B
20. In some cases, PSLOs assist with classroom lessons on topics such as:
A. bullying.
B. internet safety.
C. drug and alcohol usage.
D. all of these
Ans: D
21. An evaluation of 44 anti-bullying programs showed that school-based anti-bullying programs

are effective in reducing bullying perpetration and victimization (being bullied) by between
______% and ______%.
A. 9, 12
B. 11, 15
C. 16, 19
D. 17, 20
Ans: D
22. ______ theories may be tied to police encounters with juveniles in terms of allocation of
police resources and decisions concerning whether or not to take official action.
A. Social class
B. Learning
C. Labeling
D. Deterrence
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 8-5: Discuss the impact of community policing on the relationships among
the police, school authorities, and juveniles.
Answer Location: Community-Oriented Policing and Juveniles
Instructor Resource
23. ______ refers to a strategy that relies on identification of problems by police and members of
the community they serve and shared ownership of law enforcement and order maintenance
duties.
A. Police-community liaisons
B. Problem-oriented policing
C. Intelligence-led policing
D. Community-oriented policing
Ans: D
24. ______ theories suggest race and ethnicity influence police behavior in a latent fashion.
A. Labeling
B. Biological
C. Deterrence
D. Learning
Ans: B
25. Community-oriented policing is focused on:

A. arresting criminals.
B. identifying and solving problems through partnerships.
C. investigating criminal communities.
D. school resource officers.
Ans: B
True/False
1. If the police decide not to take into custody or arrest a particular juvenile, none of the rest of
the official legal machinery can go into operation.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource
Answer Location: Introduction

2. Police officers are never inconsistent in the decision-making process because of frequent
ambiguity with respect to whether any formal rule of law applies in a specific case as well as a
variety of other factors.
Ans: F
3. In the case of a minor offense, the police will often intervene on behalf of the juvenile to
persuade the complainant not to take official action.
Ans: T
4. Researchers are generally in agreement concerning the role of race in police-juvenile

encounters.
Ans: F
5. If unofficial suggestions are not acceptable to the offenders involved, threatening official
action largely removes any element of voluntarism and is considered coercive.
Ans: T
6. Although the development of effective juvenile officers and juvenile bureaus is highly
desirable, most initial contacts between juveniles and the police involve patrol officers.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource
7. It is essential that police departments train officers to handle juvenile cases.

Ans: T
8. Professional associations of juvenile police dedicated to training, information sharing, and

developing relationships with others in the juvenile justice network do not exist within the
United States.
Ans: F
9. If police officers are to keep up with a variety of ever-changing types of crime occurring on
the Internet, continued education and training will be required.
Ans: T
10. While armed officers do provide protection for students, recent research by the Justice Policy
Institute (JPI) (2012) suggests that SROs have little impact on reducing school-based crime.
Ans: T
11. D.A.R.E. programs, in which police officers teach children how to avoid the use of illicit
drugs, are widespread in the United States only.
Ans: F
12. It has been found that juveniles are more receptive to an emphasis on short-term negative
social consequences as opposed to physiological consequences.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource

13. There is some evidence that heavy-handed tactics during interviews and interrogations by the
police may produce false evidence.
Ans: T
14. No programs have been introduced to improve the relationship between schools and the
police concerning juvenile offenders.
Ans: F
15. Although community-oriented policing is a general police strategy, it certainly has

applications in police work with juveniles given that it requires joint community–police
identification of, and efforts to solve, problems.
Ans: T
Essay
1. Define and discuss discretion with juveniles.

Ans: A brief definition of what discretion is, how and why it is used by the police, as well as
several of the criticisms of using discretion.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application
2. Compare and contrast unofficial and official police procedures in dealing with juveniles.
Ans: A discussion of both types of procedures and should provide examples of each.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Instructor Resource
Answer Locations: Unofficial Procedures, Official Procedures

3. Discuss the importance of having trained juvenile officers.

Ans: The importance of training juvenile officers and should also address the shortcomings in
this area nationally.
4. Describe what a school resource officer is and what their responsibilities are, as well as their
effectiveness in reducing juvenile delinquency.
Ans: Define what an SRO is and their responsibilities and also comment on whether or not they
have been shown to be effective at reducing delinquency, with statistics from the text.
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Discuss the impact of community-oriented policing on the relationships among the police,
schools, and juveniles.
Ans: A definition of community-oriented policing and how it has affected the relationships
mentioned above.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

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Juvenile Justice A Guide to Theory

Policy and Practice 9th Edition Cox

Chapter 8: Juveniles and the Police

C. harm to the juvenile

6. Police officers have what options when dealing with a juvenile?

9. Informal adjustments are commonly referred to as ______.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

13. Juvenile officers are frequently appointed on the basis of ______.

21. An evaluation of 44 anti-bullying programs showed that school-based anti-bullying programs

25. Community-oriented policing is focused on:

Answer Location: Introduction

4. Researchers are generally in agreement concerning the role of race in police-juvenile

7. It is essential that police departments train officers to handle juvenile cases.

8. Professional associations of juvenile police dedicated to training, information sharing, and

Answer Location: Police-School Resource Officer and Liaison Programs

15. Although community-oriented policing is a general police strategy, it certainly has

1. Define and discuss discretion with juveniles.

Answer Locations: Unofficial Procedures, Official Procedures

3. Discuss the importance of having trained juvenile officers.

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