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Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Chapter 09
Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Type S Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium is lethal and will kill its host. If heat
inactivated the S strain dies and becomes nonlethal. Type R Streptococcus pneumoniae is a
nonvirulent strain of bacteria. What would occur if one were to inject both the R strain and
heat-killed S strains into a host organism such as the mouse?
A. The S strain would be transformed into the nonvirulent R strain and kill the host.
B. The R strain would be transformed into the virulent S strain and kill the host.
C. The S strain would be transformed into the nonvirulent R strain and not affect the host.
D. The R strain would be transformed into the virulent S strain and not affect the host.
E. Neither the S nor the R strain would change.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

LO: 09.01.02 Analyze the results of the experiments that identified DNA as the genetic material.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

2. What is NOT a criterion for an organism's genetic material?

A. The genetic material must contain information necessary to construct a whole organism.
B. The genetic material must be transmitted from parent to offspring.
C. To transmit information the genetic material must be replicated.
D. The genetic material must be dynamic, changing rapidly in response to changes in the
environment.
E. Genetic material must account for the known variation within each species and among
different species.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.01 List the four key criteria that the genetic material must fulfill.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

9-1
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

3. Griffith first proposed the "transformation principle" through his studies on Streptococcus
pneumoniae bacterium. What molecule was later found to be responsible for this
phenomenon?
A. protein
B. RNA
C. DNA
D. phage
E. bacteriophage

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.02 Analyze the results of the experiments that identified DNA as the genetic material.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

4. Who discovered that DNA was the genetic material or transforming factor that could
convert nonvirulent R-type Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium to the virulent S-type?
A. Weismann and Nageli
B. Griffith
C. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
D. Hershey and Chase
E. Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin

Although Griffith performed the original experiment with the mouse, discovering the "transformation principle"
phenomenon, he did not know what molecule was responsible for the phenomenon. 20 years later, Avery, MacLeod, and
McCarty used Griffith's work as the basis for discovering that the transforming factor was DNA

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.02 Analyze the results of the experiments that identified DNA as the genetic material.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

9-2
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

5. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with their discovery?

A. Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin..........DNA structure
B. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty..........DNA is the genetic material
C. Meselson and Stahl..........mechanism of DNA replication
D. Griffith..........chromosomes
E. Gierer and Schramm..........viral genome can be RNA

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.03.01 Describe and interpret the work of Franklin; Chargaff; and Watson and Crick.
Section: 09.03 Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Topic: Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Type: BioConnection

6. Which relationship about nucleotide composition in DNA is correct?

A. C+G=A+T
B. C+A=G+T
C. C=A
D. G=T
E. C=T

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

7. The building blocks of DNA are

A. genes.
B. double helices.
C. amino acids.
D. nucleotides.
E. chromosomes.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

9-3
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Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

8. What is the highest (or most complex) level of structure for genetic material?
A. nucleotide
B. double helix
C. DNA
D. gene
E. chromosome

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.02.01 Outline the structural features of DNA at five levels of complexity.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

9. The nucleotides within DNA are composed of a

A. phosphate group, ribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.
B. sulfur group, ribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.
C. phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.
D. sulfur group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.
E. phosphate group, hexose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

10. Which is not a pyrimidine?

A. adenine
B. thymine
C. cytosine
D. uracil
E. cytosine and thymine

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

9-4
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Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

11. Which is FALSE when comparing RNA and DNA?

A. Both are produced by phosphodiester linkages.
B. Both are composed of phosphate groups.
C. Both are composed of sugars.
D. Both are composed of identical nucleotides.
E. Both are composed of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

12. What was one of the pieces of evidence most critical to the discovery of DNA structure?
A. its composition of four different nucleotides
B. its mode of replication
C. an X-ray diffraction pattern suggesting a double helix shape
D. the backbone containing sugar-phosphate linkages
E. the covalent bonding between different nucleotides

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

LO: 09.03.01 Describe and interpret the work of Franklin; Chargaff; and Watson and Crick.
Section: 09.03 Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Topic: Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Type: BioConnection

13. Which statement about the structure or composition of DNA is FALSE?

A. DNA is a double helix.
B. Complementary base-pairing occurs between pyrimidine and purine bases.
C. The amount of thymine closely approximates that of guanine within a particular organism.
D. Each nucleotide within a DNA is separated by about 0.34 angstroms.
E. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine with cytosine.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.03.01 Describe and interpret the work of Franklin; Chargaff; and Watson and Crick.
Section: 09.03 Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Topic: Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Type: BioConnection

9-5
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

14. What is the complement DNA strand to 5-ATTCGGTGA-3?

A. 5-TAAGCCACT-3
B. 3-CGGATTGTC-5
C. 5-CGGATTGTC-3
D. 3-TAAGCCACT-5
E. 3-ATTCGGTGA-5

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

LO: 09.04.02 Explain how the double-stranded structure of DNA and the AT/GC rule allow DNA to be replicated semiconservatively.
Section: 09.04 An Overview of DNA Replication
Topic: An Overview of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

15. A DNA specimen that contains 30% guanine contains how much thymine?
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 60%
E. The amount of thymine cannot be determined.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.04.02 Explain how the double-stranded structure of DNA and the AT/GC rule allow DNA to be replicated semiconservatively.
Section: 09.04 An Overview of DNA Replication
Topic: An Overview of DNA Replication
Type: Quantitative Reasoning

16. Which purine base forms 3 hydrogen bonds when binding its complementary nucleotide
base?
A. guanine
B. cytosine
C. thymine
D. uracil
E. adenine

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.04.02 Explain how the double-stranded structure of DNA and the AT/GC rule allow DNA to be replicated semiconservatively.
Section: 09.04 An Overview of DNA Replication
Topic: An Overview of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-6
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

17. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that can synthesize DNA from an RNA template.
What DNA sequence is produced from an RNA molecule with the sequence
5'AUUGACGGU3'?
A. 3'UAACUGCCA5'
B. 5'TTTCTGCCT3'
C. 3'TAACTGCCA5'
D. 5'ATTCAGCCT3'
E. 3'TUUCTGCCU5'

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

18. In order to produce a single strand of DNA the nucleotides combine to form what type of
bond?
A. hydrogen
B. peptide
C. phosphodiester
D. purine
E. ionic

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

19. The mechanism of DNA replication is

A. conservative.
B. intermediate.
C. semiconservative.
D. dispersive.
E. complementary.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.04.01 Describe and interpret the experiments of Meselson and Stahl.
Section: 09.04 An Overview of DNA Replication
Topic: An Overview of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-7
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

20. Bacteria are grown in 15N (heavy) medium and then transferred to 14N (light) medium and
are allowed to replicate for 1 generation. The DNA is subsequently isolated and centrifuged in
a CsCl2 gradient to yield what type of gradient band(s)?
A. one heavy band
B. one light band
C. one half-heavy (intermediate to heavy and light) band
D. one heavy and one half-heavy band
E. one heavy and one light band

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.04.01 Describe and interpret the experiments of Meselson and Stahl.
Section: 09.04 An Overview of DNA Replication
Topic: An Overview of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

21. Bacteria are grown in 15N (heavy) medium and then transferred to 14N (light) medium and
are allowed to replicate for 2 generations. The DNA is subsequently isolated and centrifuged
in a CsCl2 gradient to yield what type of gradient band(s)?
A. one heavy band
B. one light band
C. one half-heavy (intermediate to heavy and light) band
D. one heavy and one half-heavy band
E. one light and one half-heavy band

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.04.01 Describe and interpret the experiments of Meselson and Stahl.
Section: 09.04 An Overview of DNA Replication
Topic: An Overview of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-8
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

22. What is NOT a protein involved in DNA replication?

A. replication fork
B. single-stranded binding proteins
C. DNA ligase
D. topoisomerase
E. helicase

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.01 Explain how the synthesis of new DNA strands begins at an origin of replication.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

23. During DNA replication, proteins that are important for separating the DNA strands and
allowing movement of the replication fork include each of these EXCEPT
A. DNA polymerase.
B. helicase.
C. topoisomerase.
D. single-stranded binding proteins.
E. both helicase and topoisomerase.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.02 Describe the functions of helicase, topoisomerase, singlestrand binding protein, primase, and DNA polymerase at the
replication fork.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

24. How many replication forks are there at an origin of replication?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.05.01 Explain how the synthesis of new DNA strands begins at an origin of replication.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-9
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

25. Which statement best describes DNA polymerase?

A. It is an enzyme required to produce a primer needed for DNA replication.
B. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 5 end of a growing DNA
strand.
C. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3 end of a growing DNA
strand.
D. It is an enzyme required to glue pieces of DNA fragments together.
E. It is an enzyme that polymerizes the DNA and keeps the replication fork open.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.02 Describe the functions of helicase, topoisomerase, singlestrand binding protein, primase, and DNA polymerase at the
replication fork.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

26. Which molecule catalyzes covalent bond formation between fragments of DNA.
A. helicase
B. ligase
C. polymerase
D. primase
E. nuclease

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.05.03 Outline the key differences between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

27. All of these are critical factors for DNA replication on the leading strand EXCEPT
A. primer
B. DNA ligase
C. DNA polymerase
D. DNA primase
E. deoxynucleoside triphosphates

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.03 Outline the key differences between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-10
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

28. Which molecule is responsible for separating double-stranded DNA into single strands?
A. DNA primase
B. DNA helicase
C. topoisomerase
D. DNA ligase
E. single-stranded binding proteins

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.05.02 Describe the functions of helicase, topoisomerase, singlestrand binding protein, primase, and DNA polymerase at the
replication fork.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

29. This produces short sequences of RNA, which allows polymerase to synthesize a new
strand of DNA.
A. DNA primase
B. DNA helicase
C. DNA polymerase
D. DNA topoisomerase
E. DNA ligase

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.02 Describe the functions of helicase, topoisomerase, singlestrand binding protein, primase, and DNA polymerase at the
replication fork.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

30. The function(s) of DNA polymerase includes

A. DNA synthesis
B. DNA proofreading
C. removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps
D. DNA synthesis and proofreading
E. DNA synthesis, DNA proofreading, and removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.02 Describe the functions of helicase, topoisomerase, singlestrand binding protein, primase, and DNA polymerase at the
replication fork.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-11
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

31. Which statement about DNA replication is INCORRECT?

A. It begins at multiple origins of replication sites along eukaryotic chromosomes.
B. It proceeds with the addition of new nucleotides to the 3 end of a growing DNA strand.
C. It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP.
D. Each strand within the DNA double helix is used as a template for synthesis of a new
strand.
E. It requires that each strand in the double helix be separated from the other.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.01 Explain how the synthesis of new DNA strands begins at an origin of replication.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

32. Which of these proteins-functions is mismatched?

A. DNA polymerase..........DNA synthesis
B. DNA polymerase..........primer removal and replacement with DNA
C. DNA primase..........production of RNA primer
D. topoisomerase..........separates double-stranded DNA into single strands
E. single-stranded binding proteins..........prevents single DNA strands from reforming into a
double helix

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.02 Describe the functions of helicase, topoisomerase, singlestrand binding protein, primase, and DNA polymerase at the
replication fork.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-12
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

33. Why is there a need to produce Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, but not on the
leading strand of DNA?
A. The two parental strands of DNA are antiparallel and DNA polymerase makes DNA in the
5 to 3 direction only.
B. It is substantially more efficient to make several shorter strands rather than one longer
strand of DNA.
C. There is not enough cellular DNA ligase for bonding Okazaki fragments together if they
were produced from both parental strands.
D. By having one leading strand and one lagging strand the cell can limit the amount of DNA
polymerase used for chromosomal replication.
E. The leading strand opens first, and so Okazaki fragments are not needed. The lagging
strand unwinds second resulting in the need to produce Okazaki fragments.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

LO: 09.05.03 Outline the key differences between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

True / False Questions

34. Studies by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty with different strains of bacteria, and those by
Gierer and Schramm with viruses, determined that proteins are highly complex molecules that
form the genetic material for bacteria and viruses.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.02 Analyze the results of the experiments that identified DNA as the genetic material.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

35. A strand of DNA is composed of nucleotide bases, sulfate groups, and sugars.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

9-13
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

36. When considering the complexity of genetic material, multiple genes are found within a
chromosome.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

37. If there is 28% adenine, then there must be 28% cytosine for the DNA composition of a
particular organism.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

LO: 09.05.04 List three reasons why DNA replication is very accurate.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: Quantitative Reasoning

38. DNA is a double helix structure whose strands are held together by hydrogen bonds with
A to T and C to G base pairing.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

39. DNA helicase and topoisomerase are similar insofar as they promote the unwinding and
uncoiling of DNA.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.05.02 Describe the functions of helicase, topoisomerase, singlestrand binding protein, primase, and DNA polymerase at the
replication fork.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-14
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

40. If the sequence for one strand of DNA is 3-TCGATT-5 then its complementary strand
would have a sequence of 3-AGCTAA-5.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

LO: 09.04.02 Explain how the double-stranded structure of DNA and the AT/GC rule allow DNA to be replicated semiconservatively.
Section: 09.04 An Overview of DNA Replication
Topic: An Overview of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

41. Okazaki fragments are sequences of DNA most often found on the lagging strand of
DNA during DNA replication.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

LO: 09.05.03 Outline the key differences between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

Multiple Choice Questions

42. Which characteristic of genetic material accounts for the phenomenon of natural
selection?
A. Information
B. Replication
C. Transmission
D. Replication and Transmission
E. Variation

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.01 List the four key criteria that the genetic material must fulfill.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

9-15
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

43. Which characteristic of genetic material accounts for the need to get a flu vaccine every
year, but a polio vaccine once in a life time?
A. Information
B. Replication
C. Transmission
D. Replication and Transmission
E. Variation

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.01 List the four key criteria that the genetic material must fulfill.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

44. Which function of genetic material accounts for the appropriate expression of proteins?
A. Information storage
B. Ability to replicate
C. Transmission to the next generation
D. Ability to replicate and transmission to the next generation
E. Production of variation within and between species

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.01 List the four key criteria that the genetic material must fulfill.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

9-16
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

45. Which function of genetic material accounts for high level protection, such as
multiple DNA repair mechanisms and storage within the double membrane of the nucleus,
that is afforded to eukaryotic cells?
A. Information storage
B. Ability to replicate
C. Transmission to the next generation
D. Ability to replicate and transmission to the next generation
E. Production of variation within and between species

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.01 List the four key criteria that the genetic material must fulfill.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

46. Which function of genetic material accounts for hemoglobin proteins to be expressed in
blood (bone marrow) and myoglobin proteins to be expressed in muscle tissue?
A. Information storage
B. Ability to replicate
C. Transmission to the next generation
D. Ability to replicate and transmission to the next generation
E. Production of variation within and between species

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.01.01 List the four key criteria that the genetic material must fulfill.
Section: 09.01 Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Topic: Properties and Identification of the Genetic Material
Type: BioConnection

47. Which of these statements is FALSE?

A. One chromosome is made up of many DNA molecules
B. A eukaryotic genome is made up of many DNA molecules
C. A DNA double helix is composed of both covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
D. A strand of DNA is made up of many nucleotides

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.02.02 Describe the structure of nucleotides, a DNA strand, and the DNA double helix.
Section: 09.02 Nucleic Acid Structure
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure
Type: BioConnection

9-17
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

48. Without the work of Rosalind Franklin, Watson and Crick would not have known
A. which nucleotides could pair together.
B. how many strands of DNA made up the molecule.
C. the shape of the molecule.
D. the width of the molecule.
E. nucleotide pairs, number of strands, molecular shape, and molecular width.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.03.01 Describe and interpret the work of Franklin; Chargaff; and Watson and Crick.
Section: 09.03 Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Topic: Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Type: BioConnection

49. Without data from the base composition studies of Chargoff, what might Watson and
Crick’s modeling studies have erroneously concluded?
A. Bases could pair with themselves (e.g. A with A, C with C)
B. Any purine could pair with any purine
C. Any pyrimidine could pair with any pyrimidine
D. Any purine could pair with any purine and any pyrimidine could pair with any pyrimidine
E. Any purine could pair with any pyrimidine

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

LO: 09.03.01 Describe and interpret the work of Franklin; Chargaff; and Watson and Crick.
Section: 09.03 Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Topic: Discovery of the Double-Helix Structure of DNA
Type: BioConnection

50. What can be said about the leading versus the lagging strand in DNA population?
A. The leading strand is replicated continuously for the entire length of the chromosome,
while the lagging strand is replicated in pieces.
B. The lagging strand is synthesized in a semiconservative fashion while the leading strand is
synthesized in a conservative fashion
C. Synthesis of the lagging strand requires more helicase enzymes than synthesis of the
leading strand.
D. The lagging strand has a higher mutation rate than the leading strand

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.03 Outline the key differences between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

9-18
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

51. Some bacteria have been found to have much higher rates of mutation than other members
of their populations; they are termed “mutators.” What do you think is the reason for their
faster rates of mutation?
A. They have much smaller genomes than regular bacteria.
B. They are much better at bacterial transformation than regular bacteria.
C. They are incapable of bacterial transformation.
D. Their DNA polymerase has compromised 3’ to 5’ proofreading function.
E. Their DNA polymerase has compromised 5’ to 3’ polymerase function.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.05.02 Describe the functions of helicase, topoisomerase, singlestrand binding protein, primase, and DNA polymerase at the
replication fork.
Section: 09.05 Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Topic: Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication
Type: BioConnection

52. What can be said about interphase chromosomes?

A. Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted, overlapping, and intertwined with each
other within the nucleus.
B. Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted and do not associate with histones until the
cell is preparing to divide.
C. Interphase chromosomes are also known as euchromatin. Condensed, metaphase
chromosomes are also known as heterochromatin.
D. Interphase chromosomes contain radial loops that are formed due to interactions between
histone proteins and intermediate filaments.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.06.01 Describe the structure of nucleosomes and the 30-nm fiber, and how the 30-nm fiber forms radial loop domains.
Section: 09.06 Molecular Structure of Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Topic: Molecular Structure of Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Type: BioConnection

9-19
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

53. What is true of chromatin?

A. Many active genes are found in heterochromatin, because proteins involved in
transcription can easily access these regions of DNA.
B. Many active genes are found in euchromatin, because proteins involved in transcription
can easily access these regions of DNA.
C. Euchromatin is most easily viewed in interphase cells.
D. Heterochromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before
DNA can be replicated.
E. Euchromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA
can be replicated.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Gradable: automatic
LO: 09.06.02 Outline the various levels of compaction that lead to a metaphase chromosome.
Section: 09.06 Molecular Structure of Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Topic: Molecular Structure of Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Type: BioConnection

9-20
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.