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Chapter 09
Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure
1. Type S Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium is lethal and will kill its host. If heat
inactivated the S strain dies and becomes nonlethal. Type R Streptococcus pneumoniae is a
nonvirulent strain of bacteria. What would occur if one were to inject both the R strain and
heat-killed S strains into a host organism such as the mouse?
A. The S strain would be transformed into the nonvirulent R strain and kill the host.
B. The R strain would be transformed into the virulent S strain and kill the host.
C. The S strain would be transformed into the nonvirulent R strain and not affect the host.
D. The R strain would be transformed into the virulent S strain and not affect the host.
E. Neither the S nor the R strain would change.
9-1
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure
3. Griffith first proposed the "transformation principle" through his studies on Streptococcus
pneumoniae bacterium. What molecule was later found to be responsible for this
phenomenon?
A. protein
B. RNA
C. DNA
D. phage
E. bacteriophage
4. Who discovered that DNA was the genetic material or transforming factor that could
convert nonvirulent R-type Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium to the virulent S-type?
A. Weismann and Nageli
B. Griffith
C. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
D. Hershey and Chase
E. Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin
Although Griffith performed the original experiment with the mouse, discovering the "transformation principle"
phenomenon, he did not know what molecule was responsible for the phenomenon. 20 years later, Avery, MacLeod, and
McCarty used Griffith's work as the basis for discovering that the transforming factor was DNA
9-2
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure
9-3
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure
8. What is the highest (or most complex) level of structure for genetic material?
A. nucleotide
B. double helix
C. DNA
D. gene
E. chromosome
9-4
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure
12. What was one of the pieces of evidence most critical to the discovery of DNA structure?
A. its composition of four different nucleotides
B. its mode of replication
C. an X-ray diffraction pattern suggesting a double helix shape
D. the backbone containing sugar-phosphate linkages
E. the covalent bonding between different nucleotides
9-5
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure
15. A DNA specimen that contains 30% guanine contains how much thymine?
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 60%
E. The amount of thymine cannot be determined.
16. Which purine base forms 3 hydrogen bonds when binding its complementary nucleotide
base?
A. guanine
B. cytosine
C. thymine
D. uracil
E. adenine
9-6
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The secret
history of the court of Spain during the last
century
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
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Title: The secret history of the court of Spain during the last century
Language: English
Frontispiece
THE SECRET HISTORY OF
THE COURT OF SPAIN
DURING THE LAST CENTURY
BY
RACHEL CHALLICE
NEW YORK
D . A P P L E T O N & C O M PA N Y
MCMIX
AUTHOR’S NOTE
CHAPTER PAGE
Index 345
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Key
===
A = Antonio (son of Duke of Montpensier)
CB = Carlos de Bourbon
CG = Count of Girgenti
DCM = Don Carlos, Count of Montemolin
DP = De la Paz
FA = Francisco de Asis
FP = Francisco de Paula
LF = Luis Ferdinand of Bavaria
MCA = Maria Cristina of Austria
MCN = Maria Cristina of Naples
(sister of Luisa Carlota and of Princess of Beira)
Mcd = Mercedes (cousin to Alfonso XII.)
MF = Maria Francisca of Portugal
(sister of Isabel of Braganza)
MJA = Maria Josefa Amalia of Saxony
MLF = Maria Luisa Fernanda
MM = Maria de las Mercedes (Princess of Asturias)
MT = Maria Teresa
P = Pilar (Infanta)
PM = Princess of Modena
VE = Victoria Eugénie of Battenberg
1800–1804
And then the Queen once more poured into her friend’s ears her
doubts and fears as to her future and that of Charles IV.
From the time Maria Antonia of Naples married the eighteen-
year-old Prince of Asturias in 1802, she proved herself an active
partisan of her husband and his tutor Escoiquiz, and if she had lived
longer her clear-sightedness might have prevented the surrender of
Spain to Bonaparte.
In obedience to her mother, Queen Caroline of Naples, the
Princess of Asturias was unremitting in her efforts to contravert the
plans of her irreconcilable enemy Napoleon, which were
subsequently furthered by the short-sighted policy of Godoy and
Maria Luisa. Secret and almost daily were the letters which passed
between Princess Maria Antonia and Queen Caroline, and, as the
correspondence was conducted in cipher, it entered the Court of
Naples without attracting any attention, and thus many diplomatic
secrets from Madrid travelled thence to England. In the bitter warfare
of personal hatred and political intrigue no accusations were too bad
to be levelled by one part of the Spanish Royal Family against the
other.
The partisans of the Prince and Princess of Asturias declared that
Godoy and Maria Luisa filled the King’s mind with suspicions against
Ferdinand, even to the point of attributing parricidal thoughts to him,
so that the King might disinherit him and put Godoy in his place. And
the followers of Godoy declared that the Princess of Asturias not
only had designs against the Prince of the Peace, but against the
Sovereigns themselves.
The secret correspondence between Queen Caroline and her
daughter was found years afterwards in the house of the Duke of
Infantado, and it showed the hatred of the Prince and his wife
towards the Queen’s favourite, whilst speaking of the King as if he
already had one foot in the grave. One of these letters to Naples was
intercepted by Napoleon, and it fully convinced him of the part
played by Prince Ferdinand and his wife with regard to France.
The people’s discontent with Godoy was fostered by Ferdinand’s
followers, and, indeed, the government of the turbulent country
required a more expert hand than that of the favourite.
The clergy were also enraged when they heard that the Minister
had received a Bull from Rome for the reform of the monastic