Sociology A Down to Earth Approach

13th Edition Henslin Test Bank

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Henslin, Sociology, 13th Edition, Test Bank

Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks

Multiple-Choice Questions

TB_Q6.1.1
People who have something in common, and who believe that what they have in
common is significant, form a
a. hunting and gathering society.
b. group.
c. domestication revolution.
d. pastoral society.

Answer: b. group.
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.1.2
A(n) _____ consists of people who share a culture and a territory.
a. society
b. group
c. industrial society
d. horticultural society

Answer: a. society
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.1.3
What is the largest and most complex type of group?
a. Hunting and gathering society
b. Shaman

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—2)

c. Society
d. Agricultural revolution

Answer: c. Society
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know

TB_Q6.1.4
A _____ society is a human group that depends on hunting and gathering for its
survival.
a. horticultural
b. biotech
c. pastoral
d. hunting and gathering

Answer: d. hunting and gathering

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.1.5
A shaman is a tribe’s healing specialist who attempts to control the
a. effects of a biotech society.
b. spirits thought to cause a disease.
c. transition to an industrial society.
d. avatars.

Answer: b. spirits thought to cause a disease.

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—3)

TB_Q6.1.6
Of all societies, _____ are the most egalitarian.
a. hunters and gatherers
b. those in a biotech society
c. people living after the Industrial Revolution
d. members of an information society

Answer: a. hunters and gatherers

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

TB_Q6.1.7
Which was the first social revolution?
a. Domestication
b. Information
c. Biotech
d. Industrial

Answer: a. Domestication
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.1.8
The invention of the microchip was key to the _____ revolution.
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth

Answer: d. fourth
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—4)

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.1.9
A consequence of animal domestication and plant cultivation was
a. no food surplus.
b. smaller human groups.
c. less dependable food supply.
d. larger human groups.

Answer: d. larger human groups.

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.1.10
What was pastoral society based upon?
a. Use of hand tools
b. Large-scale agriculture
c. The pasturing of animals
d. Invention of the plow

Answer: c. The pasturing of animals

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.1.11
In a horticultural society, people cultivated plants using
a. machines.
b. hand tools.
c. the plow.
d. the microchip.

Answer: b. hand tools.

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—5)

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of

societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.1.12
What happened in the first revolution?
a. Many people starved.
b. Agriculture greatly increased in scale.
c. Plants were cultivated and animals were domesticated.
d. The plow was invented.

Answer: c. Plants were cultivated and animals were domesticated.

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know

TB_Q6.1.13
The _____ revolution led to agricultural societies.
a. agricultural
b. industrial
c. domestication
d. pastoral

Answer: a. agricultural
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.1.14
An agricultural society is based on
a. pasturing animals.
b. large-scale agriculture.
c. invention of the plow.

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—6)

d. the use of hand tools.

Answer: b. large-scale agriculture.

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.1.15
In the _____ revolution, machines powered by fuels replaced most animal and
human power.
a. industrial
b. agricultural
c. domestication
d. French

Answer: a. industrial
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.1.16
A(n) _____ society is based on the harnessing of machines powered by fuels.
a. horticultural
b. agricultural
c. pastoral
d. industrial

Answer: d. industrial
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.1.17

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—7)

The information society is also called the _____ society.

a. IBM
b. new hunting and gathering
c. Apple
d. postindustrial

Answer: d. postindustrial
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.1.18
The _____society increasingly centers on modifying genetics to produce food,
medicine, and materials.
a. industrial
b. pastoral
c. biotech
d. information

Answer: c. biotech
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.1.19
_____ pastoral societies follow their animals to fresh pasture.
a. Nomadic
b. Postindustrial
c. Horticultural
d. Biotech

Answer: a. Nomadic
Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of
societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Moderate

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—8)

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.20
Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space, but who do not see
themselves as belonging together, make up a(n)
a. aggregate.
b. category.
c. in-group.
d. clique.

Answer: a. aggregate.
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.2.21
A(n) _____ consists of people who share similar characteristics, but who do not
think of themselves as belonging together.
a. out-group
b. reference group
c. category
d. primary group

Answer: c. category
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.2.22
As she was walking through the park, Consuela was struck by the sounds of two
improvising musicians. They were standing on the grass near some benches, one
playing a guitar and the other a flute, and Consuela stopped to listen to them. Half
a dozen other people also stopped. The people listening to the musicians made up
a(n)
a. category.
b. aggregate.

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—9)

c. social network.
d. secondary group.

Answer: b. aggregate.
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know

TB_Q6.2.23
When _____ groups are dysfunctional, and fail to meet the basic needs of
members, they produce dysfunctional adults.
a. secondary
b. reference
c. primary
d. aggregate

Answer: c. primary
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.24
A small group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and
cooperation is a(n)
a. primary group.
b. reference group.
c. secondary group.
d. out-group.

Answer: a. primary group.

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—10)

TB_Q6.2.25
A _____ group, compared with a primary group, is larger, relatively temporary,
more anonymous, formal, impersonal, and based on some interest or activity.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. categorical

Answer: b. secondary
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.26
Secondary groups tend to break down into
a. social networks.
b. other secondary groups.
c. primary groups.
d. reference groups.

Answer: c. primary groups.

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.27
One feels loyalty toward a(n)
a. in-group.
b. aggregate.
c. out-group.
d. category.

Answer: a. in-group.
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—11)

Topic/Concept: Groups within Society

Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.2.28
One feels antagonism to a(n)
a. out-group.
b. primary group.
c. aggregate.
d. in-group.

Answer: a. out-group.
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.29
When we evaluate ourselves, we use
a. reference groups.
b. categories.
c. out-groups.
d. primary groups.

Answer: a. reference groups.

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.30
_____ are the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together.
a. Cliques
b. Reference groups
c. All groups
d. Social networks

Answer: d. Social networks

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—12)

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,

secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.31
When a cluster of people within a larger group choose to interact with one
another, they form a(n)
a. social network.
b. society.
c. clique.
d. aggregate.

Answer: c. clique.
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.32
When it comes to inequality, our social networks
a. reflect it.
b. help to perpetuate it.
c. both reflect it and help to perpetuate it.
d. are unrelated to inequality.

Answer: c. both reflect it and help to perpetuate it.

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

TB_Q6.2.33
Stanley Milgram researched the
a. use of out-groups.
b. small world phenomenon.

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—13)

c. reasons people join primary groups.

d. use of in-groups.

Answer: b. small world phenomenon.

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.34
_____ refer(s) to the ways that individuals affect groups, and the ways that groups
influence individuals.
a. Dyads
b. Group dynamics
c. Leadership styles
d. Groupthink

Answer: b. Group dynamics

Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.3.35
In _____, everyone can interact directly with all the other members.
a. large groups
b. a society
c. group dynamics
d. small groups

Answer: d. small groups

Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—14)

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.36
The smallest possible group consists of
a. one person.
b. two people.
c. three people.
d. 10 people.

Answer: b. two people.

Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.37
A(n) _____ is a group of three people.
a. triad
b. large group
c. dyad
d. example of groupthink

Answer: a. triad
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.3.38
Triads tend to produce
a. dyads.
b. coalitions.
c. groups of four.
d. groups of six.

Answer: b. coalitions.

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—15)

Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.39
Arbitration and coalitions are characteristics of
a. dyads.
b. triads.
c. all groups.
d. equality.

Answer: b. triads.
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.40
In a dyad, how many relationships are possible?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Six

Answer: a. One
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.41
Fifteen is the largest number of relationships possible in a group of

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—16)

a. three.
b. six.
c. nine.
d. 15.

Answer: b. six.
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Understand
Skill Level: Apply What You Know

TB_Q6.3.42
A _____ influences other people.
a. dyad
b. leader
c. group dynamic
d. triad

Answer: b. leader
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

TB_Q6.3.43
Leaders are more likely to be
a. short.
b. unpleasant.
c. unremarkable in appearance.
d. tall.

Answer: d. tall.
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—17)

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.44
A leader focused on tasks, on keeping the group moving toward its goals, is a(n)
_____ leader.
a. expressive
b. instrumental
c. laissez-faire
d. authoritarian

Answer: b. instrumental
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.45
A(n) _____ leader increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group.
a. expressive
b. authoritarian
c. aggressive
d. instrumental

Answer: a. expressive
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.46
Any leadership style might create resentment, but the one most likely to do so is
the _____ leadership style.
a. democratic
b. expressive
c. authoritarian

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—18)

d. instrumental

Answer: c. authoritarian
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

TB_Q6.3.47
A group of students was setting up tables for a picnic. Barb gave everyone orders
about how to do it, demonstrating a(n) _____ leadership style.
a. democratic
b. expressive
c. laissez-faire
d. authoritarian

Answer: d. authoritarian
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know

TB_Q6.3.48
A(n) _____ leader tries to gain consensus among group members.
a. democratic
b. expressive
c. laissez-faire
d. authoritarian

Answer: a. democratic
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—19)

TB_Q6.3.49
The most permissive leadership style is the _____ leader.
a. instrumental
b. laissez-faire
c. authoritarian
d. democratic

Answer: b. laissez-faire
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.3.50
Solomon Asch’s classic experiment showed that the group
a. is so powerful that most people will say things they know are not true.
b. is much weaker than the individual.
c. could care less about conformity.
d. is so powerful that all group members will say things they know are not true.

Answer: a. is so powerful that most people will say things they know are not true.
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

Essay Questions

TB_Q6.1.51: What were the social transformations of society?

Feedback: The social transformations of society are (1) domestication, (2)

agricultural, (3) industrial, and (4) information. The biotech society may
be the newest transformation.

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(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—20)

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Summarize the main characteristics of these types of

societies: hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural, agricultural,
industrial, postindustrial, and biotech.
Topic/Concept: Societies and Their Transformation
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

TB_Q6.2.52: Give one example of an aggregate and one example of a category.

Feedback: An example of an aggregate would be any collection of people who do

not see themselves as belonging together, such as onlookers. An example
of a category is people with similar characteristics who are classified
together, but are a group only in a statistical sense, such as bald people.
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

TB_Q6.2.53: Is the small world phenomenon an academic myth? Why or why

not?

Feedback: Stanley Milgram’s 1967 experiment on the small world phenomenon

concluded that most people in the United States are separated by just six
individuals (“six degrees of separation”). Thirty-five years later, another
psychologist, Judith Kleinfeld, found that Milgram had stacked the deck in
favor of success. But some more recent experiments have had findings
similar to Milgram’s. It has been shown that 250 million people who
exchanged chat messages showed a link of less than seven, and 700
million people on Facebook showed a connection of less than five. It is
possible that Milgram stumbled onto the truth.
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

TB_Q6.3.54: In just a few words, what is the effect of growing group size?

Copyright © 2017 by Pearson Inc. All Rights Reserved.

(Henslin 13e Test Bank) (6—21)

Feedback: As a small group grows larger, it becomes more stable, but its
intensity–or intimacy–decreases. This is because as each new person
comes into a group, the connections among people multiply.
Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Be familiar with the effects of group size on stability,
intimacy, attitudes and behavior; types and styles of leaders; the Asch
experiment on peer pressure; the Milgram experiment on authority; and
the implications of groupthink.
Topic/Concept: Group Dynamics
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

TB_Q6.3.55: What is groupthink? Give an example.

Feedback: Groupthink is a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to

the perception that there is only one correct answer, and that to even
suggest alternatives is a sign of disloyalty. It could be called collective
tunnel vision, and it can bring catastrophe. There are plenty of examples.
In the text, examples include the use of torture following 9/11 as “the
lesser of two evils”; refusal by U.S. officials during the Vietnamese war to
believe that “little, uneducated, barefoot people in pajamas could defeat
the U.S. military”; and refusal by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his
chiefs of staff to believe that the Japanese were preparing to attack Pearl
Harbor.
Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Discuss the main characteristics of primary groups,
secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, and social
networks.
Topic/Concept: Groups within Society
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It

Copyright © 2017 by Pearson Inc. All Rights Reserved.