IDENTIFICATION BEHAVIORISM THEORY IN

CONVERATION VIDEO
“Daily Routines Conversation”

Anjali Fitriana1, Iqbal Izzan Aziz2, Mochammad Zainul Huda3,

Halwa Yunia Putri4, Pandu Dewa Kusuma5, Ferro Alfarrel Seconda6,
Syaharani Faradisa7, Prof.Dr. Hj. Dwi Ima1
English Education Study Program, Faculty of Education and Teaching
Learning, Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah State Islamic University,
Tulungagung. 66221, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstrak versi Bahasa Inggris ditulis menggunakan Bahasa Inggris pakem British dalam
bentuk past tense dan kalimat yang berpatutan. Hasil dan kesimpulan ditulis dalam bentuk
present tense. Abstract diharapkan lebih komunikatif dan tidak monoton. Kalimat sederhana
dalam Bahasa Inggris minimal mengandung unsur subject dan predicate.

Keywords : Behavioursm Theory, Conversation Video, Learning Theory.

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 1. INTRODUCTION
Father of Indonesian National Education
Ki Hajar Dewantara defined that the meaning
of Education is; "Education is the demand
within the life of growing children, education
guides all the inherent strengths in these
children, so that they, as humans and as
members of society, can achieve the highest
possible safety and happiness."
Education is a "conscious and planned
effort to create an enjoyable learning
atmosphere, enabling learners to actively
develop their potential in order to possess
spiritual and religious strength, self-control,
personality, intelligence, noble character, as
well as the necessary skills for themselves and
society." (Desi Pristiwanti, 2022)
Learning theory is a combination of
of interconnected principles and explanation of a
number of facts and discoveries related to
learning. (Irwan Novi, 2016)
2. METHOD
The writing of this article is a type of
writing that is a literature review or literature
study. The data in this article is presented in a
descriptive manner that shows a scientific
study that can be further developed and applied
developed and applied further. The object of
writing the description in this article is about
application of behaviorism learning theory in
learning (study on children).
The technique used in data collection
begins with collecting relevant references, both
in the form of written texts and soft copy
editions, such as scientific journals, ebooks,
online articles, and other materials. Journals,
ebooks, online articles, and government
publications. Soft copy edition references can
be obtained from internet sources that are
accessed online. Both references are the main
sources in the literature study that explains the
variables in writing this article. After searching
for references that are relevant to the data
needed, then the author analyzes the existing
data.analyze the existing data. The next step is
to sort out the information that is relevant to
the issues discussed until finally a solution is
formed from the problems discussed in this
article of this article. The process carried out in
writing this article is
Searching, which is looking for data
sources from books, newspapers, journals, and
other sources. Data from books, newspapers,
journals, and online articles that are in
accordance with the problem to be studied
Identifying, namely selecting data sources and
information that has been collected; Studying,
trying to understand more about the sources of
data and information.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Definition of Behaviourism
Behaviorist learning theory is a theory
that explains learning in relation to
environmental events. Behaviorism theory
places emphasis on environmental
conditions which are closely related to the
learning process (Schunk, 2012).
According to (Nahar, 2016) behaviorist
learning theory is a learning theory that
requires a teacher to provide stimulation as
a stimulus to children and the results of
this stimulus can be observed and
measured based on the aim of seeing
whether there are significant changes in
behavior.
Behaviorism is a school of psychology
that views individuals only in terms of
physical phenomena and ignores mental
aspects. In other words, behaviorism does
not recognize the intelligence, talents,
interests, and feelings of individuals in a
study. Learning events train reflexes in
such a way that they become habits that are
mastered by individuals.
In the Psychology Dictionary, several
definitions of behaviorism are mentioned:
a. The views of some psychologists in the
early 20th century who opposed the
method of introspection; and recommends
that psychology be limited to the study of
visible behavior (observable behavior) as a
basis for consideration of scientific data.
b. A flow system of psychology developed by
John B. Watson. A general view that
emphasizes the role of observable behavior
(overt behavior) and reduces the meaning
of mental processes.
c. The view that states that human and animal
behavior can be understood, bias can be
predicted and controlled without the help
of information relating to his mental state.
A flow of psychology, which emphasizes
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 that psychology is limited to the study of
behavior. Behaviorism is a school of
psychology founded by John B. Watson
in 1913 who argues that behavior must be
a single subject of psychology.
Behaviorism is a revolutionary school,
persuasive and influential, and has deep
historical roots. Behaviorism was born as a
reaction to introspection (which analyzes the
human soul based on subjective reports) and
also Psychoanalysis (which talks about the
invisible subconscious). The theory of
learning behaviorism psychology was
advanced by behavioristic psychologists.
They believe that human behavior is
controlled by rewards or reinforcement from
the environment. Thus in the practice of
learning, there is a close relationship between
behavioral reactions with stimulation.
(Muhajirah, 2020)
3.2 Figures of Behavioursm Learning
Theory
3.2.1 Gagne and Berliner
This theory favors
measurement because
measurement is the important
thing to see if behavior has
changed. Responses to
stimuli can be reinforced by
positive or negative feedback
on the desired behavior.
(Irwan Novi, 2016)
3.2.2 Edward Lee Thorndike
According to Thorndike,
learning is a process of
interaction between a their community, this is why humans are so
stimulus (anything that can
stimulate the occurrence of
learning, such as mind,
feeling and movement) with a
response (the response that a
child produces when
learning, such as thoughts,
feelings and
movements/actions). Thus, a
change in the behavior of
learning activities can be
something that can be
observed or something that
cannot be observed.
(Amalia & Fadholi, 2018)
. are two things that teachers need to
Thorndike's theory is also
known as connection association
because according to the study, it is the
process of making a connection between
a stimulus and a response. Among
others, Thorndike states three principles
or laws of study: (1) The Law of
Reading, which is learning that will be
successful if the child is prepared to do
an activity, because if the child is
prepared to respond, it will lead to a
satisfactory response, (2) The Law of
Practice , which is learning, will be
successful if there is a lot of practice and
always repeating what has been
acquired, (3) The law of effect, which is
learning, will be eager if the child
knows and has good results.
(Abdurakhman & Rusli, 1
.
3.3 Definition of Education Based on a
Systems Approach
Based on a systems approach, education is a
whole consisting of several elements that are
interrelated in terms of their use in order to
achieve educational goals, namely converting
input into output. In the Education System
there is a transformation process, which
ultimately is the process of changing students
so that they become educated people according
to the educational purposes that have been
implemented. In this case, all layers of
education should ideally carry out their
respective functions and correlate with each
other, focusing on the advancement of
educational goals. Education is an effort in
educational humanism which aims to support
humans to increase their human potential.
Therefore, humans cannot be separated from
closely related to the environment. One way to
get a more precise portrait of education is to
use a Systems Approach. The aim of the
Systems Approach in education itself is as an
effort to develop the achievement of the goals
that have been formulated. (Ratih Elvikha
Yulasri, 2019)
3.4 Application of Behaviorist Learning
Theory in Learning (Studies on Children)
Application of behaviorism learning theory in
learning to achieve maximum goals, There
prepare, namely: (1) Analyzing initial
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abilities and child characteristics; so that
children have a number of competencies
as determined in basic competency
standards, it is necessary to analyze initial
abilities and characteristics because there
will be several benefits that teachers will
get if they carry out this These include: a)
the teacher will get a detailed picture of
abilities a child's beginnings which will later
serve as a prerequisite for the new material
to be delivered, b) the teacher will get an
overview and type of experience that the
child has had, so that they can provide
material that is more relevant and easy for
children to understand, c) teachers can
knowing the socio-cultural background of
children including family, economic, etc., d)
teachers can find out the child's needs,
know the child's growth and development
level, and determine the level of mastery
that the child has previously obtained. (2)
Planning the material lessons that will be
taught to children; to be able to provide
learning services To all groups of
students/children, teachers use at least
two approaches, namely: a) Children adapt
to the material that will be given by the
teacher giving tests and grouping (test
carried out before children take part in
learning), b) learning materials adapted to
the child's circumstances. Then, based on
the results of the analysis of students'
initial abilities Through this test, teachers
can analyze the percentage level of
mastery of learning material by dividing it
into two, namely some children who
already understand and some children who
don't understand the material yet. Next,
there is a strategic plan that can be carried
out by the relevant teacher The problem is
that for children who already know the
material, learning can be done in co-
curricular form, namely children are asked
to study and discuss in groups and present
the results as a percentage, while for
children who do not yet know the material,
the teacher should explain it fully to the
children in class.
Behavioristic learning theory emphasizes
changes in behavior as a result of the
interaction between stimulus and
response, while learning is an activity that
requires students to re-express the
knowledge they have learned. According to
Mukinan (1997:23), several of these
principles are: (1) behaviorist learning
theory assumes that what is called learning
is a change in behavior. A person is said to
have learned if the person concerned can
show changes in behavior, (2) this theory
assumes that the most important thing in
learning is the presence of stimulus and
response, because this can be observed,
while what happens is considered
unimportant because it cannot be observed,
and ( 3) reinforcement, namely anything that
can strengthen the emergence of a
response, namely
3.5 Characteristics of Behavioristic
Education
Broadly speaking, Toenlioe (2014) mentions
the main ideas about education based on
behaviorism psychology have the following
characteristics: 1) Education is the process
of changing behavior to achieve goals
according to certain standards using
stimulus-response association-based
habituation techniques; 2) The main
educational techniques of behaviorism are
modeling, positive reinforcement, negative
reinforcement, elimination, and diversion; 3)
The teacher is the executor of learning
according to the standard provisions that
have been previously set by parties outside
of him; 4) Students are obliged to carry out
the demands of the teacher without
compromise as a logical implication of the
existence of standard provisions that must
be achieved by the teacher; 5) The purpose
of learning is to change behavior in the
form of increasing knowledge, skills, and
attitudes in students; 6) Learning content is
objective, structured, permanent, and has a
single standard; 7) The main method used
in the learning strategy is the lecture and
drill method; 8) In structuring the learning
climate, the techniques of motivation,
positive reinforcement, negative
reinforcement, diversion, and punishment
are used; and 9) In terms of learning
evaluation, the right reference is criteria or
benchmarks, with an emphasis on learning
outcomes.
3.6 Impact on Curriculum Development
Historically, the application of psychological
4
theories to education was not consistent.
John Dewey (1938) was credited for
beginning the constructivist movement. In
fact, the whole thinking-skills movement
began for the most part with Dewey's work
(Sternberg, 2008). “The three fundamental
learning theories that were found to be
most important in the formulation of the
learning design model were those based
upon behaviorism, cognition and
constructivism (including both socio-
constructivism and communal
constructivism)” (Barker, 2008, p. 130).
The behavioral theory has influenced
curriculum development for many years.
Behaviorists view learning as a process
that results from the connections created
from a stimuli-response relationship, and
the desire to learn is assumed to be driven
by these relationships (Kim & Hatton,
n.d.). Furthermore, the behavioral theory
focuses primarily on objectively and
observable behaviors.
3.7 Impact on Instructional Design
Behaviorists believed that meaning exists
in the world separate from personal
experience. All instructional goals are
framed in specific, behavioral, and
observable terms. In this approach, the
instructor is the focus of the presentation
and interaction. Teachers work with the
individual students when they need extra
help. The student’s role is to absorb
instructional presentations and material,
and use them to create performances
which indicate attainment of correct mental
models. Structured assignments are
directly linked to the learning objectives.
There is minimal or no cohort discussion
in this model of direct instruction.
Assessment and evaluation are based
upon individual tests and performances to
demonstrate mastery of entities, activities,
and processes.
CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Behaviorism theory describes learning as a
shift in behavior that results from the
interaction of a stimulus and response,
which is then enhanced by the reward that
follows (reinforcement). Behaviorism
theory ignores issues related to mental
activity that occurs between stimulus and
reaction because it views it as subjective
(cannot be observed and measured).
Consequently, the behavioristic point of
view compares student learning to machine
or animal (mechanistic) learning. The
machine learning approach sees knowledge
as something fixed and objective, and
behavioristic learning activities only see
learning as the transmission of knowledge
from teacher to student. While students only
absorb it passively, the teacher is more
active. Therefore, the curriculum is designed
to apply to all students, regardless of
interests, skills, learning preferences, or
other differences. The application of
behaviorist learning is not perfect. Some
materials and circumstances still allow the
use of this method. Children, for example,
still need role models, reinforcement in the
form of praise and rewards, and in some
circumstances, the consequences of
punishment.
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