Pagel EXTRA READING TOPIC FOR MINDMAP: In some countries, many people do not have enough money to access the Internet. Some people believe that governments should be responsible for ensuring that everyone can get free access to the Internet. Others, however, argue that we should pay for Internet access. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. A. Read the following text and learn interesting vocabulary and ideas from it. Refer to the Glossary in. part B for explanations of the meaning of new words. In an increasingly digital world, the Internet has evolved from a luxury to a necessity in many countries. Millions of people in low-income countries still depend on public computer and Internet access venues despite the global proliferation of mobile phones and home computers. For this reason, governments should take steps to ensure that anyone who wants to use the Intemet can do so. -Many people are being left behind because they don’t have access to intemet or computers, We have heard stories of students driving 10 or 20 miles to idle outside of a closed library and use its Wi-Fi. We have also heard of people buying pizza from a restaurant with free Wi-Fi just so they ean check their email ~The technology is the driving force behind expansion of opportunity for the poor. Many people in low- and middle-income countries, including the underemployed, women, rural residents and other who are often marginalized, derive great benefits in such areas as education, employment and health when they use computers and the Intemet at public access venues. -The internet has become the most valuable tool in education since it provides an enormous amount of information. Free internet a provides educational opportunities for disadvantaged and marginalized people. ‘The Intemet has had an enormous learning. Distance education programs make it easier for students from disadvantaged backg1 attend classes remotely, cutting down the need for travel and reducing the resources required for education. npact on education, making it easier for individuals to engage in online s 10Page -Healtheare is another field greatly affected by the advent of the Internet. Online connectivity allows physicians much greater access to medical resources. Doctors in rural areas can also use the Internet to communicate with experts all over the world, improving the quality of diagnoses and treatments, which is again of enormous benefits for people from disadvantaged backgrounds and remote areas, Accessing the Internet requires a computer or a more expensive type of mobile phone, as well as a telephone line or wireless connection. All of these cost money, and therefore can be obstacles that could prevent people going online, Children whose families lack the necessary equipment and connections at home are at a disadvantage compared to children whose required to cover the cost of everyone using the Intemet from home, but these facilities could be provided free of charge at school libraries and public libraries, especially for educational purposes. families do. This does not mean that governments would be ~The Intemet should merit government spending. In poorer countries, governments could subsidies the purchase of the equipment and the provision of the infrastructure so that people can visit Intemet sites and download information quickly and reliably, and thereby be better able to compete in the national and global economy. B. GLOSSARY 1. A driving force behind/for/in sth (someone or something that has the power to make things happen) -Women are definitely a driving force in the industry. -Consumer spending was the driving force behind the economic growth in the summer. 2. marginalized (of.a person, group, or concept) treated as insignificant) -Female employees complained of being marginalized by management. -Now that English has taken over as the main language, the country’s native language has been marginalized. -Ethnic minority groups are often marginalized communities who suffer the greatest inequalities in health and education, 3. To derive sth (to get something, especially an advantage or a pleasant feeling, from something)Page3 -She derived great satisfaction from helping other people. ~The charity derives its income entirely from donations 4, To merit sth (deserve something, e.g, reward, punishment, or attention). -The subject of history merits emphasis in school curriculum as it helps us develop an understanding of both past and present -This plan merits careful attention, -Education and health care definitely merit government spending. 5. to evolve (to develop and change gradually over a long period of time) -The schoo! has evolved its own style of teaching. ~The group gradually evolved i 0 political party C. WHIS-TASK 1-SAMPLE Task 1-sample 1 This is an example of a very good answer. There are many different approaches that could be taken, however, and this is just one of them. This chart compares the different things that Canadian houscholds spent their money on in the years 1972 and in 2002. It shows that the spending habits of Canadians have changed a great deal in thirty years. In 1972, most of the annual expenditure, 39 percent, went towards food. A large percentage, 22 percent, was also spent on cars, and smaller, roughly equal percentages were spent on petrol, furniture, restaurants and books. Only three percent of the annual expenditure went towards computers, In contrast, in 2002, 40 percent of the annual expenditure went towards ears. Only 14 percent was spent on food, and an equal amount was spent on restaurants, so people seem to be cooking less. The amount spent on petrol and furniture only changed slightly, and the amount spent on books decreased, Expenditure on computers, however, increased to 11 percent, which is even more than what was spent on petrol.Pagel In conclusion, it seems that people in 2002 spent a higher proportion of their money on luxuries, such as nice cars or eating out, in contrast to 1972 when more seemed to be spent on necessities such as food and furniture, Task 1-sample 2 ‘The graphs describe how Canadian families allocate their expenditures in two separate years 1972 and 2002. Overall, there were dramatic changes in the spending pattems of Canadians. In 1972, almost half a Canadian houschold’s budget (39%) was spent on food. However the figure slumped to 14% in 2002. Expenditure on cars was 22% in 1972, nearly half that on food in the same year and almost doubled to 40% 30 years later, making it the biggest share of a family’s expenditure. Similarly, restaurants and computers both recorded rises from 8% and 3% to 14% and 11% respectively. A slight drop, on the contrary, was shown in the spending on petrol and furniture with each accounting for 9% of a fan ’s budget. Books also more than halved to 3%, constituting the smallest proportion of expenditure. In conclusion, spending on basic necessities like food and petrol declined while that on luxuries suel and eating out showed an opposite trend cars