0580 Mathematics (Extended)

Topics: Geometry (Part I)

Learning Objective
• Fundamental results
• Pythagoras’ Theorem
• Symmetry
• Similarity
• Congruence
• Circle Theorem
• Constructions
• Nets

Congruence

Congruence Test

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1. In the diagram, 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐶𝑋 and 𝐵𝑋 = 𝐷𝑋. Show that ∆𝐴𝐵𝑋 is congruent to ∆𝐶𝐷𝑋.

2. In the diagram, 𝐴𝐷 is parallel to 𝐵𝐶. Given that 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐶𝐵, 𝐴𝐵 = 4 cm and ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 100°
(a) prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 is congruent to ∆𝐶𝐷𝐵,

(b) find 𝐶𝐷 and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷.

𝐶𝐷 =…………...……………..
∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 =……….…………………

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3. In the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐶𝐸 and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶.
(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐸𝐵 is congruent to ∆𝐷𝐸𝐶.

(b) Name a triangle that is congruent to ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.

…………...……………..

(c) Name a triangle that is congruent to ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷.

…………...……………..

4.

𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points on the circle, centre 𝑂.

𝑀 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑁 is the midpoint of 𝐶𝐷.
𝑂𝑀 = 𝑂𝑁.
Explain, giving reasons, why triangle 𝑂𝐴𝐵 is congruent to triangle 𝑂𝐶𝐷.

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Circle Theorem

1. The diagram shows points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 on the circumference of a circle, centre 𝑂.

𝐴𝐷 is a straight line, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 and angle 𝑂𝐴𝐵 = 52°.

Find angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶.

Angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶 =………………………….

2.

𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points on the circle, centre 𝑂.

𝐵𝐶𝐸 is a straight line.
Angle 𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 108° and angle 𝐷𝐶𝐸 = 60°.
Calculate the values of 𝑤, 𝑥 and 𝑦.

𝑤 =………………………….

𝑥 =………………………….

𝑦 =………………………….

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3. The diagram shows points 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆 on the circumference of a circle, centre 𝑂.
𝑉𝑇 is the tangent to the circle at 𝑄.

Complete the statements.

(a) Angle 𝑄𝑃𝑆 = angle 𝑄𝑅𝑆 =………………° because ……………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Angle 𝑆𝑄𝑃 =………………° because ………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) Part (a) and part (b) show that

The cyclic quadrilateral 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is a ………………………………….

4.

𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 lie on a circle, centre 𝑂.

Angle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 𝑦° and angle 𝑃𝑂𝑅 = (2𝑦 − 60)°
Find the value of 𝑦.

𝑦 =………………………°

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5. (a)

𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points on the circle. 𝐴𝐷 is parallel to 𝐵𝐶.

The chords 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 intersect at 𝑋.
Find the value of 𝑢 and the value of 𝑣.

𝑢 =………………………………
𝑣 =………………………………

(b)

𝐹, 𝐺 and 𝐻 are points on the circle, centre 𝑂.

Find the value of 𝑝.

𝑝 =……………………………

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6. (a)

The points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 lie on the circumference of the circle.

𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 and angle 𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 42°. Find angle 𝐶𝐴𝐵.

Angle 𝐶𝐴𝐵 =………………………………..

(b)

The points 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆 lie on the circumference of the circle, centre 𝑂.

Angle 𝑄𝑂𝑆 = 146°. Find angle 𝑄𝑅𝑆.

Angle 𝑄𝑅𝑆 =………………………………..

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7.

In the diagram, points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 and 𝐹 lie on the circumference of the circle.

Angle 𝐵𝐹𝐶 = 19°, angle 𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 23° and angle 𝐴𝐵𝐸 = 67°. Find
(a) angle 𝐵𝐸𝐶,

Angle 𝐵𝐸𝐶 =………………………………..

(b) angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶,

Angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 =………………………………..

(c) angle 𝐵𝐶𝐸.

Angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 =………………………………..

8.

𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 and 𝐸 lie on the circle. 𝐴𝐵 is extended to 𝐹.

Angle 𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 140° and angle 𝐶𝐵𝐹 = 95°. Find the values of 𝑤, 𝑥 and 𝑦.

𝑤 =…………………..
𝑥 =…………………..
𝑦 =…………………..

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9.

𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 lie on the circle. 𝑃𝐶𝑄 is a tangent to the circle at 𝐶. Angle 𝐴𝐶𝑄 = 64°.
Work out angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, giving reasons for your answer.

Angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 =………………. because ……………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

10.

Points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 and 𝐹 lie on the circle, centre 𝑂.

Find the value of 𝑥 and the value of 𝑦.

𝑥 =…………………..
𝑦 =…………………..

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11.

𝐶 lies on a circle with diameter 𝐴𝐷.

𝐵 lies on 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐸 lies on 𝐴𝐷 such that 𝐵𝐸 is parallel to 𝐶𝐷.
𝐴𝐵 = 21 cm, 𝐶𝐷 = 18 cm and 𝐵𝐸 = 13.5 cm.
Work out the radius of the circle.

radius = ………………………… cm

12.

Find:
(a) angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶,

Angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶 =………………………………..

(b) angle 𝐴𝑂𝐶,

Angle 𝐴𝑂𝐶 =………………………………..

(c) angle 𝐵𝐴𝑇,

Angle 𝐵𝐴𝑇 =………………………………..

(d) angle 𝑂𝐴𝐵.

Angle 𝑂𝐴𝐵 =………………………………..

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13.(a)

𝐾, 𝐿 and 𝑀 are points on the circle. 𝐾𝑆 is a tangent to the circle at 𝐾.

𝐾𝑀 is a diameter and triangle 𝐾𝐿𝑀 is isosceles.
Find the value of 𝑧.

𝑧 =………………………………..

(b)

𝐴𝑇 is a tangent to the circle at 𝐴. Find the value of 𝑥.

𝑥 =………………………………..

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14.

𝑃, 𝑅 and 𝑄 are points on the circle. 𝐴𝐵 is a tangent to the circle at 𝑄.

𝑄𝑅 bisects angle 𝑃𝑄𝐵. Angle 𝐵𝑄𝑅 = 𝑥° and 𝑥 < 60.
Use this information to show that triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 is an isosceles triangle.
Give a geometrical reason for each step of your work.

15.

The diagram shows a cyclic quadrilateral.

Find the value of 𝑦.

𝑦 =………………………………..

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