America The Essential Learning Edition 1st Edition Shi Test Bank

America The Essential Learning Edition
1st Edition Shi Test Bank

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CHAPTER 08: The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850
TRUE/FALSE
1. Before 1845, steamboats were used more for transportation on the ocean than on internal
waterways.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 268

OBJ: 1. Describe how changes in transportation and communications altered the economic
landscape during the first half of the 19th century. TOP: Water Transportation
2. By the 1850s, trains traveled an average of forty miles an hour.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 269

landscape during the first half of the 19th century. TOP: Railroads
3. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin on a plantation in Georgia.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 273

OBJ: 2. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the way people worked and lived.
TOP: American Technology
4. The United States had caught up with Britain’s textile production by 1815.

TOP: Cotton
5. As late as 1860, three-fourths of the American people lived within twenty-five miles of the
Atlantic Ocean.

TOP: Farming the West
6. Church attendance and temperance were enforced among early workers at Lowell.

TOP: The Lowell System
7. The greatest proportionate influx of immigrants in the history of the United States came in
the 1820s.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how immigration altered the nation’s population and shaped its politics.
TOP: Immigration
8. Because they too had suffered discrimination, Irish immigrants tended to be sympathetic
to blacks.
TOP: The Irish
9. Most of the growth of the Catholic Church in America in the mid–nineteenth century can
be attributed to immigration from Ireland.

TOP: The Irish
10. The American party was based on nativism.

TOP: Nativism
11. The only professions open to women in the early 19th century were teaching and nursing.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 288

OBJ: 4. Evaluate the impact of the expanding capitalist “market economy” on workers,
professionals, and women. TOP: “Women’s Work”
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. All of the following, except one, revolutionized the United States during the mid-1800s.
a. Trains
b. Steamboats
c. Telephones
d. Cotton gin
e. Conestoga wagons
ANS: C
Topic: Economic Development | Introduction
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 265

landscape during the first half of the 19th century. NAT: Change and Continuity
MSC: Understanding
2. This invention by Robert Fulton dramatically reduced the time needed to carry goods to
market in the early 1800s.
a. Train
b. Steamboat
c. Turnpike
d. Canals
e. Airplane
ANS: B
Topic: Economic Development | Water Transportation
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 268
landscape during the first half of the 19th century. NAT: Events and Processes
MSC: Applying
3. Steamboats
a. were commercially profitable by the 1790s.
b. generally had at least twelve-foot drafts.
c. enabled faster and cheaper two-way travel along the Mississippi.
d. were usually built of steel.
e. soon made railroad obsolete.
ANS: C

NAT: Change and Continuity MSC: Understanding
4. The Erie Canal was primarily built by which immigrant group?

a. Germans
b. Irish
c. Czech
d. Italian
e. Polish
ANS: B

NAT: Change and Continuity MSC: Applying
5. What was the major advantage of railroads over water transportation?

a. They offered year-round operation.
b. They were cheaper.
c. They could go uphill.
d. They were subsidized by the government.
e. They could cross international borders.
ANS: A
Topic: Economic Development | Railroads

landscape during the first half of the 19th century. NAT: Historical Period
MSC: Understanding
6. Opening the Erie Canal did all of the following except

a. stretch from Albany to Buffalo.
b. dramatically reduce freight rates.
c. inspire more canal construction.
d. increase shipping through the port of New York.
e. bankrupt New York State with its cost.
ANS: E

professionals, and women. NAT: Change and Continuity
MSC: Applying
7. The first clipper ship was named the

a. Liberty.
b. Agamemnon.
c. Enterprise.
d. Rainbow.
e. Tecumseh.
ANS: D
Topic: Economic Development | Ocean Transportation

MSC: Applying
8. The _____ revolutionized transportation at sea during the 1840s.

a. steamboat
b. sail ship
c. submarine
d. clipper ship
e. screw-propelled ship
ANS: D
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 270

MSC: Applying
9. The advantage clipper ships had over traditional merchant vessels was their
a. greater cargo space.
b. speed.
c. ability to carry more passengers.
d. ability to sail upriver.
e. durability.
ANS: B

MSC: Evaluating
10. The phrase “internal improvements” is used to describe

a. the desire of people to better themselves through learning.
b. the government providing infrastructure for its citizens.
c. repairing relationships with Great Britain after the War of 1812.
d. establishing a buffer state west of the Mississippi for settlement by Indians.
e. when slaves were set free by their masters.
ANS: B
Topic: Economic Development | The Role of Government

professionals, and women. NAT: Historical Period
MSC: Remembering
11. What was the political problem in the early 19th century about spending government funds
on infrastructure?
a. Where should the new roads be built?
b. Should roads, or railways be built?
c. Was it constitutional?
d. How should it be funded?
e. Should the South receive more since they paid the majority of taxes?
ANS: C

MSC: Evaluating
12. The major way that Congress assisted railroad companies in building their lines was
a. giving them land.
b. refusing to collect taxes from them.
c. awarding monopolies to them so they had no competition.
d. paying them to build the rail lines.
e. forcing companies to use certain rails to transport their goods.
ANS: A

landscape during the first half of the 19th century. NAT: Events and Processes
MSC: Understanding
13. The telegraph was invented by

a. Albert Singer.
b. William Howe.
c. Samuel Morse.
d. William Sherman.
e. James Avery.
ANS: C
Topic: Economic Development | American Technology

landscape during the first half of the 19th century. NAT: Historical Period
MSC: Applying
14. What revolutionized cotton production in the South before the Civil War?
a. Slavery
b. The cotton gin
c. Tenant farming
d. Share cropping
e. The plantation system
ANS: B
Topic: Economic Development | Cotton

MSC: Understanding
15. What did Cyrus McCormick invent that revolutionized wheat production?
a. The iron plow
b. The tractor
c. The mechanical reaper
d. The cotton gin
e. The railroad
ANS: C
Topic: Economic Development | Farming the West

MSC: Applying
16. By 1860, what percentage of the U.S. population lived west of the Appalachians?
a. 10 percent
b. 15 percent
c. 25 percent
d. 35 percent
e. 50 percent
ANS: E

NAT: Historical Period MSC: Remembering
17. In 1830, Congress passed this law that allowed people to claim land before it was
surveyed.
a. Land Ordinance Act
b. Northwest Ordinance
c. Preemption Act
d. Graduation Act
e. Timberland Act
ANS: A

MSC: Applying
18. His steel plow is credited for transforming the West into farmland.
a. Eli Whitney
b. Ross Perot
c. John Deere
d. Samuel Clemens
e. Earl Wood
ANS: C

professionals, and women. NAT: Events and Processes
MSC: Understanding
19. The first American factories produced

a. shoes.
b. cotton textiles.
c. tobacco.
d. muskets.
e. cannon.
ANS: B
Topic: Economic Development | Early Textile Manufactures

professionals, and women. NAT: Events and Processes
MSC: Applying
20. This action stimulated the need for producing cloth domestically in the United States.
a. The War of 1812
b. Jefferson’s embargo
c. The Quasi-War
d. The Trail of Tears
e. The American Revolution
ANS: B

MSC: Understanding
21. A huge factory was built on the Merrimack River to provide a clean, rural atmosphere for
people to work and live around. It was built by
a. James Winfield.
b. Samuel Morris.
c. Adam Smith.
d. Francis Lowell.
e. William Sherman.
ANS: D
Topic: Economic Development | The Lowell System

NAT: Change and Continuity MSC: Remembering
22. The Tariff Bill of 1816 was passed due to

a. American factory owners being upset with the cheap price of British cotton
flooding the markets.
b. England’s refusal to open the West Indies to American trade.
c. the South’s refusal to build factories.
d. the failure of Jefferson’s embargo to stop immigration.
e. the loss of income from the British blockade of France during the French
Revolution.
ANS: A

MSC: Understanding
23. Why did New England shipping companies oppose tariffs?

a. It would force them to make more trips across the Atlantic Ocean.
b. It would mean fewer items brought on their ships from England.
c. It would mean increased competition from shippers from other nations.
d. They would no longer have their monopoly on government imports.
e. They could not afford to send more ships over to get the supplies needed.
ANS: B

MSC: Applying
24. The name given to the people who made up the majority of workers in textile factories was
a. Lowell girls.
b. Barrio Boys.
c. Know-Nothings.
d. Molley Maguires.
e. William Tells.
ANS: A
Topic: Cultural History | The Lowell System

NAT: Events and Processes MSC: Understanding
25. By the early 1800s, the five largest American cities were all major
a. military centers.
b. seaports.
c. iron-producing areas.
d. cotton exporters.
e. state capitals.
ANS: B
Topic: Economic Development | Industrialization, Cities and the Environment

MSC: Remembering
26. By 1860, this city had become the largest as its population surpassed 1 million residents.
a. New York City
b. Boston
c. Philadelphia
d. Washington, D.C.
e. New Orleans
ANS: A
Topic: Economic Development | Industrialization and Cities

27. One of the largest groups to immigrate to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century,
they escaped a potato famine in their homeland.
a. Irish
b. Scot
c. German
d. French
e. Russian
ANS: A
Topic: Cultural History | The Irish

28. By 1860, Catholicism had become the largest denomination in the United States because
of this immigrant group.
a. German
b. Scot
c. Canadian
d. Russian
e. Irish
ANS: E

29. Anti-Irish prejudice was especially based upon

a. fear of growing Catholic influence.
b. Irish sympathy for black equality.
c. Irish support for trade unions.
d. jealousy over the fact that the Irish were so well educated.
e. competition for housing in industrial cities.
ANS: A
Topic: Cultural History | Nativism

NAT: Change and Continuity MSC: Evaluating
30. The Irish that immigrated to the United States in the mid-1850s tended to live in
a. Chicago.
b. tenements.
c. skyscrapers.
d. villages.
e. rural areas.
ANS: B
NAT: Events and Processes MSC: Applying
31. This immigrant group settled more in rural than in urban areas.
a. German
b. Scot
c. Canadian
d. Russian
e. Irish
ANS: A

32. The concept of opposing all other cultures in favor of your own is known as
a. bigotry.
b. racism.
c. nativism.
d. multiculturalism.
e. recidivism.
ANS: C

NAT: Historical Period MSC: Understanding
33. Germans who came to the United States

a. were overwhelmingly Catholic.
b. were poor and uneducated.
c. tended to come as families.
d. usually spoke English already.
e. were not the targets of nativists.
ANS: C
Topic: Cultural History | The Germans

34. A group opposed to immigration in the 1840s, they were known informally as the
Know-Nothings.
a. Whigs
b. National-Republicans
c. American party
d. Democrats
e. Federalists
ANS: C

NAT: Events and Processes MSC: Analyzing
35. The Know-Nothings were based primarily in

a. the South.
b. the Northeast.
c. the Midwest.
d. the Eastern seaboard.
e. port towns.
ANS: B
Topic: Political History | Nativism

36. The Know-Nothings’ primary goal was to

a. send immigrants back to Europe.
b. force immigrants to work for less than minimum wage.
c. force immigrants to wait longer to become a citizen.
d. abolish slavery.
e. reform the civil service program.
ANS: C
Topic: Political History | Nativism

37. By increasing the amount of mechanization in society, people were freed up to pursue
other opportunities, what Henry Day called in 1849
a. opportunities.
b. specializations.
c. services.
d. professions.
e. artisans.
ANS: D
Topic: Economic Development | The Rise of the Professions

NAT: Historical Period MSC: Applying
38. The fastest growing vocation in the first half of the 19th century was
a. bookkeeper.
b. lawyer.
c. teacher.
d. iron worker.
e. doctor.
ANS: C
Topic: Economic Development | Teaching

39. Physicians in the early 1800s

a. were required to go to medical school.
b. were closely regulated by the government.
c. required very little training.
d. were experts in modern medical science.
e. provided roughly the same services as nurses.
ANS: C
Topic: Social History | Law, Medicine, and Engineering

NAT: Events and Processes MSC: Understanding
40. The Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of this profession, which has since become
the largest for men in the nation.
a. Teaching
b. Law
c. Engineer
d. Doctor
e. Salesmen
ANS: C
Topic: Social History | Law, Medicine, and Engineering

NAT: Historical Period MSC: Remembering
ESSAY
1. What factors account for the tremendous growth in cotton cultivation from 1790 to 1860?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
2. Explain the unique character of American technological development in the first half of
the 19th century.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
3. Describe the general immigration trends of the period. What forms did the nativist
response to this immigration take?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
4. Describe the Lowell system and both its short-term and long-term effects on American
industry.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
5. Compare and contrast Irish and German immigration in the early 19th century.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
6. Describe the changes in transportation taking place in the early 19th century that made
possible the emergence of a market economy.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
7. Write an essay discussing the early textile industry, including its efforts in lobbying the
government and innovating labor practices such as the Lowell system.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
8. Write an essay exploring how the market economy impacted different regions of the
country in different ways.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
9. Discuss how workers lives were changing as a result of the market revolution. Note the
rise of unions and the creation of professions.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
10. How were women and minorities impacted by the market revolution? Was that impact
more positive or more negative?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
PTS: 1
MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.

a. Inventor of the telegraph
b. Patented the design of a sewing machine
c. Pioneer of the factory system
d. Inventor of the mechanical reaper
e. Patented the process for vulcanizing rubber
f. Pioneer of steamboat transportation
1. Charles Goodyear
2. Robert Fulton
3. Elias Howe
4. Francis Cabot Lowell
5. Samuel F. B. Morse
6. Cyrus McCormick
1. ANS: E PTS: 1
2. ANS: F PTS: 1
3. ANS: B PTS: 1
4. ANS: C PTS: 1
5. ANS: A PTS: 1
6. ANS: D PTS: 1

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America The Essential Learning Edition

1st Edition Shi Test Bank

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 268

2. By the 1850s, trains traveled an average of forty miles an hour.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 269

3. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin on a plantation in Georgia.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 273

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 274

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 275

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 279

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 282

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 284

10. The American party was based on nativism.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 285

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 288

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 265

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 268

4. The Erie Canal was primarily built by which immigrant group?

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 269

5. What was the major advantage of railroads over water transportation?

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 269

6. Opening the Erie Canal did all of the following except

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 269

7. The first clipper ship was named the

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 270

8. The _____ revolutionized transportation at sea during the 1840s.

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 270

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 271

10. The phrase “internal improvements” is used to describe

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 272

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 272

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 272

13. The telegraph was invented by

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 273

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 274

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 275

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 275

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 275

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 275

19. The first American factories produced

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 276

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 277

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 277

22. The Tariff Bill of 1816 was passed due to

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 277

23. Why did New England shipping companies oppose tariffs?

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 277

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 279

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 280

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 280

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 282

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 283

29. Anti-Irish prejudice was especially based upon

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 283

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 284

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 284

33. Germans who came to the United States

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 284

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 285

35. The Know-Nothings were based primarily in

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 285

36. The Know-Nothings’ primary goal was to

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 285