Year 9 History Term Two World War One
Source One
‘Anzac stood, and still stands, for reckless valour in a good cause, for enterprise,
resourcefulness, fidelity, comradeship, and endurance that will never own defeat.’
C. E. W. Bean, Australian official historian, 1946
Source Two
Private L. R. Donkin, Diary, 16 May 1915.
[We sailed] off to death and ‘Glory.’ What fools
we are, men mad. The Turk he comes at one,
with the blood lust in his eyes, shouts Allah!
Australia like, we swear Kill or be killed…
Where are the rest of my 13 mates?… myself
I consider lucky getting away from the acres
of dead men…And now I go back there…
God only knows what is in store for me.
Assessment Task Sources
Context:
Source One – Charles Bean, who was elected by the Government
to be the official war correspondent, wrote the above quote
about what Anzac stood for in 1946. Charles Bean was present
for the entirety of the Gallipoli Campaign.
Reference - Bean, C.E.W. (1946) Anzac to Amiens, Department of
Veterans Affairs and Ryebuck Media
Context:
Source Two – This source is a diary entry from Private L.R. Donkin.
It was written on the 16th of May, 1915. This primary source
provides a first-hand account of what it was like for Australian
soldiers during WWI.
Reference - Donkin, Private L. R. in Gammage, B. The Broken
Years, (1974). Canberra: Australian National University Press).
Diary entry, 16 May 1915
Year 9 History Term Two World War One Assessment Task Sources

Source Three: The First Anzac Day Parade in Brisbane, 1916

Reference -
Postmaster-General's Department, (1916). The First Anzac Day Parade in Brisbane, reproduced courtesy of National Archives
of Australia, https://learningplace.eq.edu.au/cx/resources/items/adbe958e-da9b-dd0c-a5b2-870f47334803/5/ViewIMS.jsp
[accessed 10/05/2023]
Context Source 3: This is a black-and-white photograph of the first Anzac Day march held in Brisbane on 25 April 1916 to mark
the first anniversary of the landing of the Australian and New Zealand troops on Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. The photograph
was taken outside Brisbane's General Post Office in Queen Street. It shows soldiers on horseback who are watched by an
enormous crowd lining the street and crammed into the balconies of the surrounding buildings. The building is festooned with
flags and pennants and a banner that reads 'ENLIST NOW'.
Year 9 History Term Two World War One Assessment Task Sources

Source Four: Beginning of Australia’s nationhood

The Gallipoli campaign was the beginning of true Australian nationhood. When Australia went to war in
1914, many white Australians believed that their Commonwealth had no history, that it was not yet a true
nation, that its most glorious days still lay ahead of it. In this sense the Gallipoli campaign was a defining
moment for Australia as a new nation, but also a key moment in the evolution of a particular image of
Australian masculinity. The major features of an Anzac legend were discernible very early in the campaign:
Australians were bold and ferocious in battle but were unwilling to bow to military discipline. An Anzac
never flinched — if he died it was with a joke, or a wry smile on his face — yet nor would he salute a
superior officer....In the Anzac legend, the Australian Imperial Force was a democratic organisation, in
which there were friendly relations between officers and men, and anyone could rise from the ranks to a
commission.
Reference -
Bongiorno, F. cited in "ANZAC Day." Australia's Culture Portal: ozculture newsletter. 8 Jan. 2009.
culture.gov.au. Australian Government Dept. of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.
http://www.culture.gov.au/articles/anzac/ [accessed 10/05/2023]

Context: Dr Frank Bongiorno is a history professor at the Australian National University. Dr Bongiorno
specialises in Australian political and cultural history and has published widely in the field of Australian
political history.
Year 9 History Term Two World War One Assessment Task Sources

Source Five: Eulogy by Paul Keating at the entombment of the Unknown Australian
Soldier, 1993
… We have lost more than 100,000 lives and with them all their love of this country and all their hope and
energy.
But we have gained a legend: a story of bravery and sacrifice and, with it, a deeper faith in ourselves and
our democracy, and a deeper understanding of what it means to be Australian.

Reference -
Keating, P. (1993). Eulogy by Paul Keating at the entombment of the Unknown Australian Soldier, From the
collection of the National Archives of Australia. https://learningplace.eq.edu.au/cx/
resources/items/c83b7b35-2106-90c8-dbc4-6dffcc8e0a7e/2/ViewIMS.jsp [accessed 10/05/2023]

Context: Paul Keating was the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, who served from 1991 to 1996. This
source is a quote from his eulogy at the entombment of the Unknown Australia Soldier in 1993.
Year 9 History Term Two World War One Assessment Task Sources

Source Six: Gallipoli pilgrimage

In 2005 there were an estimated 20,000 attendees, the largest number since 1923... Since the mid-1990s
young Australians have revived what was a declining interest in the Anzac legend. This revival has been
ascribed to personal interest in family history rather than to nationalistic or ideological reasons.
Reference: Education Services Australia, no date

Context: This source discusses the revival in the Anzac legend and people making the Gallipoli pilgrimage.
Year 9 History Term Two World War One Assessment Task Sources

Source Seven: What Anzac Day commemorates

The eight-month campaign which began on 25 April resulted in the deaths of an estimated 8700
Australians, who were either killed in action or died of wounds or diseases. Some of Australia’s most
enduring values emerged from this experience: the Anzac ethos of courage, spirit and ‘mateship’. Anzac
Day has been set aside in memory of those who fought for Australia and those who lost their lives in other
wars and conflicts. The day is a national public holiday and is commemorated with ceremonies, the laying
of wreaths, and military parades in all Australian cities and most country towns.

DFAT, (2013). Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website, www.dfat.gov.au, [accessed 12/11/13].

Context: This source discusses what Anzac Day commemorates. It discusses the Australian values that
emerged at Gallipoli. It comes from a government website, which has a degree of bias as it aims to
positively promote Australian values and beliefs.
Year 9 History Term Two World War One Assessment Task Sources

Source Eight: The making of the Anzac myth

I also think that as we've moved into this new century, that continually going back to the First World War
and certainly the digger himself as being typically Australian — I mean, it's inherently masculine, it's an
aggressive figure and I suspect it doesn't hold that much relevance to a lot of people in our current day
society.
Blair, D. ( 2001),The making of the Anzac myth (Lateline) http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/
stories/s281903.htm [accessed 14/11/13].

Context: Dr Dale Blair lives in Emerald, Victoria, and completed his honours degree at La Trobe University
in 1993. His doctoral thesis concentrated on the Great War and was completed at Victoria University of
Technology. In this source, he discusses the idea of the digger as being typically Australian in that period,
and how it is not relevant to Australian society today.
Year 9 History Term Two World War One
Source Nine: Where Australians Fought
Although service in the Australian defence forces
was voluntary, 40 per cent of men aged between
18 and 45 enlisted in the armed services. At the
start of the war (August 1914), many believed
it would be ‘all over by Christmas’. This was
not to be. By 1918, at the end of the war, 331 781
Australian troops had served overseas. Of these,
59 342 had been killed and 152 171 wounded.
Australian troops served mainly in Turkey, the
Middle East and on the Western Front (France), as
detailed in sources 7.18 and 7.19. The first shot
fired by Australians in World War I occurred
in Port Phillip, Victoria, to prevent the German merchant ship SS Pfalz leaving.
Source Ten: A disastrous campaign
The Gallipoli campaign quickly turned into a
Assessment Task Sources
Context: This source comes from the textbook
‘History 9: The Making of the Modern World’. The
book was written with the specific purpose to
provide the critical content for students to learn the
history topics laid out in the Australian Curriculum.
The chapter the source comes from aims to cover all
the important historical content for the topic World
War One. All the authors and contributors to this
book are either published authors or educators
across Australia.
Reference:
Ashton, P., Anderson, M. (2013). History 9 for NSW: The Making of
the Modern World. Australia: Macmillan Education Australia.
Reference:
Ashton, P., Anderson, M. (2013). History 9 for NSW:
The Making of the Modern World. Australia:
Macmillan Education Australia.
Year 9 History Term Two World War One Assessment Task Sources

stalemate. Attacks and counter-attacks were

made on both sides. These usually involved heavy
losses. In one attack in May 1915, 1000 Australians
and New Zealanders died in one hour. It was
not unusual for the Anzacs and the Turks to call
ceasefires to let the dead be buried.
A decision was made to evacuate.
Troops were withdrawn in December 1915 and
January 1916.