English

Micro-project
Bhivpuri Road (Karjat)

Academic Year
2022-2023
 First Year Polytechnic

Subject – English

Topic – C. V. RAMAN

Prepared by –
1) Ronit Patil
2) Shloka Chorge
3) Sakshi Kapadi
4) Jayesh Rane
 MAHARASTRA STATE BOARD
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 INDEX

Topic Page No.

1) C. V. Raman’s Education ………………………….. 01
2) C. V. Raman’s Parents and Family
Background………………………………………………01
3) C. V. Raman’s Career ………………………………..02
4) C. V. Raman’s Inventions …………………………………….03

5) C. V. Raman’s Achievements.………………………………..04

6) Awards won by C. V. Raman…………………………………04

 C. V. RAMAN
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
(7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) C. V.
Raman was born in Tiruchirappalli, Madras
Presidency, British Raj.

C. V. Raman’s Education : Raman

was educated at the St Aloysius' Anglo-Indian
High School, Visakhapatnam. He passed
matriculation at age 11 and the First
Examination in Arts examination with a
scholarship at age 13, securing first position in
both under the Andhra Pradesh school board
examination.
In 1902, Raman joined Presidency College in
Madras. In 1904, he obtained a B.A. degree from the University of Madras,
where he stood first and won the gold medals in physics and English. He
earned an M.A. degree from the same university with highest distinction in
1907.

➢ C. V. Raman’s Parents and Family Background :

Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer and Parvathi Ammal. He was the second
of eight siblings. His father was a teacher at a local high school, and earned
a modest income. Raman married Lokasundari Ammal (1892–1980) on 6
May 1907. It was a self-arranged marriage and his wife was 13 years old.
They had two sons, Chandrasekhar Raman and Venkatraman
Radhakrishnan.
Raman's second important discovery on the scattering of light was a new
type of radiation, an eponymous phenomenon called the Raman effect.
After discovering the nature of light scattering that caused blue colour of
water, he focused on the principle behind the phenomenon. His experiments
 in 1923 showed the possibility of other light rays formed in addition
to incident ray when sunlight was filtered through a violet glass in certain
liquids and solids. Ramanathan believed that this was a case of a "trace
of fluorescence." In 1925, K. S. Krishnan, a new Research Associate, noted
the theoretical background for the existence of an additional scattering line
beside the usual polarised elastic scattering when light scatters through
liquid. He referred to the phenomenon as "feeble fluorescence." But the
theoretical attempts to justify the phenomenon were quite futile for the next
two years. The major impetus was the discovery of Compton effect. Arthur
Compton at Washington University in St. Louis had found evidence in 1923
that electromagnetic waves can also be described as particles. By 1927, the
phenomenon was widely accepted by scientists, including Raman.
The origin of the inspiration went further. As Compton later recollected
"that it was probably the Toronto debate that led him to discover the Raman
effect two years later." The Toronto debate was about the discussion on the
existence of light quantum at the British Association for the Advancement of
Science meeting held at Toronto in 1924. There Compton presented his
experimental findings, which William Duane of Harvard University argued
with his own with evidence that light was a wave. Raman took Duane's side
and said, "Compton, you're a very good debater, but the truth isn't in you."

➢ C. V. Raman’s Career : Raman's elder brother Chandrasekhara

Subrahmanya Ayyar had joined the Indian Finance Service, the most
prestigious government service in India. In no condition to study abroad,
Raman followed suit and qualified for the Indian Finance Service achieving
first position in the entrance examination in February 1907. He was posted in
Calcutta (now Kolkata) as Assistant Accountant General in June 1907. It was
there that he became highly impressed with the Indian Association for the
Cultivation of Science (IACS), the first research institute founded in India in
1876. He immediately befriended Asutosh Dey, who would eventually
become his lifelong collaborator, Amrita Lal Sircar, founder and secretary of
IACS, and Ashutosh Mukherjee, executive member of the institute and Vice-
Chancellor of the University of Calcutta. With their support, he obtained
permission to conduct research at IACS in his own time even "at very unusual
hours," as Raman later reminisced. Up to that time the institute had not yet
recruited regular researchers, or produced any research paper. Raman's
 article "Newton's rings in polarised light" published in Nature in 1907 became
the first from the institute. The work inspired IACS to publish a journal, Bulletin
of Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, in 1909 in which Raman
was the major contributor.

In 1909, Raman was transferred to Rangoon, British

Burma (now Myanmar), to take up the position of currency officer. After only
a few months, he had to return to Madras as his father died from an illness.
The subsequent death of his father and funeral rituals compelled him to
remain there for the rest of the year. Soon after he resumed office at
Rangoon, he was transferred back to India at Nagpur, Maharashtra, in
1910. Even before he served a year in Nagpur, he was promoted to
Accountant General in 1911 and again posted to Calcutta.
From 1915, the University of Calcutta started assigning research scholars
under Raman at IACS. Sudhangsu Kumar Banerji (who later become Director
General of Observatories of India Meteorological Department), a PhD scholar
under Ganesh Prasad, was his first student. From the next year, other
universities followed suit including University of Allahabad, Rangoon
University, Queen's College Indore, Institute of Science, Nagpur, Krisnath
College, and University of Madras. By 1919, Raman had guided more than a
dozen students. Following Sircar's death in 1919, Raman received two
honorary positions at IACS, Honorary Professor and Honorary Secretary. He
referred to this period as the "golden era" of his life.
Raman was chosen by the University of Calcutta to become the Palit
Professor of Physics, a position established after the benefactor Sir
Taraknath Palit, in 1913. The university senate made the appointment on 30
January 1914.

➢ C. V. Raman’s Inventions: Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in

Physics in 1930 for his research on light scattering and the discovery of the
Raman effect. The inelastic scattering of a photon is known as "Raman
scattering" or "Raman effect." This phenomenon is the basis for Raman
spectroscopy.
➢ C. V. Raman’s Achievements : Many honorary doctorates and
memberships in scientific societies were bestowed upon Raman. He was a
member of the Deutsche Akademie in Munich, the Swiss Physical Society in
Zürich, the Royal Philosophical Society in Glasgow, the Royal IrishAcademy,
the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of The Soviet
Union, the Optical Society of America, and the Mineralogical Society of
America, the Romanian Academy of Sciences, the Catgut Acoustical Society
of America, and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. He was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society in 1924. He did, however, resign from the
fellowship in 1968 for unknown reasons, making him the only Indian FRS to
do so. In 1929, he was the President of the Indian Science Congress's 16th
session. From 1933 until his death, he was the first President of the Indian
Academy of Sciences. In 1961, he was elected to the Pontifical Academy of
Sciences.

➢ Awards won by C. V. Raman : Though still employed by the Indian

Finance Service, Raman won the Curzon Research Award in 1912. While still
working for the Indian Finance Service, he received the Woodburn Research
Medal in 1913. The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze in Rome awarded
him the Matteucci Medal in 1928. He was knighted in 1930. The Viceroy of
India, Lord Irwin, conferred him a Knight Bachelor in a special ceremony at
the Viceroy's House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) in New Delhi after his
inclusion in the 1929 Birthday was postponed. He was awarded the Nobel
Prize in Physics in 1930 for "research on light scattering and the discovery of
the phenomenon named after him."He was the first Asian and non-white
person to win a Nobel Prize for Science. Rabindranath Tagore (another
Indian) had previously won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was
awarded the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society in 1930. The Franklin
Institute in Philadelphia awarded him the Franklin Medal in 1941. He received
the Bharat Ratna award in 1954. (along with politician and former Governor-
General of India C. Rajagopalachari and philosopher Sir Sarvepalli
Radhakrishnan). He received the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.