THE RAMAN EFFECT

A Unexpected Discovery In The World Of

Science
In the year 1930, A young Indian researcher,
Chandrasekhar Venkat Raman, won the Nobel
Prize for his ground-breaking discovery of the
phenomenon called the Raman Effect.
 Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Born - 7 November 1888

Tiruchirapalli, Madras Presidency, British India(Tamil Nadu, India)
Died - 21 November 1970 (aged 82) Bangalore, Mysore
State, India
Known for - Raman effect
Parents - R. Chandrasekhar Iyer,
Parvathi Ammal
Spouse - Lokasundari Ammal
(1908–1970)
Children - Chandrasekhar Raman and Venkatraman
Radhakrishnan
Education - Presidency college
Awards - Bharat Ratna, Nobel Prize in Physics, Lenin Peace
Prize, Hughes Medal, Matteucci Medal, Franklin Medal
 Career
C.V.Raman completed his early education in
Presidency College, Chennai. After clearing the
Civil Service Competitive Exam and becoming
the Deputy Accountant General in Calcutta, he
still found the time to pursue scientific
research at the Indian Association for the
Cultivation of Sciences. In 1917, he finally gave
up his administrative position to become a
Professor of Physics at Calcutta University.
International Acceptance
Raman’s significant work on classical
percussion instruments was well known to the
major physicists of the time like Lord
Rutherford and J.J.Thomson.
in the year 1921. Raman made his first abroad
as a delegate for the Universities’ Congress
Blue Mediterranean Sea
On his first trip to London Raman was struck by the ‘blue’
colour of the Mediterranean Sea. Till that time , it was
generally accepted
that the blue colour of the sea
was actually a reflection of the
sky. Lord Rayleigh, who had
proposed that the minute
particles in the air scattered
the blue wavelength from the sun’s white rays. But Raman
was not convinced by this explanation. He showed through
his experiment with the Nicol prism that sunlight was
scattered by the water molecules – a phenomenon that he
called molecular diffraction.
RamanEffeect
Raman had claimed at the Royal Society of Fellows
that he would win a Nobel Prize within the next five
years.
It was his work with the scattering of light by liquids
which fetched him the Nobel Prize for Physics.

Raman and his associates performed many

experiments and finally showed that modified
radiations appeared in scattering experiments due to
molecular vibrations.
Using Raman Effect
• The discovery of the ‘Raman Effect’ led to Raman
Spectroscopy, a field of study that has a lot of
practical applications.
• While travelling through a median,
a light beam is deflected by the
molecules in the medium.
• Raman spectroscopy is used in handheld scanners
and in the pharmaceutical industry.
 Applications Of Raman Spectroscopy

• Raman spectroscopy is used in many varied fields – in fact,

any application where non-destructive, microscopic,
chemical analysis and imaging is required. Whether the
goal is qualitative or quantitative data, Raman analysis can
provide key information easily and quickly. It can be used
to rapidly characterise the chemical composition and
structure of a sample, whether solid, liquid, gas, gel, slurry
or powder.
Raman Spectroscopy Are Used In -
Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics
Raman spectral image of pharmaceutical tablet,
showing distribution of four major components.
Geology and Mineralogy
Raman spectra of (top to bottom) olivine, apatite,
garnet and gypsum illustrating how Raman can
be used for fast mineral ID.
Carbon Materials
Peak fitting of the D and G bands in a
DLC spectrum.
Semiconductors
Photoluminescence image of a 3” MQW semiconductor
wafer, showing variation of emission peak width.
Life Sciences
Multivariate clustering of spectra acquired from three
bacterial species, illustrating how Raman can be used to
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