Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Project Report
Submitted By:
DIPLOMA
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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CERTIFICATE
DATE:
External Faculty:
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ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT
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ABSTRACT
WORKING PROCESS:
— Through 24-48 volt battery and 250-500 watt motor this device
accelerates. User stands and balances in between of total length of
Segway. Acceleration is done through controller. Angle for turning is set
appropriately by User.
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TABLE CONTENTS
Certificate (i)
Acknowledgement (ii)
Abstract (iii)
Table contents (iv)
List of Figures (v)
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LIST OF FIGURES:
No. Figures Page no.
1. Block diagram 9
2. Brushless DC motor 12
3. Gear 13
4. Battery (gel) 16
5. Mechanical Structure 17
6. Wheels 18
7. Control Shaft 19
8. Handle 20
9. ESC DC motor Micro-controller 21
10. Transient Assembly 23
11. Hardware 24
12. Tool kit 25
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CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
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— The result is electric transportation that does ’t look, feel or o e like
a thi g that has o e efore. A d of all the o e tio al isdo e’ e
left in pieces behind us, none has been shattered more fully than the
elief that e ust hoose et ee ore a d less .
— In 2001, Dean Kamen announced the arrival of the first self-balancing,
zero emissions personal transportation vehicle: the Segway® Personal
Transporter (PT). Founded on the vision to develop highly-efficient, zero-
emission transportation solutions using dynamic stabilization technology,
“eg a ’s resear h a d de elop e t as fo used o reati g de i es that
took up a minimal amount of space, were extremely maneuverable and
could operate on pedestrian sidewalks and pathways.
— In 2006, the second generation Segway was introduced. All the products
feature reakthrough Lea “teer™ te h olog a d a ireless I foKe ™
controller that enhance the Segway experience by making the ride even
more intuitive and adding new and useful functions.
— Today, Segway continues to develop safe, unique transportation solutions
that address urban congestion and pollution and leverage our in-house
expertise. No matter the platform, our products allow you to experience
more with less.
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CHAPTER 2:
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
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CHAPTER 3:
DESIGN:
Components Used:
1. Motor
2. Gear
3. Battery
4. Mechanical Structure
5. Wheels
6. Control Shaft
7. Handle
8. ESC DC motor Controller
9. Transient Assembly
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EXPLAINATION ABOUT COMPONENTS:
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Fig.2 Brushless DC Motor
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3.1.2 Gear:
— A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs,
which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque, in most cases
with teeth on the one gear being of identical shape, and often also with
that shape on the other gear.
— Two or more gears working in a sequence (train) are called a gear
train Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of
a power source.
— The most common situation is for a gear to mesh with another gear
— The gears in a transmission are analogous to the wheels in a crossed
belt pulley system. An advantage of gears is that the teeth of a gear
prevent slippage.
— When two gears mesh, and one gear is bigger than the other (even though
the size of the teeth must match), a mechanical advantage is produced,
with the rotational speeds and the torques of the two gears differing in an
inverse relationship.
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3.1.3 Battery:
A VRLA battery (valve-regulated lead-acid battery), more commonly known
as a sealed battery (SLA) or maintenance free battery, is a type of lead-acid
rechargeable battery. Due to their construction, they can be mounted in any
orientation, and do not require constant maintenance. The term "maintenance
free" is a misnomer as VRLA batteries still require cleaning and regular
functional testing. They are widely used in large portable electrical devices, off-
grid power systems and similar roles, where large amounts of storage are
needed at a lower cost than other low-maintenance technologies like lithium-
ion.
— There are two primary types of VRLA batteries, gel cells and AGM. Gel
cells add silica dust to the electrolyte, forming a thick putty-like gel. These
are sometimes referred to as "silicone batteries". AGM (absorbed glass
mat) batteries feature fiberglass mesh between the battery plates which
serves to contain the electrolyte. Both designs offer advantages and
disadvantages compared to conventional batteries, as well as each other.
— Specs of Gel Form Battery:
Co po e t……Ra aterial
Positi e………..Lead dio ide
Negati e……….Lead
Co tai er……..AB“
Co er………….AB“
“eala t………..Epo Resi
“afet al e…..EPDR
Ter i al………Copper
“eparator……..Fi er glass
Ele trol te……“ulfuri a id
— CHARGING VIA THE ELECTRICITY “Y“TEM’“ INBUILT GENERATOR
- A 7.2V control voltage is used for 6V systems
- A 14.4V control voltage is used for 12 V systems
- A 28.8V control voltage is used for 24 V systems
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Fig.4 Rechargeable Battery
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3.1.4 Mechanical Structure:
The entire structure is made of mild steel. After both the motors are
individually connected to the wheels three rectangular sections are connected
between them. They are welded at both the ends. A rectangular platform is
fitted on these sections. A vertical rod is screwed on this platform with a
rectangular rod welded at the top end. The rider stands on the platform and
takes support from the vertical rod.
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3.1.5 Wheels:
Two Scotty ES wheels are used. The outer diameter of the motor almost
matches the rim size and hence mounting the motor in these wheels is
considerably easier. By using a circular 10mm thick plate of mild steel the
motor is mounted between the wheels.
Fig.6 Wheel
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3.1.6 Control Shaft:
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3.1.7 Handle:
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3.1.8 ESC Brushless Controller:
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— The correct phase varies with the motor rotation, which is to be taken into
account by the ESC: Usually, back EMF from the motor is used to detect
this rotation, but variations exist that use magnetic (Hall Effect) or optical
detectors. Computer-programmable speed controls generally have user-
specified options which allow setting low voltage cut-off limits, timing,
acceleration, braking and direction of rotation. Reversing the motor’s
direction may also be accomplished by switching any two of the three
leads from the ESC to the motor.
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3.1.9 Transient Assembly:
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4.1.2 Tool Kit:
1. Spanner
2. Pliers
3. Wire Cutter
4. Screw Driver
5. Fitter
6. Hammer
7. Scissor
8. Adjustable Wrench
9. Fix Wrench
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Fig.12 Tool Kit
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CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS:
— More than 1,000 security firms and law enforcement agencies use
“eg a ’s for patrolli g arou d the orld. Rather tha patrolli g a area
on foot or in vehicles, patrol officers can ride around on a Segway and
respo d to e erge situatio s. “eg a ’s are able to travel up to 12.5
miles per hour, and law enforcement agencies, such as the Washington
Metro Police Department, have developed training programs to teach
offi ers ho to operate “eg a ’s safel .
— The advantages of using a Segway while patrolling is that it improves
response times, reduces officer fatigue and lowers fuel and maintenance
costs
— I di iduals a use “eg a ’s as a for of perso al tra sportatio to go to
ork, ru erra ds a d isit frie ds. “eg a ’s that are full harged a
travel up to 24 miles, and a standard outlet wall can charge the batteries.
Individuals can ride Segway in all types of weather.
— According to Segway.com, Segway are zero-emissions devices that are 11
times more efficient than a standard American vehicle.
— Responsiveness
— Mobility
— Approachability
— Visibility
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CHAPTER 6
Advantages & Disadvantages:
•Advantages:
1. Become more productive: more work can be done by using the product
versus walking.
2. Become more recognizable: Riders stand an additional eight inches off the
ground, allowing you to be better seen and giving the rider better sight lines,
over cars in a parking lot or boxes in a warehouse.
3. Low operating costs: no need for gas and inexpensive battery charging (A
complete cycle charge will take eight to ten hours)
•Disadvantages:
2. Does not exactly say how far the Segway will go with riders of different
masses.
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CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION:
— From this project, we successfully make out the model having its capacity
that user can stand and it sustain its load. Also we identify the model
beyond its limit capacity. As well as we also came to know about electrical
& computer engineering field.
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CHAPTER 8
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT:
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CHAPTER 9
REFERENCES:
1. http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/segway_laws.html
2. http://www.segway.com/business/products-solutions/i2.php
3. http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/citydesk/2013/04/26
/the-answers-column-how-are-segways-regulated-in-d-c/
4. OFFICIAL WEBSITE: www.Segway.com
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