ACAD WEEK 5: LOGIC CIRCUIT

LOGIC CIRCUIT 1
LOGIC CIRCUIT
Logic: Can be described as the act or reasoning which enables man to reach a
valid conclusion.

Logic Circuit: Is a computer switching circuit that consists of a number of logic

gates and performs logical operations on data.

Logic Gate: Is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. It is a switching

system used in circuits and it is made up of resistors and transistors to process
electronic signals. It is based on the Boolean Logic Operations involving two or
more inputs but only one output that is either 1 or 0. Transistors are made up
of logic gates while logic gates are made up of circuits and circuits are made up
of electronic systems. For example, if both inputs in an AND gate are in the
“True”/“On”/“Power”/“1” state, then the gate will return
“True”/“On”/“Power”/“1”.

TYPES OF LOGIC GATES

There are mainly 3 logic gates, they are:
OR gate
AND gate
NOT gate

Equation and truth table for each logic gate

The truth table is the table that shows the possible combinations of variable
values in the equation and the result (output) for each of the logic gates.
For a two-input truth table, there will be 4 (22) possible combinations of
variable inputs and generally for n-input truth table, there will be 2n possible
combinations of the input variables. See the examples below:
1. OR gate:
The OR gate is a circuit that has two or more inputs and operates in such a way
that:
· Its output is 1 when any of the input variables is 1
· Its output is 0 if when all of the input variables are 0
· Its output is 1 when all of the input variables are 0
The algebraic symbol of the OR operation is the plus sign (+).

The OR gate is represented graphically and is represented in a truth table (with

two inputs A and B) as shown below:

It can also be generated using the equation: X=A+B

2. AND gate:
The AND gate is a circuit that has two or more inputs and operates in such a
way that:
· Its output is 1 if and only if the two inputs are 1
· Its output is 0 if any of the inputs is either 0 or 1 or both are 0
The algebraic symbol of the AND gate is *. The AND gate is represented
graphically and is represented in a truth table (with two inputs A and B) as
shown below:

It can also be generated using the equation: X=A.B

3. NOT gate:
This is the logic gate that has one input and one output such that when the
input is true (1), the output is false and when the input is false, the output is
true.
The algebraic symbol of the NOT gate is or ‘. The NOT gate is represented
graphically and the truth table for the NOT gate (with input A): x= A’ or x= Ᾱ is
shown below:

USES OF LOGIC GATES

1. Building Blocks: Logic gates are used as building blocks for all hardware
and electronic components
2. Safety Thermostats: Logic gates are used to design safety switches in
water heating system.
3. Decision Making: Logic gates can be used to indicate the emergency
light to turn on when it is night time and there is an interruption of
power supply.
4. Washing Machine Activation: Logic gates are used to design switching
systems that activate washing machines. The switch closes when the
washing machine is loaded with clothes and the door is closed.

ASSIGNMENT
State two uses of the following logic gates
1. OR gate
2. AND gate
3. NOT gate