INTRODUCTION

GATE->
A Gate is defined as a digital circuit which follows some logical
relationship between the input and output voltages. It is a digital
circuit which either allows a signal to pass through or stop it.
The logic gates are building blocks at digital electronics. They are
used in digital electronics to change one voltage level into another
according to some logic statement relating to them.

TRUTH TABLE->
A logic gate may have one or more than one inputs, but it has only
one output. The relationship between the possible values of input
and output voltages are expressed in a table called truth table.
The truth table of a logic gate is a table that shows all the inputs
and outputs that are possible for the logic gates .

BOOLEAN ALGEBRA->
The algebra which is based on binary nature of the logic gates.

BOOLEAN EXORESSIONS->
They are the logical statement which are followed by logic gates.
XOR Gate
Exclusive OR Gate, also known as EX OR Gate or XOR Gate, is an
important digital logic gate, which implements an exclusive or
logic i.e., the output is HIGH if and only if one of the inputs is
HIGH. If both the inputs are LOW or HIGH, then the output is
LOW.

XOR Symbol
There are multiple standards for defining an electronic
component. Generally, we follow the IEEE (Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers) and IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission) standards. The XOR logic symbol
in IEEE and IEC standards is shown below.

The Boolean expression for XOR gate cannot

determined directly like AND, OR gates. As it is a Hybrid
gate, the Boolean expression of output of XOR gate is
given by a combining of Multiplication, Addition and
inverting of inputs. We have to use the Karnaugh Maps
or K – Maps along with the truth table to derive the
Boolean Expression of XOR gate.
XOR Truth Table:-

The truth table of XOR gate is shown in the below table.

From this, it is clear that XOR gate produces a logic LOW
i.e., Logic ‘0’ at its output, when both the inputs are
same (both may be LOW or both may be HIGH).

low logic that is logic ‘0’ , at its output , when the two
inputs are different it produces a logic high value i.e.,
logic ‘1’ at its output.

The K-map representation of the above truth table of

the XOR Gate is shown below.
CONSTRUCTION:-

MATERIALS REQUIRED->
-connecting wires

- a bulb

- a battery

- two 3-way switches

Construction of XOR gate using NOR gate

APPLICATIONS:-

XOR gates are used in circuits that perform arithmetic

operations and calculations, especially in half-adders
and adders.
The ability of the XOR gate to compare two logic levels
and give an output dependent upon the input condition
is very useful in many computational circuits.
Though it is not a basic logic gate, its versatility and
usefulness have made it into a standard logic gate.
A suitable XOR gate can be used as a pseudo-random
number generator.