RMO TC 2023 Counting Principles

Kiran Barve
October 16, 2023

1. a) In how many ways can we write 106 as a product of three ordered factors?
b) If the order of the factors is not important, In how many ways can we write 106
as a product of three ordered factors?

2.(China Mathematical Olympiad) A natural number is called lucky number if

the sum of its digit is 7.Arrange all lucky numbers in the ascending order, and we
get a sequence a1 , a2 , ..an . Ifan = 2005,then what is a5n ?

3. Find the number of ways to choose k blocks, each containing q consecutive

objects, no two blocks consecutive, from n objects arranged in a row.

4. A round robin chess tournament had 2n participants from two countries,

n from each country. There were no two players with the same number of points at
the end.
Prove that there was at least one player who scored at least as many points against
his compatriots as, against the players of the other country.
(In chess, a player gets one point for a win and one half of a point for a draw.)

5. Suppose, we wish to find the length of the longest possible sequence of

real numbers such that the sum of every 7 consecutive terms is positive and
the sum of every 11 consecutive terms is negative.
How do we analyze this problem?

6.Prove the following binomial identities.

C[n; k]2m = C[2 ∗ n, n]
P
i)

1
 C[n, k] ∗ C[n − k; m − k] =2m ∗ C[n; m]
P
ii)