Family Diversity Inequality and Social Change 1st Edition Cohen Test Bank Download

Family Diversity Inequality and Social
Change 1st Edition Cohen Test Bank

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Chapter 7: Love and Romantic Relationships
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The commonly understood pattern of interaction that serves as a model of behavior in familiar
situations is
A. social structure. C. structuration.
B. social script. D. routine path.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Scripting Diversity
OBJ: Describe the role that social scripts play in forming romantic relationships.
MSC: Remembering
2. When college students report that “on a first date, men are supposed to drive to the activities,” their
agreement shows their knowledge of the expected behavior, or the
A. internalized values. C. social scripts.
B. socialized outcomes. D. planned interaction.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Scripting Diversity
MSC: Applying
3. All of the following are among the factors that your text mentions as leading to changing scripts for
dating, EXCEPT
A. participation in religious organizations.
B. increasing acceptance of cohabitation.
C. more divorced and older singles in the dating pool.
D. communication technologies available to daters.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Scripting Diversity
OBJ: Outline the four factors that have led to changes in the traditional dating script.
MSC: Remembering
4. According to the text, developing a relationship has become more variable and individualized because
A. a formal dating system no longer exists.
B. dating partners rarely discuss their relationship with others.
C. only young people are involved in building relationships.
D. there is only one acceptable social script for relationships.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Scripting Diversity
MSC: Understanding
5. Romantic love is distinct when compared to general love because romantic love is
A. a heterosexual experience. C. practical only for young partners.
B. characterized by passion and attraction. D. only found in fairy tales.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Love
OBJ: Compare and contrast romantic love and utilitarian love. MSC: Analyzing
6. When comparing utilitarian love and romantic love

A. both types suggest that partners should be sexually available.
B. romantic love is more likely to push the partners to marry.
C. romantic love leads to relationships, but utilitarian love is a myth.
D. utilitarian love is more rational and romantic love is more spontaneous.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Love | Making It Work
7. After carefully considering the pros and cons of other partners, Juan and Maria believe they make a
good match and are committed to each other. Their behavior demonstrates
A. romantic love. C. utilitarian love.
B. scripted love. D. ritualistic love.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Love | Making It Work
OBJ: Compare and contrast romantic love and utilitarian love. MSC: Applying
8. As described in the text, the dating system of the early and mid-twentieth century
A. was governed by parents who wanted to find marital partners for their children.
B. encouraged young people to date only the person they hoped to marry.
C. reflected no differences from partner selection in the previous century.
D. permitted persons to date a variety of partners at one time.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Relationship Rituals | Dating
OBJ: Evaluate how relationship rituals such as dating, hooking up, and connecting online are
changing partner selection. MSC: Remembering
9. An event in which the participants are supposed to have fun and get to know each other for a possible
romantic relationship is
A. a hookup. C. face time.
B. a date. D. going steady.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Relationship Rituals | Dating
10. The decision that a person makes about who to be with in a relationship is ________ dating.
A. private C. calling
B. public D. courtship
ANS: A DIF: Easy
REF: Relationship Rituals | Dating | Public and Private Dating
changing partner selection. MSC: Understanding
11. When it comes to dating among college students

A. both males and females have the same goals in a dating relationship.
B. men are expected to take the lead in formal date situations.
C. very few students are likely to have gone on dates.
D. the number of males available to date is much higher than the number of females.
ANS: B DIF: Medium
REF: Relationship Rituals | Dating | Dating among Students
changing partner selection. MSC: Evaluating
12. A casual sexual or romantic encounter without explicit commitment or exclusivity is

A. a date. C. hooking up.
B. going steady. D. playing the field.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Relationship Rituals | Hooking Up
13. Which of the following is a key similarity between hooking up and dating multiple persons at once?
A. neither involves exclusive commitment to one partner
B. they are financially expensive for the participants
C. both behaviors have widespread support from parents
D. legal penalties can be imposed on persons who participate
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Relationship Rituals | Hooking Up
changing partner selection. MSC: Understanding
14. Hookup culture is

A. likely to be embraced by those students who are religious.
B. highly interrelated with alcohol and other drug use.
C. the preferred relationship starter for female college students.
D. supported by parents and college administrators.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Relationship Rituals | Hooking Up
changing partner selection. MSC: Analyzing
15. The first national singles database for connecting online was
A. OKCupid.com. C. Match.com.
B. MarryMe.net. D. ChristianMingle.com.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Relationship Rituals | Connecting Online
OBJ: Analyze the benefits and risks of connecting through an Internet dating site.
MSC: Remembering
16. The increase in the use of online dating websites can best be explained by
A. better available technology that makes the websites more personal.
B. an increase in available services that appeal to older persons looking for dates.
C. the fact that divorced persons fear they will end up alone in old age.
D. the fact that dating sites are likely more efficient than meeting in person.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Relationship Rituals | Connecting Online
MSC: Evaluating
17. With regard to research findings on Internet dating profiles

A. there is little risk that partners will misrepresent their attributes.
B. about one-third of photographs are misleading.
C. men were more likely than women to misrepresent themselves.
D. both men and women were honest in their personal profiles.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Relationship Rituals | Connecting Online
MSC: Understanding
18. When compared to 50 years ago, the current population of singles looking for relationships is
A. older, more diverse, and more likely to have children.
B. older, less diverse, and less likely to have been divorced.
C. younger, more diverse, and more likely to have children.
D. younger, less diverse, and less well-educated.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult
REF: Relationship Rituals | Older Singles and Single Parents
OBJ: Analyze the impact of older singles and gay and lesbian partners on dating.
MSC: Analyzing
19. All of the following are true of people who are single and looking for a relationship today compared
with singles 50 years ago, EXCEPT
A. today’s singles are more likely to be divorced.
B. more of today’s singles have children from a previous relationship.
C. there are more older singles in the dating pool today.
D. persons who are single today are more likely to have mental health problems.
ANS: D DIF: Medium
REF: Relationship Rituals | Older Singles and Single Parents
MSC: Evaluating
20. When compared with straight relationships, gay and lesbian dating relationships
A. have very strict dating scripts to follow.
B. experience decreased levels of stress and ambiguity.
C. are complicated by more negative social pressures.
D. are more likely to lead to a legal marriage.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
REF: Relationship Rituals | Gay and Lesbian Relationships
MSC: Analyzing
21. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual teens tend to have their first serious relationship at a later age than
heterosexual teens. This is due in part to
A. difficulty meeting appropriate romantic partners.
B. parental interference with teens’ personal choices.
C. their hoping to find that homosexuality is a phase.
D. high acceptance of gay teens by authorities and peers.
ANS: A DIF: Medium
REF: Relationship Rituals | Gay and Lesbian Relationships
MSC: Understanding
22. Sociologists call the process of how or why people end up together
A. dating. C. relationship sorting.
B. mate selection. D. family formation.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Mate Selection
OBJ: Describe the roles that attraction and attractiveness play in mate selection.
MSC: Remembering
23. Brendan and Stacy, both from Caucasian, upper-class Boston families, have decided to marry. In terms
of mate selection, their relationship demonstrates
A. a high degree of social distance and intermarriage.
B. following the tradition of pleasing ones parents.
C. a potential for continuation of class inequality.
D. random and unpredictable selection dynamics.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Mate Selection
MSC: Applying
24. Although Barbie dolls are common toys for girls in the United States, the likelihood that an adult
woman has the same waist-to-hip ratio as Barbie is
A. 1 in 100. C. 1 in 10,000.
B. 1 in 1,000. D. 1 in 100,000.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Mate Selection | Evolution
MSC: Remembering
25. Studying sexual attraction in humans as well as nonhuman animals in terms of genes and their
expression, gives support to the idea of
A. family dynamics. C. inclusion.
B. reproductive freedom. D. evolution.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection | Evolution
MSC: Evaluating
26. When it comes to the relationship between evolution and social interaction and their influences on
mate selection, your text suggests that
A. evolution operates in the background, while personal preferences hold more sway.
B. evolution is the most important variable in the process of mate selection.
C. evolution plays no role in the process of selecting a sexually attractive partner.
D. only evolutionary choice should factor into selecting a future mate.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection | Evolution
MSC: Analyzing
27. According to natural selection, specific traits that may have emerged through evolution are those that
A. decrease the odds of species survival.
B. negatively affect reproductive ability.
C. fool potential mates into seeing positive traits.
D. make one less able to compete for a mate.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Mate Selection | Evolution
MSC: Understanding
28. How do high heels help establish the differences between women and men?
A. They make women look sexy.
B. Almost everyone who wears high heels is a woman.
C. Advertisers put women in these shoes to sell their merchandise.
D. It is illegal for men to wear them unless they perform in “drag.”
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection | Gender
MSC: Applying
29. High heels and foot binding are important examples of
A. attempts to decrease the differences between males and females.
B. how women are made to be more attractive to men.
C. why body enhancements are devalued in the culture.
D. standards of beauty being equal in women and men.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: Mate Selection | Gender
MSC: Understanding
30. Darren argued that all the romantic couples he knows are people who are very similar to each other.
He says this is because they tend to be in the same places and situations. His argument is closest to the
sociological term
A. mate selection. C. exogamy.
B. natural selection. D. homophily.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection | Race/Ethnicity
OBJ: Apply the concept of endogamy to explain current mate selection tendencies.
MSC: Applying
31. Evan is the wealthy son of a Minneapolis restaurant owner. He marries Naomi, the daughter of a local
physician. Based only on these social characteristics, we can conclude that
A. they married for love and no other reason.
B. both considered their parents’ wishes prior to marriage.
C. the marriage is characterized by social class endogamy.
D. each will be employed outside the home.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Mate Selection | Race/Ethnicity | Endogamy
MSC: Evaluating
32. When dating partners are of the same ethnic group, social class, religion, and approximate age,
researchers call this
A. endogamy. C. selection effects.
B. heterosexuality. D. intermarriage.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Mate Selection | Race/Ethnicity | Endogamy
MSC: Remembering
33. When choosing someone to date, Lindsey prefers men who are domineering. Her lack of attraction to
men who are passive represents which of the following types of challenges to partner selection?
A. cultural boundaries C. arousal problems
B. social limits D. internal obstacles
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection | Race/Ethnicity
MSC: Applying
34. Which of the following groups is most likely to date within their racial-ethnic group?
A. Native Americans C. Asian Americans
B. African Americans D. Hispanic Americans
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Mate Selection | Race/Ethnicity
MSC: Remembering
35. Evidence from studies of online dating indicates that
A. people seek different types of partners when meeting online as compared with meeting in
person.
B. endogamy is meaningless in the process of selecting a partner online.
C. racial-ethnic differences persist in the selection of a partner, whether online or in person.
D. geographical constraints remain the biggest limitation to finding a partner online.
ANS: C DIF: Medium
REF: Mate Selection | Race/Ethnicity | Endogamy Online
MSC: Evaluating
36. What do the ongoing controversies over segregated high school proms suggest about the pace of social
change?
A. Cultural scripts regarding race and sexual orientation are easily changed.
B. Informal behaviors like dating may change more quickly than formal behaviors like
marriage.
C. Social change has been rapid with regard to race, but slow with regard to sexual
orientation.
D. Prom is seen by parents as a way to control who their children date.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: High School Proms
OBJ: Analyze how the ritual of a high school prom reflects traditional expectations of partner
selection. MSC: Evaluating
37. High school proms have been a battleground for interracial, interethnic, and homosexual partnerships
because
A. parents see them as the only opportunity to influence their child’s partner choice.
B. schools are supposed to legislate community moral standards and norms.
C. many adults see prom as an important event in the mate selection script.
D. politicians refuse to change discriminatory laws.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: High School Proms
selection. MSC: Analyzing
38. Which of the following issues has been controversial at high school proms in recent years?
A. students bringing a same-sex date to the event
B. schools encouraging students to rent hotel rooms for after parties
C. parents refusing to let young people attend without a date
D. the cost to school budgets to put on these social events
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: High School Proms
selection. MSC: Understanding
39. “Hey, baby, what’s your sign?” might be uttered by someone who relies on relationship advice from
A. sociology. C. astrology.
B. homophily. D. therapy.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: What’s Your Sign?
OBJ: Compare and contrast romantic love and utilitarian love. MSC: Applying
40. The study of the alignment of the moon, planets, and stars, and how this might impact aspects of one’s
life is
A. astrology. C. endogamy.
B. astronomy. D. stratology.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: What’s Your Sign?
OBJ: Compare and contrast romantic love and utilitarian love. MSC: Remembering
41. Your text argues that diversity in relationships is scripted. This means that
A. rules about partner choice are more limited than ever.
B. a variety of ways of forming and maintaining relationships are common today.
C. persons in relationships are often subject to restrictive limits on their behaviors.
D. diversity in choice has led to clearer rules about how to conduct relationships.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Scripting Diversity
MSC: Evaluating
ESSAY
1. Describe the social script for the first day of class. How is this script similar to the script you would
follow for a first date?
ANS:
We often need scripts to get us going in a new social relationship. The professor gives information
about the course through the syllabus and introduces what is to come. Course expectations are clarified
and questions are answered. In the case of a first date, the partners are attempting to get to know each
other better, forming ideas about how they might relate to each other and what to expect from future
encounters.
DIF: Easy REF: Scripting Diversity

MSC: Creating
2. How has the dating script been altered by the presence of communication technology? Hypothesize
two areas in which communication technology is likely to have the largest impact on dating in the next
20 years.
ANS:
The dating script is altered in that plans can be made more quickly and immediately. Potential partners
may use social media to connect and to check up on each other. Status change on platforms such as
Facebook may become another marker of relationship status (like going steady). Some potential
impacts are: more public input about dates; more visible relationships with social media; ease of
weeding out inappropriate partners; and more long-distance relationships.
DIF: Medium REF: Scripting Diversity

MSC: Evaluating
3. Provide three examples of how romantic love differs from utilitarian love.
ANS:
Romantic love is characterized by passion and attraction. It is often “mythical” because people assume
it is effortless and beautiful, and might believe it involves big, elaborate gestures to show affection.
Love at first sight is also considered romantic. Spontaneity is valued. Utilitarian love,
in contrast, is practical, rational, and based on shared understanding and commitment. Often, partners
arrive here through friendship and work on the relationship (something not considered necessary in a
romantic attraction). It is not spontaneous, but might be well thought out. Negotiation and
communication are key elements.
DIF: Medium REF: Love

OBJ: Compare and contrast romantic love and utilitarian love. MSC: Understanding
4. How does the coexistence of romantic and utilitarian love make forming romantic relationships
difficult today?
ANS:
The coexistence of these love scripts makes forming relationships difficult because both ideas exist in
people’s minds. It is up to individuals in most cases, rather than extended kin, to make
the best decisions regarding partners. People apply the criteria for each type of love somewhat
randomly. The way that love is defined by participants might make them more or less likely to work to
form and maintain a relationship.
DIF: Medium REF: Love | Making It Work

5. Provide three examples of the ways in which the consumption in the market arena, which is considered
a key part of dating currently, erodes the influence of family on dating choices.
ANS:
Because dates take place in the public arena (through dinners and activities away from home), family
has less direct interaction with the dating couple than when courtship was occurring in one’s home.
The cost of dating activities tends to be borne by the participants, thus the participants set the rules.
The public nature of the activities makes it possible for persons to keep their dating secret from family
members. Additional advertisements aimed at young singles prompt them to buy items or participate in
activities that may make them more attractive to potential partners. If the couple is seen out together,
people come to identify them as a unit.
DIF: Difficult REF: Relationship Rituals | Dating | Public and Private Dating
changing partner selection. MSC: Evaluating
6. Compare and contrast the expectations for sexual contact that are part of the traditional dating script
with the expectations for sexual contact that are inherent in hooking up.
ANS:
The traditional dating script suggests that sex may occur in the context of the relationship and
with the person whom one is steadily dating. In hookups, there is no assumption of an ongoing
relationship beyond the sexual contact. There is not exclusivity or commitment in a hookup.
Intoxication from the use of alcohol and drugs may be used to justify participation in hookups. Sexual
contact in dating does not seem to need such excuses.
DIF: Medium REF: Relationship Rituals

7. Compare and contrast the public and private aspects of dating.
ANS:
Dating is public in the sense that it often occurs in the public setting and others give feedback about
when the partners make a good couple. Dating is private in that the choice to date a particular partner
is personal and the expressions of affection between the partners may not be revealed to others.
DIF: Easy REF: Relationship Rituals | Dating | Public and Private Dating
8. Imagine you are looking for a partner through an Internet dating site. Explain the main rewards and
risks to searching for a partner in this way.
ANS:
Rewards to seeking a partner online: can link persons with similar interests quickly and easily; helps
connect partners when the pool of eligible partners is small; efficient; overcome social isolation; easy
to use the sites and services. Risks to seeking a partner online: unscrupulous persons may target
children (criminal acts) or attempt to scam others; lying and misrepresentation of personal attributes by
potential partners; excessive self-promotion.
DIF: Easy REF: Relationship Rituals | Connecting Online

MSC: Applying
9. Describe how older singles and gay and lesbian partners reflect the author’s contention that “diversity
reigns over conformity” in how relationships are begun and built.
ANS:
If a majority of persons seeking partners share similar characteristics with regard to age and
relationship goals, common patterns emerge. Today, however, the group of singles is more diverse.
Diversity can be seen in age (older than previous generations of daters), divorce, having children from
previous relationships, facing discrimination (particularly for gay and lesbian daters), and seeking
formal recognition for one’s relationship. These diversity factors push people to seek dates in new
ways, define the goals of dating differently, and experience relationships differently. In other words,
diverse groups have the goal to be in a loving, supportive relationship, but the limitations on these
partners and the paths to attain their goal may be far more complex than for heterosexual persons who
are young and never married.
DIF: Medium REF: Relationship Rituals

MSC: Evaluating
10. Hypothesize how the beauty standard for females, which includes a thin waist and larger breasts, is
consistent with the idea that attractiveness has some evolutionary elements.
ANS:
Evolution suggests that traits emerge that make partners attractive to each other so they will have sex
and reproduce. These traits might be those that increase the odds of survival, increase reproductive
ability, increase success in competing with other potential mates, or fool potential partners into
thinking some of the other traits are present. Large breasts might connote fertility and they therefore
become desirable. In addition, the low waist-to-hip ratio might be a signal of fitness or childbearing.
Thus, these traits become valued in the search for a mate.
DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection | Evolution
MSC: Analyzing
11. Explain what the wearing of high heels and the tradition of foot binding have in common regarding
female attractiveness.
ANS:
Because both of these practices are linked to females, the women who conform can easily be defined
as more feminine. Both decrease women’s power relative to men’s and also can cause long-term health
problems for women, but have been defined as the standard of beauty in a certain time or culture. If we
assume that the low hip-to-waist ratio is important, then the high heels change a woman’s posture to
accentuate the ratio. Foot binding also limits a woman’s mobility and forces her to walk with a
different gait than men.
DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection | Gender

MSC: Applying
12. What is the relationship between homophily and endogamy? Provide at least one specific example to
support your argument.
ANS:
Homophily is the principle by which similar people have more of a given kind of contact than
dissimilar people. Another way to think about this is grouping like people together. Because we are
more likely to be around people like ourselves, those persons are the ones from whom we are most
likely to find our mates. Endogamy is marriage and reproduction within a distinct group.
It is easy to see that endogamy is likely to happen because of the homogenous tendencies of
homophily.
DIF: Difficult REF: Mate Selection

MSC: Evaluating
13. Support or refute the following statement: “Because we are socialized to fall in love with a certain type
of person, romantic love is a myth.”
ANS:
Support: Homophily and the resulting endogamy are good indicators of the influence of socialization.
When we are consistently grouped with a certain type of person, we become comfortable with that and
find it attractive. Refute: Because there are a variety of traits, types, and styles that people find
attractive, there has to be an additional element that pushes people together. You can fall in love with
whoever catches your fancy, especially as society has become more permissive.
DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection

MSC: Evaluating
14. Explain why high school proms reflect traditional expectations of partner selection.
ANS:
Evidence from segregated proms and prohibition on same-sex dates indicates that the prom is a locus
of adult control and conventional societal norms. Students who are selecting dates who are like
themselves in race/ethnicity and age are welcomed. Proms are thought of as events for couples, thus
encouraging young people to participate in the mate selection process (but only with approved
partners).
DIF: Medium REF: High School Proms

selection. MSC: Understanding

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Family Diversity Inequality and Social

Change 1st Edition Cohen Test Bank

6. When comparing utilitarian love and romantic love

11. When it comes to dating among college students

12. A casual sexual or romantic encounter without explicit commitment or exclusivity is

14. Hookup culture is

17. With regard to research findings on Internet dating profiles

DIF: Easy REF: Scripting Diversity

DIF: Medium REF: Scripting Diversity

DIF: Medium REF: Love

DIF: Medium REF: Love | Making It Work

DIF: Medium REF: Relationship Rituals

DIF: Easy REF: Relationship Rituals | Connecting Online

DIF: Medium REF: Relationship Rituals

DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection | Gender

DIF: Difficult REF: Mate Selection

DIF: Medium REF: Mate Selection

DIF: Medium REF: High School Proms

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