Ethics in

Informed consent psychology -

Participants are allowed to know all
the information necessary in oder
humans Protection from
harm
to provide informed consent. It isn't Participants taking part in studies
always possible to reveal every part that could possibly cause physical
of the study (e.g. aim). Another or psychological harm are allowed
example of this would be field or to be protected. They shouldn't have
natural experiments. This however to handle anything more than what
needs to be justified and approved occurs in their day to day life. If any
by others. This is why it is harm does come to the participants
important to debrief participants they are provided with specialists
folowing the study. that will follow and treat them post-
study.
Right to withdraw
Participants should be allowedto
leave the study whenever they wish
and their right to withdraw must be
Deception
made clear to them from the
Participants shouldn't be deliberately
beginning. Partcicipants can be given
misinformed. If it is essential to
incentives to join the study but these
deceive participants, they will be
cannot be taken away or used against
made aware of the aim. They should
them in order to persuade/guilt them
also be allowed to remove their results
into staying. There is however a time
whenever they want to and told the
limit for the participants to leave and
aim as soon as possible. When
they will be informed.
participants have been deceived, a
debrief will follow immediately.

Confidentiality/Privacy
Participants personal information
should never be revealed, must be
stored properly and disposed of
after the study and they must
remain anonymous. There can also
be no details mentioned that could
help someone identify them. If
there is a need to contact
participants after the study, a
number will be given to them that
they can use to be identified. This is
also important in field studies (e.g.
school names concealed).
Debriefing
This step takes place once the study has been
completed.Debriefing participants provides
them with an explanation at the end of the
study that fully explains the aims and ensures
that they don't want to remove their data. If a
participant has been affected by the study,
researchers must return them to their original
condition. Debriefing is not an alternative to
designing an ethical study, so it is important to
consider all the ways in which a study could
cause stress to minimise them.
 Ethics in
psychology -
Replacement
If possible, researchers
Animals Species and strain
should consider replacing The chosen species and strain should
animal experiments with be the one least likely to suffer pain
alternatives, such as videos and distress. Other relevant elements
from previous studies or include : whether or not they were
computer simulations. bred in captivity, their previous
experience of experimentation and
the sentience of the species (its ability
Number of animals to think and feel). It's also important
Only the minimum number of animals needed to
to take note of the environment of
produce valid and reliable results should be used. To
the animal (e.g. nocturnal -> no
minimise the number, pilot studies, reliable measures
bright lights).
of the dependent variable, good experimental design
and appropriate data analysis should all be used.

Procedures, pain and distress

Housing Research causing death, disease, injury,
Isolation and crowding can cause physiological or psychological distress or
animals distress. Caging consitions discomfort should be avoided. Where possible,
should depend on the social designs which improve rather than worsen the
behaviour of the species (e.g. isolation animals' experience should be used (e.g.
will be more distressing for animals studying the effect of early enrichment on
that are social), aggression levels development compared to ormal rather than
should also be monitored. The level of early deprivation). Alternatively, naturally
stress experienced by the individual occuring instances may be used. During
should be considered also. Between reasearch, attention should be paid to the
testing, animals should be allowed to animals' daily care, veteranary needs and any
costs to the animals should be justifified by the
roam freely, should have access to
scientific benefit of the work.
food and water and the lab should
mimick their natural environment as
much as possible, as well as provide
Anasthesia, analgesia and euthanasia
Animals should be protected from pain e.g. relating
them with all their necessities (e.g.
to surgery using appropriate anaesthesia and
food, water, warmth, isolation/other
analgesia, and killed (euthanized) if suffering
animals...).
lasting pain.

Reward, deprivation and aversive stimuli

In planning studies using deprivation the normal feeding or drinking patterns of
the animals should be considered so that their needs can be staidfied. The use of
preferred food should be considered as an alternative to deprivation (e.g.
rewrads in learning studies) and alternatives to aversive stimuli and deprivation
should be used where possible.