CASE STUDY 1

Part 1) Extended Abstract

Summarize the case study by writing an Extended Abstract for each of the two cases.
Introduction:
a) What were the background topics being studied?
b) What were the research questions being asked?
c) Why did they say this was an important thing to study at the time?
d) Do you think this was an important topic to study? Why or why not?

Methods:
a) Who were the participants in the study?
b) Why do you think they were chosen?
c) What data was being measured?

Results/Conclusions:
a) What new information did they find from this study?
b) How did society/science change from this study?

Case Study Title:

Lobotomy

Extended Abstract:
Introduction:
Doctors were performing lobotomies because they thought it would fix mental illnesses. The
main Illness that they were researching was schizophrenia. A research question being asked
is, “How can they fix schizophrenia and other mental disorders?” Lobotomy was widely
accepted because doctors discovered that if they severed the connections to the frontal lobe,
they could help patients suffering from psychiatric problems. We believe that while the
procedure was unethical, it did provide scientists with new information on how the brain
functions. Having this history of science has shown us to not invade the brain and try to
change it.

Methods:
Lobotomies were first done on chimpanzees in 1930’s before moving onto humans. They
were targeted towards people with mental illnesses. The frontal lobes are responsible for
someone’s personality and behavior. It was thought that to fix someone’s mental illness they
could separate the frontal lobes from the thalamus. People of all ages were performed on.
The doctors performing lobotomies were looking for positive changes in patients like a
decrease in paranoia, depression, anxiety and many more.

Results/Conclusion:
After decades of experimenting with lobotomy, scientists came to the conclusion that it did not
 have positive effects on the patients. Many lobotomies resulted in the death of the patients,
whether because of the procedure or suicide caused by the procedure. However, some
people claimed that it did help them, but it was probably them convincing themselves that it
did make a positive impact. This study did teach scientists to pay more attention to mental
illnesses and what procedures worked and which did not.

CASE STUDY 1
Part 2) Participant Journal
For this piece you will really have to try to put yourself in the shoes of the participant and think
about what they experienced. Your group will write a narrative from the perspective of the
participant by writing three different journal entries from significant points in the study. In some
cases, the procedure did make improvements to the symptoms that the patient wish to be
cured, but they were left with more issues compared to what they had before. However, this
study taught

Participant’s Name:
Emily Smith III

Brief bio of the participant:

Name: Emily Smith III
Age: 30
Occupation: Unemployed
Year: 1936

Journal Entry 1:
Date: October 14th, 1936

Journal Entry:
I went to the doctor today for my monthly check up. After the usual routine he informed me of
a new “miracle cure”, lobotomy. The doctor assured me that it would rectify my depression
and I would be a better happier person. He told me that everyone that he’s done the
procedure on developed a pristine personality. I'm so happy, it's been so long since I've heard
good news. I signed up for the earliest appointment date which was on the seventeenth of this
month. Hopefully everything goes smooth and the procedure ends up actually helping me, I
need something positive in my life.
Journal Entry 2:
Date: October 17th, 1936

Journal Entry:
Today was the big day! I was slightly nervous due to the fact that the doctors are taking a
piece of my brain out. My friend Sally told me that once she got her lobotomy surgery, her
depression and anxiety was cured and she was totally relaxed all the time.
During the procedure I was scared because I never realized that they would shock me to
knock me out. After that, all I remember was waking up in my bed and then looking in the
mirror only to see that my eyes were as swollen as plums. My brain feels super tired and all I
want to do is sleep.

Journal Entry 3:
Date: October 25th, 1936

Journal Entry:
Lately, I have been in the mood to do nothing. I feel like a walking zombie and my eyes have
finally swollen down after eight days. These past couple days I’ve been roaming around
randomly and sometimes I’ll forget where I was headed to. I used to like cooking, and now I
feel no need to cook. It’s almost like the chunk they took out of my brain turned me into a
vegetable. I probably won’t be back with another update.

CASE STUDY 1
Part 3) Unethical Research
The scientists in the case study you chose clearly violated some ethical considerations.
Create a list of ethical rules needed when doing research with humans based on your case
studies.

Ethical Rules for Research with Humans:

(you may need to add or delete boxes based on your group and what case studies you chose.)

Rule: Explanation for why you are including it:

Any procedures, that are painful, done on It is unethical to have a patient be in pain for
humans should be while they are under a research study while conscious. All humans
anesthesia. that have a little risk of experiencing pain
must be given anesthesia.

Procedures should only be done with consent If the human does not want to be tested on it
of the individual it is being done on. is their right to deny. Any person that is
having a procedure done on them must sign

All tools used during surgery must be of
highest quality and hygiene.
Any person that is having a procedure done
on them must be of age.
Patients must be properly prepped before
surgery.
After any procedure the patient must be
informed of aftercare.
There must be a purpose for a patient to go
through surgery for research.
Any scientist/doctor that is pursuing a
procedure must be knowledgeable in the
topic. They must also keep the patient
informed.
a consent form.
Infections and diseases are easily spread
through contaminated tools. When testing on
humans it’s important to not contribute to
harming humans.
Children aren’t capable of making serious
decisions for themselves and parents don’t
always have the kids best interest in mind.
Anyone being tested on must be 18 years or
older.
All patients have to be prepped in order to
make the procedure go quick and easy since,
the patients are already set to perform on.
It is unethical to not inform the patient of how
to take care of themselves after a procedure.
The doctor or scientist doing the procedure is
required to help the patient the best that they
can.
Any procedure done on someone can not be
done for recreational purpose, there must be
a evident purpose.
Testing on humans has a lot of risks. It is
important for everyone that has a role in the
procedure to be knowledgeable in the subject
they are testing on. Scientists/doctors must
relay their knowledge of what will happen
during the procedure to the participant.
 CASE STUDY 2

Part 1) Extended Abstract

Summarize the case study by writing an Extended Abstract for each of the two cases.
Introduction:
e) What were the background topics being studied?
f) What were the research questions being asked?
g) Why did they say this was an important thing to study at the time?
h) Do you think this was an important topic to study? Why or why not?

Methods:
d) Who were the participants in the study?
e) Why do you think they were chosen?
f) What data was being measured?

Results/Conclusions:
c) What new information did they find from this study?
d) How did society/science change from this study?

Case Study Title:

Project MK ULTRA

Extended Abstract:
Introduction:
Project MK-Ultra was a mind-control program founded by the CIA. The point of MK-Ultra was
to control human behavior with drugs and psychological manipulators. It was aimed at Soviet
enemies because this was occuring during the Cold War. There was over 150 human
experiments being done, knowingly and unknowingly. They were testing how people would act
and if the CIA could control the way people act with drugs. In the 1950’s - 1960’s this was
important because the United States government feared that Soviet, Chinese and North
Korean agents were brainwashing U.S. prisoners of war in Korea. The United States wanted
to protect themselves and fight back at them. Personally, we don’t think it was an important
thing to study because there are other ways to get back at someone. Living in America we
have proved to have other ways to fight back at other countries, using your own people to fix
a problem is not the best solution.

Methods:
The subjects who were part of Project MK-Ultra were tested with psychedelic drugs, paralytics
and electroshock therapy. Most of the time, the subjects were aware of the studies but in
some cases they were not told about the tests while they were happening. The CIA
experimented with LSD, a hallucination drug, in an attempt to find ways to brainwash people.
Other methods that were used were sensory deprivation, isolation, verbal abuse and sexual
abuse. These tests were done on students, mental hospital patients, prisoners and drug
addicts.The amount of subjects that took part in Project MK-Ultra is unknown due to the fact
that almost all of the records were destroyed. Most of these subjects were chosen to take part
in the experiments either because they volunteered or because they would not be able to fight
against it due to mental problems they already had. It was mostly easy targets that would be
willing to do anything to get paid or they didn't have anything to look forward to in life. Such as
drug addicts who were paid to participate with more drugs.

Results/Conclusion:
Some of the tests that were made by the CIA did not result in any new findings. For example,
using LSD on subject was deemed useless since the effect of the drug was too unpredictable.
Even though the experiment was deemed useless, LSD was the cause of many deaths of the
subjects. Including a CIA scientist named Frank Olson, whose death was named a suicide by
the CIA. In 1974, 21 years after Project MK-Ultra had begun, it was shut down after some of
it’s documents were exposed to the public. Project MK-Ultra was the leading cause for
Executive Order on Intelligence Activities (12333) from President Ford. The executive order
stated that, “experimentation with drugs on human subjects, except with the informed
consent, in writing and witnessed by a disinterested party, of each such human subject.”
However, this executive order was amended when President George W. Bush issued
Executive Order 13470 in order to strengthen the DNI (Director of National Intelligence).
 CASE STUDY 2
Part 2) Participant Journal
For this piece you will really have to try to put yourself in the shoes of the participant and think
about what they experienced. Your group will write a narrative from the perspective of the
participant by writing three different journal entries from significant points in the study.

Participant’s Name:
Juan Timberlake

Brief bio of the participant:

Name: Juan Timberlake
Age: 21.5
Occupation: College Student (Art Major)
Year: 1955

Journal Entry 1:
Date: May 12th, 1955

Journal Entry:
Today was a weird day. There was a point in the day where I felt like I didn't know anything
that was going on around me. All I remember was getting a free sample from the grocery
store and next thing I know I blinked, and I was at home. I felt a weird vibe from this group of
people at the store, like they were up to something. I couldn't tell what they were doing. I’m
most likely going to go to the grocery store tomorrow and see if those sketchy weirdos are
there again.

Journal Entry 2:
Date: May 17th, 1955

Journal Entry:
This whole week has been a trip. I kept going back to the store to check out those weirdos
and something kept pulling me to the samples. Right next to the weirdos by the milk aisle. I
wanted to spy on them to see what they were up to but I just kept eating the free jello
samples. It gave me a funny sense and made me feel like I was floating at times. After some
time I changed my mind about those strangers. I think I ate about 5 or 6 sample jello cups.
When I was walking back home from the store I looked up at the sky and I started to see a
bunch of different colors. Once I got inside my house the random hallucinations started to die
down. I feel better now.
Journal Entry 3:
Date: June 28, 1955

Journal Entry:
I’m starting to think I have a problem. For the past month I’ve been going back to the same
grocery store and going to get more samples of the same jello. I asked the people who were
giving out the sample what aisle the jello they were sampling was at, but they said it was
releasing soon. I know it sounds weird but it felt like I was being controlled by the jello. I went
to the doctor for my yearly checkup and he told that if I keep eating the jello I might die really
soon. He told me I have a expectancy of 2 weeks if I “keep it up.” I stormed out of his office
because I didn’t believe that some harmless jello could kill me. I never did find out what was
up with those weird strangers, oh well. If this is my last journal entry, I’m sorry self.
 CASE STUDY 2
Part 3) Unethical Research
The scientists in the case study you chose clearly violated some ethical considerations.
Create a list of ethical rules needed when doing research with humans based on your case
studies.

Ethical Rules for Research with Humans:

(you may need to add or delete boxes based on your group and what case studies you chose.)

Rule: Explanation for why you are including it:

Procedures should only be done with consent Because of the LSD drug, people would have
of the individual it is being done on. hallucinations and it could be extremely
dangerous if they are not aware of what is
about to occur to them.

Any form of abuse towards a human being is Abuse could leave a person physically and
not to be tested on. mentally damaged and could affect them all
their life.

Deprivation and isolation shall never be done Isolation could lead to severe mental issues.
unless the participant is willing to do so.

Following laws and rules of the government.
Only because the CIA is the one completing
these experiments and they are ran by the
federal government, it does not give them the
right to break the laws unless they are
granted permission by all three branches of
government or an executive order is made by
the president in its favor.

Do not allow subject to return to their normal The subjects who were mentally affected by
life without supervision unless they have not these tests could do unimaginable crimes in
had any negative impacts the aftermath of the abuse they received.

Subjects who take part in the experiments The subjects were not given proper care, as
should be cured of the problems they obtain. drug addicts were paid to participate with
drugs. The CIA should care for their subjects.

The people who experiment on the subject Even though the tests were already horrible
must know exactly what they are doing. enough, doing them without preparation is
even worse.

The families of the participants should be The subjects life would most likely be
aware of the situations they will be put in. completely ruined after the tests, so letting
the family know and getting their permission
to do it will make sure there are no future
legal problems.