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User’s Manual
Release 1.2
WARNING
To avoid risks of electrical shocks or fire, only qualified personnel should execute the procedures
specified in this manual.
WARNING
When the protective covers of any device or component connected to a 110 / 240 VAC source by a
power cord are removed, voltages and currents dangerous to life may be exposed.
WARNING
Contact with 110 / 240 Volts of alternating current and associated direct current and voltages can be
fatal.
DANGEROUS
RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK DO NOT OPEN
CAUTION
To reduce the risks of electrical shock, do not remove the cover (or the back). Refer, for servicing,
to qualified service personnel. This installation should be done by a qualified person and should
comply with to all local applicable laws.
NOTICE: ALL THE SPECIFICATIONS AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO
CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.
INDEX
1. KE /3B STL TRANSMITTER ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 5
2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 8
3. INSTALLATION.................................................................................................................................................... 10
The KE /3B is a STL transmitter that has a continuous variable 0 15 W output power, adjustable
by external control.
The output frequency range is 150 – 250 MHz with a 10 KHz step internal or front panel frequency
programmability (/C option).
The /S option is characterised by an excellent built-in digital stereo coder with stereo separation
65 dB and signal/noise ratio 80 dB.
The /R option indicates the presence of fully remote control capability with remote adjustment and
check of all the main parameters. Output power adjustment, power on/off switch, protections reset,
forward and reflected power measure, frequency deviation measurement and control, alarm status
are among the main possibilities of the remote control option.
The KE /3B has a high frequency stability, thanks to a Digital Phase Locked Loop system and a
very low drift reference quartz.
An internal deviation limiter controls the maximum frequency deviation avoiding the interference
of adjacent channels in case of accidental over modulation.
An interesting feature of the KE /3B is an intelligent protection against load mismatching (VSWR).
Front panel leds’ displayed every alarm signal.
The metering front panel bar together with led indicators allows all the main parameters and
operating conditions to be completely and easily checked. In fact, output power, reflected power,
voltage supply for the power amplifier, frequency deviation, L & R and MPX can be continuously
verified using the front panel meter.
Front panel adjustment, output power setting (PWR adj.), frequency deviation (DEV adj.),
frequency transmission (/C option), manual/remote control selection (/R option) and mono/stereo
selection (/S option) are among the operations that can be performed.
An output low-pass filter ensures a pure RF spectrum, according to international requirements.
High-efficiency switching-mode power supply provides higher reliability and reduces power
consumption. Battery operation is an available option (/VDC).
Fig. 1.1 – FRONT AND REAR VIEWS
1 2
3
7
4 5 6
8 26 27
9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 29
1. System check area (Lock indicator, Stereo indicator, Mains indicator, Remote indicator, VSWR alarm limit
(not available), Reset push button)
2. Trimmers (Power adjustment potentiometer, Deviation adjustment potentiometer)
3. Measures bar
4. Selectors (Stereo /Mono selector, x1 /x10 measure factor scale selector, Remote /Manual selector)
5. Power area (Forward pwr measure indicator, Reflected pwr measure indicator, )
6. Audio area (MPX measure indicator, Deviation measure indicator, Left channel /Mono level measure indicator,
Right channel level measure indicator)
7. Measures selector push button
8. Remote control connector
9. SCA2 input adjusting trimmer
10. SCA2 input connector
11. SCA3 input adjusting trimmer
12. SCA3 input connector
13. Interlock signal
14. Syncro/19 kHz signal
15. Left level adjusting trimmer
16. Left channel connector
17. Right level adjusting trimmer
18. Right channel connector
19. MPX IN level adjusting trimmer
20. MPX IN connector
21. SCA1 input level adjusting trimmer
22. SCA1 input connector
23. MPX OUT connector
24. AUX connector
25. RF monitor
26. RF OUT connector
27. Internal fan
28. Fuse 2 A
29. 115-230 Volts AC Selector
30. Mains VAC input
MODULATION DATA
Mono operation
Input level -6 - +10 dBm
Input connector ............................................................................................................... XLR balanced
Input impedance ........................................................................................................................... 600
Bandwidth (± 0.25 dB).................................................................................................. 20 Hz - 15 kHz
Attenuation of frequency 19 kHz............................................................................................ 50 dB
Preemphasis ..........................................................................................................................50/75 sec
S/N ratio (± 75 kHz peak dev. with 1 kHz input, 50 s deemph.) .............................................. 80 dB
THD+N (± 75 kHz peak dev. with 1 kHz input, unweighted) ..................................................... 0.1%
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Operating voltage ................................................................................. 110/220 Vac ± 10 %, 50/60 Hz
Power consumption (at 15 W output) ......................................................................................... 50 VA
Battery operation (optional) ........................................................................................................ 12 Vcc
OTHER CHARACTERISTICS
Operating conditions
Options
External frequency setting (/C)
Stereo coder (/S)
Remote control (/R)
Battery operation (/VDC)
3. INSTALLATION
The list below describes the basic steps for installing KE /3B transmitter (make reference to Errore.
L'origine riferimento non è stata trovata.).
1 - Check that the ON/OFF switch on the rear panel (45) is in OFF position.
2 - Check that the internal setting of the main supply voltage on the rear panel (44) is correct (115 -
230V).
4 - Connect the transmitter to the mains power supply (45) (115 - 230V).
5 - Switch ON the transmitter by the ON/OFF switch on the rear of the transmitter (45).
On the front panel you will see the “PWR” led (6) lit, and some seconds later the “LOCK” led (2)
lit too.
6 - Select by front panel push-button (21) the forward power measurement (led FWD light on).
7 - Adjust the output power by means of the front panel potentiometer (8), checking the front panel
meter (10).
4. ADJUSTMENTS AND MEASURES
“STEREO” led lighted (4) shows the use of the internal stereo generator board (KE /3B/S).
This led is connected to the switch (11) labelled “STEREO/MONO” located on the front panel,
which permits selecting the type of signal to be modulated.
The mono signal is obtained by the semisum of the left and right signals for the KE /3B/S.
If the stereo generator board is not present (KE /3B), the aforementioned switch and the
corresponding LED are not used.
“PWR” led lighted (6) shows that the transmitter is switched on and connected to the mains
power supply.
“VSWR” led lighted (5) shows that the VSWR protection is fully operative.
Such intelligent protection is characterised by an automatic reset circuit of about 2-3 second delay
to avoid risks of accidental intervention. This autoreset tries to restore the normal working only 3-4
times and then it switched off the transmitter definitively (for this purpose, press the “RESET”
push-button (7).
“REMOTE” led lighted (3) shows that the remote control option is activated, using the
“REM/MAN” switch located on the front panel (13).
If the transmitter is not equipped with the remote control optional board, the “REM/MAN” switch
and the “REMOTE” led are not used.
4.3 MEASURES
On the front panel a 20 led bar (10) allows the most important parameters of the transmitter to be
measured.
The front panel push-button labelled “MEASURE SELECT” (21) enables selecting the desired
measure which will be indicated by the ON light of one of the leds below the bar (14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20).
Fig. 4.1 - FRONT PANEL METERING LED BAR
- For the reflected measures, the scale represents a total output of 3.2W and the corresponding other
values of the scale are divided by ten as shown in the figure.
- For the VPA measure, the scale represents a total output of 16 V.
- For the MPX, LEFT and RIGHT measures the scale represents a total output of 16Vpp.
- For the DEV measure, the entire scale represents a 160 KHz peak.
If the measured value is very low compared with the entire scale, you can use the “ x1 / x10” front
panel switch (12) to increase the measured value for a better resolution.
Fig. 4.2 - KE /3B TRANSMITTER NOMINAL MEASURES
5. POWER SUPPLY BOARD
The power supply of the equipment is provided by two switching circuits: the first one provides the
+12V and +24V output while the second one furnishes the +12 V and the -12V for the amplifier
stage, Sintel GHz,stereo coder and front panel boards.
The switching-mode power supply has many benefits:
1) the efficiency is higher than 80%, so there is a considerable reduction of the internal heating,
thus simplifying the cooling system;
2) the lower thermic and mechanical stress for associated components, such as the transformer,
the diodes and the rectifier bridge;
3) the power supply voltages of the internal stages (+12 and -12 Vdc) are constant even in case
of wide mains fluctuations (± 10 %).
5.1 +24V SWITCHING MODULE BOARD (RS 75-24)
RS 75-24 CHARACTERISTICS
DC voltage 24V
Rated current 3.2A
Current range 0 – 3.2A
Rated Power 768W
Ripple & noise (max) 120mVp-p
OUTPUT Voltage ajd range 22 – 27.6V
Voltage tolerance ± 1.0%
Line regulation ± 0.5%
Load regulation ± 0.5%
Setup, rise, hold time 500ms, 30ms, 50 ms/230VAC
1200ms, 30ms, 12ms/115VAC at full load
Voltage range 88 – 264 VAC
Frequency range 47 – 63 Hz
Efficiency 85%
INPUT
AC current 2A/115VAC 1.2A/230VAC
Inrush current (max) Cold start 40A/230VAC
Leakage current <2mA/240VAC
Overload 110 - 150% rated output power
Over voltage 27.6 – 32.4 V
PROTECTION
Protection type: Hiccup mode, recovers
automatically after fault condition is removed
Working temperature -25 ÷ +70°C
Working humidity 20 – 90 % RH not condensing
Storage temperature, humidity -40 ÷ +85 °C, 10 ÷ 95% RH
ENVIRONNEMENT
Temp. Coefficient ±0.03%/°C (0÷50°C)
Vibration 10 – 500 Hz, 5G 10min/1cycle, period for 60
min. each along X,Y,Z axes
MTBF 265 Khrs min
OTHERS Dimension 129/97/38 mm (L/W/H)
Weight 0.41 kg
5.2 +24V SWITCHING MODULE BOARD (RD 35-13)
RS 35-13 CHARACTERISTICS
DC voltage 13.5V
Rated current 1.3A
Current range 0.3 – 2A for CH1 / 0.2 – 1.5A for CH2
Rated Power 35.1W
Ripple & noise (max) 120mVp-p
OUTPUT Voltage ajd range CH 1: 11.5 – 15.5V
Voltage tolerance ± 4.0%
Line regulation ± 0.5%
Load regulation ± 3.0%
Setup, rise, hold time 500ms, 30ms, 50 ms/230VAC
1200ms, 30ms/115VAC at full load
Voltage range 88 – 264 VAC
Frequency range 47 – 63 Hz
Efficiency 80%
INPUT
AC current 0.8A/115VAC 0.55A/230VAC
Inrush current (max) Cold start 36A/230VAC
Leakage current <2mA/240VAC
Overload 110 - 150% rated output power
Over voltage CH1: 5.75 – 6.75 V
PROTECTION
Protection type: Hiccup mode, recovers
automatically after fault condition is removed
Working temperature -25 ÷ +70°C
Working humidity 20 – 90 % RH not condensing
Storage temperature, humidity -40 ÷ +85 °C, 10 ÷ 95% RH
ENVIRONNEMENT
Temp. Coefficient ±0.03%/°C (0÷50°C)
Vibration 10 – 500 Hz, 5G 10min/1cycle, period for 60
min. each along X,Y,Z axes
MTBF 179 Khrs min
OTHERS Dimension 99/82/36 mm (L/W/H)
Weight 0.3 kg
6. MODULATION STAGE (Sintel 96)
The modulation board SINTEL 96 allows a high quality direct carrier modulation accepting a
composite stereo (MPX) or a mono input signal with up to 3 SCA subcarriers (for example
RDS, ARI, ...).
The mono input signal is filtered by a 7th order elliptic filter with a very flat response (20Hz 15kHz
with 0.25 dB) and an optimum out of band attenuation (>50 dB for frequencies greater than
19 kHz), then the signal is amplified (or attenuated) and passed to the VCO oscillator for the VHF
carrier modulation. The VCO is controlled by a digital PLL circuit with an high stability quartz
reference to obtain a syntetized oscillation very stable: the frequency setting is very agile using on
board dip-switches (the minimum step is 10 KHz).
The composite stereo signal and the SCA subcarriers are just amplified or attenuated for correct
modulation depth adjustment before the VCO: the stereo performances of SINTEL 96 are excellent
(stereo separation >60 dB from 20Hz to 15 kHz, S/N>80 dB)
Before the VCO, an adjustable and bypassable deviation limiter prevents the carrier from excessive
modulation depth and adiacent channel interference according to all the international standards
(CCIR, FCC, ....): furthermore an automatic locking circuit enable the output modulated signal of
SINTEL 96, only when the internal PLL is locked correctly avoiding all the unwanted emissions.
Fig. 6.1 - SINTEL 96 GENERAL ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC
Fig. 6.2 - PLL STAGE ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC
Fig. 6.3 - VCO STAGE ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC
Fig. 6.4 - L.F. STAGE ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC
Fig. 6.5 - L.F.2 STAGE ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC
Fig. 6.6 - FILTER STAGE ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC
Fig. 6.7 - SINTEL 96 MODULATION BOARD COMPONENT LAYOUT (DB 9604-010)
6.2 SINTEL 96 MODULATION BOARD PARTS LIST
WARNING: During frequency setting operation, it is better to turn the equipment off
(if the contraves option is not present).
The output frequency range is 150 – 250 MHz with a 10 KHz step internal or front panel frequency
programmability (/C option).
The Sintel 96 Modulation board work in second harmonics.
Let's suppose for instance we need to transmit at 230 MHz.
The oscillation frequency of Modulation board will be:
FTX /2
3 - Open the cover of the Modulator board (see Fig. 1.2) and use the dip switches located on the
modulation board.
To find the correct dip switches configuration corresponding to the channel you need, refer to the
following example relating to the 230 MHz transmitting frequency.
FTX /2
4 - Adjust the desired output power using the “PWR adj.” potentiometer located on the front panel
of the transmitter (n°8 Errore. L'origine riferimento non è stata trovata.).
7. AMPLIFIER SECTION
The SINTEL 96 modulation board furnish about -15 dBm to the input of the Front-End stage.
The Front-End give at its output a signal of +5dBm for the input of Pre-Amplifier stage.
The Pre-amplifier stage output give about +20 dB for the amplifier stage.
This last device (DB 9501-002) produce 15W adjustable output power into a 50 load.
The power regulation is obtained with a potentiometer on the front panel (n°8 Errore. L'origine
riferimento non è stata trovata.).
Every single stage is illustrated on the next pages.
7.1 FRONT – END STAGE
1 4 C1,C2,C3,C4 100p
2 1 C5 1n
3 1 C6 10n
4 1 C7 10u Elect.
5 1 C8 red balancer
6 1 R1 220R 1/4W
7 1 R2 100R 1/4W
8 2 R3,R4 47R 2W
9 3 L1,L2,L3 10u ind.
10 1 L4 VK200 ind.
11 1 T1 MSA 0304
12 1 T2 MSA 1104
13 1 T3 MRF 581
7.5 AMPLIFIER STAGE
28 6 JP2,JP20,JP21,JP22,JP23,JP25 JP JUMPER
29 4 JP3,JP5,JP6,JP10 JP
30 3 JP7,JP8,JP9 JP
31 1 J1 CON14AP
32 2 J3,J2 CON20AP
33 1 J6 AMP4
34 6 Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6 BC237
35 5 RR1,RR2,RR3,RR4,RR5 680Rx4
36 20 R1,R7,R13,R15,R17,R19, 1k 1/4W
R21,R24,R25,R27,R35,R37,
R76,R83,R84,R85,R86,R87,
R88,R93
37 21 R2,R4,R8,R10,R14,R18,R23, 10k 1/4W
R26,R32,R33,R36,R64,R67,
R68,R78,R79,R80,R81,R89,
R90,R91
38 3 R3,R62,R69 100k 1/4W
39 1 R5 13k 1/4W
40 7 R6,R12,R16,R20,R28,R30, 10k TRIMMER MONOG
R34
41 4 R22,R29,R63,R94 2k2 1/4W
42 1 R31 1k47 1/4W
43 3 R38,R39,R40 1k2 1/4W
44 1 R65 5k TRIMMER MONOG
45 1 R66 0R 1/4W
46 1 R70 1M 1/4W
47 1 R71 22K 1/4W
48 2 R72,R77 33k 1/4W
49 1 R73 1K TRIMMER MONOG
50 2 R74,R75 47k 1/4W
51 1 R82 560R 1/4W
52 1 R92 39k 1/4W
53 1 R95 10k
54 1 R101 680R 1/2W (0R for KE/G)
55 1 SW1 PULS
56 1 SW2 PULS. N.A.
57 3 S1,S2,S3 SW
58 2 U3,U1 TL084
59 1 U1 TL084 OPERAZ
60 2 U6,U7 LM3914
61 1 U8 4013 CMOS
62 1 U9 4029 CMOS
63 1 U10 4093 CMOS
64 1 U11 4028 CMOS
65 1 U12 4051 CMOS
66 1 U13 79L05
67 1 U14 4049 CMOS
68 1 U15 TL082 CMOS
9. IN-AUDIO BOARD
Fig. 9.1 - IN-AUDIO BOARD ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC
Fig. 9.2 - IN-AUDIO BOARD COMPONENT LAYOUT (DB 9909_010)
9.1 IN-AUDIO BOARD PARTS LIST
ITEM QUANTITY REFERENCE PART
________________________________________________________
8 4 L1,L2,L3,L4 10uH
9 2 PR,PL XLRF90CS
10 2 RL,RR 5K 10GROP
11 1 R1 470R 1/4W
12 1 TMPX 10K 10GROP
13 3 TSC1,TSC2,TSC3 1K 10GROP
9.2 IN-AUDIO BOARD JUMPER SETTINGS
10. STEREO ENCODER BOARD (Option)
The pattern below shows how to connect the cables of the audio signal to the female XLR
connectors for balanced or unbalanced signal.
1 ground ground
2 " +" unconnected
3 "–" signal