Chapter 3

UNIT 3 Let’s Make Something
UNIT 3
Let’s Make Something
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this chapter, are expected to be able
1. tell how to do something;

2. tell how to make something;
3. use appropriate commands or instruction.
English in a Snap: A Student's Course Book 51

UNIT 3
Let’s Make Something
A procedure text, also known as an instructional or how-to text, is a type

of writing that provides step-by-step guidance on how to complete a
specific task or achieve a particular goal. These texts are essential for
conveying clear and concise instructions to help others understand and
perform various activities successfully. In this unit, you will explore the
fundamental elements of writing a procedure text. Whether you are
explaining how to cook a simple meal, assemble a piece of furniture, or
perform a basic maintenance task, a well-crafted procedure text can make
all the difference in helping someone accomplish their goal efficiently.
52 English in A Snap: A Student's Course Book

A. Let’s Find Out!
Scan the following QR Code, then write what you get from the video.
So, what do you need to make the national flag

of Indonesia?
Mention the steps on how to make it.
Can you make it by yourself?

Vocabulary Building
Put the following steps in the correct order to make a paper airplane:
a. Fold the wings down.

b. Fold the top edges down.
c. Fold the two small triangles at the back down.
d. Fold the paper in half lengthwise.
e. Grab a sheet of paper.
f. Fold the triangle in half.
Numbers in English
The cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives

referring to quantity, and the ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.)
refer to distribution.

Number Cardinal Ordinal

1 One First
2 Two Second
3 Three Third
4 Four Fourth
5 Five Fifth
6 Six Sixth
7 Seven Seventh
8 Eight Eighth
9 Nine Ninth
10 Ten Tenth
11 Eleven Eleventh
12 Twelve Twelfth
21 twenty-one twenty-first
22 twenty-two twenty-second
23 twenty-three twenty-third
40 Forty Fortieth
50 Fifty Fiftieth
60 Sixty sixtieth
70 Seventy seventieth
80 Eighty eightieth
90 Ninety ninetieth
100 one hundred hundredth
500 five hundred five hundredth
1,000 one thousand thousandth
one thousand five
one thousand
1,500 hundred, or fifteen
five hundredth
hundred
hundred
100,000 one hundred thousand
thousandth

Number Cardinal Ordinal

1,000,000 one million millionth
Examples
• There are twenty-five people in the room.

• He was the fourteenth person to win the award.
• Six hundred thousand people were left homeless after the
earthquake.
• Reading decimals
Read decimals aloud in English by pronouncing the decimal point

as "point", then read each digit individually. Money is not read this way.
Written Said
0.5 point five
0.25 point two five
0.73 point seven three
0.05 point zero five
Reading fractions
Read fractions using the cardinal number for the numerator and the
ordinal number for the denominator, making the ordinal number plural if
the numerator is larger than 1. This applies to all numbers except for the
number 2, which is read "half" when it is the denominator, and "halves" if
there is more than one.

Written Said
1/3 one third
¾ three fourths
5/6 five sixths
½ one half
3/2 three halves
Pronouncing percentages
Percentages are easy to read aloud in English. Just say the number and
then add the word "percent".
Written Pronounced
5% five percent
25% twenty-five percent
36.25% thirty-six point two five percent
Pronouncing measurements
Just read out the number, followed by the unit of measurement, which
will often be abbreviated in the written form.
Written Spoken
60m sixty meters
25km/h twenty-five kilometers per hour
11ft eleven feet
2L two liters
3tbsp three tablespoons
1tsp one teaspoon

Pronouncing Years
Reading years in English is relatively complicated. In general, when the
year is a four digits number, read the first two digits as a whole number,
then the second two digits as another whole number. There are a few
exceptions to this rule. Years that are within the first 100 years of a new
millenium can be read as whole numbers even though they have four
digits, or they can be read as two two-digit numbers. Millennia are always
read as whole numbers because they would be difficult to pronounce
otherwise. New centuries are read as whole numbers of hundreds. We do
not use the word "thousand", at least not for reading years within the past
1000 years.
Written Spoken
2014 twenty fourteen or two thousand fourteen
2008 two thousand eight
2000 two thousand
1944 nineteen forty-four
1908 nineteen o eight
1900 nineteen hundred
1600 sixteen hundred
How to say 0
There are several ways to pronounce the number 0, used in different
contexts. Unfortunately, usage varies between different English-speaking
countries. These pronunciations apply to American English.

Pronunciation Usage
Used to read the number by itself, in reading
Zero decimals, percentages, and phone numbers, and in
some fixed expressions.
Used to read years, addresses, times and
o (the letter name)
temperatures
Nil Used to report sports scores
Nought Not used in the USA
Practice to pronounce the followings correctly!
1. 2.5%
2. 31st
3. 2/4
4. 157 m
5. 2005
6. 0.5
7. 1945
8. 3.594
9. 180 km/h
10. 55th
Article A, An, and The

When learning English, one of the fundamental concepts to grasp is the
use of articles (a, an, and the) and the distinction between singular and
plural nouns. These elements play a crucial role in sentence structure and
communication. Let's explore each of them.

"A" and "An" (Indefinite Articles):

a and an are used before singular nouns to refer to any one of that thing
or person.
• I have a cat.
• She's eating an apple.
"The" (Definite Article):

The is used before both singular and plural nouns to refer to a specific
thing or person that is already known or can be identified.
• I see the moon.

• Please pass the salt.
Singular and Plural Nouns
Singular and plural nouns are fundamental concepts in English grammar

that distinguish between one item (singular) and more than one item
(plural). Understanding this concept is essential for constructing clear and
grammatically correct sentences. Here's a basic explanation of singular
and plural nouns.
Singular Nouns
Singular nouns refer to a single person, place, thing, or concept.
Examples:
• I have a book. (One book)
• She is a teacher. (One teacher)
Person: dog, teacher, book

Place: house, school, park
Thing: car, apple, computer
Concept: love, idea, belief
Plural Nouns
Plural nouns refer to more than one person, place, thing, or concept.
Plural nouns are typically formed by adding -s to the end of a singular

noun. However, there are several rules and exceptions to be aware of:
- For most nouns: dog becomes dogs, book becomes books.

- For nouns ending in -s, -x, -z, -sh, or -ch, you usually add -es: bus
becomes buses, box becomes boxes.
- For nouns ending in -y after a consonant, change the -y to -ies: baby
becomes babies, city becomes cities.
- Some nouns have irregular plurals that don't follow the standard
rules: man becomes men, woman becomes women, child becomes
children.
Examples:
• We have three books. (Three or more books)
• They are teachers. (More than one teacher)
Using Articles with Singular and Plural Nouns

Articles with Singular Nouns
Use a or an before singular nouns to refer to any one of that thing or
person.

• I want to buy a car.

• She adopted a dog.
Articles with Plural Nouns

Use the before plural nouns when you are talking about specific things or
people that are known or identified.
• I like the flowers in your garden.
• They are watching the birds in the sky.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
1. There are three ___________ (baby) in the nursery.
2. My grandmother has a beautiful ___________ (rose) garden.
3. I need two ___________ (pencil) to complete my homework.
4. The ___________ (man) are going to the conference.
5. She has many ___________ (friend) from different ethnicities.
6. Our school has a big ___________ (library) with many books.
7. I bought three ___________ (apple) at the market.
8. The ___________ (child) are playing in the park.
9. Can you pass me the ___________ (knife), please?
10. Three ___________ (deer) crossed the road.
11. She found a ___________ (box) of old photographs in the attic.
12. His ___________ (sheep) graze in the meadow.
13. The ___________ (mouse) scurried across the floor.
14. Several ___________ (tooth) had fallen out.
15. The ___________ (family) is planning a vacation.
16. I get some_____(sand) in my shoes at the beach.

17. He has some______(money) in his pocket.

18. I am learning a lot of new_____(word).
19. I need some______(change) for the vending machine.
20. These __________ (church) are very old.
B. Let’s Listen!
Scan the following QR code!
Listen to the text and choose the best option!
1. What does the speaker talk about?

a. How to make rice
b. How to cook rice
c. How to produce rice
d. How to fry rice

2. One material to make the food is ....

a. Vegetable
b. Fruit
c. Water
d. Meat
3. Where is the rice put after being cooked for about twenty
minutes?
a. In a simmer
b. In a rice cooker
c. In a pan
d. In a pot
4. How many steps do we need to make the food?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
5. How many minutes do we generally need to make the food?
a. 15 minutes
b. 20 minutes
c. 30minutes
d. 45 minutes
Listen to the text again and complete the blank spaces!
Well, my dear students, what is your (1) _________ food?

Do you know how to (2) _________ rice?
Here are. (3) _________that you need.
The (4) _________ you need are rice and water.
These are the (5) _________ of cooking rice.
First of all, (6) _________the rice in cold water .
Secondly , put the rice with some water in a (7) _________

Then (8) _________ it .

After that put the rice into the (9) _________ and (10) _________
C. Let’s Speak!
Have you ever seen wayang kulit?
Have you ever seen wayang kulit performance?
What do you think about it?
Do you know how to make wayang kulit?
Discuss how to make wayang kulit with your

partners, then perform it in the class!
D. Let’s Read!
Read the following text.
Papeda Kuah Kuning: Papuan Sago with Turmeric Fish Soup

• Prep Time: 30 minutes
• Cook Time: 35 minutes
• Total Time: 1 hour 5 minutes

Papeda is a staple from Papua, consisting of coagulated sago starch. In this

recipe, the papeda is enjoyed with a classic turmeric fish soup with herbs
and spices, for a healthy and tasty meal.
Ingredients
- 500 gr red snapper fillet
- 8 shallots, peeled, chopped
- 3 cloves garlic, peeled, chopped
- 2 big red chillies, chopped
- 4 cm turmeric, peeled, chopped
- 2 cm ginger, peeled, chopped
- 1 lemongrass, use only the white
part, bruised, knotted
- 3 cm galangal, bruised
- 4 kaffir lime leaves
- 5 whole birds eyes chillies
(optional)
- A handful of kemangi (Indonesian basil)
- 1 lime
- Salt to taste
- 3 tbsp cooking oil
- 800 ml water
- 150 gr sago starch
- 700 ml drinking water
Instructions

1. For the soup: Slice the fish into 4-5 pieces, wash thoroughly and
sprinkle with juice from half a lime. Set aside.
2. Grind into a fine paste: shallots, garlic, big red chillies, turmeric and
ginger.
3. Heat the cooking oil in a wok over medium high heat.
4. Saute the ground spices until fragrant, around 3 minutes.
5. Add galangal, lemongrass and lime leaves. Continue to fry for
around 3 minutes.
6. Add the fish, mix with the spices.
7. Add the water.
8. Add salt and a pinch of sugar.
9. Cook until the soup boils, over medium high heat, then lower the
heat to medium.
10. Cook the fish for around 20 minutes. Add the whole bird’s eye
chillies and continue cooking for another 5 minutes.
11. Add the kemangi leaves, stir, close the lid and turn off the heat.
12. For the Papeda: Mix the sago starch with 50 ml of water until it is
completely dissolved and there are no more clumps.
13. Boil the rest of the water and pour it over the dissolved sago starch.
14. Using a wooden spoon, quickly stir the dissolved sago, not stopping
until the sago is turned completely translucent with no more
whitish parts.
Notes
• If the sago doesn’t coagulate when it’s stirred in hot water, heat it
up over low heat until it turns completely translucent.
• Any kind of fish can be used to make the soup.

Identify which of the following ingredients are used for the fish soup and
which are used for making the Papeda.
- 500 gr red snapper fillet
- 4 cm turmeric, peeled, chopped
- 3 cm galangal, bruised
- 800 ml water
- 150 gr sago starch
- 700 ml drinking water
- A handful of kemangi (Indonesian basil)
- 2 big red chillies, chopped
- 1 lime
- 5 whole birds eyes chillies
Answer the questions based on the text.
1. What is the total time required to prepare Papeda Kuah Kuning

from start to finish?
2. What is Papeda, and where is it commonly found?
3. What is the main ingredient used for the fish soup in this recipe?
4. Name three ingredients used to make the paste for the fish soup.
5. What is the purpose of bruising the lemongrass and galangal in the
recipe?
6. What should you do after adding the fish to the sautéed spices in
the soup preparation?
7. How long should you cook the fish in the soup, and what is added
during the last 5 minutes of cooking?
8. What is the purpose of adding kemangi leaves to the soup, and
when should you do it?

9. How do you prepare the Papeda in this recipe?

10. What should you do if the sago starch doesn't coagulate when
stirred in hot water, according to the notes?
11. Can you use any type of fish to make the soup, based on the
information in the notes?
E. Let’s Write!
Have you ever seen this sign?
What does it mean?
What should you do?
What shouldn’t you do?
Commands, also known as imperatives, are sentences used to give direct

orders, instructions, or requests. They are one of the four main sentence
types in English, along with statements, questions, and exclamations.
Commands are a fundamental part of everyday communication and can
be found in various situations, from giving directions to cooking recipes
and issuing orders.
Some key points to understand about commands or instructions in
English.
1) Structure of Commands
Commands are typically constructed using the base form of a verb
(infinitive form) without the subject "you" explicitly mentioned. For
example:
Close the door.

Please pass the salt.

2) However, the subject "you" is implied and understood in
commands. In informal speech, it's common to omit "you." For
example:
Turn off the lights. (Implied subject: "You")
3) Politeness in Commands
Commands can be polite or impolite depending on the context and
the use of polite expressions. Politeness is often achieved through
the use of polite words such as "please" or by framing the command
as a request. For example:
Please hand me the pen.
Could you please be quiet
4) Negative Commands:
Negative commands are used to tell someone not to do something.
They are formed by adding "do not" or "don't" before the base verb.
For example:
Don't touch that.
Do not enter.
5) Commands for Groups
Commands can be directed towards groups of people or individuals.
In such cases, the subject may be explicitly mentioned to avoid
confusion. For example:
All of you, be quiet.
You, come here.
6) Commands in Writing
In written instructions, commands are often used to provide step-
by-step guidance in procedures or recipes. They are typically

written in the imperative form to make the instructions clear and

concise.
7) Use of Modals
Modals like "should," "must," and "ought to" can be used to give
commands with a sense of obligation or advice. For example:
You should study for the exam.
You must finish your homework.
Study the following pictures, then write the commands based on the
pictures.
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

__________________________
________________________
____________________________
____________________________
___________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

A. Read the following text to make a flip book and aswer the
questions!
How to Make a Flip Book
A flip book is a simple and entertaining way to bring your drawings

to life. It's a great craft project for students that combines art and
creativity. The following is the steps to make your own flipbook.
Materials Needed:
• Sheets of paper (white or colored)
• Pencils, markers, or crayons
• A ruler
• Scissors
• A stapler or paper clips
• Imagination and enthusiasm
Procedure:
1. Gather Your Supplies

Collect all the materials you'll need for your flip book.
2. Decide on Your Animation
Think about what you want to animate. It could be a stick figure
jumping, a flower growing, or anything else you can imagine.
3. Prepare Your Pages
Take your sheets of paper and cut them into equal-sized
rectangles. These will be the pages of your flip book. You can start

with 10 to 20 pages, depending on how long you want your

animation to be.
4. Create the First Drawing
On the first page, draw the initial image of your animation. For
example, if you're animating a jumping stick figure, draw it in the
initial pose at the bottom of the page.
5. Make Incremental Changes
On the next page, slightly alter the drawing to show the next stage
of your animation. Continue this process on each page, making
small changes to create the illusion of movement. Use your ruler
to keep the drawings consistent in size and position.
6. Flip the Pages
When you flip through the pages quickly from the bottom, you
should see your drawing come to life as it moves or changes.
7. Add Details and Color
After you're satisfied with the basic animation, go back and add
details and color to your drawings to make them more appealing.
8. Secure Your Flip Book
Once your flip book is complete, stack the pages in order, with the
first drawing at the bottom. Use a stapler or paper clips to secure
the pages together on one side.
9. Test Your Flip Book
Hold the flip book on the side opposite the stapled edge and flip
through the pages to watch your animation in action.
10. Share and Enjoy
Show your flip book to your friends, family, and classmates.
They'll be amazed at your creativity!

Tips:
Experiment with different stories and animations to keep things
exciting.
If you make a mistake, don't worry! Just flip the page and try
again.
You can even make themed flip books for special occasions like
birthdays or holidays.
Answer the following questions based on the text!
1. What is a flip book, and why is it described as simple and

entertaining?
2. Who is the target audience for this craft project?
3. List the materials needed to create a flip book.
4. How should you decide what to animate in your flip book?
5. What should you do with your sheets of paper in Step 3?
6. Imagine you made a mistake on one of the pages of your flip book,
and it doesn't fit the animation correctly. What could you do to fix
this issue without starting over? Explain your solution.
7. Come up with your own idea for a flip book animation. Describe
what you would draw on each page and what the animation
would look like when you flip through the pages. Be creative
8. Think about the skills and qualities this activity promotes, such as
creativity, patience, and attention to detail. Write a short
paragraph about how creating a flip book can help develop these
skills and why it can be an enjoyable learning experience for
elementary school students.

B. Match the following vocabulary words from the text with their
meanings in the box!
1. Animation
2. Illusion
3. Secure
4. Stapler
5. Consistent
a. To fasten or attach firmly

b. The process of creating a moving image from a series of
still images
c. A device that fastens together sheets of paper by driving
a metal clasp through them
d. A false or misleading appearance or belief
e. Unchanging in behavior, principles, or design
C. Put the following steps from the procedure text in the correct
order!
1) Flip through the pages quickly from the bottom to see your
drawing come to life.
2) Add details and color to your drawings.
3) Create the first drawing on the first page.
4) Secure the pages together with a stapler or paper clips.
5) Decide what you want to animate.
6) Test your flip book by flipping through the pages.
7) Gather all the materials needed for your flip book.

8) Prepare the pages by cutting them into equal-sized rectangles.

9) Make incremental changes to the drawings on each page.

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UNIT 3 Let’s Make Something

By the end of this chapter, are expected to be able

1. tell how to do something;

English in a Snap: A Student's Course Book 51

A procedure text, also known as an instructional or how-to text, is a type

52 English in A Snap: A Student's Course Book

A. Let’s Find Out!

So, what do you need to make the national flag

Mention the steps on how to make it.

Can you make it by yourself?

English in a Snap: A Student's Course Book 53

a. Fold the wings down.

The cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives

54 English in A Snap: A Student's Course Book

Number Cardinal Ordinal

English in a Snap: A Student's Course Book 55

Number Cardinal Ordinal

• There are twenty-five people in the room.

Read decimals aloud in English by pronouncing the decimal point

0.5 point five

0.25 point two five

0.73 point seven three

0.05 point zero five

56 English in A Snap: A Student's Course Book

1/3 one third

5/6 five sixths

3/2 three halves

English in a Snap: A Student's Course Book 57

2014 twenty fourteen or two thousand fourteen

2008 two thousand eight

2000 two thousand

1944 nineteen forty-four

1908 nineteen o eight

1900 nineteen hundred

1600 sixteen hundred

58 English in A Snap: A Student's Course Book

Practice to pronounce the followings correctly!

Article A, An, and The

English in a Snap: A Student's Course Book 59

"A" and "An" (Indefinite Articles):

"The" (Definite Article):

• I see the moon.

Singular and Plural Nouns

Singular and plural nouns are fundamental concepts in English grammar

Singular nouns refer to a single person, place, thing, or concept.

Person: dog, teacher, book

60 English in A Snap: A Student's Course Book

Place: house, school, park

Thing: car, apple, computer

Concept: love, idea, belief

Plural nouns are typically formed by adding -s to the end of a singular

- For most nouns: dog becomes dogs, book becomes books.

Using Articles with Singular and Plural Nouns

English in a Snap: A Student's Course Book 61

• I want to buy a car.

Articles with Plural Nouns

62 English in A Snap: A Student's Course Book

17. He has some______(money) in his pocket.

Scan the following QR code!

Listen to the text and choose the best option!

1. What does the speaker talk about?

English in a Snap: A Student's Course Book 63

2. One material to make the food is ....