Mathematics-B

Arithmetic Assignment
∎ Ratio:
1. Three fiends Alan, Bob and Clive divide $500 in the ratios 2: 3: 5.

Calculate how much each friend receives.

Answers: $100, $150, $250.

2. Anne and Toby share 10 sweets in the ratio 3: 2. Find the number of sweets that each child receives.

Answers: 6, 4.

3. (a) A sum of money is divided in the ratio 4 ∶ 3. The larger part is $7.20. Find the smaller part.

(b) Express the ratio 700 g to 1.75 kg in its lowest terms.

Give your answer in the form 𝑚 ∶ 𝑛 where 𝑚 and 𝑛 are integers.

Answers: (a) $5.40, (b) 2 ∶ 5.

4. A wooden plank is cut into three pieces in the ratio 2 ∶ 5 ∶ 1. The length of the longest piece is 125 cm.

(a) Find the length, in cm, of the shortest piece.

(b) Find the total length, in metres, of the plank.

Answers: (a) 25 cm, (b) 2 m.

5. (a) The ratio of Sayed’s age to his mother’s age is 2 ∶ 7. Sayed is 14 years old. How old is his mother?

(b) The ratio of Fatima’s age to her father’s age is 3 ∶ 8. The total of their ages is 66 years. How old is Fatima?

Answers: (a) 49 years, (b) 18 years.

6. Jane and Ken share some money in the ratio 5 ∶ 3. Ken’s share is $16 less than Jane’s share.

Find each person’s share.

Answers: $40, $24.

7. (a) The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 4 ∶ 5. What fraction of the class are boys?

(b) The ratio of boys to girls in a school is 3 ∶ 4. There are 120 more girls than boys.

How many students are in the school?

4
Answers: (a) 9 , (b) 840.

8. (a) Jane puts some red balloons and some blue balloons into a bag. The ratio of red balloons to blue

balloons is 3 ∶ 4. There are 84 balloons in the bag. How many blue balloons are there in the bag?

(b) At a party, the ratio of boys to girls is 5 ∶ 4. There are 40 boys at the party.

Find the total number of children at the party.

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Answers: (a) 48, (b) 72.

9. (a) The diagram shows a scale from 3.8 to 3.9, divided into five equal parts.

What is the value at the mark labelled 𝑃?

(b)The points 𝑋 and 𝑌 lie on the line 𝐴𝐵 such that 𝐴𝑋 ∶ 𝑋𝑌 ∶ 𝑌𝐵 = 3 ∶ 2 ∶ 4.

Given that 𝐴𝐵 = 18 cm. Find 𝑋𝑌.

Answers: (a) 3.84, (b) 4.

10. (a) Some money is shared between Ali, Ben and Carl in the ratio 5 ∶ 3 ∶ 2. Ben receives $60.

How much money is shared?

1
(b) Express the ratio 3 hours ∶ 14 minutes in the form 𝑘 ∶ 1.
2

Answers: (a) $200, (b) 15 ∶ 1.

11. £𝑁 is shared between three people in the ratio 2 ∶ 3 ∶ 7.

The largest share is £540 more than the smallest share. Calculate the value of 𝑁.

Answers: 1296.

12. Given that 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 = 6 ∶ 5 and 𝑦 ∶ 𝑧 = 4 ∶ 5, find the ratio 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 ∶ 𝑧, in integer form.

Answers: 24 ∶ 20 ∶ 25.

13. Given that 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 = 5 ∶ 8 and that 𝑦 ∶ 𝑧 = 6 ∶ 7, find 𝑥 ∶ 𝑧. Give your answer in its simplest form.

Answers: 15 ∶ 28.

14. You are given that 60 ∶ 𝑥 = 3 ∶ 2. Find 𝑥.

Answers: 40.

15. A drink is made by mixing fruit juice and water in the ratio 3 ∶ 5. The drink is made using 2 litres of

water. Calculate the amount of fruit juice used. Give your answer in millilitres.

Answers: 1200 ml.

∎ Percentage
1. In a class of 30 students, 20% have black hair, 10% have blonde hair and 70% have brown hair.

Calculate the number of students with:

(a) black hair, (b) blonde hair, (c) brown hair.

Answers: (a) 6, (b) 3, (c) 21.

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2. A survey conducted among 120 school children looked at which type of meat they preferred.

55% said they preferred lamb, 20% said they preferred chicken, 15% preferred duck and 10% turkey.

Calculate the number of children in each category.

Answers: 𝐿𝑎𝑚𝑏: 66, 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑛: 24, 𝐷𝑢𝑐𝑘: 18, 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑦: 12.

3. A survey was carried out in a school to see what nationality its students were.

Of the 220 students in the school, 65% were Australian, 20% were Pakistani, 5% were Greek and

10% belonged to other nationalities. Calculate the number of students of each nationality.

Answers: 𝐴𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛: 143, 𝑃𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑖: 44, 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑘: 11, 𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠: 22.

4. A shop assistant has a salary of $16000 per year. If his salary increases by 8%, calculate:

(a) the amount extra he receives a month, (b) his new monthly salary.

Answers: (a) $1280, (b) $17280.

5. A garage increases the price of a car by 12%. If the original price was $14500.

(a) Find the price increased, (b) find the new price.

Answers: (a) 1740, (b)16240.

6. A shop sells a set of tools costing $130 at a 15% discount.

(a) Find discount amount, (b) find the final sale price.

Answers: (a) 19.5, (b) 110.5.

7. A farmer takes 250 chickens to be sold at a market. In the first hour he sells 8% of his chickens.

In the second hour he sells 10% of those that were left. Calculate the number of chickens left.

Answers: 207.

8. In the last two weeks of a sale, prices are reduced first by 30% and then by a further 40% of the

new price. What is the final sale price of a shirt which originally cost $15?

Answers: $6.3.

9. Hasan thinks his goldfish got chickenpox. He lost 70% of his collection of goldfish.

If he has 60 survivors, how many did he have originally?

Answers: 200.

10. During a Grand Prix car race, the tires on a car are reduced in weight by 3%.

If they weigh 388 kg at the end of the race, how much did they weigh at the start?

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Answers: 400 kg.

11. A boat is sold for $15360 at a profit of 28%. What did the boat originally cost the seller?

Answers: $1200.

12. A one-year-old car is worth $11250.

If its value has depreciated by 25% in that first year, calculate its price when new.

Answers: $15000.

13. The price of each item in a shop is increased by 30%.

(a) Calculate the new price of the radio which used to cost $48.

(b) Calculate the original price of a fridge which now cost $325.

Answers: (a) $62.4, (b) $250.

14. In a sale the price of all goods was reduced by 22%. The original price of a television was $450.

(a) Calculate the sale price, in $, of the television.

(b) The sale price of a radio was $66.30, calculate the original price, in $, of the radio.

Answers: (a) $351, (b) $85.

15. A television cost $270.25 including 15% sales tax. How much of the cost is tax?

Answers: $35.3.

16. A town has 3500 families who own a car.

If this represents 28% of the families in the town, how many families are there in total?

Answers: 12500.

17. In the following question, the first number is increased to become the second number.

Calculate the percentage increase in each case:

(a) 50 → 60 (b) 75 → 135 (c) 40 → 84 (d) 30 → 31.5 (e) 18 → 33.3 (f) 4 → 13

Answers: (a) 20%, (b) 80%, (c) 110%, (d) 5%, (e) 85%, (f) 225%.

18. In the following question, the first number is decreased to become the second number.

Calculate the percentage decrease in each case:

(a) 50 → 25 (b) 80 → 56 (c) 20 → 19 (d) 3 → 0 (e) 550 → 352 (f) 150 → 142.5

Answers: (a) 50%, (b) 30%, (c) 5%, (d) 100%, (e) 36%, (f) 5%.

19. A pair of shows is priced at $45. During a sale the price is reduced by 20%.

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(a) Calculate the sale price of the shoes.

(b) What is the percentage increase in the price if after the sale it is once again restored to $45?

Answers: (a) $36, (b) 25%.

20. (a) The cost of manufacturing a television was $15 000.

(i) It was sold to a wholesaler at a profit of 8% of the cost.

Calculate the price the wholesaler paid for the television.

(ii) The wholesaler sold the television to a shop at a profit of 8% of the price he paid for it.

The shop then sold the television to John at a profit of 8% of the price it paid.

Calculate how much the television cost John.

(iii) Calculate the percentage increase in the cost of the television from its manufacture till John owns it.

(b) The shop sold a Home Entertainment system to Leslie for $46480.

The shop made a profit of 12% on the price it paid for the system.

Calculate how much the shop paid for the system.

Answers: (a) (i) $16 200, (ii) $18895.6, (iii) 25.9%, (b) $41500.

21. Wasim owns a shop. The table shows the cost price and selling price of three items in his shop.

Item Cost Price ($) Selling Price ($)

Trampoline 48 66

Swing 𝑥 19.50

Bicycle 82 110

(a) Calculate his percentage profit when he sells a trampoline.

(b) Wasim makes a profit of 30% when he sells a swing. Calculate the cost price, $𝑥, of a swing.

(c) In a sale, the selling price of a bicycle is reduced by 20%.

(i) Find the sale price of a bicycle.

(ii)

Jaspreet bought a bicycle on a Thursday.

Calculate the difference between the amount Jaspreet paid and the cost price.

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Answers: (a) 37.5%, (b) $15, (c) (i) $88, (ii) $2.80.
𝑥
22. 𝑅 = 𝑦

Find the percentage increase in the value of 𝑅 when the value of 𝑥 increases by 5% and the value of 𝑦

decreases by 25%. [Jan 18/P1R]

Answers: 40%

∎ Map Scale:
1. The distance on a map between Oxford and Banbury is 16 cm. Given that the actual distance between

these two towns is 40 km, calculate the scale of the map, giving your answer in the form 1 ∶ 𝑛.

Answers: 1 ∶ 250 000.

2. Two towns are 8.4 km apart. On a map this distance is represented by a length of 16.8 cm. Determine

the scale of the map expressing your answer in the form 1 ∶ 𝑛.

Answers: 1 ∶ 50 000.

3. The scale on a map is 1 ∶ 20000

(a) Find the actual distance, in km, represented by a length of 6 cm on the map.

(b) Find the area, in cm2 on the map, which represents a wood whose actual area is 0.8 km2.

Answers: (a) 1.2 km, (b) 20 cm2.

4. The scale on a map is 1 ∶ 200000

(a) Find the distance, in km, represented by a length of 3.8 cm on the map.

(b) Find the area, in cm2, of the region on the map that represents an area of 40 km2

Answers: (a) 7.6 km, (b) 10 cm2.

5. The length of a road is 1.2 km. On a map, the length of the road is 3 cm.

(a) Express the scale of the map as a ratio in the form 1 ∶ 𝑛, where 𝑛 is a positive integer.

The area of the field is 1.6 km2.

(b) Calculate the area, in cm2, of the field represented on the map.

Answers: (a) 1 ∶ 40 000, (b) 10 cm2.

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