DSE CHEM 2020 必溫重點

經驗實力佳績見證概念技巧權威演繹
ELVIS LAM DSE CHEM 2020 必溫重點

全港唯一連奪七屆化學 5**
DSE CHEM 2020

必溫重點
ELVIS LAM
B.Sc. Chem (Hons.) HKUST
© Copyright 2020 by Elvis Lam
DSE CHEM 2020 必溫重點

1 For Internal Use Only
HKDSE 化學科
課程結構及評核指引
Topic 1 - Planet Earth 地球
Students should learn Students should be able to

學生應學習學生應能
A. The atmosphere
大氣
the composition of air describe the processes and concepts involved in
空氣中的成分

fractional distillation of liquid air
描述分餾液態空氣所涉及的過程及概念
separating oxygen and nitrogen from liquid air by
demonstrate how to carry out a test for oxygen gas
示範如何進行氧氣的試驗
fractional distillation
以分餾法從液態空氣中分離出氧和氮
method for testing oxygen gas
檢測氧氣的方法

B. The ocean
海洋
describe different kinds of minerals in the sea
描述海中各種不同的礦物
the composition of sea water
海水中的成分

method for extracting common salt and isolating demonstrate how to extract common salt and isolate
pure water from sea water in the laboratory
示範如何在實驗室內，從海水中提取食鹽和分離出純水
pure water from sea water
從海水中提取出食鹽和分離出純水的方法
method for testing the presence of sodium and describe the processes and concepts involved in evaporation,
chloride in a sample of common salt distillation, crystallisation and filtration as different kinds of
顯示食鹽樣本中含鈉和氯化物的檢測方法 physical separation methods
描述蒸發、蒸餾、結晶和過濾等不同物理分離法所涉及的
method for testing the presence of water in a sample 過程及概念
顯示某樣本中含水的檢測方法

evaluate the appropriateness of using evaporation,

distillation, crystallisation and filtration for different situations
評鑑在不同情況下採用蒸發、蒸餾、結晶和過濾等是否恰當
electrolysis of sea water and uses of the products
海水的電解及其生成物的用途

demonstrate how to carry out the flame test, test for chloride
and test for water in the laboratory
示範如何在實驗室內進行焰色試驗、氯化物的試驗和水的試驗

HKDSE 化學科
Topic 1 - Planet Earth 地球

C. Rocks and minerals
岩石和礦物
rocks are the source of minerals describe the methods for extracting metals from their ores,
岩石是礦物的來源

such as the physical method, heating alone and heating
with carbon
描述從金屬礦石提取金屬的方法，如物理方法、單獨加熱和
與碳共熱
isolating useful materials from minerals as
exemplified by extracting metals from their ores
以從金屬礦石中提取金屬為例，說明從礦物中可
分離出有用的物料 describe the different forms of calcium carbonate in nature
描述自然界中碳酸鈣的各類不同形式
limestone, chalk and marble are different forms of
calcium carbonate understand that chemicals may change through the effects
石灰石、白堊和大理石是不同形式的碳酸鈣 of heat, water and acids
明瞭熱、水和酸的影響可使化學品起變化
erosion processes as exemplified by the effects of
use simple word equations to describe chemical changes
利用簡單文字反應式描述化學變化
heat, water and acids on calcium carbonate
以熱、水和酸對碳酸鈣的影響為例，說明侵蝕過程
thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate and demonstrate how to carry out tests for carbon dioxide gas
and calcium
示範如何在實驗室內進行二氧化碳氣體和鈣的試驗
test for carbon dioxide gas
碳酸鈣的熱分解及二氧化碳氣體的試驗
method for testing the presence of calcium and
顯示石灰石（或白堊、大理石）樣本中含鈣和
carbonate in a sample of limestone/chalk/marble
碳酸鹽的檢測方法

HKDSE 化學科
Topic
Topic 2 - Microscopic World I 微觀世界 I

A. Atomic structure
原子結構
state the relationship between element and atom
說明元素與原子的關係
elements, atoms and symbols
元素、原子和符號

use symbols to represent elements

使用符號來表示元素
classification of elements into metals,
non-metals and metalloids
元素的分類：金屬、非金屬和類金屬
classify elements as metals or non-metals on the
basis of their properties
將元素按其性質分為金屬或非金屬
electrons, neutrons and protons as
subatomic particles
電子、中子和質子為次原子粒子
be aware that some elements possess
characteristics of both metals and non-metals
簡單的原子模型瞭解某些元素同時具有金屬與
simple model of atom
非金屬的性質
原子序(Z)和質量數(A)
atomic number (Z) and mass number (A)
state and compare the relative charges and the
relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an
electron
說明及比較質子、中子和電子的相對電荷和
相對質量
describe the structure of an atom in terms of
protons, neutrons and electrons
利用質子、中子和電子描述原子的結構
interpret and use symbols such as 2311Na
闡釋和運用符號，如

23
11Na
deduce the numbers of protons, neutrons and

electrons in atoms and ions with given atomic
運用所給的原子序和質量數推算原子和
numbers and mass numbers
離子中的質子、中子及電子數目

HKDSE 化學科
Topic

isotopes identify isotopes among elements with relevant
同位素

information
通過相關資料從元素中識別同位素
isotopic masses and relative atomic masses
based on 12C=12.00
以為基準的同位素質量和
perform calculations related to isotopic masses
12
and relative atomic masses
進行有關同位素質量和相對原子質量的計算
C=12.00
相對原子質量
electronic arrangement of atoms understand and deduce the electronic
arrangements of atoms
認識和推斷出原子的電子排佈
(up to Z=20)
原子的電子排佈（至 Z=20 ）
stability of noble gases related to their represent the electronic arrangements of atoms
using electron diagrams
利用電子圖表達原子的電子排佈
electronic arrangements
貴氣體的穩定性與其電子排佈的關係
找出貴氣體的穩定性與八隅體規則的關係
relate the stability of noble gases to the octet rule

HKDSE 化學科
Topic
Topic 2 - Microscopic
Microscopic World I 微觀世界 I

B. The Periodic Table
週期表
the position of the elements in the understand that elements in the Periodic Table
Periodic Table related to their electronic arrangements are arranged in order of ascending
元素在週期表中的位置與其電子排佈的關係 atomic number
明瞭週期表內各元素是依原子序數由
similarities in chemical properties among 小至大排列的
elements in Groups I, II, VII and 0
第、、和族內同族元素在化學性質
I II VII 0 appreciate the Periodic Table as a systematic
的相似性 way to arrange elements
認識週期表是一個有系統的排列元素方式
define the group number and period number of
an element in the Periodic Table
界定元素在週期表中的族數和週期數
relate the position of an element in the
Periodic Table to its electronic structure and
vice versa
找出元素在週期表中的位置與其電子結構的關係
relate the electronic arrangements to the
chemical properties of the Group I, II, VII and
0 elements
找出第、、和族元素的電子排佈與
I II VII 0
其化學性質的關係
describe differences in reactivity of Group I, II
and VII elements
描述第、和族元素活潑性的差異
I II VII
predict chemical properties of unfamiliar

elements in a group of the Periodic Table
推測週期表內某一族中一些陌生元素的化學性質

HKDSE 化學科
Topic

C. Metallic bonding
金屬鍵
describe the simple model of metallic bond
描述金屬鍵合的簡單模型

D. Structures and properties of metals

金屬的結構和性質 describe the general properties of metals
描述金屬所具的一般性質

relate the properties of metals to their

giant metallic structures
找出金屬性質與其巨型金屬結構的關係

HKDSE 化學科
Topic

E. Ionic and covalent bond
離子鍵和共價鍵
transfer of electrons in the formation of ionic bond describe, using electron diagrams, the
藉電子轉移而形成離子鍵

formation of ions and ionic bonds
利用電子圖描述離子及離子鍵的形成
cations and anions
陽離子和陰離子

draw the electron diagrams of cations and anions
繪畫陽離子和陰離子的電子圖

electron diagrams of simple ionic compounds

簡單離子化合物的電子圖

predict the ions formed by atoms of metals and non-metals by using
information in
the Periodic Table
names and formulae of ionic compounds
離子化合物的名稱和化學式利用週期表的資料預測由金屬原子與非金屬原子
所形成的離子
ionic structure as illustrated by sodium chloride
以氯化鈉為例，說明離子結構

identify polyatomic ions
辨認多原子離子

name some common cations and anions
根據離子的化學式，為常見陽離子和陰離子命名
according to the chemical formulae of ions
name ionic compounds based on the
根據所含離子，為離子化合物命名
component ions
describe the colours of some common ions in

aqueous solutions
描述常見離子在水溶液所呈現的顏色
interpret chemical formulae of ionic compounds
in terms of the ions present and their ratios
透過離子化合物所含離子及其數目的比例，
闡釋其化學式
construct formulae of ionic compounds based
on their names or component ions
參照離子化合物的名稱或所含離子，
寫出其化學式
describe the structure of an ionic crystal
描述離子晶體的結構


HKDSE 化學科
Topic

E. Ionic and covalent bond
離子鍵和共價鍵
describe the formation of a covalent bond
描述共價鍵的形成
sharing of electrons in the formation of
covalent bond
藉電子共用而形成共價鍵
describe, using electron diagrams, the formation
of single, double and triple bonds
利用電子圖描述單鍵、雙鍵和三鍵的形成
single, double and triple bonds
單鍵、雙鍵和三鍵
electron diagrams of simple covalent molecules describe the formation of the dative covalent
簡單共價分子的電子圖

bond by means of electron diagram using H3O+
and NH4+ as examples
以和為例，利用電子圖描述配位
H3O+ NH4+
共價鍵的形成
names and formulae of covalent compounds
共價化合物的名稱和化學式
formula masses and relative molecular masses interpret chemical formulae of covalent
式量和相對分子質量

compounds in terms of the elements present
and the ratios of their atoms
按照共價化合物所含的元素及其原子數目的
比例，闡釋其化學式
write the names and formulae of covalent
compounds based on their component atoms
參照共價化合物所含的原子，寫出其
名稱和化學式
communicate scientific ideas with appropriate
use of chemical symbols and formulae
適當地運用化學符號和化學式傳遞科學概念
define and distinguish the terms: formula mass
and relative molecular mass
界定及分辨以下詞彙：式量和相對分子質量
perform calculations related to formula masses
and relative molecular masses of compounds
進行有關化合物的式量和相對分子質量的計算

HKDSE 化學科
Topic

F. Structures and properties of giant ionic describe giant ionic structures of substances
substances
巨型離子物質的結構和性質
such as sodium chloride and caesium chloride
界定及分辨以下詞彙：式量和相對分子質量
state and explain the properties of ionic
compounds in terms of their structures and
bonding
進行有關化合物的式量和相對分子質量的計算
G. Structures and properties of simple molecular substances
簡單分子物質的結構和性質
describe simple molecular structures of
substances such as carbon dioxide and iodine
描述如二氧化碳和碘等物質的簡單分子結構
recognise that van der Waals’ forces exist
between molecules
認識於分子之間存在范德華力
state and explain the properties of simple
molecular substances in terms of their structures
利用簡單分子物質的結構及鍵合，說明並解釋
and bonding
其性質
H. Structures and properties of giant covalent describe giant covalent structures of substances
巨型共價物質的結構和性質
substances
描述如金剛石、石墨和石英等物質的巨型共價結構
such as diamond, graphite and quartz
state and explain the properties of giant covalent substances in terms

of their structures and
bonding
利用巨型共價物質的結構和鍵合，說明並解釋
其性質
I. Comparison of structures and properties of compare the structures and properties of
important types of important types of substances with giant ionic, giant covalent,
substances
比較一些重要類別的物質的結構和性質
比較一些重要類別的物質的結構和性質
simple molecular and giant metallic structures
比較具有巨型離子結構、巨型共價結構、簡單
分子結構和巨型金屬結構的物質的結構和性質
deduce the properties of substances from their structures and bonding,
and vice versa
利用物質的結構和鍵合來推斷其性質；或利用
物質的性質推斷其結構和鍵合
explain applications of substances according
to their structures
利用物質的結構解釋其用途

HKDSE 化學科
Topic 3 - Metals 金屬

A. Occurrence and extraction of metals
金屬的存在和提取
state the sources of metals and their occurrence in nature
說明金屬的來源和其在自然界中存在的形式
occurrence of metals in nature in free state and in
combined forms
金屬在自然界中以自由態和化合態形式存在
explain why extraction of metals is needed
解釋為何需要提取金屬

obtaining metals by heating metal oxides or by
heating metal oxides with carbon
把金屬氧化物加熱或與碳共熱以獲取金屬 understand that the extraction of metals involves reduction
of their ores
extraction of metals by electrolysis 明瞭金屬的提取涉及其礦石的還原
以電解提取金屬

describe and explain the major methods of extraction of

metals from their ores
描述並解釋由礦石提取金屬的主要方法
relation of the discovery of metals with the ease of
extraction of metals and the availability of raw materials
金屬的發現與金屬提取的難易程度和原料是否容易取得
有關 relate the ease of obtaining metals from their ores to the
reactivity of the metals
limited reserves of metals and their conservations 找出從礦石提取金屬的難易程度與金屬活潑性的關係
有限的金屬蘊藏量與金屬資源的保存

deduce the order of discovery of some metals from their

relative ease of extraction
參照金屬提取的難易程度推斷發現某些金屬的先後次序
write word equations for the extraction of metals
寫出金屬提取的文字反應式

describe metal ores as a finite resource and hence the need

to recycle metals
描述金屬資源有限故有需要將金屬再循環
evaluate the recycling of metals from social, economic and
environmental perspectives
從社會、經濟及環境角度評價金屬的再循環

HKDSE 化學科

B. Reactivity of metals
金屬的活性
reactions of some common metals (sodium, calcium, describe and compare the reactions of some common metals
with oxygen/air, water and dilute acids
描述及比較一些常見金屬與氧或空氣、水和稀酸的反應
magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, copper, etc.) with
oxygen/air, water, dilute hydrochloric acid and ( )
dilute sulphuric acid
一些常見金屬如鈉、鈣、鎂、鋅、鐵、鉛、銅等與 write the word equations for the reactions of metals with
氧(或空氣)、水、稀氫氯酸和稀硫酸的反應 oxygen/air, water and dilute acids
寫出金屬與氧或空氣、水和稀酸反應的文字反應式
( )
metal reactivity series and the tendency of metals to
construct a metal reactivity series with reference to their
金屬活性序與金屬形成正離子的趨向
form positive ions
reactions, if any, with oxygen/air, water and dilute acids
參照金屬與氧或空氣、水和稀酸的反應編排金屬的活性序
( )
displacement reactions and their interpretations based
on the reactivity series write balanced chemical equations to describe various
置換反應及利用活性序解釋該等反應 reactions
寫出平衡的化學反應式以描述不同的反應
prediction of the occurrence of reactions involving
metals using the reactivity series use the state symbols (s), (l), (g) and (aq) to write chemical
利用活性序預測涉及金屬的反應 equations
運用物態符號、、和來書寫化學反應式
(s) (l) (g) (aq)
relation between the extraction method of a metal and
its position in the metal reactivity series relate the reactivity of metals to the tendency of metals to
金屬的提取方法與其在活性序位置的關係 form positive ions
找出金屬的活性與金屬形成正離子趨向的關係
describe and explain the displacement reactions involving
various metals and metal compounds in aqueous solutions
描述並解釋涉及不同金屬和金屬化合物水溶液的置換反應
deduce the order of reactivity of metals from given information
利用所給資料推斷金屬的活性次序

write balanced ionic equations

寫出平衡的離子反應式

predict the feasibility of metal reactions based on the metal

reactivity series
利用金屬活性序預測金屬反應的可行性
relate the extraction method of a metal to its position in the
找出金屬的提取方法與其在活性序中的位置的關係
metal reactivity series

HKDSE 化學科

C. Reacting masses
反應質量
quantitative relationship of the reactants understand and use the quantitative information provided by a
balanced chemical equation
明瞭及運用平衡反應式所提供的定量資料
and the products in a reaction as revealed
化學反應式所顯示的反應物和生成物之間的
by a chemical equation
定量關係 perform calculations related to moles,

Avogadro’s constant and molar masses
進行有關摩爾、亞佛加德羅常數和摩爾質量
的計算
the mole, Avogadro’s constant and
molar mass
摩爾、亞佛加德羅常數和摩爾質量
calculate the percentage by mass of an element
in a compound using appropriate information
利用適當資料計算化合物中元素的質量百分比
percentage by mass of an element in a
compound
化合物中元素的質量百分比
determine empirical formulae and molecular
empirical formulae and molecular formulae formulae from compositions by mass and
molar masses
利用質量組成及摩爾質量求出實驗式和分子式
derived from experimental data
從實驗數據導出實驗式和分子式
calculate masses of reactants and products in
從化學反應式求出反應質量
reacting masses from chemical equations
a reaction from the relevant equation and state
the interrelationship between them
利用相關的反應式計算反應物和生成物的質量
並指出兩者的關係
solve problems involving limiting reagents
解決有關限量試劑的問題


HKDSE 化學科

D. Corrosion of metals and their protection
金屬的腐蝕和保護
describe the nature of iron rust
說明鐵銹的本質
factors that influence the rusting of iron
導致鐵銹蝕的因素

describe the essential conditions for the rusting of iron

描述導致鐵銹蝕的主要條件
methods used to prevent rusting of iron
預防鐵銹蝕的方法

socioeconomic implications of rusting of iron describe and explain factors that influence the speed
鐵銹蝕對社會和經濟的影響

描述並解釋影響鐵銹蝕速率的因素
of rusting of iron
corrosion resistance of aluminium

鋁的抗腐蝕性

describe the observations when a rust indicator
(a mixture of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
anodisation as a method to enhance and phenolphthalein) is used in an experiment
that investigates rusting of iron
corrosion resistance of aluminium
陽極電鍍為增強鋁的抗腐蝕性的方法描述在探究鐵銹蝕的實驗中使用鐵銹指示劑
（六氰合鐵(III)酸鉀和酚酞混合物）時可見的現象
describe and explain the methods of rusting prevention
as exemplified by
描述並解釋預防鐵銹蝕的各種方法，如：
i. coating with paint, oil or plastic
塗抹油漆、油或覆蓋塑膠
ii. galvanising
鍍鋅
iii. tin-plating
鍍錫
iv. electroplating
電鍍
v. cathodic protection
陰極保護
vi. sacrificial protection
犧牲性保護
vii.
合金
alloying
be aware of the socio-economic impact of rusting

認識鐵銹蝕對社會和經濟的影響

understand why aluminium is less reactive and more

corrosion-resistant than expected
明白鋁的活性較預期低而抗腐蝕度則較預期高的原因
describe how the corrosion resistance of aluminium
can be enhanced by anodisation
描述陽極電鍍如何增強鋁的抗腐蝕性

HKDSE
HKDSE 化學科
Topic 4 - Acids and Bases 酸和鹽基

A. Introduction to acids and alkalis
酸和鹼的簡介
recognise that some household substances are acidic
認識一些家用物品是酸性的
common acids and alkalis in daily life and in
the laboratory
在日常生活和實驗室常用的酸和鹼
state the common acids found in laboratory
陳述實驗室常見的酸

characteristics and chemical reactions of acids
as illustrated by dilute hydrochloric acid and
dilute sulphuric acid describe the characteristics of acids and their typical reactions
以稀氫氯酸和稀硫酸為例，說明酸的性質和化學反應描述酸的性質及其典型的反應

acidic properties and hydrogen ions (H+(aq)) write chemical and ionic equations for the reactions of acids
酸的性質和氫離子(H (aq)) 寫出酸反應的化學反應式和離子反應式

+
role of water in exhibiting properties of acid relate acidic properties to the presence of
顯示酸的性質時水所扮演的角色

hydrogen ions (H+(aq))
找出酸的性質和內含的氫離子的關係
(H+(aq))
basicity of acid
酸的鹽基度

describe the role of water for acids to exhibit their properties
描述顯示酸的性質時水所扮演的角色

characteristics and chemical reactions of alkalis

as illustrated by sodium hydroxide and state the basicity of different acids such as
aqueous ammonia HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, CH3COOH
以氫氧化鈉和氨水溶液為例，說明鹼的性質和化學反應說明不同酸如、、、
( HCl H2SO4 H3PO4 CH3COOH) 的鹽基度
alkaline properties and hydroxide ions (OH−(aq)) define bases and alkalis in terms of their reactions with acids
鹼的性質和氫氧離子利用與酸的反應定義鹽基和鹼

(OH−(aq))
corrosive nature of concentrated acids and recognise that some household substances are alkaline
認識一些家用物品是鹼性的

concentrated alkalis
濃酸和濃鹼的腐蝕性質
state the common alkalis found in the laboratory
陳述實驗室常見的鹼

describe the characteristics of alkalis and their typical reactions

描述鹼的性質及其典型的反應

write chemical and ionic equations for the reactions of alkalis

寫出鹼反應的化學反應式和離子反應式

relate alkaline properties to the presence of

hydroxide ions (OH−(aq))
找出鹼的性質和內含的氫氧離子 (OH−(aq)) 的關係
describe the corrosive nature of acids and alkalis and
the safety precautions in handling them
描述酸和鹼的腐蝕性質及處理酸鹼時的安全措施

HKDSE 化學科

B. Indicators and pH
指示劑和 pH
acid-base indicators as exemplified by litmus, state the colours produced by litmus, methyl orange and
phenolphthalein in acidic solutions and alkaline solutions
說明石蕊、甲基橙和酚酞在酸性和鹼性溶液中呈現的顏色
methyl orange and phenolphthalein
以石蕊、甲基橙和酚酞為例，介紹酸鹼指示劑
pH scale as a measure of acidity and alkalinity describe how to test for acidity and alkalinity using suitable
標度用以量度溶液的酸度和鹼度

indicators
pH
描述使用合適的指示劑測試酸度和鹼度
pH = −log[H+(aq)]
找出pH標度與物質的酸度或鹼度的關係
relate the pH scale to the acidity or alkalinity of substances
use of universal indicator and an appropriate
instrument to measure the pH of solutions
使用通用指示劑和合適的儀器量度溶液的值 pH perform calculations related to the concentration of H+(aq)
and the pH value of a strong acid solution
進行有關強酸溶液中 H+(aq) 的濃度與值的計算pH
suggest and demonstrate appropriate ways to determine

pH values of substances
建議及示範使用合適方法來測定物質的值 pH
C. Strength of acids and alkalis

酸和鹼的強度
describe the dissociation of acids and alkalis
描述酸和鹼的離解
meaning of strong and weak acids as well as
strong and weak alkalis in terms of their extent of
以酸和鹼在水溶液中離解的程度解釋強酸和弱酸、
dissociation in aqueous solutions
relate the strength of acids and alkalis to their extent of
強鹼和弱鹼的意義 dissociation
找出酸和鹼強度與其離解程度的關係
methods to compare the strength of acids/alkalis
比較酸（或鹼）強度的方法

describe acids and alkalis with the appropriate terms:
strong and weak, concentrated and dilute
運用合適詞彙描述酸和鹼：強與弱、濃與稀
suggest and perform experiments to compare the strength
of acids or alkalis
建議及進行實驗比較酸或鹼的強度

HKDSE 化學科

D. Salts and neutralisation
鹽和中和作用
write chemical and ionic equations for neutralisation
寫出中和作用的化學反應式和離子反應式
bases as chemical opposites of acids
鹽基為與酸的化性相逆物質

state the general rules of solubility for common salts in water

說明常見鹽類水溶解度的通則
neutralisation as the reaction between acid and
base/alkali to form water and salt only
中和作用為酸與鹽基（或鹼）之間的反應，
此反應只生成水和鹽 describe the techniques used in the preparation, separation
and purification of soluble and insoluble salts
描述在製備、分離和淨化可溶的鹽及不溶的鹽時所使用的技巧
中和作用的放熱本質
exothermic nature of neutralisation
suggest a method for preparing a particular salt

建議製備某一特定鹽的方法

preparation of soluble and insoluble salts
製備可溶鹽和不溶鹽

name the common salts formed from the reaction of acids
命名由酸鹼反應生成的常見鹽類
naming of common salts and alkalis
常見鹽類的命名

解釋中和作用的一些應用
applications of neutralisation explain some applications of neutralisation
中和作用的應用

E. Concentration of solutions
溶液的濃度
convert the molar concentration of solutions to g dm−3
把溶液的摩爾濃度轉換以為單位
concentration of solutions in mol dm−3 (molarity)
以mol dm （摩爾濃度）表示溶液的濃度

−3 g dm−3
perform calculations related to the concentration of solution

進行有關溶液濃度的計算


HKDSE 化學科

F. Volumetric analysis involving acids and alkalis
涉及酸和鹼的容量分析
standard solutions describe and demonstrate how to prepare solutions of a
標準溶液

required concentration by dissolving a solid or diluting a
描述及示範如何透過將固體溶解或將濃溶液稀釋來製備
concentrated solution
指定濃度的溶液
acid-alkali titrations
酸鹼滴定

calculate the concentrations of the solutions prepared

計算所製備溶液的濃度

describe and demonstrate the techniques of performing

acid-alkali titration
描述及示範進行酸鹼滴定的技巧
apply the concepts of concentration of solution and use
the results of acid-alkali titrations to solve stoichiometric
problems
應用溶液濃度的概念和利用酸鹼滴定的結果解決化學計量
問題
communicate the procedures and results of a volumetric
analysis experiment by writing a laboratory report
撰寫實驗報告將容量分析實驗的步驟和結果表達出來

HKDSE 化學科
Topic 5 - Fossil Fuels and Carbon Compounds 化石燃料和碳化合物

A. Hydrocarbons from fossil fuels
來自化石燃料的烴
describe the origin of fossil fuels
描述化石燃料的來源
coal, petroleum and natural gas as sources of fossil
fuels and carbon compounds
煤、石油和天然氣為化石燃料和碳化合物的來源
describe petroleum as a mixture of hydrocarbons and its
composition of petroleum and its separation industrial separation into useful fractions by fractional
石油的成分及其分離

說明石油為烴的混合物，及工業上以分餾將其分離成各有用
distillation
gradation in properties of the various fractions of 的餾分

不同石油餾分性質的遞變
petroleum
recognise the economic importance of petroleum as a
source of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene)
heat change during combustion of hydrocarbons 認識作為脂肪族烴和芳香族烴（如苯）來源的石油在經濟上
燃燒烴的熱變化的重要性

major uses of distilled fractions of petroleum relate the gradation in properties (e.g. colour, viscosity,
各石油餾分的主要用途

volatility and burning characteristics) with the number of
carbon atoms in the molecules of the various fractions
consequences of using fossil fuels 找出餾分性質的遞變（如顏色、黏度、揮發性和燃燒特徵）
使用化石燃料的後果與不同餾分內分子的碳原子數目的關係

explain the demand for the various distilled fractions of

petroleum
解釋對不同石油餾分的需求
recognise combustion of hydrocarbons as an exothermic
chemical reaction
認識燃燒烴為放熱反應
recognise the pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels
認識由燃燒化石燃料所引起的污染

evaluate the impact of using fossil fuels on our quality of life

and the environment
評估使用化石燃料對我們生活質素和環境的影響
suggest measures for reducing the emission of air pollutants
from combustion of fossil fuels
建議減少從燃燒化石燃料所排放的空氣污染物的措施

HKDSE 化學科
Topic

B. Homologous series, structural formulae and naming of
carbon compounds
同系列、
同系列、結構式和碳化合物的命名
unique nature of carbon explain the large number and diversity of carbon compounds
碳的獨特性

with reference to carbon’s unique combination power and
ability to form different bonds
參照碳的獨特結合能力和生成不同鍵合的能力，解釋碳化合物
的龐大數目和多樣性
homologous series as illustrated by alkanes, alkenes,
alkanols and alkanoic acids
以烷烴、烯烴、烷醇和烷酸為例說明同系列
explain the meaning of a homologous series
解釋同系列的意義

structural formulae and systematic naming of alkanes,
alkenes, alkanols and alkanoic acids
烷烴、烯烴、烷醇和烷酸的結構式和系統命名法 understand that members of a homologous series show a
gradation in physical properties and similarity in chemical
properties
明瞭同系列內各成員顯示漸變的物理性質和相似的化學性質
寫出烷烴的結構式
write structural formulae of alkanes
give systematic names of alkanes

寫出烷烴的系統名稱

extend the knowledge of naming carbon compounds and

writing structural formulae to alkenes, alkanols and
alkanoic acids
將碳化合物命名和書寫結構式的方法推廣至烯烴、烷醇和烷酸

HKDSE 化學科

C. Alkanes and alkenes
烷烴和烯烴
petroleum as a source of alkanes distinguish saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons from the
石油為烷烴的來源

structural formulae
利用結構式來分辨飽和烴及不飽和烴
：
alkanes
烷烴

describe the following reactions of alkanes
描述烷烴的化學反應：
cracking and its industrial importance
裂解及其在工業上的重要性

i. combustion
燃燒
alkenes
烯烴

ii. substitution reactions with chlorine and bromine, as
exemplified by the reaction of methane and chlorine
(or bromine)
與氯和溴的取代反應，以甲烷與氯（或溴）之反應為例
describe the steps involved in the monosubstitution of
methane with chlorine using electron diagrams
利用電子圖描述甲烷與氯的單取代反應所涉及的各步驟
recognise that cracking is a means to obtain smaller
molecules including alkanes and alkenes
認識裂解為獲取較小分子（包括烷烴和烯烴）的方法
describe how to carry out laboratory cracking of a petroleum
fraction
描述如何在實驗室進行石油餾分的裂解
解釋裂解在石油工業的重要性
explain the importance of cracking in the petroleum industry
describe the reactions of alkenes with the following reagents ：

描述烯烴與下列試劑的反應：
i. bromine
溴
ii. potassium permanganate solution
高錳酸鉀溶液
demonstrate how to carry out chemical tests for unsaturated
hydrocarbons
示範如何進行不飽和烴的化學試驗

HKDSE 化學科

D. Addition polymers
加成聚合物
meaning of monomers, polymers and repeating units understand that synthetic polymers are built up from small
單體、聚合物和重複單位的意義

molecules called monomers
瞭解合成聚合物是由稱為單體的小分子構成
process of addition polymerisation
加成聚合的過程

understand that alkenes, unsaturated compounds obtainable
from cracking of petroleum fractions, can undergo addition
reactions
structure, properties and uses of different addition
瞭解烯烴（由石油餾分裂解得來的不飽和化合物）能進行
加成反應
polymers as illustrated by polyethene, polypropene,
以聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯及有機玻璃
polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and Perspex
為例說明不同加成聚合物的結構、性質和用途 understand that alkenes and unsaturated carbon compounds

can undergo addition polymerisation
瞭解烯烴和其他不飽和碳化合物能進行加成聚合
Write chemical equations for addition polymerisation
書寫加成聚合的化學反應式

deduce the repeating unit of an addition polymer based on

its monomer
基於單體推斷加成聚合物的重複單位
deduce the monomer from a given formula of an
addition polymer
利用加成聚合物分子的化學式來推斷其單體

考評局擬定 - HKDSE課題內容
HKDSE課題內容及評核指引
Chapter 6
Microscopic World II 微觀世界 II

鍵與分子的極性
A. Polarity of bond and molecule
define the electronegativity of an atom

定義原子的電負性

describe the general trends in the electronegativities of the

main group elements down a group and across a period in
the Periodic Table
描述週期表中主族元素的電負性在同一族由上而下和同一
週期由左至右的一般趨勢
explain the unequal sharing of electrons in covalent bonds
解釋共價鍵中電子不均勻共用的現象

identify the partial charges of polar molecules such as

HF, H2O, NH3 and CHCl3
辨認極性分子如、、 HF H2O NH3 CHCl3和的部分電荷
解釋CH 和BF 的非極性本質
explain the non-polar nature of CH4 and BF3
4 3
分子間引力
B. Intermolecular forces
explain the existence of van der Waals’ forces in non-polar

范德華力
van der Waals’ forces
and polar covalent substances
解釋在非極性和極性共價物質中范德華力的存在
hydrogen bonding
氫鍵

state the factors affecting the strength of van der Waals’
forces between molecules
說明影響分子間范德華力強度的因素
compare the strength of van der Waals’ forces with that of
covalent bonds
比較范德華力與共價鍵的強度
describe the formation of hydrogen bonding as exemplified
by HF, H2O and NH3
利用、HF H2O NH3 和為例描述氫鍵的形成
compare the strength of van der Waals’ forces with that of
hydrogen bonding
比較范德華力與氫鍵的強度
understand the effect of hydrogen bonding on properties of
substances such as water and ethanol
明白氫鍵對物質如水和乙醇的性質的影響

Chapter
Chapter 6
Microscopic World II 微觀世界 II

分子晶體的結構和性質
C. Structures and properties of molecular crystals
describe the structures of ice and C60

描述冰和的結構

C60
state and explain the properties of ice and C60 in terms of

their structures and bonding
利用冰和的結構和鍵合說明並解釋其性質
C60
具有非八隅體結構的簡單分子物質
D. Simple molecular substances with non-octet structures
recognise the existence of covalent molecules with non-octet

structures
認識具有非八隅體結構的共價分子的存在
draw the electron diagrams of some non-octet molecules
such as BF3, PCl5 and SF6
繪畫一些非八隅體分子如、和 BF3 PCl5 SF6 的電子圖
E. Shapes of simple molecules
簡單分子的形狀
Predict and draw three-dimensional diagrams to represent
shapes of (i) molecules with central atoms obeying octet rule;
and (ii) molecules with central atoms not obeying octet rule
and with no lone pair of electrons (such as BF3, PCl5 and SF6)
推測及繪畫立體圖以表示以下分子的形狀︰分子的中間原子 (i)
符合八隅體規則；分子的中間原子不符合八隅體規則且
(ii)
沒有孤電子對（如、和） BF3 PCl5 SF6

Chapter
Chapter 7
Redox Reactions, Chemical Cells and Electrolysis
氧化還原反應、化學電池和電解

日常生活使用的化學電池
A. Chemical cells in daily life
distinguish between primary and secondary cells

區別原電池和二級電池

原電池和二級電池
primary cells and secondary cells
describe the characteristics of common primary and

：
uses of chemical cells in relation to their
characteristics such as size, voltage, capacity, secondary cells
rechargeability and price 描述常用原電池和二級電池的特徵：
化學電池的用途及與其相關的特性（如大小、電壓、
電容量、可充電性及價格等） i. zinc-carbon cell
鋅碳電池
zinc-carbon cell ii. alkaline manganese cell
鋅碳電池鹼性錳電池

iii. silver oxide cell

fuel cell 氧化銀電池
燃料電池

iv.
鋰離子電池
lithium ion cell
v. nickel metal hydride (NiMH) cell

鎳金屬氫化物(NiMH)電池
vi. lead-acid accumulator
鉛酸蓄電池
justify uses of different chemical cells for particular purposes
論證不同化學電池因應個別目的下的用途

understand the environmental impact of using dry cells

明白使用乾電池對環境的影響

describe the structure of a zinc-carbon dry cell

描述鋅碳乾電池的構造

write the half equation for reaction occurring at each electrode

and the overall equation for reaction in a zinc-carbon dry cell
書寫鋅碳電池內各電極所起反應的半反應式及總反應式
understand the principles of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell
認識氫氧燃料電池的原理

write the half equation for reaction occurring at each electrode

and the overall equation for reaction in a hydrogen-oxygen
fuel cell
書寫氫氧燃料電池內各電極所起反應的半反應式及總反應式
陳述氫氧燃料電池的優點及缺點
state the pros and cons of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell

Chapter 7

簡單化學電池中的反應
B. Reactions in simple chemical cells
chemical cells consisting of ： describe and demonstrate how to build simple chemical cells
化學電池需包含： using metal electrodes and electrolytes
描述及示範如何利用兩個金屬電極和一種電解質製作簡單化學電池
i. two metal electrodes and an electrolyte
兩種金屬電極和一種電解質 measure the voltage produced by a chemical cell
量度化學電池所產生的電壓
ii. metal-metal ion half cells and salt bridge/porous
device explain the problems associated with a simple chemical cell
金屬－金屬離子半電池及鹽橋（或多孔裝置） consisting of two metal electrodes and an electrolyte
解釋由兩種金屬電極和一種電解質構成的簡單電池所引起的問題
iii. inert electrodes
惰性電極 explain the functions of a salt bridge/porous device
解釋鹽橋（或多孔裝置）的功能
changes occurring at the electrodes and electron flow describe and demonstrate how to build simple chemical cells
in the external circuit using metal-metal ion half cells and salt bridges/porous
在電極發生的變化與外電路的電子流 devices
描述及示範如何利用金屬－金屬離子半電池和鹽橋（或多孔裝置）
half equations and overall cell equations 簡單化學電池
半反應式和電池的總反應式

explain the differences in voltages produced in chemical cells

when different metal couples are used as electrodes
解釋以不同金屬對作為電池電極時產生不同電壓的原因
describe and construct chemical cells with inert electrodes
描述和製作包含惰性電極的化學電池

predict the chemical changes at each half cell of the chemical

cells with inert electrodes
推測含惰性電極化學電池內每個半電池的化學變化
write a half equation representing the reaction at each half cell
of a simple chemical cell
書寫半反應式以代表簡單化學電池內每個半電池的反應
write overall equations for simple chemical cells
書寫簡單化學電池的總反應式

predict the electron flow in the external circuit and the

chemical changes in the simple chemical cells
預測簡單化學電池外電路的電子流動方向和電池內的化學變化

Chapter 7

氧化還原反應
C. Redox reactions
identify redox reactions, oxidising agents and reducing

氧化及還原
oxidation and reduction
agents on the basis of
利用下列各項辨認氧化還原反應、氧化劑和還原劑：
oxidation numbers
氧化數

i. gain or loss of oxygen/hydrogen atom(s)
獲得或失去氧或氫原子
common oxidising agents
常用氧化劑

ii. gain or loss of electron(s)
( e.g. MnO4−(aq) / H+(aq), Cr2O72−(aq) / H+(aq), 獲得或失去電子
Fe3+(aq), Cl2(aq), 不同濃度的 HNO3(aq) 和濃H2SO4(l) )
iii. changes in oxidation numbers
common reducing agents 氧化數的改變
常用還原劑

( e.g. SO32−(aq), I−(aq), Fe2+(aq), Zn(s) ) assign oxidation numbers to the atoms of elements and
compounds
balancing equations for redox reactions 找出元素和化合物中各原子的氧化數
配平氧化還原反應的反應式

construct a general trend of the reducing power of metals

and the oxidising power of metal ions
建立金屬還原能力和金屬離子氧化能力的一般趨向
describe the chemical changes of some common oxidising
agents and reducing agents
描述一些常用氧化劑和還原劑的化學變化
relate the trends of the reducing power and oxidising power
of chemical species to their positions in a given
electrochemical series
找出化學物種的還原能力和氧化能力趨向與其在一已知電化序
的位置的關係
balance half equations of reduction and oxidation
配平氧化及還原反應的半反應式

balance redox equations by using half equations or changes

in oxidation numbers
利用半反應式或氧化數的改變配平氧化還原反應式

Chapter 7

電解
D. Electrolysis
describe the materials needed to construct an electrolytic cell

描述製作電解池所需的物料
electrolysis as the decomposition of substances by
electricity as exemplified by electrolysis of
以電解下列物質為例，說明電解為運用電能分解物質
的過程： predict products at each electrode of an electrolytic cell with
reference to the factors affecting the preferential discharge
of ions
i. dilute sulphuric acid
稀硫酸參考影響離子優先放電次序的各因素推測在電解池中每一電極
的生成物
ii. sodium chloride solutions of different
concentrations describe the anodic and cathodic reactions, overall reaction
不同濃度的氯化鈉溶液 and observable changes of the electrolyte in electrolytic cells
描述電解池內的陽極反應、陰極反應、總反應和電解質的
iii. copper(II) sulphate solution 可見變化
硫酸銅溶液
(II)
understand the principles of electroplating and the purification
of copper
明白電鍍和銅純化的原理
anodic and cathodic reactions
陽極反應和陰極反應

preferential discharge of ions in relation to the describe the anodic and cathodic reactions, overall reaction
electrochemical series, concentration of ions and and observable changes of electrolyte in electroplating and
the purification of copper
描述電鍍和銅純化過程中陽極反應、陰極反應、總反應和
nature of electrodes
離子優先放電次序分別與電化序、離子濃度和電極性質
的關係電解質的可見變化
industrial applications of electrolysis： understand the environmental impact of the electroplating
電解在工業上的應用： industry
明白電鍍工業對環境的影響
i. electroplating
電鍍
ii. purification of copper
銅的純化

HKDSE 化學科
Topic 8 - Chemical Reactions and Energy 化學反應與能量

A. Energy changes in chemical reactions
化學反應中的能量變化
conservation of energy explain energy changes in chemical reactions in terms of
能量守恆

the concept of conservation of energy
利用能量守恆的概念解釋化學反應中的能變
endothermic and exothermic reactions and
their relationship to the breaking and forming of bonds describe enthalpy change, ∆Η, as heat change at
吸熱反應和放熱反應，以及這些反應與鍵的 constant pressure
描述焓變（）為恆壓下的熱變
斷裂和形成的關係 ∆Η
explain diagrammatically the nature of exothermic and

endothermic reactions in terms of enthalpy change
運用圖表及焓變的概念解釋放熱反應和吸熱反應的本質
explain the nature of exothermic and endothermic reactions
in terms of the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
運用化學鍵斷裂和形成解釋放熱反應和吸熱反應的本質
B. Standard enthalpy changes of reactions
標準反應焓變
explain and use the terms: enthalpy change of reaction
and standard conditions, with particular reference to
neutralisation, formation and combustion
解釋並運用以下詞彙：反應焓變和標準狀況（特別有關
中和、生成和燃燒）
carry out experimental determination of enthalpy changes
using simple calorimetric method
使用簡單量熱法進行實驗求出焓變
calculate enthalpy changes from experimental results
利用實驗結果計算焓變


HKDSE 化學科
Topic 8 - Chemical Reactions

Reactions and Energy 化學反應與能量

C. Hess’s law
赫斯定律
apply Hess’s law to construct simple enthalpy change cycles
運用赫斯定律繪畫簡單的焓變循環
use of Hess’s law to determine enthalpy changes
which cannot be easily determined by
experiment directly
利用赫斯定律求出難以從實驗中直接測定的焓變 perform calculations involving such cycles and relevant
energy terms, with particular reference to determining
進行涉及上述焓變循環和有關焓變的計算（特別求出難以從
calculations involving enthalpy changes of reactions enthalpy change that cannot be found directly by experiment
涉及反應焓變的計算

實驗中測定的焓變）

HKDSE 化學科
Topic 9 - Rate of Reaction 反應速率

A. Rate of chemical reaction
化學反應的速率
化學反應的速率
select and justify the following techniques to
：
methods of following the progress of
a chemical reaction follow the progress of a reaction
跟隨化學反應進度的方法選擇和論證以下跟隨化學反應進度的技巧：
instantaneous and average rate i. titrimetric analysis
瞬間速率和平均速率滴定分析

ii. measurement of the changes in ：

volume / pressure of gases,
mass of a mixture and
colour intensity of a mixture
量度以下變化：
氣體的體積（或壓強）、
混合物的質量和
混合物的顏色深度
interpret a graph showing the progress of
a reaction
解釋顯示反應進度的圖表
determine instantaneous and average rate
from a suitable graph
利用合適的圖表求出瞬間速率和平均速率
recognise that initial rate equals to
instantaneous rate at time t = 0
認識初速是當時間的瞬間速率 t=0

HKDSE 化學科

B. Factors affecting rate of reaction
影響反應速率的因素
design and perform experiments to study the effects of
設計和進行實驗探究下列因素對反應速率的影響：
concentration
濃度

i. concentration,
濃度
temperature
溫度

ii. temperature,
surface area 溫度
表面面積

iii. surface area, and
表面面積
catalyst iv. catalyst
催化劑催化劑

on rate of reaction
interpret results (e.g. graphs) collected through first-hand

：

investigations on factors affecting rate of reaction
changes in volume / pressure of gases,
mass of a mixture,
colour intensity of a mixture and
turbidity of a mixture
解釋以下從直接探究影響反應速率的因素的實驗
得來的結果（例如以圖像表達）︰
氣體的體積（或壓強）的變化、
混合物的質量的變化、
混合物的顏色深度的變化和
混合物的混濁度的變化
explain qualitatively the effect of changes in concentration,
surface area and temperature on the rate of reaction
解釋由於濃度、表面面積及溫度的改變
對反應速率的定性影響
appreciate the importance of catalyst in chemical industries
and biological systems
體會催化劑在化學工業和生物體系的重要性

HKDSE 化學科

C. Molar volume of gases at room temperature
and pressure (r.t.p.)
常溫常壓 (r.t.p.)下氣體的摩爾體積
calculations involving molar volume of gases deduce the molar volume of gases at r.t.p.
涉及氣體摩爾體積的計算

as 24 dm3 using a given data set
利用已知數據推算氣體在常溫常壓下的
摩爾體積為24 dm 3
perform stoichiometric calculations involving

molar volume of gases at r.t.p.
進行涉及常溫常壓下氣體摩爾體積的
化學計量計算

HKDSE 化學科
Topic 10 - Chemical Equilibrium 化學平衡

A. Dynamic equilibrium
動態平衡
動態平衡
characteristics of dynamic equilibrium describe reversible and irreversible reactions by using
動態平衡的特徵

suitable examples
列舉適當例子說明可逆反應及不可逆反應
describe characteristics of a system existing in dynamic
equilibrium
描述達至動態平衡下的化學體系的特徵
B. Equilibrium constant
平衡常數
express the mathematical relationship between concentrations
of reactants and products at equilibrium and Kc
利用數學式表達平衡時反應物和生成物濃度與的關係
equilibrium constant expressed in terms of
concentrations (Kc) Kc
以濃度來表示的平衡常數 (Kc)
C. The effect of changes in concentration and temperature

on chemical equilibria
濃度和溫度的變化對化學平衡的影響
recognise that the value of Kc for an equilibrium system is
a change in temperature results in possible changes a constant at constant temperature irrespective of changes
認識平衡體系中值在定溫下為一常數
in concentration of reactants and products
因溫度的變化導致系統的值有可能改變
in Kc of the system
Kc
（與反應物及生成物的濃度變化無關）
Kc
changes in concentration result in the adjustment of

the system without changing the value of Kc perform calculations involving Kc
因濃度的變化導致體系有所調節但值維持不變進行涉及Kc的計算

Kc
perform practical work on the determination of Kc

進行實驗以求出

Kc
derive inductively the relation of temperature and the value

of Kc from given data sets
運用已知的數據歸納溫度與值的關係 Kc
predict qualitatively the effect of temperature on the position

of equilibrium from the sign of ∆Η for the forward reaction
利用正向反應的的正負符號，預測溫度對平衡位置的
∆H
定性影響
deduce the effect of change in concentration on the position
of chemical equilibrium
推斷濃度的變化對化學平衡位置的影響

Chapter 11
Chemistry
Chemistry of Carbon Compound 碳化合物的化學

特定同系列的簡介
A. Introduction to selected homologous series
give systematic names, general formulae, condensed

同系列
homologous series
formulae and structural formulae for: alkanes, alkenes,
haloalkanes, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones,
structural formulae and systematic naming carboxylic acids, esters, unsubstituted amides and
結構式與系統命名法

primary amines
寫出以下化合物的系統名稱、通式、簡明結構式和結構式：
烷烴、烯烴、鹵烷、醇、醛和酮、羧酸、酯、未經取代的
酰胺和一級胺
draw the structures of the compounds based on their
根據化合物的系統名稱繪出其結構
systematic names
understand the effects of functional groups and the length

of carbon chains on physical properties of carbon compounds
明瞭官能基及碳鏈長度對碳化合物的物理性質的影響
identify common trivial names of some carbon compounds
(e.g. formaldehyde, chloroform, acetone, isopropyl alcohol,
acetic acid)
辨認一些碳化合物的通俗名稱，如蟻醛、氯仿、丙酮、
異丙醇、醋酸

Chapter 11

同分異構
B. Isomerism
understand that isomerism occurs when two or more

結構異構
structural isomerism
compounds have the same molecular formula but different
structures
明白若兩個或以上化合物具有相同分子式惟結構不同時，
即屬同分異構
cis-trans isomerism as exemplified by acyclic
carbon compounds containing one C=C bond
以含有一個 C=C 鍵的無環碳化合物為例說明順反異構 -
recognise and predict the existence of structural isomerism
enantiomerism as exemplified by compounds which includes isomers containing the same functional group
and isomers containing different functional groups
認識和推測結構異構的存在（包括含有相同官能基或不同
containing one chiral carbon
以含有一個手性碳的化合物為例說明對映異構
官能基的異構體）
recognise the existence of cis-trans isomerism in acyclic
carbon compounds resulting from restricted rotation
about a C=C bond
認識無環碳化合物因不能依 C=C 鍵轉動而形成順反異構 -
show an understanding of structural and geometrical

isomerism by predicting structures of the isomers of
some given carbon compounds
推測已知化合物異構體的結構，以顯示對結構異構和
幾何異構的認識
recognise the existence of enantiomerism in compounds
with only one chiral carbon
認識只有一個手性碳的化合物所形成的對映異構
use structural formulae and molecular models to
demonstrate the arrangement of atoms in isomers of
carbon compounds
運用結構式和分子模型來展示碳化合物異構體中的原子排列

Chapter
Chapter 11

各種官能基的典型化學反應
C. Typical reactions of various functional groups
alkanes describe the following reactions, in terms of reagents,

烷烴

reaction conditions and observations, and write the
：
relevant chemical equations
alkenes 運用所用試劑、反應條件及可觀察現象描述以下反應並寫出
烯烴相關的化學反應式：

haloalkanes alkanes：substitution with halogens

鹵烷
i.
烷烴：與鹵素的取代反應
alcohols alkenes：addition of hydrogen, halogens and
醇
ii.
hydrogen halides
aldehydes
烯烴：與氫、鹵素及鹵化氫的加成反應
醛

iii. haloalkanes：substitution with OH (aq) -
ketones
鹵烷：與OH (aq)的取代反應
-
酮

iv. alcohols：substitution with halides using
hydrogen halides or phosphorus trihalides；
dehydration to alkenes；oxidation of primary alcohols
carboxylic acids
羧酸

to aldehydes and carboxylic acids；oxidation of
醇：與鹵化物（鹵化氫或三鹵化磷）的取代反應；
esters secondary alcohols to ketones
酯

脫水後生成烯烴；一級醇氧化成醛和羧酸；
amides 二級醇氧化成酮
酰胺

v. aldehydes and ketones：oxidation using Cr O (aq)； 2 7

2-
reduction using LiAlH or NaBH

醛和酮：與Cr O (aq)的氧化反應；
4 4
2-
與LiAlH 或NaBH 的還原反應

2 7
4 4
vi. carboxylic acids：esterification and amide formation；

reduction using LiAlH
羧酸：酯化及生成酰胺；與LiAlH 的還原反應
4
4
vii. esters：hydrolysis
酯：水解
viii. amides：hydrolysis
酯：水解
預測及命名上述反應的生成物
predict and name the products of the above reactions

考評局擬定 - HKDSE
HKDSE課題內容
DSE課題內容及評核指引
Chapter 11

簡單碳化合物的互換
D. Inter-conversions of carbon compounds
inter-conversions between the functional groups suggest routes to convert one functional group into another
官能基之間的互換

by using the reactions described in (c)
利用所述的反應建議轉換官能基的路線
(c)
laboratory preparations of simple carbon compounds
在實驗室簡單碳化合物的製法

state the reagents and conditions to accomplish conversions
of carbon compounds using the reactions described in (c)
利用所述的反應，說明轉換碳化合物所需的試劑和反應條件
(c)
predict the major organic products of reactions, with given

starting materials, reagents and reaction conditions
利用已知的起始物、試劑和反應條件預測反應的主要
有機生成物
describe how to carry out laboratory preparations and
purification of simple carbon compounds such as
ethanoic acid and ester
描述在實驗室內如何製備和純化簡單碳化合物，如乙酸及酯
calculate the percentage yield of a product obtained from
a reaction
計算反應所得生成物的百分產率

Chapter 11

重要有機物質
E. Important organic substances
structure and medical applications of identify the functional groups of the acetylsalicylic acid
molecule
辨認乙酰水楊酸分子的官能基
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
乙酰水楊酸阿士匹靈的結構和醫療應用
( )
structures and properties of soaps and recognise that aspirin is used as a drug to relieve pain,
reduce inflammation and fever, and the risk of heart attack
認識阿士匹靈為用以減輕痛楚、消炎、退熱，以及防止
soapless detergents
肥皂和非皂性清潔劑的結構和性質
心臟病發的藥物
structures, properties and uses of nylon and polyesters
尼龍和聚酯的結構、性質和用途

describe the structures of soaps and soapless detergents
描述肥皂和非皂性清潔劑的結構

recognise that detergents can be made from chemicals
認識清潔劑可由石油提煉出來的化學品製成
derived from petroleum
explain the wetting and emulsifying properties of detergents

in relation to their structures
解釋清潔劑的濕潤和乳化功能與其結構的關係
relate the cleansing action of soaps and soapless detergents
to their structures
找出肥皂和非皂性清潔劑的清洗作用與其結構的關係
recognise that nylon and polyester are condensation polymers
認識尼龍和聚酯是縮合聚合物

describe the structures and properties of nylon and polyesters

描述尼龍和聚酯的結構和性質

write equations for the formation of nylon and polyesters

寫出生成尼龍和聚酯的反應式

state the uses of nylon and polyesters

說明尼龍和聚酯的用途


HKDSE 化學科
Topic 12 - Patterns in the Chemical World

World 化學世界中的規律

A. Periodic variation in physical properties of the elements
from Li to Ar
由至各元素物理性質的週期變化
Li Ar
variation in the nature of bonding describe the nature of bonding and structures of elements of
鍵合本質的變化

Group I through Group 0 of the Periodic Table
描述週期表內第族至第族各元素的鍵合本質和結構
I 0
variations in melting point and electrical conductivity
熔點和導電性的變化

describe the periodic variations of melting point and electrical
conductivity of the elements
描述各元素的熔點和導電性的週期變化
interpret the variations in melting point and in electrical
conductivity in terms of the bonding and structures of the
elements, viz. the presence of metallic structures, covalent
structures and molecular structures
利用各元素的鍵合和結構（即金屬結構、共價結構和分子
結構），解釋熔點和導電性的變化
B. Bonding, stoichiometric composition and acid-base
properties of the oxides of elements from Na to Cl
由至各元素氧化物的鍵合、
各元素氧化物的鍵合、計量成分和酸鹼性質
Na Cl
describe the nature of bonding and stoichiometric composition

of the oxides of elements from Na to Cl
描述至各元素氧化物的鍵合本質和計量成分
Na Cl
describe the variation in behaviour of the following oxides in

water: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P4O10, SO2 and Cl2O
描述下列氧化物在水中習性的變化：、
Na2O MgO Al2O3、、
、、和
SiO2 P4O10 SO2 Cl2O
recognise the variations of acid-base properties of the oxides

of elements from Na to Cl as exemplified by Na2O, Al2O3
and SO2
以、和為例認識至各元素氧化物的酸鹼
Na2O Al2O3 SO2 Na Cl
性質的變化

HKDSE 化學科
Topic 12 - Patterns in the Chemical

Chemical World
World 化學世界中的規律

C. General properties of transition metals
過渡性金屬的一般性質
identify positions of the transition metals in the Periodic Table
辨認過渡性金屬在週期表中的位置
coloured ions
有色離子

variable oxidation states recognise that most aqueous ions of transition metals are
可變氧化態

coloured
認識大部分過渡性金屬離子的水溶液是有色的
catalytic properties
催化性質

describe the colours of some transition metal ions such as
Fe3+(aq), Cr3+(aq), Cu2+(aq)
描述一些過渡性金屬離子，如、、
Fe3+(aq) Cr3+(aq) Cu2+(aq)
的顏色
describe that transition metals can exist in more than one
oxidation states in their compounds,
e.g. Fe2+ and Fe3+; Mn2+, MnO2 and MnO4−
說明過渡性金屬在其化合物中能存在多於一種氧化態，
如Fe 和Fe ；Mn 、MnO 和MnO
2+ 3+ 2+
2 4
−
describe that transition metals and their compounds can be

used as catalysts
說明過渡性金屬及其化合物均可用作催化劑
describe the importance of transition metals
說明過渡性金屬的重要性


HKDSE 化學科
Topic 13
13 - Industrial Chemistry 工業化學
工業化學

A. Importance of industrial processes
工業過程的重要性
development of synthetic products for modern ways discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using
of living industrial processes such as petrochemistry for
發展切合現代生活的合成產物 manufacturing products from social, economic and
environmental perspectives
從社會、經濟及環境角度，討論使用工業過程（如石油化學）
生產製品所帶來的利弊
understand the recent progress in industrial processes
such as the production of vitamin C to solve problems of
inadequate or shrinking supply of natural products
認識近年來工業過程（如丙種維生素的生產）在解決天然資源
不足或資源減縮問題方面的進展
B. Rate equation
速率方程
rate equation determined from experimental results understand the interrelationship between reaction rate,
從實驗結果求出速率方程

rate constant, concentration of reactants and
明白反應速率、速率常數、反應物濃度和反應級數的相互關係
order of reaction
determine the rate equation of a chemical reaction by

method of initial rate
利用初速法求出化學反應的速率方程
C. Activation energy
活化能
draw an energy profile of a reaction
繪畫反應的能線圖
energy profile
能線圖

explanation of the effect of temperature change on explain the relationship between temperature and
reaction rate using Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve
利用麥克斯韋－波爾茲曼分佈曲線解釋溫度與反應速率的關係
reaction rate in terms of activation energy
利用活化能解釋改變溫度對反應速率的影響
determine the activation energy of a chemical reaction
利用以下資料求出化學反應的活化能：
Arrhenius equation
阿列紐斯方程

i. by gathering first-hand experimental data

直接收集得來的實驗數據
ii. with a given set of data
所給的數據

HKDSE 化學科
Topic 13
13 - Industrial Chemistry 工業化學
工業化學

D. Catalysis and industrial processes
催化作用和工業過程
meaning and characteristics of catalyst describe the characteristics of catalysts using suitable
催化劑的意義和特性

examples
利用適當例子描述催化劑的特性
relation between activation energy and catalysis
活化能與催化作用的關係

understand that catalysts work by providing an alternative
明白催化劑能為化學反應提供另一個反應途徑
reaction route
描述催化劑對可逆反應的影響
describe the effect of catalyst on reversible reactions
describe the applications of catalysis in industrial processes

with examples such as iron in the Haber process and
enzymes in the production of alcoholic drinks
描述工業過程中催化作用的應用（如哈柏法的鐵及生產酒精
飲品所用的酶）


E. Industrial processes
工業過程
conversion of raw materials to consumer products as describe feedstock, principles, reaction conditions,
illustrated by the production of fertilisers procedures and products for processes involved in the
利用生產肥料來說明如何將原材料轉化為消費品 production of ammonia
描述生產氨的過程所涉及的原料、原理、反應條件、反應
applications of principles of electrochemistry in industry 步驟及產物
as exemplified by the processes in the chloroalkali
industry describe the process of the conversion of ammonia to
以氯鹼工業的過程為例說明電化學原理在工業上的應用

fertilisers
描述將氨轉化為肥料的過程
advancement of industrial processes as exemplified
by the conversion of methane to methanol
利用甲烷轉化為甲醇的過程說明工業過程的改進
explain the physicochemical principles involved in the
production of ammonia
解釋生產氨所涉及的物理化學原理
social, economic and environmental considerations
of industrial processes
從社會、經濟和環境方面考慮工業過程
explain how industrial processes such as the Haber process
often involve a compromise between rate, yield and
economic considerations
解釋工業過程（如哈柏法）如何在反應速率、產率及經濟上
的考慮作出協調
描述肥料對世界的重要性
describe the importance of fertilisers to our world
describe the importance of the chloroalkali industry

描述氯鹼工業的重要性

explain the underlying chemical principles involved in flowing

mercury cell process and membrane cell process of the
chloroalkali industry
解釋氯鹼工業中流汞電解池過程和薄膜電解池過程所涉及的
化學原理
describe the importance of methanol
描述甲醇的重要性

recognise the significance of the conversion of methane to

methanol
認識將甲烷轉化為甲醇的重要性
describe feedstock, reaction conditions, procedures and
products for processes involved in the manufacturing of
methanol via syngas
描述透過合成氣製備甲醇的過程所涉及的原料、反應條件、
反應步驟及產物
discuss the advancement of the methanol production
technology
討論在生產甲醇上科技的改進
discuss social, economic and environmental considerations
of industrial processes as illustrated by the Haber process,
the chloroalkali industry or the manufacturing of methanol
via syngas
利用哈柏法、氯鹼工業或透過合成氣生產甲醇為例，從社會、
經濟及環境考慮討論工業過程


F. Green chemistry
綠色化學
principles of green chemistry describe the relation between sustainable
綠色化學的原理

描述可持續發展與綠色化學的關係
development and green chemistry
green chemistry practices

綠色化學的應用

calculate the atom economy of a chemical
reaction
計算化學反應中的原子經濟
relate principles of green chemistry and
practices adopted in the industrial processes as exemplified
by the manufacture of acetic acid (ethanoic acid)
利用生產醋酸（乙酸）為例找出工業過程中有關
綠色化學的原理和實踐的關係
evaluate industrial processes using principles
of green chemistry
利用綠色化學原理評鑑工業過程

Chapter 15
Analytical Chemistry 分析化學

檢測化學物種的存在
A. Detecting the presence of chemical species
detecting the presence of calcium, copper, potassium select appropriate tools and apparatus for
chemical tests
利用焰色試驗，測試物質中是否含有鈣、選擇合適的工具和儀器來進行化學測試
and sodium in substances by the flame test
銅、鉀和鈉 gather empirical information using chemical tests

利用化學測試來收集實驗資料

application of appropriate tests for detecting
the presence of
進行適當的測試，檢測下列物種的存在： record observations accurately and systematically
準確和有系統地記錄觀察
i. molecules: hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine,
carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, decide on and carry out an appropriate chemical
test to detect the presence of a chemical species
建議並進行合適的化學測試，以檢測化學物種
sulphur dioxide and hydrogen chloride
分子：氫、氧、氯、二氧化碳、水、
氨、二氧化硫和氯化氫的存在
ii. cations: aluminium, ammonium, justify the conclusion of the presence of a chemical species
either orally or in written form
以口述或書寫方式，論證某化學物種存在的結論
calcium, magnesium, copper(II),
iron(II), iron(III) and zinc
陽離子：鋁離子、銨離子、鈣離子、
鎂離子、銅(II)離子、鐵(II)離子、 assess possible risks associated with chemical
鐵(III)離子和鋅離子 tests
評估進行化學測試的潛在危險
iii. anions: chloride, bromide, iodide,
state the reaction conditions and observations of
陰離子：氯離子、溴離子、碘離子、
carbonate, hypochlorite and sulphite
the tests for the presence of carbonyl compounds
碳酸根離子、次氯酸根離子和 using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and
亞硫酸根離子 Tollens’ reagent
說明使用二硝基苯肼和托倫斯試劑來測試
2,4−
iv. various functional groups in carbon compounds:
羰基化合物所涉及的反應條件和觀察
C=C, −OH, −CHO, >C=O and −COOH
碳化合物中的官能基：、
C=C –OH 、 devise a scheme to separate a mixture of known substances
設計用以分離含已知成分混合物的方案
、
–CHO >C=O和 –COOH

Chapter 15

分離和提純的方法
B. Separation and purification methods
crystallization describe various separation and purification

結晶法

methods
描述各種分離和提純的方法
distillation / fractional distillation
蒸餾法或分餾法

separate and purify substances by the following methods:
利用下列方法把物質分離和提純：

liquid-liquid extraction
液液萃取法

i. crystallization
結晶法
paper, column or thin layer chromatography
紙色層法、柱色層法或薄層色層法

ii. distillation / fractional distillation
蒸餾法或分餾法
iii. liquid-liquid extraction
液相萃取法
iv. chromatographic methods
色層法
求出物質在色譜中的比移值(Rf )
determine the Rf values of substances in a chromatogram
determine the melting point or boiling point of a substance

找出物質的熔點或沸點

examine the purity of a substance by measuring

its melting or boiling point
從量度物質的熔點或沸點以測定其純度
justify the choice of an appropriate method used
for the separation of substances in a mixture
論證分離混合物所選擇的方法是否恰當

Chapter 15

定量分析方法
定量分析方法
C. Quantitative methods of analysis
volumetric analysis gather data with appropriate instruments and

容量分析

apparatus in quantitative analysis
進行定量分析時運用合適的工具和儀器收集數據
record observations and data accurately and systematically
準確和有系統地記錄觀察和數據

be aware of and take necessary steps to

minimize possible sources of error
注意並採取減低導致誤差的必要措施
perform calculations on data obtained to draw evidence-based
conclusions
使用所得的數據計算，並歸納出證據為本的結論
present observations, data, results, conclusions
and sources of error either orally or in written form
利用口述或書寫簡報觀察、數據、結果、結論
和導致誤差原因
justify the choice of an appropriate quantitative
method for the determination of the quantity of
論證測定物質含量時採用適當的定量分析方法
a substance
評估進行定量分析的潛在危險
assess possible risks associated with quantitative analysis

Chapter 15

儀器分析方法
D. Instrumental analytical methods
basic principles and applications of understand the basic principles deployed in the
instrumental analytical methods, viz. colorimetry,
比色法的基本原理和應用
colorimetry
IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
認識在儀器分析方法（即比色法、
identification of functional groups of 紅外(IR)光譜法和質譜法）所採用的基本原理
carbon compounds using IR spectroscopy
使用紅外光譜鑑定碳化合物中的官能基
(IR) construct a calibration curve by measuring
absorbance of standard solutions
basic principles and applications of 量度標準溶液的吸光度以繪畫校準曲線
mass spectrometry, including simple
fragmentation pattern
質譜儀的基本原理和應用，包括簡單的
determine the concentration of a solution using
a calibration curve
碎裂模式利用校準曲線測定溶液的濃度
identify the following groups from an IR spectrum
and a given correlation table:
利用紅外光譜和所給的對照表，鑑定以下基團：
C−H, O−H, N−H, C=C, C≡C, C=O and C≡N
(IR)
、、、、、和
C−H O−H N−H C=C C≡C C=O C≡N
identify the following groups from a mass

spectrum: R+, RCO+ and C6H5CH2+
利用質譜鑑定以下基團：、和
R+ RCO+ C6H5CH2+
analyse data from primary sources and draw
分析直接收集的數據，並按此作出結論
evidence-based conclusions
analyse data from secondary sources, including

textual and graphical information, and draw
evidence-based conclusions
分析間接收集的數據（包括文字和圖象資料），
並按此作出結論
communicate information, and justify and defend
evidence-based conclusions in both written and oral forms
以口述及書寫方式，交流資料，並為所作的結論作辯證

Chapter 15
分析化學

分析化學對社會的貢獻
E. Contribution of analytical chemistry to our society
analysis of food and drugs recognise the use of modern instrumentation for
食物與藥物的分析

analysis in daily life
認識日常生活中應用現代儀器進行分析
environmental protection
環境保護

discuss the role of analytical chemistry in modern
ways of living such as gauging levels of atmospheric
chemistry aspects of forensic science pollutants like CO and dioxin, and indoor air pollutants
科學鑑證中化學扮演的角色

like formaldehyde
討論分析化學在現代生活方式中的角色，如精確量度
大氣污染物（如一氧化碳和二噁英）和
戶內空氣污染物（如甲醛）的水平
clinical diagnoses
臨床診斷

describe the role of forensic chemistry in providing

legal evidence
描述鑑證化學在提供法律證據方面的角色
discuss the role of analytical chemistry in the diagnosis,
treatment and prevention of diseases
討論分析化學在診斷、治療和預防疾病的角色

DSE CHEM 各課題佔分統計 2012-

2012-2019
2019
課題 Sample Practice 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
paper paper
Planet earth
地球 2 1 0 3 0 8 1 1 3 0
Microscopic world I
微觀世界 I 12 11 9 11 6 4 7 8 8 9
Metals
金屬 10 2 8 9 11 13 9 8 8 13
Acids and Bases
酸和鹽基 13 21 19 14 21 15 21 19 15 17
Fossil fuels and Carbon
Compounds 10 9 16 7 13 13 16 11 9 13
化石燃料和碳化合物
Microscopic world II
微觀世界 II 6 14 5 9 10 2 8 5 6 6
Redox reactions, Chemical cells
and Electrolysis 19 11 17 16 15 18 12 14 12 13
Chemical reactions and energy
化學反應和能量 9 11 9 9 7 7 9 8 10 8
Rate of reactions
反應速率 3 8 7 9 6 10 7 8 11 9
Chemical equilibrium
化學平衡 12 10 6 7 8 9 8 8 7 10
Chemistry of carbon compounds
碳化合物的化學 20 12 18 19 20 13 15 22 23 17
Patterns in the chemical world
化學世界中的規律 4 10 6 7 3 8 7 8 8 5

DSE CHEM 2012 - 2019 工業化學出題分佈

所佔分數
課題 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
A. Importance of
industrial process - - 1 - - - 1 -
工業過程的重要性
B. Rate equation
5 - 8 2 4 4 5 2
速率方程
C. Activation energy
- 8 1 5 1 - 5 3
活化能
D. Catalysis and
industrial processes 2 4 3 1 1 4 1 3
催化作用和工業過程
E. Industrial processes
13 3 7 8 12 10 5 10
工業過程
F. Green chemistry
- 5 - 4 2 2 3 2
綠色化學
所佔分數
E. Industrial
processes 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
工業過程
生產肥料、哈柏法 7 - 6 1 10 4 2 3
氯鹼工業 - 3 1 7 - 3 2 5
生產甲醇 6 - - - 2 2 1 2

DSE CHEM 2012 - 2019 分析化學出題分佈

所佔分數
課題 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
A. Detecting the
presence of chemical
5 - 5 7 2 5 6 2
species
檢測化學物種的存在
B. Separation and
purification methods - 6 3 - 5 4 3 4
分離和提純的方法
C. Quantitative analysis
8 8 7 8 4 8 7 7
定量分析
D. Instrumental analytical
methods 3 6 5 4 9 3 4 5
儀器分析方法
E. Contribution of
analytical chemistry to
4 - - 1 - - - 2
our society
分析化學對社會的貢獻
所佔分數
B. Separation and
purification methods 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
分離和提純的方法
結晶法 - - - - - - - -
蒸餾法 / 分餾法 - 2 - - - 2 1 -
液液萃取法 - 2 2 - 4 - - 1
色層法 - 2 - - - 1 2 3
所佔分數
D. Instrumental analytical
methods 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
儀器分析方法
比色法 - 2 - - 5 - - -
紅外光譜法 - 4 2 2 2 3 1 2
質譜法 3 - 3 2 2 - 2 3


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經驗 實力 佳績見證 概念 技巧 權威演繹

ELVIS LAM DSE CHEM 2020 必溫重點

DSE CHEM 2020

© Copyright 2020 by Elvis Lam