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Ghatnachakra History 2022 English
Ghatnachakra History 2022 English
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Edition - Sixth
Edition Year - 2022
INDEX
Writer - SSGC
M.R.P.: 490/- INDIAN HISTORY nd
ISBN : 978-93-90927-64-7 (2 in 8 Part Series)
Printed at -
Core Publishing Solution Chapter Page No. Chapter Page No.
I. Ancient History of India 11. Political Organisation Established before B437-B443
1. Stone Age B9-B16 Congress
Contact :
2. Indus Valley Civilization B16-B31 12. Indian National Congress B443-B452
Sam-Samayik 3. Vedic Age B31-B48 13. Moderates and Extremists B452-B458
4. Buddhism B48-B69 in Congress
Ghatna Chakra
5. Jain Religion B69-B79 14. Revolutionary Movement in India B458-B473
188A/128, Chruchlane, 6. Shaiva, Bhagavata Religion B79-B85 15. Revolutionary Activities Outside India B473-B478
7. Sixth century B.C.E - Political Condition B85-B95 16. Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi B478-B484
Allenganj, Prayagraj 8. Greek Invasion B95-B96 Movement
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(Allahabad) - 211002 9. Maurya Empire B96-B117 17. Congress: Banaras, Culcutta, and Surat B484-B488
Ph.: 0532-2465524, 2465525 10. Post-Mauryan Period B117-B126 Session
11. Gupta and Post-Gupta Period B126-B149 18. Formation of Muslim League (1906) B488-B490
Mob.: 9335140296 12. Architecture in Ancient India B149-B163 19. Morley-Minto Reforms B490-B491
e-mail : ssgcald@yahoo.co.in 13. South India (Chola, Chalukya, Pallava B163-B176 20. Delhi Durbar and Change of Capital B491-B492
and Sangam Period) 21. Lucknow Session of Congress B492-B494
Website : ssgcp.com 14. Ancient Literature and Litterateur B176-B185 (The Lucknow Pact)
e-shop : shop.ssgcp.com 15. Pre-Medieval Period B185-B192 22. Home Rule League Movement B494-B496
II. Medieval History of India 23. Gandhi and His Early Movement B497-B513
1. Muslim Invasion of India B193-B198 24. Peasant Movement and Kisan Sabha B513-B519
Copyright 2021, by Sam- 2. Delhi Sultanate: Slave Dynasty B198-B204 25. Trade Union and Communist Party B519-B522
3. Khalji Dynasty B204-B209 26. Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh B522-B528
Samayik Ghatna Chakra
4. Tughluq Dynasty B209-B217 Massacre (1919)
Private Limited. No Part of this 5. Lodi Dynasty B217-B219 27. Khilafat Movement B528-B530
publication may be reproduces 6. Vijayanagara Empire B219-B225 28. Non-Cooperation Movement B531-B538
or distributed in any form or by 7. Delhi Sultanate: Administration B225-B229 29. Formation of Swaraj Party (1923) B538-B541
any means, electronic, 8. Delhi Sultanate: Art and Architecture B229-B231 30. Simon Commission (1927) B541-B545
9. Delhi Sultanate: Literature B231-B235 31. Lahore Session of Congress, Proposal B545-B548
mechanical, photocopying,
10. Delhi Sultanate : Miscellaneous B235-B240 of Complete Independence (1929)
recording or otherwise or 11. Provincial Dynasty of North India B240-B245 32. Civil Disobedience Movement B548-B555
stored in database or retrieval and Deccan Province 33. Gandhi-Irwin Pact B555-B556
system without the prior 12. Bhakti and Sufi Movement B245-B259 34. Karachi Session of Congress (1931) B556-B558
written permission of 13. Mughal Dynasty : Babur B259-B263 35. Round Table Conference B558-B561
publisher. The program listings 14. Humayun and Sher Shah B263-B267 36. Communal Award And Poona B562-B565
15. Akbar B268-B280 Pact (1932)
(if any) may be entered stored 16. Jahangir B280-B285 37. Congress Socialist Party (1934) B565-B568
and exeuted in a computer 17. Shah Jahan B285-B288 38. Provincial Election and Formation B568-B570
system, but they may not be 18. Aurangzeb B289-B293 of Cabinet (1937)
reproduced for publication. 19. Mughal Administration B293-B298 39. Tripuri Crisis of Congress (1939) B570-B572
20. Music and Paintings of Mughal Period B298-B302 40. Indian Princely States B572-B574
21. Mughal Literature B302-B305 41. Second World War B574-B575
Writer & Associates : 22. Mughal Period : Miscellaneous B305-B313 42. Demand for Pakistan B575-B578
23. Sikh Sect B313-B316 43. Individual Satyagrah (1940) B578-B579
l Kameshwar Shukla 24. Maratha State and Confederacy B316-B323 44. Cripps Mission (1942) B579-B580
25. Disintegration of the Mughal Empire B323-B325 45. Quit India Movement B581-B591
l Dr. Vivek K. Tripathi III. Modern History of India 46. Subhash Chandra Bose and Azad B591-B597
l Vivek Tripathi 1. Advent of European Companies B326-B334 Hind Fauj
2. East India Company and Nawab of Bengal B334-B340 47. Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) B597-B600
l Abhay Pandey 3. Regional States: Punjab and Mysore B340-B344 48. Constituent Assembly (1946) B600-B602
4. Governor/Governor General/ Viceroy B344-B365 49. Formation of Interim Government (1946) B602-B604
l Vinod K. Tripathi 5. Economic Impact of British Rule on India B365-B372 50. Partition of India and Independence B604-B612
l Vimal K. Shukla 6. Revolt of 1857 B372-B386 51. Constitutional Development of India B612-B624
7. Other Civil Uprisings B386-B400 52. Modern History : Miscellaneous B625-B675
l Arpit Mishra 8. Development of Education in Modern India B400-B406 53. Magazines, Books And Their Authors B676-B704
9. Development of Press in Modern India B406-B416 54. Art and Culture B705-B732
l Vicky Raj 10. Social Religious Movement B417-B437 55. Award B732-B736
B–2
Question Paper Analysis
225 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) based question papers of General Studies of Union and State Public Service
Commission preliminary and mains are integrated in this release. Detailed list of 225 question papers are as follows:
No. of Ques.
IAS Pre exam 2011-2021 100 × 11 1100
IAS Pre exam 1993-2010 150 × 18 2700
UP PCS Pre exam 1998-2021 150 × 25 3700
UP PCS Pre exam 1990-1997 120 × 8 960
UP PCS Mains exam 2002-2003 150 × 2 300
UP PCS Mains exam (including special exams) 2004-2017 150 × 31 4650
UP PSCGIC exam 2010 and 2017 150 × 3 450
UP (UDA/LDA) Pre exam 2001-2006 150 × 3 450
UP (RO/ARO) Pre exam (General and Special exam) 2010-2018, 2021 140 × 8 1120
UP (UDA/LDA) Mains exam (General and Special exam) 2010-2014 120 × 5 600
UP Lower Subordinate Pre exam (General and Special exam) 1998-2009 100 × 11 1100
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UP Lower Subordinate Pre exam (General and Special exam) 2013-2015 150 × 2 300
UP Lower Subordinate Mains exam (General and Special exam) 2013, 2015, 2016 120 × 3 360
UPPCS (RI) Pre Exam 2014 100 × 1 100
UP BEO Pre Exam 2019 120 × 1 120
Uttarakhand PCS Pre exam 2002-2016 150 × 7 1050
Uttarakhand (UDA/LDA) Pre exam 2007 150 × 1 150
Uttarakhand PCS Mains exam 2002 & 2006 150 × 2 300
Uttarakhand (UDA/LDA) Mains exam 2007 100 × 1 100
Uttarakhand Lower Subordinate Pre exam 2010 150 × 1 150
Madhya Pradesh PCS Pre exam 1990-2006 75 × 15 1125
Madhya Pradesh PCS Pre exam 2010 150 × 2 300
Madhya Pradesh PCS Pre exam 2012-2020 100 × 9 900
Chhattisgarh PCS Pre exam 2003-2005 75 × 2 150
Chhattisgarh PCS Pre exam 2008 & 2013 -2020 100 × 9 900
Chhattisgarh PCS Pre exam 2011 150 × 1 150
Rajasthan PCS Pre exam 1992 120 × 1 120
Rajasthan PCS Pre exam 1993-2012 100 × 11 1100
Rajasthan PCS Pre exam 2013, 2018 & 2021 150 × 5 750
Bihar PCS Pre exam 1992-2020 150 × 19 2850
Jharkhand PCS Pre exam 2003-2011 100 × 2 200
Jharkhand PCS Pre exam 2013, 2016 & 2021 100 × 5 500
225 28805
After exclusion of repeated questions from above questions of 225 papers around 28800 questions have been
categorized as following:
ü Current Affairs
ü History of India and Indian National Movement
ü Indian and World Geography
ü Indian Polity and Governance
ü Economic and Social Development
ü General issues on Environmental Ecology
ü General Science
ü State Related Question
In this sixth edition of PREVIEW ( iwokZoyksdu ) series, we are presenting Indian History in 2nd section. As per the
new revised format, 4925 questions have been collected from 225 question papers of Union and States Civil Service
Examinations. After elimination of 609 repetitive questions, 4316 questions have been included in this section. Repeated
questions were given below the original questions so that our aspirants can analyze the trend of repetitive questions.
B–7
I. Ancient History of India
Stone Age pieces of evidence of domestication of animals in India have
been found at Adamgarh (Hoshangabad, M.P.) and Bagor
*The period without a documented evidence of its history (Bhilwara, Rajasthan). *A large number of implements made
is called Prehistoric period. Proto-historic period is the of bones and horns have been found from the Mesolithic site,
period having shreds of evidence of a script which is still Mahadaha (located in Pratapgarh district of U.P.). The book
not deciphered. Proto-historic refers to the period between entitled 'Puratattva Vimarsh' written by Dr. Jai Narayan Pandey
prehistoric and historical period. *The time after which we get describes various pointed objects and ornaments made of bones
documented description is called historic period. *Stone Age which have been reported from Sarai Nahar Rai, Damdama
comes under the Prehistoric period. *Indus valley civilization and Mahadaha. *Damdama is a Mesolithic site in Pratapgarh
and Copper Age culture comes under the protohistoric period. district of Uttar Pradesh. In Damdama, 41 human graves
*The historical period starts from Vedic Culture. *In India, the have been found. Out of these graves, 5 are double burial.
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research on Stone Age Civilization started at first in 1863. The One triple burial grave is also found here. A grave with four
whole Stone Age has been categorized into three parts on the human skeletons has been found at Sarai Nahar Rai.
basis of difference of tools used. These are Palaeolithic period, *The Megaliths usually refer to the burials made up of large
Mesolithic period and Neolithic period. stones in graveyards away from the habitation area. A large
*Paleolithic Period is further categorized into three periods on fraction of these is assumed to be associated with burial or
the same basis- post-burial rituals including memorials for those whose remains
(i) The Lower Palaeolithic period -Handaxe, Cleaver, may or may not be available. Some of these are; Chamber tomb,
Chopper, etc. Dolmens, Stone alignment, Stone circle (cromlech), Pit-circles, etc.
(ii) The Middle Palaeolithic period- Points, Borer, Scrapper *According to 'Puratatva Vimarsh' by J.N. Pandey 17 human
(iii) The Upper Paleolithic period - Burins skeletons were found from rock shelter 1 of Lekhahiya in
*Chopper-chopping pebble pieces of tools were at first obtained the Vindhya region. Some of these were in relatively pristine
from Sohan river valley of Punjab (Pakistan). At first, hand- condition while most of the others were warped. *According to
axe pieces of equipment were found in Vadamadurai and John R. Lucas of Oregon University, the USA, remnants of 27
Attirapakkam near Madras. Other tools of this culture are human skeletons were found in Lekhahiya. *The rock shelters
cleaver, scraper, etc. *Robert Bruce Foote was a British of Bhimbetka are located 45 km west of Bhopal. UNESCO
geologist and Archeologist. *The expedition of L. Cambridge has included the shell pictures of Bhimbetka in the list of its
team under the leadership of D. Tera did the most important world heritage. These caves exhibit the earliest traces of human
research in Sohan valley in 1935. *In Belan valley, the research life on the Indian subcontinent and include the pictures of an
was carried under the direction of G.R. Sharma of Allahabad elephant, sambhar, deer, etc.
University. Nearly 44 archaeological sites were found in this *Grains were first ever produced in Neolithic Age. It was the
valley which is related to the lower Paleolithic period. *Apart time when people were introduced to agriculture. Koldihwa and
from tools, the statue of bone-made Mother Goddess of this Mehrgarh were the two Neolithic villages from where clear
age was obtained from Lohanda Nala region of Belan Valley pieces evidence of rice and wheat have been found. *There
which is currently preserved at the Kaushambi museum. are mainly eight types of food grains consumed by modern
*The life of Palaeolithic people was completely natural. They human society, namely barley, wheat, maize, millet, sorghum,
were primarily dependent on hunting. They were unfamiliar mustard, oat and rice. These crops were present in the form of
with fire, so they ate raw meat. Paleolithic people were weed in different areas, which were later grown as seed by a
unfamiliar with farming and animal husbandry. *We human being at different places, at different times. Barley was
came to know about Mesolithic period only after C.L. Carlyle the first grain to be cultivated by human beings during 8000
discovered (1867-68) the Rock Painting from Vindhya region. BC in western Asian countries located between the northeast
*According to the excavated evidence, the domestication Mediterranean Sea and Iran. Later, in the same area, wheat
of animals began in the Mesolithic period. The earliest was also cultivated around 8000 BC. *Rice was the third grain
(b) Middle Palaeolithic period 8. Three human skeletons in a single grave were recovered
(c) Upper Palaeolithic period at –
(d) Mesolithic period (a) Sarai Nahar Rai (b) Damdama
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 (c) Mahadaha (d) Langhnaj
Ans. (d) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
Ans. (b)
According to the excavated evidence, the domestication of
animals began in the Mesolithic period. The earliest pieces Damdama is a Mesolithic site in Pratapgarh district Uttar
of evidence of domestication of animals in India have Pradesh. In Damdama, 41 human graves were found. Out
been found at Adamgarh (Hoshangabad, M.P.) and Bagor of these graves, 5 are double burial. One triple burial grave
(Bhilwara, Rajasthan). is also found here. A grave with four human skeletons has
been found at Sarai Nahar Rai.
4. Which among the following sites provides evidence of
domestication of animals in the Mesolithic period? 9. The cultivation of cereals first started in -
(a) Odai (b) Bori (a) Neolithic Age (b) Mesolithic Age
(c) Bagor (d) Lakhnia (c) Palaeolithic Age (d) Proto-Historic Age
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
See the explanation of above question. Grains were first ever produced in Neolithic Age. It was the
time when people were introduced to agriculture. Koldihwa
5. In Mesolithic context, evidence of animal
and Mehrgarh were the two Neolithic villages from where
domestication has been found at :
clear pieces of evidence of rice and wheat have been found.
(a) Langhnaj (b) Birbhanpur
(c) Adamgarh (d) Chopani Mando 10. During the Neolithic Age the earliest evidence of the
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008 origin of agriculture has been found at which of the
Ans. (c) following place in the North-Western region of Indian
See the explanation of above question. sub-continent?
(a) Munidgak (b) Mehargarh
6. From which one of the following sites bone implements (c) Damb Sadat (d) Balakot
have been found ? (e) Amri
(a) Chopani-Mando (b) Kakoria Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
(c) Mahadaha (d) Sarai Nahar Rai Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (c & d)
Indian History General Studies B–11
11. The earliest evidence of man in India is found in Pakistan) belonging to around 7000 B.C. and the earliest
(a) Nilgiri Hills (b) Shiwalik Hills evidence of rice is known to be near the bank of the river Belan,
(c) Nallamala Hills (d) Narmada Valley district Allahabad, from where rice bran was found dating
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006 back to 6500 B.C. With above reference, if Lahuradeva is one
Ans. (d) option, then it will be the correct answer, but if Lahuradeva
In India, the first evidence of man was found in western is not an option, then Mehrgarh would be the right answer.
Narmada region of Madhya Pradesh. It was discovered in 1982. 14. With reference to the cultural heritage of Uttar
Pradesh, which of the following statement/s is/are
12. The first cereal used by man was : correct?
(a) Wheat (b) Rice (1) The oldest evidence of agriculture in the global
context has been obtained from many excavated
(c) Barley (d) Sorghum
sites in this region.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997 (2) The oldest cultivated food grains are barley and
Ans. (c) paddy.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below –
There are mainly eight types of food grains consumed by
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Code -
modern human society, namely barley, wheat, maize, millet, (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
sorghum, mustard, oat and rice. These plants were present in (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021
the form of weed in different areas, which were later grown as Ans (a)
seed by a human being at different places, in different times. From Lahuradev in Sant Kabir Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh,
Although, barley was the first grain to be cultivated by human oldest evidence of agriculture have been obtained. The
beings during 8000 B.C. in western Asian countries located oldest food grains were barley and wheat. Hence option (a)
is correct.
between the northeast Mediterranean Sea and Iran. Later, in
the same area, wheat was also cultivated around 8000 B.C. 15. Name the site which has revealed the earliest evidence
Rice was the third grain to be cultivated by human beings in of settled life ?
approx 7000 B.C. at the Yangtze River of China. Maize was (a) Dholavira (b) Kile Gul Mohammad
cultivated in Central and South America during 6000 B.C. (c) Kalibangan (d) Mehrgarh
The first evidence of maize was found in Mexico, millet in U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008
5500 B.C. in China, sorghum in 5000 B.C. in East Africa, Ans. (d)
mustard in 5000 B.C. in South-East Asia and Oat in 2300 See the explanation of above question.
B.C. in Europe.
16. The earliest evidence of agriculture in the Indian Sub-
13. The earliest evidence of agriculture in Indian sub- continent has been obtained from –
continent comes from – (a) Brahmagiri (b) Burzahom
(c) Koldihwa (d) Mehrgarh
(a) Koldihwa (b) Lahuradeva
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
(c) Mehrgarh (d) Tokwa Ans. (d)
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (b)
17. The earliest evidence of Agriculture in Indian
According to the latest research, the earliest evidence of
subcontinent is found at
agriculture in Indian sub-continent has been reported from
(a) Lothal (b) Harappa
the Lahuradeva site in Sant Kabir Nagar district, Uttar
(c) Mehrgarh (d) Mundigak
Pradesh. The evidence of human activity and beginning of
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
rice cultivation at this site dates back to around 7000-9000
Ans. (c)
B.C. Significantly before this research, the earlier evidence
of wheat was found at Mehrgarh (located in Balochistan, See the explanation of above question.
29. Where are the caves of Bhimbetka situated? The people of Jorwe culture lived in large rectangular houses
(a) Bhopal (b) Pachmarhi with wattle and daub walls and thatched roof. They believed
in life after death and therefore buried the dead inside the
(c) Singrauli (d) Abdullahganj-Raisen houses under the floor. Children were buried in two urns that
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 were joined mouth-to-mouth and set horizontally in the pit,
Ans. (d) while adults were placed in a supine position with the head
towards the north (north to south). These sites were found in
See the explanation of above question. Daimabad, Inamgaon, Chandauli, Nevasa, etc.
within a specific geographical area and at a period of time. *In of various archaeologists -
the case of Harappan culture, these distinctive objects include
S.N. Archaeologists Founder
seals, beads, weights, stone blades and even baked bricks.
*The Harappan seal is possibly the most distinctive artefact 1. Dr. Laxman Swaroop Arya
of the Harappan or Indus valley civilization. *Seals were 2. V. Gordon Childeand Sumerians
discovered at Harappa by archaeologists Daya Ram Sahni Wheeler
in the early decades of the 20th century (in 1921). *Another 3. Rakhal Das Banerji Dravidians (Dravid)
archaeologist, Rakhal Das Banerji found similar seals at
Mohenjodaro, leading to the conjecture that these sites were *The cities excavated in Indus valley area can be categorized
part of a single archeological culture. *Based on these finds, in the following groups.
John Marshall, Director-General of the ASI, announced the 1. Central city
discovery of a new civilization in the Indus valley to the world. 2. Coastal city and dockyards
*Harappa is located in the Montgomery district (currently it is
3. Other cities and towns
Sahiwal district) of Punjab province, Pakistan. *Mohenjodaro
is located on the right bank of the Indus River in Larkana *The three major cities of Indus valley civilization- Harappa,
District, Sindh, Pakistan. *According to the Stuart Piggott, Mohenjodaro and Dholavira were the large towns. *The vast
the two cities, Harappa and Mohenjodaro were “Twin capital mounds were first reported by Charles Masson in 1826.
of an Extensive Kingdom”. *Harappa is located at the left
*During 1920-21, Mr. R.B. Dayaram Sahni surveyed the
bank of Ravi River.
*The carbon-14 (C14) dating process indicates the Harappan Harappa culture in the Montgomery district (currently in
period to be from 2300 BC to 1700 BC which is highly Sahiwal) of Punjab on the left side of Ravi river and in 1923
accepted. During the period 2300 BC to 1900 B.C., the growth excavation process started with continuity. In the year 1920-
of this civilization was at its peak. Mesopotamia and Egyptian 21 and 1933-34, Mr. Madhav Swaroop Vats and in 1946.
civilization are contemporary to the Indus civilization. The
Mr. Mortimer wheeler had started the excavation process on a
timeline of the Indus valley civilization by various researchers –
large (extensive) scale. *Harappa had two mounds, the eastern
Researcher Timeline
John Marshall 3250 B.C. -2750 B.C. side mound was known as city mound and the western one
Ernest Mackay 2800 B.C. – 2500 B.C. was called as castle mound. The remnants of Granary were
Madhav Swaroop Vats 3500 B.C. – 2500 B.C. available in the form of 12 rooms, which were arranged in
C.J. Gadd 2350 B.C. – 1700 B.C. the form of two rows each, having six rooms each. *The first
Mortimer wheeler 2500 B.C. – 1700 B.C. artefact uncovered in Harappa was a unique stone seal carved
Walter A. Fairservis 2000 B.C. – 1500 B.C.
with a unicorn and an inscription. Similar seals with different
ritual bathing. *In Mohenjodaro, a large building, in the form management system. From the earliest evidence, people used
of ruins, has been obtained. This is in the northeast direction to store water in this reservoir by building dams.
of great bath, with the dimension 70.1 × 23.77 meters. This *Surkotada is located in Kutch district of Gujarat. The
building, perhaps meant for the residence of a very high official, evidence of horse bones and pot burials has been found here.
possibly the high priest himself, or a college of priests. *The
*Daimabad is situated on the left bank of the Pravara River in
main quality of Mohenjodaro was their roads. The main road
Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. This site was discovered
had a width of 9.15 meters, which was known as Rajpath. The
by B.P. Bopardikar in 1958. Daimabad is famous for the
straight roads intersect each other at the right angle and the
recovery of many bronze goods, some of which were influenced
parted roads form square and quadrangle shapes. *The artefacts
by Harappan culture. *Rakhigarhi is situated in the Hisar
found from Mohenjodaro are mother goddess idol, dancing
girl statue, a seated male soapstone (Priest-King), Pashupati district of Haryana. This site is located in the Ghaggar-Hakra
(Shiva) seal, bones of elephants, and skeleton in the wells, River plain. This site was discovered by Surajbhan in 1969.
teeth of horse, evidence of cotton cloth, etc. This site is the largest site of Indus Valley civilization in
*The Chanhudaro situated 130 km southeast of India. *Ropar (Punjab) is located on the left bank of the river
Mohenjodaro was discovered by N.G. Majumdar in 1931 Satluj. The current name of this city is Rupnagar. `This city
and excavated on a large scale by E.J.H. Mackay in 1935-
was discovered by B.B. Lal in 1950. This site was excavated by
36. *Remnants of Jhukkar and Jhangar culture were
Yashdatt Sharma 1953-55. *Rangpur is located in Saurashtra
found at this site. This place may have been a industrial
hub where shell making, bangle making, bead making took region of western India, on the coast of Arabian Sea in Gujarat
place. Ornamented elephant, toys, the vestige of a dog that state. On the basis of large vegetative remains, it can be said
followed a cat, lipsticks, etc have been found at this site. that these people used to cultivate Rice, Bajra and Millet.
*Lothal is situated on the Bhogava River in Ahmedabad district *Dadheri was a pre-historic excavation site of Govindgarh,
of Gujarat. It was discovered by S.R. Rao in 1954. Along the
district Ludhiana (Punjab). Dadheri is known for its painted
eastern side of the town was a brick-basin, which has been
grey ware culture, which is supposed to be associated with
identified as dockyard by its excavator. Lothal city on the basis
of planning and material goods seems to be micro Harappa or the arrival of the Aryans.
micro Mohenjodaro city. The evidence of Rice husk, metal Major sites of Indus Valley Civilization and related rivers –
workers, shell ornament makers, bead makers shop, fire Sites Rivers
altars, terra cotta figurine of a horse, a terracotta model
Harappa Ravi
of a ship, Persian seal, painted jar, etc has been found here.
Mohenjodaro Indus
*Kalibangan is located in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan.
made and wheel made pottery with geometric or naturalistic the earliest cotton cultivation was found in excavation in
designs painted in black, chert blades, bone points, etc. have India. From India, it reached to Greece where it was called
been found here. *Banawali is located in the Fatehabad district as “Hindon”. The cotton cultivation in India started in 3000
of Haryana. Clay figures of the mother goddess and toy plough BC while it was cultivated in Egypt in 2500 BC. *Indus
have been found here. Valley Civilization is considered to be a secular civilization
*Bhagwanpura is located in Kurukshetra district, Haryana. with no trace of theocratic or organized religion. *No temple
It is located on the Southern bank of river Saraswati. The site or place of worship has been found after excavation from
was excavated by J.P. Joshi. *Manda is situated on the bank of Indus Vally Civilization till date. The only religious source
river Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. It was excavated by J.P. from this civilization is statues made of mud and stone
Joshi in 1982. It is considered a site used to procure wood from and seals which were found here. By this, it is known that
Himalayan regions and send them downstream to other towns female deities, Shiva or Pashupati and animals like snake,
of the Indus valley civilization. *Sonauli is an archaeological elephant were worshipped. Worship of plant and trees, or
site located in Baraut Tehsil, Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh, inanimate stone or other objects in the form of ‘Linga’ or
where 125 graves belonging to Indus Valley Civilization were ‘Yoni’ symbols was famous during that period.
found. These graves are oriented in a North-South direction Major metals and their production site –
and most are identified as primary human burials. Some of the Metals Production sites
burials are found with animal bones, gold, copper and bangles.
Copper Khetri(Rajasthan) and Balochistan
*Harappans were known to silver. The evidence of its proper
use has been found from Mohanjodaro and Harappa. These Lazurite Badakhshan (Afghanistan)
people used to get silver from mines of Zawar and Ajmer in Turquoise Iran
Rajasthan. Other sources of silver for Harrapa and Mohenjodaro Silver Jowar in Rajasthan and mine of Ajmer
were Afghanistan and Iran. Lead Afghanistan
*The Harappan pottery is bright or dark red and uniformly
Shilajit Himalaya
sturdy and well baked. It consists of wheel-made wares, both
Garnet stone Gujarat
plain and painted. The plain wares are usually of red clay with or
(Gomed)
without a fine red slip. The painted pottery was of red and black
colours. Several methods were used by people for the decoration *Ancient Egyptian Civilization flourished along the banks of
of pottery. Polychrome pottery was rare and mainly comprised the river Nile for almost 3,000 years. Nile river is known as
small vases decorated with geometric patterns, mostly in red, ‘lifeline of Egypt.’ The Nile is a major north-flowing river in
black and green and less frequently in white and yellow. The northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in
colour- scheme adopted for painting was light black, chocolate the world. Indus Valley Civilization (India) and Mesopotamian
or light red over buff or greenish- buff background. *The Indus civilisation of Egypt are the contemporary civilizations. The
Valley Civilization was a Bronze age Civilization. People of correct sequence of the civilizations from North to South is:
Indus river valley. Mehrgarh is now seen as a precursor to finding) and select the correct answer using the code
the Indus valley civilisation displaying the whole sequence given below the lists :
from earliest settlement and the start of agriculture, to the List- I List- II
mature Harappan civilization. (Ancient site) (Archaeological finding)
Mehrgarh is one of the earliest sites with pieces of evidence A. Lothal 1. Ploughed field
of farming and herding in South Asia.
B. Kalibangan 2. Dockyard
14. Which colour was commonly used in the Harappan C. Dholavira 3. Terracotta replica of a Plough
Pottery? D. Banawali 4. An inscription comprising
(a) Red (b) Blue-grey ten large-sized signs of the
(c) Yellow (d) Blue Harappan script
40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995 Code :
Ans. (a) A B C D
The Harappan pottery is bright or dark red and uniformly (a) 1 2 3 4
sturdy and well baked. It consists of wheel-made wares, both (b) 2 1 4 3
plain and painted. The plain ware is usually of red clay with (c) 1 2 4 3
or without a fine red slip. The painted pottery was of red and (d) 2 1 3 4
black colours. Several methods were used by people for the I.A.S. (Pre) 2002
decoration of pottery. Polychrome pottery was rareand mainly Ans. (b)
comprised small vases decorated with geometric patterns,
The archaeological remains of the Harappan port-town of
mostly in red, black and green and less frequently in white
and yellow. The colour- scheme adopted for painting was Lothal are located along the Bhogava River, a tributary
light black, chocolate or light red over buff or greenish buff of Sabarmati, in the Gulf of Cambay. Kalibangan town is
background. located on the bank of Ghaggar River (Saraswati River)
15. The beginning of idol worship is to be considered in – in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan. Kalibangan has given
(a) Pre-Aryan (b) Vedic period the evidence of the earliest ploughed agricultural field ever
(c) Mauryan Period (d) Kushan Period revealed through excavation. An inscription comprising ten
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
large-sized signs of the Harappan scripts were found from
Ans. (a)
Dholavira of Harappan script. Banawali is located in Hisar
The pre-Aryan period is considered as the beginning of idol
district of Haryana from where a terracotta replica of a plough
worship. Idol worship was prevalent in Indus Civilization and
was found.
it is evident from the coins discovered from Mohenjodaro
B. Hastinapur 2. Ravi
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above C. Nagarjuna Konda 3. Ganga
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016 D. Paithan 4. Krishna
Ans. (b) Code :
See the explanation of above question. A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
20. A ploughed field was discovered at – (b) 2 3 4 1
(a) Mohenjodaro (b) Kalibangan (c) 4 3 2 1
(c) Harappa (d) Lothal (d) 3 4 1 2
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005 U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008
Ans. (b) Ans. (b)
See the explanation of above question. The correctly matched list is as follows :
Harappa Ravi river
21. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
Hastinapur Ganga river
from the codes given below :
Nagarjuna Konda Krishna river
List-I List-II
Paithan Godavari river
A. Harappa 1. Cemetry R-37
B. Lothal 2. Dockyard 24. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
C. Kalibangan 3. Dancing Girl Statue from the code given below :
D. Mohenjo-Daro 4. Furrowed land List – I List – II
Codes : (Harappan Settlement) (River on which located )
A B C D
A. Harappa 1. Bhogava
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 1 4 3 B. Kalibangan 2. Ghaggar
(c) 3 4 1 2 C. Lothal 3. Ravi
(d) 1 2 4 3 D. Ropar 4. Sutlej
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017 Code :
Ans. (d) A B C D
The correctly matched list is as follows : (a) 3 2 1 4
List-I List-II (b) 3 4 1 2
Harappa Cemetry R-37 (c) 4 2 3 1
Lothal Dockyard (d) 1 3 2 4
Kalibangan Furrowed land U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
Mohenjo-Daro Dancing Girl Statue Ans. (a)
55 metres east-west and 33 metres north-south. In the Middle Kalibangan is located in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan.
of Great Bath the pond measures 11.8 metres x 7.04 metres It was excavated by A. Ghosh in 1951. The excavations
and has a maximum depth of 2.43 metres. revealed that the western mound was a fortified enclosure
26. The ‘Great Bath’ was found at the archaeological site of with rectangular salients and towns. Except this, all are
(a) Ropar (b) Harappa correctly matched.
(c) Mohenjodaro (d) Kalibangan 30. For the Harrapan Cultural sites and its position, which
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 of the following is not correctly matched ?
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2007 (a) Alamgirpur - Uttar Pradesh
Ans. (c) (b) Banawali - Haryana
See the explanation of above question. (c) Daimabad - Maharashtra
(d) Rakhigarhi - Rajasthan
27. Which of the following statements about the Indus U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006
civilization is not true? Ans. (d)
(a) Accurate drainage system in cities
Rakhigarhi village is situated in Hisar district of Haryana
(b) Trade and commerce were in an advanced stage.
along the bank of Ghaggar-Hakra river. This site was
(c) Worshipping of Mother Goddess
discovered by Surajbhan in 1969. Rest of the options are
(d) People knew about iron
correctly matched.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
Ans. (d) 31. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age Civilization. from the code given below :
People of this Age were not familiar with iron. The drainage List – I List – II
system was advanced and covered with slabs. The trade and (Harappan Site) (Location)
commerce were in an advanced stage. The pieces of evidence
A. Manda 1. Rajasthan
of both internal and external trade have been found. Many
pieces of evidence of worshipping of Mother Goddess from B. Daimabad 2. Haryana
Indus Valley have been found. C. Kalibangan 3. Jammu-Kashmir
D. Rakhigarhi 4. Maharashtra
28. Indus valley civilization is known for
1. For its town planning Code :
2. For Mohenjodaro and Harappa A B C D
3. For their agricultural work (a) 1 2 3 4
4. For its industrialization (b) 2 3 4 1
Code :
(c) 3 4 1 2
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All of the above (d) 4 1 2 3
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Ans. (d) Ans. (c)
Undeciphered script of Indus civilization has attracted (c) Ashirwadi Lal Srivastava and Rangnath Rao
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speculations and hypothesis. The people of Indus civilization (d) Madhosarup Vats and V.B. Rao
probably worshipped Mother Goddess, Lord Shiva, they May Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
perform Yagya (fire pit found in Rajasthan and Gujarat sites) Ans. (a)
burial rituals indicates belief in Atma or spirit, evidence of See the explanation of above question.
human sacrifice also found in Mohenjodaro.
53. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
50. The Indus valley people worshipped – using the codes given below the lists:
(a) Shiva (b) Indra and Varun List-I List-II
(c) Brahma (d) Vishnu A. Harappa 1. N.G. Majumdar (1936-37)
B. Hastinapur 2. John Marshall (1913-34)
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
C. Takshashila 3. Daya Ram Sahni (1923-24 &
Ans. (a)
1924-25)
Marshall identified the figure which he found during D. Kaushambi 4. B.B. Lal (1950-52)
excavation as an early form of the Hindu God Shiva (or Codes :
Rudra) or Pashupati (lord of animals) from the excavation of A B C D
Harappa. The Pashupati seal in which the three faced male (a) 4 2 1 3
God is shown sitting in a yogic posture, surrounded by a (b) 1 3 4 2
rhino and a buffalo on the right, an elephant and a tiger on (c) 3 4 2 1
the left, make the historian conclude that the people of those (d) 4 1 3 2
days worshipped Lord Shiva or cylindrical stones show that U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Mains) 2017
the people worshipped Lingam, the symbol of Lord Shiva. Ans. (c)
The correclty matched list is as follows :
51. Who was the director of the archaeological excavation
List-I List-II
that led to the discovery of Harappa and Mohenjodaro? Harappa Daya Ram Sahni (1923-24 & 1924-25)
(a) Lord Macaulay Hastinapur B.B. Lal (1950-52)
Takshashila John Marshall (1913-34)
(b) Sir John Marshall Kaushambi N.G. Majumdar (1936-37)
(c) Clive
54. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?
(d) Colonel Tad (a) Harappa - Daya Ram Sahni
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997 (b) Lothal - S.R. Rao
Ans. (b) (c) Surkotada - J.P. Joshi
In 1921, Daya Ram Sahni surveyed Harappa. In 1926, M.S. 60. The first metal used by man was :
Vats was associated with the survey of Harrapa. Mohenjodaro (a) Gold (b) Silver
was discovered in 1922 by Rakhal Das Banerjee. In addition (c) Copper (d) Iron
to him, some other scholars like K.N. Dixit, Ernest Mackay, R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2012
Aurel Stein, A. Ghosh, J.P. Joshi also contributed in the Ans. (c)
discovery of this civilization. Hence, it is clear that V.A. Copper was the metal which was first used by humans, though
Smith was not associated with the discovery of Harappan
there is variation in the period around the globe as far as the
Civilization rather was a British Indologist and art historian.
use of copper is concerned.
57. From which one of the following places, remains of
61. An ivory scale in Harappan context was found at –
wells have been found in houses belonging to the
developed stage of the Indus Valley Civilization? (a) Kalibangan (b) Lothal
(a) Harappa (b) Kalibangan (c) Dholavira (d) Banawali
(c) Lothal (d) Mohenjodaro U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004 Ans. (b)
Ans. (*) An ivory scale in the Harappan context was found at Lothal.
Remains of Well and Bathroom have been found in Lothal is a place associated with Indus Valley Civilization
approximately every major city of Indus Civilization. currently in Gujarat.
Therefore, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are correct, but
(c) Mohenjodaro (d) Banawali
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010 the reason is not the correct explanation. Therefore, option
Ans. (d) (b) is the correct answer.
Banawali is an archaeological site belonging to Indus Valley 66. From where the evidence of rock-cut architecture was
Civilization period in Fatehabad district, Haryana. Banawali found, with reference to Harappa civilization?
is located in the valley of Ghaggar and its tributaries. Hence, (a) Kalibangan (b) Dholavira
option (d) is the correct answer. (c) Kot Diji (d) Amri
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
64. Consider the following statements and select the correct
answer from the given code : Ans. (b)
1. Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Ropar and Kalibangan Dholavira, which is the second largest site of Harappan
are the main sites of Indus valley civilization.
Civilization in India (after Rakhigarhi) is located in Rann
2. People of Harappa developed the road, proper
housing and drainage system. of Kutch (Gujarat). R.S. Bisht and his colleagues excavated
3. People of Harappa were unknown about the use this site in 1992. Dholavira is one of the most prominent
of metals. archaeological sites of Harappa which gives us important
Code : information about great bath and rock-cut reservoir which
(a) 1 and 2 are correct (b) 1 and 3 are correct was 7 metres deep and 79 metres long.
(c) 2 and 3 are correct (d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 67. Dholavira is located in the State of –
Ans. (a) (a) Gujarat (b) Haryana
(c) Punjab (d) Rajasthan
Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Ropar, Lothal and Kalibangan are the U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
main sites of Indus Valley Civilization. In this civilization, Ans. (a)
most of the cities were designed in a grid pattern. A proper
See the explanation of above question.
drainage system was aligned along the roads, which was
covered with big stones and bricks. The forms of art were 68. Which Harappan city is divided into three parts?
found from various sites of this civilization including seals, (a) Lothal (b) Kalibangan
pottery, gold ornaments and necklaces. (c) Dholavira (d) Surkotada
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013
65. Assertion (A) : Mohenjodaro and Harappa cities are Ans. (c)
dead now.
Reason (R) : They were discovered during excavations. Dholavira is a Harappan site located in Kutch district of
In the context of the above, which one of Gujarat. The town was built in a rectangular shape. It was
divided into three parts- fort, central town and lower town.
the following is correct?
From Dholavira, a huge Rock-cut reservoir is found, whose Cotton was first cultivated in India for clothing. In 1922,
size is about 80.4 m × 12 m and 7.5 meters deep, having Rakhal Das Banerjee took interest in the site of Mohenjo-
a huge capacity to store water. People of Dholavira were Daro for excavation. Evidence of the earliest cotton
familiar with the advanced water management system. cultivation was found by excavation in India. From India,
From the earliest evidence, people used to store water in this it reached Greece where it was called as “Hindon”. The
reservoir by building dams. cotton cultivation in India started in 3000 B.C. while it was
cultivated in Egypt in 2500 B.C.
71. Which of the following sites has yielded evidence of a
double burial? 74. Regarding the Indus Valley Civilization, consider the
(a) Kuntasi (b) Dholavira following statements
1. It was predominantly a secular civilization and the
(c) Lothal (d) Kalibangan
religious element, though present, did not dominate
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016 the scene.
Ans. (*) 2. During this period, cotton was used for
manufacturing textiles in India.
The evidence of triple burial has been found from Lothal.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
It was an important trade centre of the Harrapan culture.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Its town planning was different than that of Harappa and (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Mohenjodaro. The city was divided into six sections. Each I.A.S. (Pre) 2011
section was built on a wide platform of baked bricks, and each M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
platform is separated by a road (12 to 20 ft). The evidence Ans. (c)
of double burial also has been found from Kalibangan. If we Indus Valley Civilization is considered to be a secular
follow the number of burials, option (c) will be the correct civilization with no trace of theocratic or organized religion.
answer, if we follow the evidence, both the options (c) and
Cotton textiles were produced during the Harappan period
(d) will be the correct answer.
as shown by artefact evidence.
72. Recently, from excavations of Harappan site Sonauli 75. Which of the following characterizes/characterize the
what was found ? people of Indus Civilization?
(a) Human burials 1. They possessed great places and temples.
(b) Animal burials 2. They worshipped, both male and female deities.
(c) Residential building 3. They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare.
(d) Protecting wall Select the correct answer using the code given below
Indian History General Studies B–29
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 79. According to the report of IIT Kharagpur study group,
(c) All of these (d) None of these continuous low rainfall for how many years was the
I.A.S. (Pre) 2013 cause of fall of the Indus valley civilization?
Ans. (b) (a) 600 years (b) 700 years
(c) 800 years (d) 900 years
No temple or place of worship has been found in excavation
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
from Indus Vally Civilization till date. The only religious
B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
source from this civilization is statues made of mud and stone
and seals which were found here. By this, it is known that Ans. (d)
female deities, Shiva or Pashupati and animals like snake, According to the reports of IIT Kharagpur, the continuous
elephant were worshipped. Worship of plant and trees, or low or negligible rainfall for 900 years was the cause of fall
inanimate stone or other objects in the form of ‘Linga’ or
of the Indus Valley Civilisation. In other words, it can be said
‘yoni’ symbols were famous during that period.
that continuous drought for 900 years led the fall of Indus
76. One of the following sites from where the famous Valley Civilisation.
bull-seal of Indus Valley Civilization was found-
80. A horned deity engraved on a terracotta cake has been
(a) Harappa (b) Chanhudaro
(c) Lothal (d) Mohenjodaro recovered from
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Tibet Swami Dayanand Saraswati *Vedic literature is also called Shruti. The Vedas are the
Hungary Gyles most ancient literature in India. There are four Vedas-
Germany Hart & Penca Rigveda, Samveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda.
*Rigveda, Yajurveda and samveda are also called Vedtrayi
*Vedic Age is divided into two parts – Rigvedic or Pre-Vedic or Trayi. *Each Vedas have four parts – Samhita, brahmana
Age (1500-1000 BCE) and Later-Vedic Age (1000-600 BCE). text, Aranyakas and Upanishad. *Rigveda has 10 mandals,
*Each of the Vedas is divided into four parts (or the sections). 1028 suktas and 10552 verses (Richa). 2 to 7 mandals of
Their correct order is Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas Rigveda are known to be most ancient.
and Upanishads. *Samhitas and Brahmanas form the Karma- Rigvedic Mandals and their writers –
*Yajurveda in Sanskrit means ‘wisdom of sacrificial formulas.’ only Brahmana associated with the Atharvaveda. It is a genre
This Veda, compiled a century or two after the Rig-Veda, of the prose texts describing the Vedic rituals.
contains prose and verse formulas that were to be pronounced *The Upanishad literature is not a religious scripture but
by the priests performing the manual part of the sacrifice. It represents a philosophy for all times and for all. The philosophy
of Upanishads does not oppose any school of thought, religion
describes in prose about the procedural details of performing
or interpretation of the scriptures but its method for explaining
different rituals and Yajnas using the hymns of the Rig Veda.
its concepts is unique. *The word salvation or Moksha is not
The Samhitas of Yajur Veda is divided into two parts: Shukla
used in Vedas. It was firstly discussed in Upanishads. *Moksha
(White) Yajur Veda and Krishna (Black) Yajur Veda. Shukla
means ‘’liberation’’. The continuous cycle of life and death
Yajur Veda has a separate Brahmana text written as Satapatha
is not the actual aim of the human soul. *According to the
Brahmana. *Vajasneyi is the samhita of Shukla Yajurveda.
Upanishads, the core of our self is not the body or the mind
*Shukla Yajurveda is available only in the poetic form whereas but the Atman (Soul).
Krishna Yajurveda contains both poetic as well as prose form.
*Kathopanishad is the story of the conversation between
*The Shatpath Brahmana is a prose text describing Vedic
Yama, Lord of death and Nachiketa, the young 12 years old boy
rituals, history and mythology associated with the Yajurveda. In
who left home in search of the meaning of death and beyond.
context to Ancient Indian Vedic literature, Shatpath Brahmana
This forms the subject matter of one of the Upanishads called
has been placed just after the Rig Veda. It also describes social
Katha Upanishad or Kathopanishad.
subjects including Vedic rituals. *‘Purusha Medha’ has been
*The phrase ''Satyameva Jayate'' is a Sanskrit word taken
mentioned in Shatpath Brahmana. *The Shatapatha Brahmana
narrates the story of King Videgha Madhava (a king of Videha) from the 'Mundakopanishad'. The meaning of the word
accompanied by his priest Rishi Gautama Rahugana. King is “truth alone triumphs.” It was adopted as the national
was carrying fire (Agni Vaisvanara) in his mouth which on motto of India. It is inscribed in the script at the base of the
incitation of his guru fells out of his mouth and burned the national emblem. It was adopted by the Government of India
earth towards his east. on 26 January, 1950. *Satyakama Jabala is a boy, and later
out with precision, but it is clear that ‘Sabha’ and ‘Samiti’ are
Ans. (d)
clearly mentioned at least eight times and six times respectively
'Aryan' is a term meaning 'noble' which was used as a self-
in the Rigaveda according to Atharvaveda, Sabha and Samiti
designation by Indo-Iranian people. In classic Sanskrit the
are the two daughters of Prajapati.
word Arya means- 'A nobleman'. The word was used by the
Purohit Advisor of king
people of the Vedic period in India as an ethnic label for
Senani Head of army
themselves as well as to refer noble class. Scholars point out
Gramin Head of Village that even in ancient times, the idea of being an 'Aryan' was
Mahishi Wife of king religious, cultural and linguistic, not racial.
Suta Head of Chariot army
2. Meaning of the term ‘Arya’ in classical Sanskrit is
Sangrahita Treasurer (a) Believer of the God
Bhagdudh Tax collector (b) A hereditary cast
Akshavap Accountant (c) A believer in particular religion
Palagal Messenger (d) A Noble man
Kshata Keeper of the King's household U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998
Ans. (d)
*There are total sixteen Sanskars that have been described.
See the explanation of above question.
Three are performed before birth, twelve during life and
3. Which one of the following is oldest Veda :
one after death. It seems that Upnayan Sanskar is the most
(a) Yajurveda (b) Rig Veda
important and commonly performed besides the wedding (c) Samaveda (d) Atharvaveda
ceremony and ritual after death. The sixteen Sanskaras are as Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
follows- Garbhadhana (Conception), Punsavana (Foetus
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
protection), Simantonnayana (Satisfying the cravings of Ans. (b)
the pregnant mother), Jatakarma (Childbirth), Namakaran
In Indian literature, Vedas are the most ancient scriptures
(Naming the child), Nishkramana (Taking the child which are four in numbers, namely Rig Veda, Yajurveda,
outdoors for the first time), Annaprasana (Giving solid Samaveda and Atharvaveda. Rig Veda is the most important
food), Mundan (Hair cutting), Karnavedha (Ear piercing), and oldest among all these.
Vidhyarambha (Starting education), Upanayana (Sacred thread 4. ‘Trayi’ is a name for –
ceremony), Vedarambha (Study of Vedas), Keshant (Hair cut), (a) Three Vedas
Samavartana (Returning home after completion of education), (b) Dharma, Sangha and Buddha
Vivaha (Marriage) and Antyesthi (Cremation). (c) Three Gods in Hindu Pantheon
feet of the primeval person (Purusha). Although the literal Rigveda consists of 1028 hymns and 10552 mantras.
meaning of the word Varna is colour or class (in Sanskrit). Yajurveda contains the description of stotras and rituals.
6. The ‘Purush Sukta’ related to Varna System is The Samaveda consists of many hymns which are taken
originally found in – from Rig Veda and are indeed lyrical and melodious. The
(a) Atharvaveda (b) Samaveda Atharvaveda contains a lot of knowledge of the physical
(c) Rig Veda (d) Manusmriti world and spirituality.
(e) None of these
9. In Rig Veda there are........ mantras –
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
(a) 1028 (b) 1017
Ans. (c)
(c) 1128 (d) 1020
See the explanation of above question.
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
7. Match the following: Ans. (*)
A. Atharvaveda 1. God Grace
See the explanation of above question.
B. Rig Veda 2. Sacrifice process
C. Yajurveda 3. Medicine 10. The Rig Veda is the
D. Samaveda 4. Music (a) Collection of hymns (b) Collection of stories
Code : (c) Collection of words (d) Text of war
A B C D U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016
(a) 3 1 2 4 Ans. (a)
(b) 1 2 3 4
The Rig Veda is an ancient collection of Vedic Sanskrit
(c) 2 3 4 1
hymns. It consists of thousands of such hymns of several
(d) 3 4 1 2
seers, each hymn averaging around ten verses. It is one of
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
the four canonicals sacred texts (Shruti) of Hinduism known
Ans. (a)
as ‘Vedas.’
The correctly matched list is as follows - 11. Match the List-I and List-II and choose your answer
Atharvaveda - Medicine from the codes given below:
Rig Veda - God Grace List-I List-II
A. Rig Veda i. Gopatha
Yajurveda - Sacrifice process
B. Samaveda ii. Shatpatha
Samaveda - Music
C. Atharvaveda iii. Aitariya
8. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer D. Yajurveda iv. Panchvisha
from the codes given below : Code:
The Upanishad literature is not a religious scripture but 26. King Asvapati of the Upanishadic period was the ruler of:
represents a philosophy for all times and for all. The (a) Kashi (b) Kekaya
philosophy of Upanishads does not oppose any school of (c) Panchala (d) Videha
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
thought, religion or interpretation of the scriptures, but its
Ans. (b)
method for explaining its concepts is unique. Upanishad
means pupils sit near the teacher to learn from him about The Upanishads state that some Kshatriya kings who were
the secret doctrine. great scholars and philosophers also imparted knowledge to
22. The main theme of Upanishads is – Brahmins. Some of them were- King Janak of Videha, King
(a) Social structure (b) Philosophy Pravahanjabali of Panchal, King Asvapati of Kekaya and
(c) Law (d) State King Ajatshatru of Kashi. Asvapati was a Kshatriya king.
U.P.Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998 He was well known as a learned teacher of the age. The
Ans. (b) Kekaya kingdom was situated on the bank of river Beas, east
of Gandhara kingdom. King Asvapati ruled Kekaya when
See the explanation of above question.
Janak was the king of Videha.
23. Which one of the following Vedic literature talks about
27. Which of the following is the correct order of the Vedic
salvation :
literature?
(a) Rig Veda (b) Later Samhitas
(c) Brahmins (d) Upanishads (a) Vedic Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003 (b) Vedic Samhitas, Upnishads, Aranyakas, Brahmanas
Ans. (d) (c) Vedic Samhitas, Aranyakas, Brahmanas, Upnishads
Sindhu river was the most important river during the Vedic Ans. (b)
period; that is why it was mentioned most of the times in the
Rivers given in the options are correctly matched as follows
Rig Veda. Sindhu river due to its economic importance was
with their modern names –
called as ‘Hiranyani’ and its place of termination referred
Kubha - Kabul
to as ‘Peravat’ which means ‘Arabian Sea.’ Saraswati river
Parushni - Ravi
was the most pious river of Rigvedic Aryans and called as
Sadaneera - Gandak
“Naditama’’.
Shutudri - Sutlej
29. Vedic river Askini is identified with which one of the 33. In the period of Mahabharata, the name of Mahanadi was
following rivers? (a) Kaveri (b) Tapti
(a) Beas (b) Ravi (c) Mahananda (d) Ganga
(c) Chenab (d) Jhelum (e) None of these
U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
Ans. (c) Ans. (e)
Vedic river Askini is identified with a present-day river named The name of Mahanadi during the period of Mahabharat
as Chenab, also popularly known as Chandrabhaga. The
was 'Chitrotpala'. In the Bhishma festival of Mahabharata,
river Chenab originates from Tandi in Lahul Spiti where two
the Chitrotpala river is praised as Punayadayini and Sin
rivulets namely Chandra and Bhaga meet to form this river.
Vashinini. Indian people drank the water of Chitrotpala.
30. Which of the following rivers mentioned in the Rig Veda This fact is proved by the following Verse of Mahabharata –
indicates the relations of Aryans with Afghanistan? "efÛe$eeslheuee efÛe$ejLeeb cebpegueeb Jeeefnveer leLee~ ceboeefkeâveeR JewlejCeeR keâes<eeb
(a) Askini (b) Parushni
Ûeeefhe ceneveoerced~~"
(c) Kubha, Kramu (d) Vipasha, Shutudri
The Mahanadi has been called Chitrotpala Ganga in the
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
Ans. (c) Mahoba copper plate of Someshwar Dev.
Rivers mentioned in the Rig Veda namely Kubha (Kabul), 34. Which of the following custom emerged during the
Kramu (Kurram), Gomti (Gomal) and Suvastu (Swat) were post-Vedic period :
flowing through Afghanistan which indicates that there were (a) Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha
(b) Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra
deep relations of Aryans with the country.
(c) Brahmcharya, Grihasthaashramas, Vanaprastha,
31. The Vedic river Kubha was located in: Sanyasa
(a) Afghanistan (b) Chinese Turkistan
(d) Indra, Surya, Rudra, Maruta
(c) Kashmir (d) Punjab
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999 I.A.S. (Pre) 1994
Ans. (a) Ans. (a & c)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 See the explanation of above question.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2011
40. ‘Nishka’ in ancient India was known as –
Ans. (c)
(a) Gold Ornament (b) Cows
Dharma and Rita in the Vedic period appear as early as (c) Copper Coins (d) Silver Coins
the Rig Veda. Usually, Dharma signifies cosmic ordinance U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
often in connection with the sense of natural or divine Ans. (a)
law. ‘Rita’ as such is closely related to universal harmony
See the explanation of above question.
in which all things in the world have a proper place and
function. So the term ‘Rita’ means an impersonal law, 41. Boghaz-Koi is important because:
while Dharma characterizes those personal actions that (a) It was an important trading centre between Central
engender or maintain the cosmic order.Thus, the correct Asia and Tibet
answer is option (c). (b) Inscriptions were found which mentioned the names
of Vedic Gods and Goddesses
36. Who among the following Vedic deities was believed
(c) Original Texts of the Vedas were composed here
to be their priest ?
(d) None of the above
(a) Agni (b) Brihaspati
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
(c) Dyaus (d) Indra
39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
U.P.P.C.S. (Main) 2013
Ans. (b) Ans. (b)
Brihaspati is also known as Deva-guru (teacher or priest of Boghaz-Koi inscription (Asia Minor, Turkey) is important
Gods), is the guru of the Devas (Gods). because there is mention of four Vedic Gods, namely Indra,
Varuna, Mitra and Nasatyas.
37. Who among the following was a Brahmavadini who
42. Which of the following inscriptions tells about the
composed some hymns of the Vedas?
Aryan’s movement of Aryan from Iran to India ?
(a) Lopamudra (b) Gargi (a) Man Sehra (b) Shahbazgarhi
(c) Leelavati (d) Savitri (c) Boghaz-Koi (d) Junagarh
I.A.S. (Pre) 1995 U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
Ans. (a) Ans. (c)
Many hymns of the Rig Veda were composed by women and See the explanation of above question.
they were called Brahmavadini. The prominent amongst them
43. An inscription of 14th century B.C. which describes
were Lopamudra, Vishwawara, Sikta, Nivavari and Ghosa. the Vedic Gods has been found in
Lopamudra was the wife of Agastya Rishi/sage. (a) Ecbatana (b) Boghaz-Koi
Pancha-Jana suggested five specific tribes whose eponymous 59. The System of Governance prevalent in the Vedic era
ancestors were the founders of the clans, namely Yadu, was–
Turvasa, Druhya, Anu and Puru. Kikat was not among them. (a) Autocratic
(b) Democratic
55. In the ancient period chief-livelihood source of the Aryans (c) Republic
was – (d) Descended monarchy
(a) Agriculture (b) Hunting R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1993
(c) Artcraft (d) Business Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993 Most popular and prevalent system of governance during the
Ans. (a) Vedic era was descended monarchy. Although some examples
In ancient time, the Aryans were dependent on Agriculture of election by the people were also found but the general
and hunting for their livelihood. interest of the public was towards monarchy.
(a) Sabha (b) Samiti worship any God, they consider him to be the Supreme
(c) Vidhata (d) All of these
God, this is known as Ekaikyavaad. Else than this in
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
Ans. (a) Rigveda Ekeshwarvaad is supported by saying Ekm
Satt Vipra bahudha badanti". Ekeshwarvaad of Rigveda
Several tribal or the clan-based assemblies such as the Sabha,
Samiti, Vidatha are mentioned in the Rigveda. Among them included vision of Advaityavaad, Sarvadevtavaad and
Sabha was associated with the judicial function. Sabha is Bahudevatavaad. But the concept of one supreme God of
mentioned eight times in Rigveda. Sabha and Samiti are Vedas is different form the moder Ishwarvaad.
mentioned as two daughters of Prajapati in Atharvaveda.
65. The largest number of Rigvedic hymns are devoted to
62. In which of the Vedas, Sabha and Samiti are called as (a) Agni (b) Indra
two daughters of Prajapati ?
(c) Rudra (d) Vishnu
(a) Rig Veda (b) Samveda
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
(c) Yajurveda (d) Atharvaveda
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009 Ans. (b)
Ans. (d) ‘Indra’ has been described as the most powerful deity in the
The clear distinction between Sabha and Samiti cannot be Rig Veda. ‘Indra’ is the most important divinity in the Rig-
made but it is clear that ‘Sabha’ and ‘Samiti’ were clearly Veda. A very large number of Rig Veda hymns (as maximum
mentioned in the Atharva Veda as the two daughters of
as 250 hymns) are devoted to him followed by ‘Agni’ (200
Prajapati.
hymns).
63. ‘Ayurveda’ that is ‘Science of Life’ appeared first in :
(a) Aranyaka (b) Samveda 66. The largest number of the Hymns in Rig Veda belongs to–
(c) Yajurveda (d) Atharvaveda (a) Agni (b) Varuna
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
(c) Vishnu (d) Yama
Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
‘Ayurveda’ that is ‘Science of Life’ appeared first in
Ans. (a)
Atharvaveda. Ayurveda is an Upaveda of Atharva Veda. It
describes the thoughts and superstitions of common people. The largest number of hymns in Rigveda belongs to god
It comprises of various contents such as disease prevention, Indra. But in the present question, in the absence of Indra
coordination, loyalty, marriage and love poetry. we choose Agni (Second largest).
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011 800 B.C. to 600 B.C. is related to Brahmana era. Often period
Ans. (b) during seventh century B.C. to third century B.C. is called
In the Rig Veda, a maximum number of hymns are devoted as Sutra Period.
to the God ‘Indra’. He was the Storm-God and referred to as 72. Gayatri Mantra is found in which book?
the Sky-God and the God of War. The Vedas describe Indra (a) Upanishad (b) Bhagwatgita
as the God who wields the thunderbolt. (c) Rig Veda (d) Yajurveda
39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
69. Who of the following Gods was considered as War-God
Ans. (c)
in the Vedic literature?
The Gayatri Mantra was first written in Sanskrit in the Rig
(a) Varuna (b) Indra
Veda by the Brahmarshi Vishwamitra. Its meaning is “May
(c) Agini (d) Mitra
the Almighty God illuminate our intellect to lead us along
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
Ans. (b) the righteous path.”
See the explanation of above question. 73. The ‘Mantra’ famous with the name of ‘Gayatri
Mantra’ found in which of the following scriptures –
70. Study the following statements about the Vedic God Indra (a) Bhagwat Gita
and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (b) Atharvaveda
1. Was the God of thunder. (c) Rig Veda
2. Punished the sinners. (d) Manusmriti
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
3. Was the guardian of the moral order.
Ans. (c)
4. Was the God of rain.
See the explanation of above question.
Codes :
(a) 1 and 2 are correct. 74. Who composed the Gayatri Mantra ?
(b) 1 and 3 are correct. (a) Vasishtha (b) Vishwamitra
(c) Indra (d) Parikshit
(c) 2 and 4 are correct.
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
(d) 1 and 4 are correct.
Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
Ans. (d) See the explanation of above question.
Vansa, Manvantara and Vanshanucharita. Among these, 100,000 Shlokas and is believed to be written by Sage Veda
Vyasa.
Sarga and Pratisarga are the natural creation and renovation
79. The Shatasahasri-Samhita is the nickname of which
(cosmogony). Vansa means the history of Sage and God.
of the following texts?
Manvantara is meant for the period of different Manus and
(a) Rigveda (b) Atharvaveda
Vanshanucharit means Genealogy of kings. (c) Ramayana (d) Mahabharata
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Shrimad Bhagavad Gita was originally written in Sanskrit rod and Vasuki, the king of serpents who abides on Shiva’s
language often referred in short as Gita. There are 700 neck, became the churning rope. Lord Vishnu, in the form
verses in this Hindu scripture and this is the part of the epic of Kurma Avtar, came to their rescue and supported the
Mahabharata. mountain on his back.
the Brahmi script. The Rig Veda is divided into 10 Mandals, See the explanation of above question.
which consists of 1028 Sukta and 10552 Mantra. According
94. The name 'Aghanya' mentioned in many passages of
to Patanjali, there are 21 branches of Rig Veda. The priests
the Rig Veda refers to :
of Rig Veda were called ‘Hota'.
(a) Priest (b) Women
90. In the Vedic rituals HOTA is associated with the–
(c) Cows (d) Brahmanas
(a) Rig Veda (b) Yajurvaveda
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
(c) Samaveda (d) Atharvaveda
Ans. (c)
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013
Ans. (a) See the explanation of above question.
See the explanation of above question. 95. In the early Rigvedic period, what was considered to
be the most valuable property?
91. There is a similarity in Avesta and the Rig Veda, from
(a) Land (b) Cow
which region the Avesta is related to –
(c) Women (d) Water
(a) India (b) Iran
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015
(c) Israel (d) Egypt
Ans. (b)
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
Ans. (b) Cattle breeding was the most important economic activity
of the Rigvedic people. Prayers were offered to increase the
According to a definition given about the Aryans: “The Indo-
Iranian group whose members composed the Zoroastrian number of cattle. It was a medium of exchange. A cow is
scriptures, the Avesta and the Hindu scriptures such as the considered as a deity in some Suktas of Rig Veda.
Vedas, called themselves Aryans. So it is clear that in the
Vedic period it was the region of present-day Iran, where 96. In context on Indian culture 'Rit' means
Zoroastrianism prevailed, and the ‘Avesta’ was written by (a) Natural law (b) Artificial law
Zoroastrian. (c) Human law (d) Social law
92. Which of the following animals was considered as (e) None of these
“Aghanya” during the Vedic period:- Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
(a) Bull (b) Sheep Ans. (a)
he was also called as 'Ritasyagopa'. on Dashami (10th day) of the waxing moon (Shukla Paksha)
of the Hindu calendar month Jyestha. The festival celebration
97. In the context of ancient Indian society which one of
lasts ten days preceding this holy day.
the following terms does not belong to the category of
the other three? 100. The teacher who taught ‘Ved-Vedanga’ for livelihood,
(d) Purohita
I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
Uttarakhand U.D.A./LDA (Mains) 2007
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
In the context of ancient Indian society, Vansha, Gotra and
Upadhyaya was the one who adopted teaching as a profession
Kula are the words associated with the family system, but
to earn his livelihood and taught only a portion of Veda or
the word Kosa is related to the treasury.
Vedangas.
98. What is the total number of Sanskaras?
101. With reference to the difference between the culture
(a) 10 (b) 12
of Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley people, which of
(c) 15 (d) 16
the following statements is/are correct?
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
1. Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of mail and helmet
Ans. (d)
in warfare whereas the people of Indus Valley
There are total of sixteen Sanskars that have been described.
Civilization did not leave any evidence of using them.
Three are performed before birth, twelve during life and
2. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper
one after death. It seems that Upnayan Sanskar is the most
whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and
important and commonly performed, besides, of course, the
iron.
wedding ceremony and ritual after death.
3. Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse
99. "Ganga Dashehara" celebrated in which month and
whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley people
day according Hindu Calendar? having been aware of this animal.
(a) Tenth bright lunar day of Jyeshtha Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(b) Tenth bright lunar day of Chaitra (a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Tenth bright lunar day of Ashwin
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) Tenth bright lunar day of Magh
(d) 1,2 and 3
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
I.A.S. (Pre) 2017
Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)
Indian History General Studies B–47
Coat of mail and helmet made of gold and iron is mentioned Rudrak Ramputt. Gautama got enlightened in the might of
in Rigveda. Possibly they were used in warfare. Indus Valley Vaishakh Purnima after six years of continuous meditation
people were lacking in weapons and were possibly ruled by under a Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya at the age of 35. *After
a class of merchants. Indus valley civilization did not leave enlightenment, he was called ‘Buddha’. *Another name of
any evidence of using weapons. Therefore, statement 1 is
the Buddha is ‘Tathagat’, which means - whose truth is the
correct. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper. Indus
knowledge. *He was called ‘Shakyamuni’ due to his birth in
Valley people knew only copper and bronze. The use of iron
spread in North India between 1000 BC - 600 BC. Therefore, Shakya clan. *After enlightenment, Gautama Buddha started
statement 2 is wrong. Rigvedic Aryans owed their success preaching his opinion. *From Uruvela (Bodh Gaya) he first
in India to their use of horses and chariots and recently a reached Rishipattan (present-day Sarnath, Varanasi). There
site called Bhagwanpura has been excavated in Haryana (of he gave the first sermon to five Brahmin sanyasis. This first
Rigvedic period) where horse bones have also been found.
sermon was called ‘Dharmachakrapravartana’.
Evidence of the horse comes from a superficial level of
Mohanjo-daro and from a doubtful terracotta figurine from Symbols of Buddhism related to the life of Buddha –
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Lothal. The remains of the horse are reported from Surkotada, Events Symbols
situated in west Gujarat, and belong to around 2000 BC, Birth Lotus & Bull
but the identity is doubtful. In any case the Indus Valley Great Departure Horse
civilization was not horse centred. Therefore, statement 3 is (Mahabhinishkramana)
also wrong. So, the correct option is (a).
Enlightenment (Nirvana) Peepal (Bodhi tree)
*Gautama Buddha was born in Lumbini near Kapilavastu Death (Parinirvana) Stupa
in 563 BC. His father’s name was Shuddhodana who was
*He spent the second, third, and fourth year of rain at the Rajgrih.
the chief of the Shakya clan. His mother was Mayadevi or
Bimbisara, the Ruler of Magadha built a ‘Mahavihara’ called
Mahamaya who was from Koliyan clan. The childhood
‘Velavan’ for his residence.
name of Gautam Buddha was Siddhartha. A few days after
his birth, his mother died. Therefore, he was raised by his *Travelling from Rajgriha, Buddha reached Vaishali, the
aunt Prajapati Gautami. He was married at the age of 16 capital of Lichchhivi where he spent the fifth year of the
to Yashodhara, daughter of Shakya Clan. rain. *Lichchhivians built the famous ‘Kutagrasala’ in Mahavan
*In the later Buddhist texts, other names of Yashodhara for his residence. *Vaishali’s royal courtesan, Amrapali, became
are Gopa, Bimba, Bhadkachhana, etc. Their son’s name his disciple and provided his Amravatika for the residence of
the Buddhist monks. *In the eighth year of Enlightenment,
was Rahul. *Four scenes had a great impact on Buddha’s
Gautama Buddha permitted women to enter as Bhikshuni
life. These were an old man, a sick person, a deceased
into Buddhist Sangha at Vaishali on the advice of his beloved
and the blessed Saints. *Siddhartha decided to abandon
disciple Anand. *Buddha’s aunt (Mahaprajapati) who raised
his wife and children and left the home while they were
him as a mother was the first woman to enter the Buddhist Sangh.
sleeping. *At the time of renunciation, Siddhartha was *Devadatta was the cousin of Buddha. *Devadatta firstly became
29 years old. *Abandoning of home in Buddhist texts a follower and then became an enemy of Buddha. *He wanted
has been called ‘Mahabhinishkramana’. *He met the to remove Buddha from the Buddhist Sangh and become the
Acharya of Sankhya philosophy, Alar Kalam, near Vaishali. head of the Sangh himself, but he did not succeed in it. The most
Siddhartha reached Rajghrih and met another Dharmacharya propagated skill of Buddhism was in the Koshal state.
hand as a pendant over the right knee reaching towards the were called Vihara. *The word stupa has been used for the first
ground with the palm inward while touching the lotus throne. time in Rig Veda. In Rig Veda texts, stupa means “tree stem.”
In the meantime, the left hand can be seen with the palm up- Rigveda refers to a stupa raised by the king Varuna above the
right in his lap. This gesture represents the moment of the forest in a place having no foundation. Anything that is raised
Buddha's awakening as he claims the earth as the witness of on the ground like heap/pile might have been known as Stupa.
his enlightenment just before he realized enlightenment. It The Stupa at Bodhgaya is related to the enlightenment of Bud-
is believed that the demon Mara tried to frighten him with the dha. Sanchi Stupa is not related to any episode of Buddha’s life.
armies of demons which represent the defeat of Mara and his *In these stupas the remains of Buddha or his chief disciples
demonic army by Buddha. were kept, so they became the main centres of devotion and
*During the Buddhist period, some of the most important worship of the Buddhists. * Stupa has 4 types - 1. Sharirik
centres of learning in India were Nalanda, Vikramshila and (Body) Stupa, 2. Paribhaugik Stupa, 3. Uddheshika (Objective)
Vallabhi. These centres of learning were not only popular Stupas and 4. Pujarthak (Worshipping) Stupa.
among the different Janapadas from where students came for *Gautama Buddha is known as ‘Light of Asia’. The book
learning but also attracted students from abroad i.e. China, ‘Light of Asia’ on the life of Gautama Buddha was written by
Japan, Tibet and other countries of South-East Asia. *Some Edwin Arnold. Mahaparinirvana temple is located in Kushi-
of the educational centers like Taxila and Nalanda enjoyed nagar district of Uttar Pradesh. Statue of Lord Buddha in the
the status of Universities. *Nalanda was the main centre temple was obtained by excavation in 1876 AD. The statue of
for the education for Mahayana Buddhism and Vallabhi Lord Buddha is 6.10 meters high in this temple and is placed
for Hinayana Buddhism. *Vikramshila Mahavihara was in a lying pose. *This idol reflects the period when Lord Bud-
established by Pala King Dharmapala. *He also constructed dha at the age of 80 left his earthly body and became free from
temples and monasteries here. *The University of Nalanda came the bondage of death i.e Parinirvana. The difference between
into existence during the Gupta Period. Hinayana and Mahayana–
Mahayana Hinayana
• Mahayana literally means - 'Great Vehicle. • Hinayana literally means- the lesser vehicle.
• Buddha is considered a god. • Mahatma Buddha is considered a great man.
• It believes in soul and rebirth. • This is individualistic religion - According to this every
• It emphasizes on philanthropy and service. Its objective person should get salvation through his own efforts.
is the welfare of all mankind. • It does not believe in idol worship and devotion.
• Their principles are simple and accessible. In this, the • Its way of worship is very strict and it follows the monk life.
importance is given to the common devotees along with • Its aim is to attain 'Arhat'.
the monk. • Its major sects are Vaibhashika and Sautrantika.
(c) 558 B.C. (d) 544 B.C. Parth and Gudakesh were the names of Arjuna of Mahabharat.
M.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004 Mihir and Prachhanna were not the names of the Buddha.
Ans. (a) Hence intended answer is (e) but Chhattisgarh Public Service
Gautam Buddha, also known as Siddhartha (childhood name), Commission has declared option (b) as the correct answer in
was born in 563 B.C. in Shakya Kshatriya family in Lumbini initial answer key as well as in revised answer key.
near Kapilvastu (Nepal). His father’s name was Shuddhodana
6. From which inscriptions of the following dynasty
who was the chief of the Shakya clan. His mother was Mayadevi Lumbini was known as Buddha’s birthplace ?
who was from the ‘Koliyan clan.’ At the age of 29, he left his (a) Mauryan (b) Shung
home on his horse “Kantaka” accompanied by Channa and this (c) Satavahana (d) Kushan
was called as “Mahabhinishkramana”. He died at the age of 80 U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006
years in 483 B.C. at Kushinagar (the first capital city of Malla Ans. (a)
Kingdom) which is known as “Mahaparinirvana”. From the Mauryan dynasty emperor Ashoka’s Rummindei
2. Which of the events of Buddha’s life is known as ‘Ma- Pillar inscription, it is known that Lumbini is the birthplace of
habhinishkramana’? Gautam Buddha. According to this inscription King Ashoka
(a) His death came here (Lumbini) in the 20th year of his coronation and
(b) His birth worshipped the place where Shakya Muni was born. In ad-
(c) His departure from home dition to that, he also exempted Lumbini from tax as it was
(d) His attainment of enlightenment the birthplace of Gautam Buddha.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
7. Which one of the following inscriptions of Ashoka
Ans. (c)
confirms the tradition that Gautama Buddha was
See the explanation of above question.
born in Lumbini ?
3. Gautam Buddha’s Mother was from which clan ? (a) Basarh Pillar Inscription
(a) Shakya clan (b) Maya clan (b) Nigali Sagar Pillar Inscription
(c) Licchavis clan (d) Koliyan clan
(c) Rampurwa Pillar Inscription
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
(d) Rummindei Pillar Inscription
Ans. (d)
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (d)
8. The inscription of which one of the following kings gives 12. Gautam Buddha attained Nirvana at which place?
the information that Sakyamuni Buddha was born in (a) Kusinara (b) Shravasti
Lumbini ? (c) Lumbini (d) Sarnath
(a) Ashoka (b) Kanishka M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
(c) Harsha (d) Dharmapala Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011 Ans. (*)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004
Ans. (a) 13. Mahaparinirvana Temple is located at
(a) Kushinagar (b) Sarnath
See the explanation of above question.
(c) Bodh Gaya (d) Shravasti
9. Where did Mahatma Buddha’s ‘Mahaparinirvan’ take U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015
place? Ans. (a)
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(c) Balaputradeva (d) Chudamanivarmana Kalama could not teach Buddha anymore, and he said, “You
(e) None of the above/More than on of the above. are the same as I am now. There is no difference between
B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018 us. Stay here and take my place and teach my students with
Ans. (c) me.” Alara Kalama was an Acharya of Samkhya philosophy
Balaputradeva was the ruler of Suvarnabhumi who founded and was renowned for his spiritual strength.
a Buddhist monastery at Nalanda and requested Devapala
21. At which place did Mahatma Buddha give his first
through his ambassador to grant five villages for its
‘Dhammachakkhapavathana’?
maintenance.
(a) Lumbini (b) Sarnath
18. Where did Buddha reside during the last rainy season (c) Pataliputra (d) Vaishali
of his life? 53 to 55 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
rd th
See the explanation of above question. ence of Pindola Bharadwaj, Udayan turned to Buddhism and
26. ‘Dharmachakrapravartana’ was performed at – donated Ghoshit Ram Vihar to Bhikshu Sangh.
(a) Sanchi (b) Sravasti 31. First Buddhist Conference after the death of Buddha
(c) Sarnath (d) Vaishali
was presided over by:
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015
Ans. (c) (a) Mahakashyapa (b) Dharmasen
(c) Ajatashatru (d) Nagasen
See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
27. Gautam Buddha gave the maximum sermons at which Ans. (a)
place ?
The first Buddhist Council was held soon after the Ma-
(a) Vaishali (b) Shravasti
(c) Kaushambi (d) Rajgriha haparinirvana of the Buddha, under the patronage of King
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011 Ajatshatru with the monk Mahakasapa presided at Rajgriha,
Ans. (b) in the Saptaparni Cave. The idea was to preserve Buddha’s
teachings (Sutta) and rules for disciples (Vinaya). Ananda,
Most of the disciples of Gautama Buddha were from Kosala
region. He delivered his maximum sermons at Shravasti, the one of the great disciples of Buddha, recited Suttas and
capital of Kosala. Upali; another disciple recited Vinaya. Abhidhamma Pitaka
was also included.
28. Which philosophy accepts 'Triratna'?
(a) Buddhism (b) Nyaya philosophy 32. Who among the following conducted the first Bud-
(c) Yoga philosophy (d) Jainism dhist Council ?
(e) None of these (a) Ananda (b) Mahakassapa
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
(c) Moggaliputta Tissa (d) Upali
Ans. (a)
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
Triratna (Three jewels) is associated with Buddha philosophy. Ans. (b)
Here the three jewels are the Buddha, the Dhamma and the
Sangha. See the explanation of above question.
The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013
Kashmir under the patronage of Kushan King Kanishka and Ans. (a)
the president of this council was Vasumitra, with Ashvag-
See the explanation of above question.
hosa as his deputy president. This council distinctly divided
Buddhism into two sects, namely Mahayana and Hinayana. 40. Four Buddhist Councils were held in the following
35. Which of the following rulers convened the Fourth places. Arrange them in chronological order by using
Buddhist Council in Kashmir? the code given below :
(a) Ashoka (b) Ajatashatru 1. Vaishali 2. Rajgriha
(c) Kanishka (d) Kalashoka 3. Kundalavana 4. Pataliputra
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above Code :
66th B.P.S.C. (Pre.) 2020 (a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 4, 3, 2, 1
Ans. (c) (c) 2, 1, 3, 4 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
See the explanation of above question U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
36. ‘Mahayana’ sect and Buddhism emerged during the Ans. (d)
reign of – First Buddhist council was held soon after the death of Bud-
(a) Ajatshatru (b) Ashoka dha under the patronage of King Ajatashatru with the monk
(c) Dharmapala (d) Kanishka Mahakassapa presiding at Saptaparni Cave at Rajgriha. The
second council took place during the reign of Kalasoka after
I.A.S. (Pre) 1993
100 years of Buddha’s death in Vaishali and was presided
Ans. (d)
over by Sabakami. The third council was held during the
See the explanation of above question reign of Ashoka at Pataliputra, and the fourth council was
held during the reign of Kanishka at Kashmir (Kundalavana).
37. A Buddhist Council during the reign of Kanishka was
held at – 41. Second Buddhist Council was held at which place?
(a) Magadha (b) Pataliputra (a) Rajgriha (b) Vaishali
(c) Kashmir (d) Rajgriha (c) Pataliputra (d) Kashi (Varanasi)
47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005 U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains)2014
Ans. (c) Ans. (b)
See the explanation of above question. See the explanation of above question.
following cities.
(a) Nalanda (b) Gaya 48. Match List- I (Sign) with List II (Meaning) and select
(c) Rajgir (d) Bodhgaya the correct answer using the codes given below.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000 List-I (Sign) List –II (Meaning)
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 A. Birth 1. Bodhi tree
Ans. (c) B. First Sermon 2. Dharma Chakra
See the explanation of above question. C. Enlightenment 3. Horse
D. Great- Departure 4. Lotus
45. Second Buddhist- Council was organized by
Code :
(a) Ajatashatru (b) Kalasoka
A B C D
(c) Ananda (d) Ashoka
(a) 1 2 3 4
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994
(b) 4 3 2 1
Ans. (b)
(c) 3 4 1 2
See the explanation of above question. (d) 4 2 1 3
46. Four important events of Buddha’s life and thereby U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
related four places are mentioned below. Ans. (d)
Match Schedule- I and Schedule- II and select correct The correctly matched list is as follows :
answer from the codes given below - List - I - List - II
Schedule - I Schedule - II Birth - Lotus
A. Birth 1. Sarnath First Sermon - Dharma Chakra
B. Enlightenment 2. Bodhgaya Enlightenment - Bodhi Tree
C. First preaching 3. Lumbini Great- Departure - Horse
D. Death 4. Kushinagar
Code : 49. Karmapa Lama belongs to which of the following sects
A B C D of Tibetan Buddhism?
(a) Gelugpa (b) Kangyupa
(a) 1 2 4 3
(c) Sakyapa (d) Lingamapa
(b) 2 3 1 4
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
(c) 3 2 1 4 Ans. (b)
(d) None of the above.
Karmapa Lama belongs to the Kangyupa sects of Tibetan
41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996
Buddhism.
Ans. (c)
B–56 General Studies Indian History
50. Which of the following statements is/are correct about The present tree which we see was planted by the orders of
Lord Buddha?
Alexander Cunningham and called the fifth generation tree.
1. He was born in Kapilvastu.
2. He attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya. It is a heritage site and only fallen leaves of this tree are al-
3. He discarded the Vedic religion. lowed to touch and pick.
4. He preached noble truths
53. Which of the following Buddhist sacred place is situ-
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
ated on the Bank of River Niranjana.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (a) Bodhgaya (b) Kushinagar
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 (c) Lumbini (d) Rishipatan
Ans. (d) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born in 563 Ans. (a)
BC in Lumbini (now in Nepal) in Shakya Kshatriya clan of The Buddhist sacred place, Bodhgaya where Buddha got
Kapilavastu. He believed in the theory of Karma. Buddha enlightenment, is situated on the bank of river Niranjana.
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51. Mahabodhi Temple has been built at Bodh Gaya where- The teachings of Mahatma Buddha is mainly based on the
(a) Gautama Buddha was born purity and holiness of conduct.
(b) Gautama Buddha received enlightenment
55. Who among the following wanted to become the leader
(c) Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon
of the Sangha even during the lifetime of Buddha –
(d) Gautama Buddha passed away
(a) Devadatta (b) Mahakassapa
45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001
Ans. (b) (c) Upali (d) Ananda
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
For full six years, Gautama sought a due solution to the
sufferings, ultimately he got enlightenment at the age of 35
Ans. (a)
years at Bodhgaya under Pipal tree on a Vaisakh Purnima
night. Hence he was called “Buddha.” Mahabodhi temple Devadatta, the cousin of Mahatma Buddha, in his early days,
was built at this site. he was a follower of Buddha and a good monk as well. But
52. The ‘Bodhi Vriksh’ in Bodh Gaya belongs to which later he tried to become the leader of Sangha in place of
generation of its family
Buddha but did not succeed. From the beginning, he was
(a) Third (b) Fourth
(c) Fifth (d) Sixth thinking to become the leader of Sangha.
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008 56. Whom of the following did Gautam Buddha nominate
Ans. (c)
for the leadership of Buddhist Sangha after his death?
At present, the ‘Bodhi Vriksha’ at the Mahabodhi temple is (a) Ananda (b) Mahakassapa
not the real one, where Mahatma Buddha got the enlighten- (c) Upali (d) None of the above
ment. According to the Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller, king Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
Shashank destroyed the original tree in the seventh century. Ans. (d)
The first Buddhist council was held just after the death (Ma- Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
haparinirvana) of Lord Buddha during the tenure of Magadh Ans. (a)
king Ajatshatru in the Saptakarni caves of Rajgriha (Rajgir).
Adi Shankaracharya was one of the greatest philosophers of
58. The concept of Eightfold path forms the theme of : Hinduism. Adi Shankaracharya is sometimes called a crypto-
(b) Divyavadana took away many of its concepts and merged in the mainstream
(c) Mahaparinibban Hinduism. Hence, Buddhism lost its unique appeal and after
(d) Dharma Chakra Pravartana Sutta external invasions on Buddhist monasteries, Buddhism had
I.A.S. (Pre) 1998 to leave India and take refuge in Tibet, China and other
Ans. (d) southeast Asian countries.
The concept of ‘eight-fold’ path forms the theme of Dharma
62. What is “Tripitaka”?
Chakra Pravartana Sutta. Buddha has given the eight-fold
(a) Three monkeys of Gandhiji
path to get rid of miseries of life and attain Nirvana.
(b) Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh
59. Which of the following is/are true about Gautam Buddha. (c) Triratnas of Mahavira
1. He believes in “Karma” (d) Collection of the preachings of Buddha
2. He believes in rebirth U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003
3. Attaining Nirvana
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
4. Belief in the power of God
Ans. (d)
Code :
(a) Only 1, 2, 3 (b) Only 1, 2 Tripitaka is the most important holy book of Buddhism. It has
been divided into three parts, namely, Sutta Pitaka – consists
(c) Only 1 (d) All are true
of sermons and teachings of Buddha, Vinaya Pitaka – the
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
collection of the rules governing the Sangha and monks and
Ans. (a) Abhidhamma Pitaka - which deals with the philosophy of
Mahatma Buddha believed in the doctrine of “Karma.” He Buddhism.
used to believe in the concept of rebirth and attainment of 63. Tripitakas are the sacred books of the
Nirvana but did not believe in the existence of God and his (a) Jains
power. Budha believes in rebirth. Previous life of buddha is (b) Hindus
recorded in Jataka. (c) Parsees
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 77. “World is unstable and transient “ is related to which
Ans. (a) of the following?
The word stupa has been used for the first time in Rig Veda. (a) Buddhism (b) Jainism
In Rig Veda texts, stupa means “tree stem.” Rigveda refers to (c) Gita (d) Vedanta
a stupa raised by the king Varuna above the forest in a place U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
having no foundation. Anything that is raised on the ground Ans. (a)
like heap/pile might have been known as Stupa. Impermanence also called as Anitya, is one of the essential
doctrines and a part of three marks of existence in Buddhism.
74. The Stupa site which is not connected with any inci-
dent of Lord Buddha’s life, is : The doctrine asserts that all of the conditioned existence,
(a) Sarnath (b) Sanchi without exception, is transient, evanescent and inconstant.
(c) Bodhgaya (d) Kusinara All temporal things, whether material or mental, are com-
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011 pounded objects in a continuous change of condition subject
to decline and destruction.
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
Ans. (b) 78. Who advocated 'Neo-Buddhism'?
The Stupa at Bodhgaya is related to the enlightenment of (a) Radhakrishnan (b) Tagore
Buddha. Sarnath is related to Dharma Chakra Pravartana (c) Ambedkar (d) Vivekananda
and Kushinagar or Kusinara is related to the death of Bud- Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
dha while Sanchi Stupa is not related to any incident of Ans. (c)
Buddha’s life.
Navayana/Neo-Buddhism means "new Vehicle" and refers
75. It was also ancient name of world famous tourist
destination of Sanchi to the re-interpretation of Buddhism by B.R. Ambedkar.
(a) Kaknam (b) Vetravati Navayana rejects practices and precepts such as renouncing
(c) Besnagari (d) Dashpura monk and monasticism, Karma, re-birth after life, samsara,
meditation, enlightenment and four noble truths considered
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2020 to be foundational in the Buddhist traditions. It revises the
Ans (a)
original buddha teachintgs about class struggle and social
Sanchi is one of the prominent spot for Buddhist tourism in
equality.
India. It is located at Sanchi in Raisen district of the Madhya
Pradesh. Sanchi, popularly known as Kaknam, Kakanaya, 79. Who among the following is known as the ‘Light of Asia’?
Kakanadabota and Bota-Sriparvata in ancient times, has (a) Gautama Buddha (b) Mahatma Gandhi
a singular distinction of having remarkable specimen of
Buddhist art and architecture right from early Mauryan (c) Mahavir Swami (d) Swami Vivekanand
period. Unesco world heritage site 'Mahastupa' (great stupa) U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
stands here. Ans. (a)
I.A.S. (Pre) 1994 demon Mara tried to frighten him with the armies of demons
Ans. (c) which represents the defeat of Mara and his demonic army
by Buddha.
The Gandharan Buddha image was inspired by Hellenistic
realism, tempered by Persian, Scythian and Parthian models. 91. Sarnath Buddha image of Bhumisparsha Mudra
The main subject of this art is based on the life of Buddha. belongs to –
The images consist of Dharma Chakra posture, Meditation (a) Maurya period (b) Shunga period
posture, Abhaya posture and Varada postures of Gautama (c) Kushana period (d) Gupta period
Buddha. U.P.P.C.S.(Mains)2009
Ans. (d)
89. The standing statue of Gautam Buddha was built in
which period? The Bhumisparsha Mudra of Gautama Buddha at Sarnath be-
(a) Gupta period (b) Kushana Period longs to the Gupta period. This mudra represents steadfastness.
(c) Maurya Period (d) Guptotar Period The “Dhyani Buddha Akshobhya” also is associated with the
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992 earth witness mudra because he was immovable in keeping a
Ans. (b) vow never to feel anger or disgust at others. The mudra also
symbolizes the union of skilful means (upaya), symbolized
In India, the Gandhara art flourished during the Kushana rule.
by the right hand touching the earth and wisdom (prajna),
Particularly Kanishka, the greatest of the Kushanas was a
symbolized by the left hand on the lap in a meditation posture.
great patron of art and architecture. It was during his reign that
Gandhara school of art flourished. Both sitting and standing 92. With reference to the cultural history of India, consider
posture of Buddha’s statues were carved out in the Mathura
the following pairs :
school. The Kushana art of Gandhara is mainly known for the
1. Parivrajaka - Renunciant and
wealth of sculptures recovered from the numerous Buddhist
stupas and monasteries. Wanderer
2. Shramana - Priest with a high
90. Lord Buddha’s image is sometimes shown with the hand status
gesture called ;’Bhumisparsha Mudra ‘. It symbolizes. 3. Upasaka - Lay follower of
(a) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to watch over Mara and Buddhism
to prevent Mara from disturbing his meditation Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
(b) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to witness his purity and (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
chastity despite the temptations of Mara (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Mahaparinirvana took place in Kushinagar. Therefore both Which of the statements given below is/are correct?
Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (c) 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
I.A.S. (Pre.) 2020
95. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
Ans. (b)
1. Lothal : Ancient dockyard
Sthaviravadins belong to the Hinyana set of Buddhism.
2. Sarnath : First Sermon of Buddha
Lokottaravadin sect was an offshoot of the Mahasanghika sect
3. Rajgir : Lion capital of Ashoka
4. Nalanda : Great seat of Buddhist learning of Buddhism while deification of Buddha by Mahasanghikas
Select the correct answer using the code given below : fostered the Mahayana Buddhism.
Code : 98. Consider the following :
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 3 and 4 1. Deification of the Buddha
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 2 2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas
118. Both Jainism and Buddhism believe that: (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None of the above
(a) Philosophy of karma and transmigration of soul were U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998
correct Ans. (c)
(b) Salvation could be possible only after death Although Buddhism had accepted the caste system up to
(c) Both men and women could attain salvation
some extent but they challenged the social rank of Brahmins
(d) Middle course of life was the best one
who were at the top during that period. In Buddhism, some
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
of the castes were placed as low.
Ans. (a)
121. Anatmavada (no-self) is the doctrine of
Both Buddhism and Jainism believe in the concept of Karma, (a) Sankhya (b) Vedanta
which states that our past actions affect our present and future (c) Buddhism (d) Jainism
life. One could do evil in this life and be reborn as a worm (e) None of these
in the next life. Similarly, afflictions in this life are often Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
explained away as the effects of Karma of a previous life Ans. (c)
(or from misdeeds earlier in this life). Both of them believe
in the philosophy of Karma and rebirth. Anatman or Anatmavada (the doctrine that atman or "I" does
not exist) is the doctrine of Buddhism.
119. According to philosophy of Buddhism :
122. The reason included in the expansion of Buddhism–
Assertion (A) : Rejected the concept of Rebirth.
1. The simplicity of religion
Reason (R) : Soul is mortal.
2. Special appeal towards Dalits
Choose the correct option:
3. Missionary concept of religion
(a) (A) and (R) both are true, and (R) is the proper
explanation of (A). 4. Regional language
(b) (A) and (R) both are true, and (R) is not the proper 5. The soundness of Vedic spirit by Philosophers–
explanation of (A). Code :
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is untrue. (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(d) (A) is untrue, but (R) is true. (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3, 4 and 5
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009
Ans. (d) Ans. (c)
Pratiyasamutpada is the essence of Buddhist teachings. The main reason for the spread of Buddhism was its
The invincibility of Vedas and immortalization of soul simplicity. Its eight-fold path known as ‘Arya-Satya’ and
propounded by Brahmin Grantha’s was inadmissible in
Buddhism. Even though they rejected the immortalization concept of non-violence were simple and understandable
Through this doctrine, the Buddha expounded the basic (b) Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the
principle of impermanence. dwelling place of the monks
(c) Chaitya is the stupa at the far end of the cave, while
124. Why did Buddhism start declining in India in the early
Vihara is the hall axial to it
medieval times ?
(d) There is no material difference between the two
1. Buddha was by that time considered as one of the
I.A.S. (Pre) 2013
incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a part of
Ans. (b)
Vaishnavism.
2. The invading tribes from Central Asia till the See the explanation of above question.
time of last Gupta king adopted Hinduism and
127. Consider the following statements:
persecuted Buddhists.
1. The early chaityagrihas and viharas of Guntuphalli
3. The Kings of Gupta dynasty were strongly opposed
in West Godavari district are rock cut.
to Buddhism.
2. The chaityas and Viharas of Eastern Deccan are
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
usually rock cut.
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3
Of these statements:
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) Only 1 is correct
I.A.S. (Pre) 2010
(b) Only 2 is correct
Ans. (a)
Buddhism started declining in India in the early medieval (c) Both 1 and 2 are correct
times because Buddha was by that time considered as (d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
one of the incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a part U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
of Vaishnavism. The Kings of the Gupta dynasty were Ans. (a)
not opposed to Buddhism even though they supported Guntuphalli is in west Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh.
Brahmanical faith. Statement (2) and (3) are not correct.
It has rock cut Chaityas and Viharas. There are pieces
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
of evidence of construction of chaitya and viharas from
125. Consider the following statements, what is the 2-49 century BC to 5-6 century AD. Chaitya and Viharas
difference between chaityas and viharas.
of eastern Deccan are generally constructed using bricks.
(a) Viharas is a place of worship while chaitya is dwelling
Pieces of evidence of Buddhist architecture built using
place of the Buddhist monks.
bricks is found in large number from Nagarjunkaond,
(b) Chaitya is a place of worship while Vihar is a dwelling
place. Bejwada, Moli, Ghantshala, Amravati and Chejali etc.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2018 Chetaka, the head of Lichchhavi Republic.* Mahavir Swamy’s
Ans. (c) childhood name was Vardhaman. *His wife’s name was
Yashoda (daughter of Kundinya Gotra). They had a daughter
Maitreya makes his first appearance in Buddhist scriptures
named Anojja (Priyadarshana). She was married to Jamali.
in the Lakkavatti Sutta of Pali Tripitika. In this sutta, the
*The word 'Kaivalya' is used for ‘Complete knowledge ‘ in
Buddha spoke of a future time in which the dharma is en-
Jain religion. Mahavira Swami obtained the Kaivalya (complete
tirely forgotten. Eventually, "Another Buddha- Maitreya
knowledge) under a tree of ‘ Sal ‘ on the bank of Rijupalika
will gain awakening, his monastic Sangh numbering in
river near Jrimbhik village. Therefore he is called Kevalin. After
the thousand, the Buddha said. This is the only time the
Kaivalya he was called Kevalin, Arhat (Yogya), Jin (Vijeta) and
historical Buddha is recorded as mentioning Maitreya.
Nirgranth (Bandhan Rahit).
130. Which one of the following statements is correct?
*After attaining Kaivalya, Mahavira Swami started propagating
(a) Ajanata Caves lie in the gorge of Waghora river.
(b) Sanchi Stupa lies in the gorge of Chambal river. his principles. *Lichchhavi Chief of Vaishali, Chetaka, who
(c) Pandu-lena Cava Shrines lie in the gorge of Narmada was his uncle, made a major contribution in the promotion of
river. Jainism. *Makkhali Gosala was a disciple of Mahavira in the
(d) Amaravati Stupa lies in the gorge of Godavari river. early period, but later he fell-out with of Mahavira due to the
I.A.S. (Pre.) 2021 difference of opinion and founded his own creed “Ajivaka.”.
Ans (a)
The belief of the sect is known as ‘Niyatiwad’ according
Ajanta Caves are in the rocky northern wall of the V-shaped to which every matter in the world is being controlled and
gorge of the Waghora river. Hence option (a) is correct.
operated by destiny (fate).
These caves are approximately 30 rock-out Buddhist cave
*In Jain philosophy, the people (e.g. monks) are very keen
monuments in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
to uplift their souls and hence they sacrifice all worldly
Jain Religion enjoyments and adopt five great ‘Vratas’ (vows) – Ahimsa,
Satya, Brahmacharya, Asteya and Aparigraha. *These
*Jain is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘jin’ which means the Mahavrata’s are difficult to practice by average human be-
winner. *Founders of Jainism are called ‘Tirthankara’ while ings. So they follow Anuvratas i.e. Ahimsa Anuvrat, Satya
Jain Mahatmas are called ‘Nirgranth’. *Jainism is considered Anuvrat, Brahmacharya Anuvrat, Asteya Anuvrat, and
Aparigraha Anuvrat.
to have a total of 24 Tirthankars who propagated Jainism from
*Mahavira Swami was the 24 and the last Tirthankara of Jain
time to time. They are - 1. Rishabhdev, 2. Ajitnath, 3. Samb-
religion. He denied the unmanliness of Vedas and opposed
hav-nath, 4. Abhinandan, 5. Sumatinath, 6. Padmaprabha, 7.
related social-cultural traditions. By leaving the exclusive
Suparshvanath, 8. Chandraprabha, 9. Pushpadant (Suvidhi- belief of selfish and atheists, he accepted the middle path
nath), 10. Sheetalnath, 11. Shreyansa-nath, 12. Vasupujya 13. known as ‘Anekantavad’ or ‘Syadvad’. Syadvad is also
Vimalnath, 14. Anantnath, 15. Dharmanath, 16 Shantinath, known as the name of Saptabhangi Naya, which means
17. Koonthunath 18. Aranath, 19. Mallinath, 20. Munisuvrata, knowledge is relative.
Rishabhdev Bull learnt. Venerable Sthulabhadra and most of those who stayed
Ajitnath Elephant in the north used to cover their bodies with a plain, white cloth;
Sambhavnath Horse while those who had migrated with Bhadrabahuswami were
Padmaprabha Lotus mostly unclad. The latter took pride in their being true unclad
Suparshvanath Sathiya (Swastik) followers of the Lord and in due course came to be known as
Mallinath Kalash (Urn) Digamabars which means skyclad. Those on the other side
Naminath Nilkamal (Blue lotus) came to be known as Shwetambars on account of white cloth
Neminath Shankha (Lonch) that they wore.
Parshvanath Snake *First Jain Sabha was held in Pataliputra in the fourth century
Mahavira Swami Lion (310 BC) presided by Sthulbhadra. In this meeting, 12 Angas
*Three means are said to be important for attaining ‘ Moksha of Jainism were compiled. The followers of Bhadrabhu did
‘ in Jain philosophy : Right Belief, Right Conduct and Right not participate in this council. *The second Jain assembly was
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knowledge. These three are also called ‘Ratnatraya’ in Jain held in the sixth century (512 AD) in Vallabhi and presided by
Religion. Freedom from the bondage and effect of evil omens Devardhigan or Kshamashraman. In the second Jain Sabha, a
called Sanvar Tattva to make the spirit free from the bondage
compilation of 12 Angas, 12 Upanga, 10 Prakirna, 6 Chedsutras,
of all. The destruction of Karma is the Nirjara element. *When
4 Mulsutra, 2 Chulikasutra were compiled.
the remains of karma in the life are exhausted, then it attains
*Jain literature is called ‘Aagam’ (Principle). It consists of 12
‘Moksha’. *‘Anant Chattushtya’ in Jainism is ‘Anant Gyan’
Angas, 12 Upanga, 10 Prakiran, 6 Chedsutras, 4 Mulsutra, 2
(infinite knowledge), ‘Anant Darshan’ (infinite perception),
‘Anant Virya’ (infinite power) and ‘Anant Anand’ (infinite Chulikasutra. The twelve Angas have an important place in Jain
bliss). Agam. These are Acharanga-Sutra, Sutrakrtanga, Sthananga,
*Mahavira Swamy established a Sangh during his Samavayanga, Bhagavati Vyakhyaprajnapti. Jnatrdharmakatha,
Upasakadasah, Antakrddasah, Anuttaraupapatikadasah, Pras-
lifetime. *There were 11 major followers in this Sangh. They
navyakarana, Vipaksruta and Dristivada. *There is a related
were called ‘Ganadhar’. Their names are - Indrabhuti,
'Upanga' of every 12 Anga. These include the description of
Agnibhuti, Vayubhuti (three brothers), Arya Vyakta, Sudharman,
the universe, classification of beings, astronomy, time division,
Mandita, Mauryaputra, Akampita, Achalbhrata, Metarya and
description of posthumous life etc. *10 Prakirna are the supple-
Prabhasa. *After the death of Mahavira, Sudharman became the
ment to major texts.
first president of Jain Sangha. *After the death of Sudharman,
*There are 6 'Chedsutra'. These contains a compilation of
Jambu remained the president of Sangh for 44 years. *At the
rules of Jain monks. Six Chedsutra are- Jitakalpa, Brihatkalpa,
time of the last Nand Ruler, Sambhootvijay and Bhadrabahu
Nishith, Mahnishith, Vyavhar (Behavior) and Aachar Dasha.
were the presidents of Sangha. These two were the last
There are four Moolsutra. These contain sermons of Jainism,
person to know about the ancient Jain texts of the 14 Purvas
given by Mahavira. *After Lord Mahavira’s departure, when life in the forest, duties of the monks, rules of Yam, etc. *The
Bhadrabahuswami was the head of the religious order and Nand four Moolsutra are - Dashvaikalik, Utaradhyayan, Shadav-
dynasty was ruling over Magadha, Pataliputra the capital city shayak and Pindniryukti or Pakshik Sutra.
became the centre of learning and knowledge. At that time, *The two Chulikasutras (Nandi-sutra and Anuyagadvara-Sutra)
there occurred a severe famine that seems to have raged for 12 are independent texts of Jains, which are a kind of encyclopedia
long years. During that period of shortage and scarcity, it was * In these texts moral stories have been written for monks. *In
hard for Jain monks to observe the code of conduct laid down the Jain literature, the Grandson of Ashoka, Samprati, is de-
by the Lord. Bhadrabahuswami, therefore, decided to migrate scribed as the patron of Jainism. *Ujjain became a major centre
to the South along with many followers. For those who stayed of Jain religion during his rule. *The second major centre of
*Dilawara Jain temple of Mount Abu is made of marbles. *It of Jainism, which is held at Shravanabelagola in Karnataka
was built by the Samanta Vimalshah of Chalukya (Solanki) State every 12 years.
The word ‘Kaivalya’ is used for ‘Complete knowledge’ in the (Tirthankar) - (Nirvan Place)
Jain religion. Mahavira Swami obtained Kaivalya (complete (a) Rishabhanath - Ashtapad
(b) Vasupujya - Sammedashikhar
knowledge) under a tree of ‘Sal’ on the bank of Rijupalika
(c) Neminath - Urjayanta
river near Jrimbhik village, after the rough austerity and (d) Mahavira - Pavapuri
practice of 12 years. Therefore he is called ‘Kevlin.’
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021
15. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer Ans (b)
using the codes given below:
List-I List-II ) Vasupujya (Father of Vasupujya Bhagwan) was the
(Tirthankara) (Cognizance) king of Champa town in the Bharat sub-continent. His
A. Adinatha 1. Bull queen was Jaya Devi. Besides being a great warrior
B. Mallinatha 2. Horse King Vasupujya was a compassionate and charitable
C. Parshavanatha 3. Snake person. The queen too was benevolent and she inspired
D. Sambhavnatha 4. Water Jar the king in his charitable activities.
Code : ) Padmottar was born to queen Jaya Devi. It is said that
A B C D when the queen was pregnant, the king of gods came to
(a) 1 4 3 2 convey his veneration to the future Tirthankar and his
(b) 1 3 2 4 mother. As Indra is also known as Vasu, the new born
(c) 3 1 4 2 was named Vasupujya (Venerated by Vasu).
(d) 3 1 4 2 ) He attained Kevala Jnana within one month of Tapsya
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 and Moksha at Champapuri, of Bihar in India on the
Ans. (a) fourteenth day of the bright half of the month of Ashadh.
The correctly matched list is as follows – 18. The doctrine of three jewels-Right faith, Right action
and Right Knowledge, is the crowning glory of :
Tirthankaras Cognizance
(a) Buddhism (b) Christianity
Adinatha - Bull (c) Jainism (d) None of these
Mallinatha - Water Jar U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
Parshavanatha - Snake Ans. (c)
Sambhavnatha - Horse
Three means are said to be important for ‘Moksha’ in Jain
16. Match list-I with list-II and choose the correct answer
philosophy: Right faith, Right action and Right knowledge.
from the code given below –
These are known as ‘Triratna’ in Jain religion. Freedom from
List-I List-II
the bondage and effect of evil omens is called Sanvar Tattva to
(Tirthankara) (Their cognition)
make the spirit free from the bondage of all. The destruction
A. Parshvanath (i) Bull
B. Adinath (ii) Lion of Karma is the Nirjara element.
denied the unmanliness of Vedas and opposed related social- (a) Universal Law (b) Universal Truth
cultural traditions and humbugs. By leaving the exclusive (c) Universal Faith (d) Universal Soul
belief of selfists and atheists, he accepted the middle path I.A.S. (Pre) 2011
known as ‘Anekantavad’ or ‘Syadvad’. Syadvad is also
Ans. (a)
known as the name of Saptabhangi Naya, which means
knowledge is relative. As per Jain belief universal law is the essential and real form
22. Which of the following Doctrines are associated with of the universe. The universe and all its substances are eternal
Jainism? (everlasting). All substances gradually change. Previous
(i) Anekantavada (ii) Sarvastivada forms give way to new ones without losing their inherent
(iii) Sunyavada (iv) Syadvada qualities. Jains believe that the universe is without beginning
Select the correct answer using the code given below –
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iv) or end. The universe did not begin and end at any time. There
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iii) is no need of some almighty to create or manage the affairs
of the universe. The universe runs on itself according to its
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) 2021
Ans (a) cosmic laws (laws of nature).
Jainism is also known as the religion of Ahimsa (non- was born to King Asvasena and Queen Vama of Varanasi in
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violence). Ahimsa supersedes all concepts, ideologies, rules, 850 BC. He belonged to the Ikshvaku dynasty. He lived as
customs and practices. Ahimsa, Anekantvad and Aparigraha the formal prince of Varanasi and at the age of thirty, he
are the cardinal principles of Jainism. renounced the world to become a monk. He meditated for 84
29. Yapaniya was the sect of- days before attaining Kevala Jnana. He achieved Parinirvana
at Sammed Sikhar that’s why this place is also known as a
(a) Buddhist (b) Jainism
place of pilgrimage for Jains.
(c) Shaivists (d) Vaishnavists
U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010 33. Which one of the following is not a part of early Jain
Ans. (b) literature?
(a) Therigatha
Yapaniya was a sect of Jain religion; which is believed to
(b) Acarangasutra
have originated from Digambaras. However, they also used
(c) Sutrakritanga
to follow certain Shwetambar opinions. The Yapaniyas
(d) Brihatkalpasutra
worshipped nude images of the Tirthankaras in their temples.
I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
30. Which of the following is the earliest holy book of Jain? Ans. (a)
(a) Twelve Angas (b) Twelve Upangas
The Therigatha is a Buddhist scripture in which the early nuns
(c) Fourteen Purvas (d) Fourteen Uppurva
(bhikshunis) recount their struggles and accomplishments
40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
along the road to spiritual attainment. Their stories are told
Ans. (c)
with often heart-breaking honesty and beauty, revealing the
The Fourteen Purvas is the ancient Jain scripture, which was deeply human side of these extraordinary women and thus
preached by all Tirthankaras. At the time of the last Nand serve as inspiring reminders of our potential to follow in their
Ruler, Sambhootvijay and Bhadrabahu were the presidents footsteps. Rest are the part of Jain scriptures.
of the Sangha. These two were the last to possess knowledge
34. Who was the first founder of Shwetambar creed during
about the ancient Jain texts 14 purvas given by Mahavira.
the first partition of Jain creed?
31. In which one of the following languages was the earliest (a) Sthulabhadra
Jain literature compiled? (b) Bhadrabahu
(a) Ardh-Magadhi (b) Paali (c) Kalakacharya
(c) Prakrit (d) Sanskrit (d) Deverdhi Kshama Sharaman
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999
Ans. (a) Ans. (a)
at Vallabhi
with Bhadrabahuswami were mostly unclad. The latter
took pride in their being true unclad followers of the Lord (a) Statement I and Statement II both are true
and in due course came to be known as Digamabars which (b) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
means skyclad. Those on the other side came to be known (c) Statement I and Statement II both are false
as Shwetamabars on account of white cloth that they wore. (d) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
35. The first disciple of Lord Mahavir was – Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020
(a) Jamali (b) Yashoda Ans. (d)
(c) Bipin (d) Prabhash The Shvetambara Canon includes 12 Angas. These are
47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005 Canonical traits of Jainism based on Mahavira's teaching.
Ans. (a)
Their compilation happened at 1st council held at Patliputra
Among the early visitors to Mahavira during his wandering
about 310 BC. Hence option (d) is correct.
was Jamali, his son-in- law. Jamali met Mahavira while
the later was in Kshatriya- Kundagram, the village where 39. Consider the following statements :
Mahavira was born. He took the vow together with five 1. Vardhamana Mahavira’s mother was the daughter
hundred of the warrior caste. Jamali was the first disciple of of Lichchhavi King Chetaka
Lord Mahavira. 2. Gautama Buddha’s mother was a princess from
36. Who was the first follower of Mahavira? the Koliyan dynasty
(a) Jamali (b) Yashoda 3. Parshvanatha, the twenty-third Tirthankara,
(c) Aanojja (d) Trishala belonged to Banaras
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
Which of these statements is/are correct?
Ans. (a)
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
See the explanation of above question.
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
37. Svetambara Agama was finally edited at the Jain I.A.S. (Pre) 2003
Council of – Ans. (c)
(a) Vaishali (b) Balabhi Mahavira was born in 599 BC in a village named
(c) Pawa (d) Pataliputra
Kundagram near Vaishali in Bihar. Mahavira’s original name
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
Ans. (d) was Vardhamana. His father Siddhartha was the head of the
as the only truth. Both Vedanta and Vishistadvaita Vedanta give south India were the exclusive worshiper of Shiva. Chola ruler
supremacy to Bhakti (devotion toward God). Mimamsa has Rajaraj I built the Raj Rajeshwar temple in Tanjore.
only propounded the Karma. *Kulotung-I was a staunch follower of Shaiva Religion. He has
*The Rathyatra is celebrated every year at Puri, Orissa on dwity overthrown the statue of Vishnu established at the Chidambaram
of Shukla Paksha of Ashadha month with all due respect to Lord temple into the sea due to his reverence for Shiva. *Twelve Jy-
Jagannath (Krishna), Balram (Balbhadra) and Subhadra. otirlingas related to Shaiva religion are situated in different parts
of the country. These are Somnath, Nageshwar (near Dwarka),
Major temples related to Vaishnavism – Kedarnath (Uttarakhand), Vishwanath (Kashi), Vaidyanath (parli,
Temple Place Maharashtra), Mahakaleshwar (Ujjain), Omkareshwar (M.P.),
Jagannath Temple Puri (Odisha) Bhimshankar (Nashik) Trayambakeshwar (Nashik), Ghushmesh-
Dashavtara Temple Deogarh (U.P.) var, Mallikarjuna (Andhra Pradesh), Rameswaram (TN).
There are four Shaiv sects mentioned in Vaman Purana. These
Vishnu Temple (Kankali Devi Temple) Tigawa (M.P.)
are Shaiva, Pashupati, Kapalik and Kalamukh. Pashupati
Vishnu Temple Eran (M.P.) community was originated in the second century B.C. Ac-
Dwarikadhish Temple Mathura (U.P.) cording to Puranas, the sect was founded by a Brahmachari
Dwarikadhish Temple Dwarka (Gujarat) named Lukulish or Lukuli. The followers of this sect consider
Lakulish as the incarnation of Shiva. The devotees of the
*Religion devoted to Shiva is called ‘Shaiva Dharma’. The Kapalik sect-worshipped Bhairav as an incarnation of Shiva
worshipers of Shiva were called ‘Shaiva’. Shaiva is the oldest and worship him. The followers of this philosophy used to
eat meat, put ashes of the cremations on their body, and wear
religion in India. It is related to the prehistoric age. *People of the Narmund in hand.
Indus Valley worshipped Shiva. The proof of this was a stamp *Vasav is considered the founder of the Lingayat sect of
from Mohanjodaro, on which there was a figure of the Yogi. Shaivism. Nathpanth sect was started by Matsyendra Nath
at the end of the tenth century believing Shiva as Adinath.
On the head of Yogi there is a Trishul like jewellery and it has
Baba Gorakhnath had promoted this sect in the tenth and
three faces. Marshal related it to Rudra Shiva. *In Rig Veda, eleventh century.
Shiva has been called ‘Rudra’, who was famous for his ferocity.
Major Temple related to Shaivism–
Rudra has been called the God of the universe in Shatarudriya
Temples Places
Mantra of the Vajasenayi Samhita. In Atharvaveda, he has Raj Rajeshwar Temple Tanjore (Tamil Nadu)
been called Pashupati, Bhav, Bhupati etc. *Mahabhashya of Shiv Temple Bhomara (M.P.)
Patanjali reveals that in the second century BC, Shiva’s idol Nataraj Temple Chidambaram (Tamil Nadu)
was worshipped. Various names of Shiva were mentioned in Virupaksha Temple Hampi (Karnataka)
Mahabashya. Vishwanath Temple Varanasi (UP)
popular in the Indus civilization. A number of the statues of Ardhanarishvara is a composite androgynous form of the
Mother Goddess have been found in excavation. Vedic litera- Hindu God Shiva and his consort Parvati. Ardhanarishvara
is depicted as half male and half female, split down the
ture provides information about the Goddess like Saraswati
middle. The right half is usually the male Shiva, illustrating
Aditi, Usha, Lakshmi etc. A detailed description of the Goddess
his traditional attributes. Ardhanarishvara represents the
Mahatmya is found in Mahabharata and Puranas. synthesis of masculine and feminine energies of the universe
Major Temple related to Shakti Sect – and illustrates how Shakti, the female principle of God, is
inseparable from Shiva, the male principle of God.
Temples Places
4. Who were Nayanars?
Vaishno Devi Temple Jammu
(a) Shaiva (b) Shakta
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10. Who were the first to worship Vasudeva Krishna : 14. The earliest archival evidence related to Bhagavat
(a) Bhagavatas (b) Vedic Aryans Religion is-
(c) Tamilians (d) Abhirs (a) Allahabad’s inscription of Samudragupta
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997 (b) Besnagar’s inscription of Heliodorus
(c) Bhitri’s inscription of Skanda Gupta
Ans. (a)
(d) Mehrauli’s pillar inscription
Under the Bhagavata religion, the initial form of Vaishnavism U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008
is shown in the worship of Lord Krishna, the son of Devaki. Ans. (b)
The initial name of Krishna was prevalent in the Panini
See the explanation of above question.
age. The worshippers of Vasudev were known as Vasudevak
(Bhagavata) in that age. According to Indian belief, Lord 15. The earliest known epigraphic evidence of Bhagvatism
Krishna is considered as a supreme personality and has been is :
worshipped since ancient ages. (a) Prayaga Prashasti of Samudra Gupta
(b) Nasik inscription of Gautami Balshri
11. Who among the following deities is represented in art
(c) Garuda Pillar at Besnagar
as holding the plough ?
(d) Ayodhya inscription of Dhanadeva
(a) Krishna (b) Balarama
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
(c) Kartikeya (d) Maitreya Ans. (c)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (b)
Lord Vishnu took the form of Varaha to kill the king of (a) Charvaka (b) Jaina
Giants, Hiranyakshyap and released the Earth from his
(c) Buddha (d) Mimamsa
clutch. In the pictures of the Purana, God Varaha has been
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
shown balancing the earth on his teeth and arising from the
sea. In this incarnation, the head of Varaha is on the human Ans. (d)
body having four arms holding Shankha, Chakra, Gada and The word 'Apurva' is a technical term related to the Purva
Padma in his hands like God Vishnu fighting with demon Mimamsa system of Philosophy.
Hiranyaksha. This is the third incarnation in the order of
incarnations. Thus, the option (c) is the correct answer. 21. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
from the codes given below :
18. Which one of the following is the distinctive features
of a nastika and astika system in India ? List-I List-II
19. Which one of the following gives equal importance to U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017
Jnana, Karma and Bhakti as a means of liberation? Ans. (a)
(a) Advaita Vedanta The correctly matched list is as follows -
(b) Vishistadvaitvad Vedanta List-I List-II
(c) Bhagavad Gita Ashtadhyayi Panini
(d) Mimamsa Mahabhashya Patanjali
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005 Nirukta Yaska
Ans. (c) Varttika Katyayan
23. Who was the founder of Visistadvaita Siddhanta? 27. With which religion is Kalika Purana associated ?
(a) Ramanujacharya (b) Vallabhacharya
(a) Vaishnavism (b) Shaktism
(c) Srikanthacharya (d) Madhavacharya
(c) Buddhism (d) Jainism
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021 M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans (a) Ans. (b)
Visistadvaita is one of the main branches of Vedanta.
The Kalika Purana also called the Kali Purana, Sati Purana
It is a Sanskrit term which means "non-dualism with
or Kalika Tantra is one of the eighteen minor Puranas in
differentiation". Vaishnavite Saint Ramanujacharya (C.1017-
the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism. The text was likely
1137) is widely credited with spreading the philosophy of
composed in the Assam region of India. The text is attributed
Vishishtadvaitavad.
to sage Markendeya and starts off with the legends of Devi
24. Which is called Lokayata Darshan? trying to bring Shiva back from ascetic life into householder's
life by making him fall in love again.
(a) Jain (b) Buddh
(c) Charvaka (d) Samkhya 28. Which Kand of Ramayana describes the first meeting
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019 of Rama and Hanumana?
Ans. (c) (a) Kishkindha Kand (b) Sunder Kand
Charvaka is characterised as a materialistic and aesthetic (c) Bal Kand (d) None of the above
school of thought. He was the founder of Lokayata U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004
Philosophy. Accepted direct perception as the surest method Ans. (a)
to prove the truth of anything. It insists on joyful living. Valmiki was the author of Ramayana. There are total of seven
25. Which one of the following is not included in ‘Prasthan Kands in this Adi Kavya written in Sanskrit. The fourth Kand
trayi’ : of this Kavya is Kishkindha Kand in which the meeting of
(a) Bhagavata (b) Bhagavad Gita Rama and Hanuman, death of Bali and Sugriva becoming
(c) Brahma Sutra (d) Upanishad the king of Vanara is described.
Ans. (d)
The Kumbha Mela is held on the bank of Godavari river
Sixth century B.C.E -
at an interval of every twelve years. It is also held on the Political Condition
bank of Ganga at Haridwar, on the confluence place of the
Ganga and Yamuna at Prayag, on the bank of River Kshipra *Buddhist literature, Anguttaranikaya, is sufficient to con-
(Shipra) at Ujjain. clude that before the birth of Gautama Buddha, all of North
31. In context of Indian culture who among the following India was divided into 16 major states. They were called
is called Ananga? ‘Sixteen (Shodasha) Mahajanapadas’. The names of these
(a) Shiva (b) Krishna
sixteen Mahajanapadas were Koshal, Kashi, Magadha, Anga,
(c) Kama (d) Laxman
(e) None of these Vajji, Chedi, Malla, Vatsa, Kuru, Panchal, Matsya, Surasena,
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 Kamboja, Avanti, Assaka (Ashmaka) and Gandhar. In the Jain
Ans. (c) literature ‘Bhagwatisutra’ also, names of these 16 Mahajana-
Kamdeva is the Hindu god of human love or desire. Rati padas are mentioned some different names in it. The names
is the wife of Kamdeva. Other names used in reference to of sixteen Mahajanapadas mentioned here are: Anga, Banga,
Kamadeva are Ananga (incorporeal), Kandarpa (inflamer
Malay, acha, Vacha (Vatsa), Magah (Magadha), Malav, Koch,
even of a god), Madana (intoxicating), Manmatha (Churner
of hearts) etc. Ladh, Moli (Malla), Koshal, Kashi, Pathya, Sammutar, Awadh
and Vajji. *22 Mahajanapadas are mentioned in Panini’s
32. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
from the codes given below – Ashtadhyayi. *The present part of northern Bihar known as
A. Jainism 1. Madina Bhagalpur and Munger district were part of the Anga Maha-
B. Hinduism 2. Vatican janapada. Its capital city was Champa. In Mahabharata and
C. Islam 3. Pavapuri Puranas, its ancient name ‘Malini’ is mentioned. Champa was
D. Christianity 4. Varanasi
Code : considered to be among the six metros of India during Bud-
A B C D dha’s time. The names of these six metropolia are described in
(a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 1 2 4 3 Mahaparinirvan-sutra. These are – Champa, Rajgriha, Bena-
(c) 3 4 1 2 ras, Saket, Kaushambi and Shravasti. *Lichhavi’s of Vaishali
(d) 2 3 1 4
founded the world’s first republic. Vaishali has been called
M.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
Ans. (c) ‘Magadhham Puram’ in Suttanipata.
love story of Vatsa king Udayan and Vasvadatta, the daughter according to Buddhist literature-
of Avanti King Pradyot. *In the northern part of ancient India, Name of Dynasty King’s Name Reign
which was also called Uttarapatha, there were two Janapadas. Harayanka Bimbisara 544 - 492 BCE
These were - Gandhara and Kamboj. Gandhar Mahajanpadas (544 - 412 BCE) Ajatshatru 492 - 460 BCE
was located in Peshawar and Rawalpindi districts of present day Udayin and
his successor 460 - 412 BCE
Pakistan. It is known from Ramayana that Takshshila Nagar
Shishunaga Shishunaga 412 - 394 BCE
was founded by Taksha, the son of Bharat. *Four of the sixteen (412 - 344 BCE) Kakavarna 394 - 366 BCE
Mahajanpadas - Koshal, Magadha, Vatsas and Avanti were very 10 sons of
powerful. Out of the sixteen Mahajanpadas, eight were present Kakavarna 366 - 344 BCE
Nand Dynasty Ugrasen, 344 - 321 BCE
in Uttar Pradesh. These were Mahajanpadas - Kashi, Koshal,
(344 - 321 BCE) Mahapadamanand
Vatsa, Malla, Kuru, Panchal, Suresen and Chedi. and their 8 Sons
*Bimbisara died in 492 BC. After the Bimbisara, his son *Aahat coins or Punch marked coins were the earliest extant
‘Kunika’ Ajatshatru (is about 492-460 BC) became the ruler coins in India made of silver. The marks on them were made
of Magadha. He was an imperialist like his father. The struggle by the stamp, so they were called as Aahat coins or Punch
between Magadha and Kosala kingdom started in the early marked coins. These coins were found in circulation between
sixth century B.C and the Mauryan period.
years of his rule. But later, there was a treaty between the ruler
*Panini was known for his Sanskrit grammar. He was born in
of Magadha Ajatashatru and Koshal King Prasenjit. Prasenjit Pushkalavati, Gandhara. The Ashtadhayi is one of the earliest
married his daughter, Wajira, to Ajatshatru and again accepted known grammars of Sanskrit. The Ashtadhyai consist of 4000
his right over Kashi. sutras or rules distributed among (eight chapters) which are
each sub-divided into four sections of padas. Panini mentioned
The sequence of the dynasties that ruled Magadh are as follows :
as many as 22 different Janapadas but also mentions 3 most
Haryanka dynasty 544 BC - 412 (Shaishunaga important provinces viz. Magadha, Ashmak and Kamboj.
dynasty) BC (412 BCE-344 BCE) *Nanyadev (1097-98 AD) was the founder of Karnata
Nanda dynasty 344 BC - 321 BC dynasty. He was a great warrior. The capital of Karnata dynasty
was Simraon. The period of Karnata dynasty (1097-98 AD -
Mauryan dynasty 321 BC - 184 BC
1378 AD) was known as the golden period of Mithila.
Sunga dynasty 184 BC - 75 BC *The last ruler of Karnata Dynasty was Harisimha Dev. He
According to Puranas, the founder of Nanda dynasty, was a great patron of art and literature. He was the pro founder
of Panji system.
Mahapadmananda was a Shudra ruler. He assumed the title
The ruling period of the kings from Bimbisara to Nanda’s
of ‘Ekrata and Ekchhatra.’ *Chandragupta Maurya had according to the Puranas –
2. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer 5. The epigraphical evidence reveals that under the
from the code given below the lists: instructions of a Nanda king, a canal was dug in :
List-I List-II (a) Anga (b) Vanga
(King) (State) (c) Kalinga (d) Magadha
A.Pradyot 1. Magadha U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
B.Udyan 2. Vatsa Ans. (c)
C.Prasenjit 3. Avanti Hathigumpha inscription indicates the Kalinga victory of
D.Ajatshatru 4. Kosala Nanda’s King Mahapadmananda. According to this, King
Code : Nanda took away the statue of King Jinsen and built a canal
A B C D in Kalinga.
(a) 1 2 3 4 6. What was the ancient name of Ujjain?
(b) 4 3 2 1 (a) Taxila (b) Indraprastha
(c) 3 2 4 1 (c) Avantika (d) None of above.
(d) 4 1 3 2 M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009
U.P. Lower (Spl) (Pre) 2004
Ans. (c)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
Ans. (c) Ujjain, located in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, is
The Pali scriptures reveal that Pradyot was the king of Avanti. considered as the ancient historical town of India. This was
Udayana was the king of Vatsa Mahajanpada. Prasenjit was one of the two capitals of Avanti which was one among the
of Kosal and Ajatshatru was the king of Magadha. 16 Mahajanapadas. It is also known as Avantika.
I.A.S. (Pre) 1997 The ancient city, which is mentioned in the Mahabharata
Ans. (c) and Mahabhshya is Madhyamika (Nagari) and Viratnagar.
Viratnagar was founded by King Virat. It was the capital of
Options A, B,C,D show Matsya, Avanti, Vatsa and Anga
Matsya Kingdom. Its history is found in both Mahabharata
Mahajanapada respectively. Matsya Mahajanapada was and Mahabhashya.
located in the Jaipur region of Rajasthan. Viratnagar was its
11. Who founded Pataliputra –
capital. Avanti Mahajanapada was located in the west and
(a) Udayin (b) Ashoka
central region of Malwa. It had two parts- Northern Avanti
(c) Bimbisara (d) Mahapadmanada
(capital-Ujjayini) and Southern Avanti (capital-Mahishmati).
48 to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
th
Ans. (d)
(a) Vaishali (b) Athens
Magadha was the most powerful city in the early 6 th (c) Sparta (d) Pataliputra
century B.C. It was one of the richest and most prosperous 46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003
Mahajanapada among others. Magadha had a long rivalry Ans. (a)
with Kosala, Anga and Kashi. They always struggled for
the supremacy. See the explanation of above question.
Code :
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2004 (a) A, B and C (b) D and E
Ans. (d) (c) C, D and E (d) A, C, D and E
The 16 Mahajanapads of 6 century B.C. were mentioned
th
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2013
Ans. (a)
in Buddhist text ‘Anguttara Nikaya’ and Jain text Bhagwati
Sutra They were as follows- Anga, Magadha, Kashi, Kosala, Panini is known for his Sanskrit grammar. He was born in
Vajji, Malla, Chedi, Vatsa, Kuru, Panchal, Matsya, Surasen, Pushkalavati, Gandhara. The Ashtadhayi is one of the earliest
Ashmaka, Avanti, Gandhara and Kamboj. The list of 16 known grammars of Sanskrit. The Ashtadhyai consist of 4000
Mahajanapadas also finds mention in Jain text Bhagavati Sutra. sutras or rules distributed among (eight chapters) which are
24. The list of sixteen Mahajanapadas is available in – each subdivided into four sections of padas. Panini mentioned
(a) Mahabharata as many as 22 different Janapadas but also mentioned 3 most
(b) Anguttar Nikaya important provinces viz. Magadha, Ashmak and Kamboj.
(c) Chandogya Upanishad
28. The capital of North Panchal, according to Mahabharata,
(d) Samyukta Nikaya
was located at :
46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003
(a) Hastinapur (b) Indraprastha
Ans. (b)
(c) Ahichhatra (d) Mathura
See the explanation of above question. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
25. Which one of the following Buddhist texts describes Ans. (c)
the sixteen Mahajanapadas? The capital of Northern Panchala was Ahichhatra and
(a) Anguttara Nikaya (b) Majjhima Nikaya Kampilya was the capital of southern Panchala. Hastinapura
(c) Khuddaka Nikaya (d) Digha Nikaya and Indraprastha were the capital of Kuru while Mathura was
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 the capital of Surasena.
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 29. During the period of 16 Mahajanapadas, Mathura was
Ans. (a) the capital of –
See the explanation of above question. (a) Vajji (b) Vatsa
(c) Kashi (d) Surasena
26. In which of the following texts the list of the sixteen great Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
states (Shodasha Mahajanapadas) of ancient India occur? Ans. (d)
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
See the explanation of above question.
(i) Arthashastra (ii) Anguttara Nikaya
Magadhan Empire?
Champa (Campa) was the capital of Anga Mahajanpada.
(a) Girivraja (b) Rajgriha
It covers the modern districts of Munger and Bhagalpur (c) Pataliputra (d) Kaushambi
in Bihar. It was later annexed to Magadha by Bimbisara. Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
Magadha was located on its west. Ans. (d)
32. In the sixth century B.C. Suktimati was the capital of Girivraja or Rajgriha and Pataliputra were the capital of
(a) Panchala (b) Kuru the Magadha Empire respectively in ancient times while
(c) Chedi (d) Avanti Kaushambi was ruled by Vatsa state. The capital of Magadha
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011 was shifted from Rajgriha to Pataliputra during Haryanka
Ans. (c) dynasty.
In sixth century BC, Chedi Mahajanapada was located in 37. What is the town configuration of ancient Shravasti?
modern Bundelkhand and its adjacent parts. Its capital was (a) Circular (b) Crescentic
‘Sotthivati’ which is known as ‘Suktimati’ of Mahabharata. (c) Triangular (d) Quadratic
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
33. Mahajanapada situated on the bank of river Godavari was- Ans. (b)
(a) Avanti (b) Vatsa Alexander Cunningham had identified the ancient Shravasti
(c) Assaka (d) Kamboja at Sahet-Mahet (today’s Shravasti) placed near Gonda in
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2008 Uttar Pradesh in 1861. It is known by excavations that the
configuration of Shravasti was in crescentic form.
Ans. (c)
According to the Buddhist text ‘Anguttara Nikaya’ and Jain 38. Which initial ruler of Magadha killed his father for
enthroning and also was killed by his son for the same
text ‘Bhagvati Sutra,’ the ‘Assaka’ or ‘Ashmaka’ was located
reason?
in between Godavari and Narmada river during the 6 century
th
(a) Pratishthan (b) Vaishali The ruler of Magadha, Ajatashatru (492-460 BC) killed his
(c) Rajgriha (d) Champa father Bimbisara, the founder of Haryanka dynasty and sat on
47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005 the throne. He was also killed by his son Udayin (different
Ans. (c) from the king Udayan of Vatsa) for the same reason.
and disclaiming each other’s philosophies. It should be noted are found in Buddhist text “Anguttara Nikaya” and Jain
during that time, such type of intellectual movements was
text “Bhagavati Sutra”. The correctly matched list of
also emerged in other countries of the world. Confucius,
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
(d) Jaijakbhukti – Kaushambi women of this town. *The realm of Puru (Porus) was located
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021 between Jhelum and Chenab River. Alexander defeated him on
Ans (d) the bank of Jhelum river, but he was impressed by his courage
Koil was ancient name of Aligarh. The Koil people came from and became his friend and returned his state and also gifted
Kampilya and founded Kampilgarh which is now known as
Aligarh. Mahotsav nagar is ancient name of Mahoba which him some more areas.
meant city of great festival. Mahodaya shree is ancient 1. Which one of the following dynasties was ruling over
name of Kannauj which was capital of Harsha's empire.
Jejakabhukti was ancient name of Bundelhkhand and not North India at the time of Alexander’s invasion ?
Kaushambi. (a) Nanda (b) Maurya
54. Who was the last King of Karnata dynasty? (c) Sunga (d) Kanva
(a) Harisimha I.A.S. (Pre) 2000
(b) Ramsimha Ans. (a)
(c) Matisimha
There were eight inheritors of Mahapadmananda found in
(d) Shyamsimha
Puranas and Buddhist texts. Dhanananda was the last ruler
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
of this dynasty who was also the contemporary of Alexander.
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
Greek writers referred him as Agramese. Xenophon describes
Ans. (a)
him as a wealthy person. Bhadrashal was his commander.
The last ruler of Karnata Dynasty was Harisimha Dev. He was
a great patron of art and literature. He was the pro founder 2. Which one of the following rulers of Magadha was the
of Panji system. contemporary of Alexander, the Great ?
(a) Mahapadmananda (b) Dhanananda
Greek Invasion (c) Sukalpa (d) Chandragupta Maurya
44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000
*In the 6th century BC, there was an ambitious man named Ku- Ans. (b)
rush or Sairus II (558-529 BC) who established the Hakhamani
Empire in central Iran. Behistun, Parcipolis and Naksha-e- See the explanation of above question.
Rustom inscriptions are of Dara I (522-486 BC) reign. These
3. Consider the following statements:
inscriptions provide important information about India-Persia
Assertion (A) : After campaigning for nearly two years,
relations. The 23 provinces in the empire of Dara-I have been Alexander, the Great, left India in 325
mentioned in Behistun inscription. *Herodotus described that B.C.
India was the twentieth province of Dara’s empire. *Tessius was Reason (R) : He was defeated by Chandra Gupta
the State Doctor (Rajya Vaidya) of Antarjaraksin. A new script Maurya.
taken up arms against Alexander after a large number of (c) Deimachus (d) Aristobulus
its soldiers had been killed or wounded in the battlefield ? U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015
(a) Abhisara (b) Glausai Ans. (c)
(c) Katha (d) Massaga
Deimachus had not come to India with Alexander. According
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
to Strabo, Seleucid emperor Antiochus sent his ambassador
Ans. (d)
in the court of Bindusara named as Deimachus.
Ashwaka was a frontier republic at the time of the invasion of 8. The foremost Indo-Roman trading station in Eastern
Alexander, whose capital was Massaga. According to Greek India was :
writers, the women had taken up arms against Alexander (a) Rajgir (b) Arikamedu
when a large number of men were killed in the war against (c) Bhagrapir (d) Tamluk
him. This description described that Alexander had killed all
the women of this town. Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021
Ans (b)
5. Alexander’s success in India was due to the following :
Arikamedu (Puducherry) was an important Indo-Roman
1 . There was no central power in India at that time trading station in eastern India. Amphora jars and Arretine
2. He had a superior army ware have been found from here.
3. He was helped by the traitorous Indian rulers
4. He was a good administrator Maurya Empire
Select the correct answer from the following code :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3 *Chandragupta Maurya is considered as one of the greatest
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All the above emperors of India. He was the first emperor who brought
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003 together the small fragmented kingdoms of the country and
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002 combined them into a single vast empire. He expanded his
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
empire to the edge of what is now known as Iran. He was the one
Ans. (b)
who first unified India politically. Kautilya had an exceptional
The first three reasons given behind the success of Alexander contribution to the establishment of Mauryan dynasty. He
in India are correct. Dr. Hemachandra Rai Chaudhary had was well known as ‘Vishnugupta’ and ‘Chanakya.’ When
mentioned 28 independent powers of that time. It means there
Chandragupta Maurya had the responsibility of united Indian
was no central authority in India at that time. Undoubtedly
his (Alexander) army was superior. Many Indian traitor kings empire as emperor, Kautilya served as prime minister, advisor
like Ambhi supported him. Being good administrator was and chief priest. He was the pioneer scholar of political science
not a reason behind his victory over India. Thus, option (b) and also known for his famous book ‘‘Arthashastra”. This is
is the correct answer. one of the oldest book which is based on the political condition
Kavanchitakataken or Abhisarika- bandhitkam (unfounded). written in Aramaic script is found from Taxila. Shar-i-Kuna
*William Jones was the first scholar who recognized (Kandhar Inscription) is in the bilingual (Greek Aramaic)
Sandrokottos as Chandra Gupta Maurya. *Aerian and Plutarch script.
also described him as Androkottus. Justin, a Greek writer, *Ashoka built the first hospital and herbal garden in India.
described the meeting of Sandrokottos and Alexander the Great. He established hospitals, public gardens, and gardens for the
*Greek writers have addressed Bindusara as ‘Amitrochates’, growing of medicinal herbs. He also organized digging of wells
as per the scholars - the Sanskrit form of Amitrochates is and planting of a tree for shades.
Amitraghat (killer of enemies). Jain texts call him ‘Sim- *Sri Lanka was not the part of Ashoka’s territory. The second
hasena’. In Jain texts, the name of the mother of Bindusara was inscription of Ashoka clarifies that Chola, Pandayas,
‘Durdhara’. According to Divyavadana, there was a revolt in Sattiyaputta, Keralaputta and Tamraparni (Sri Lanka) were
Taxila(Takshashila) in the time of Bindusara, for which he sent not the part of Mauryan reign. That’s why they were called
his son Ashoka to suppress it. *According to Strabo, Antiochus edge states. Some of the names of officials were found from
sent Deimachus as an ambassador to Bindusara’s court. *Ac- the edicts of Ashoka, which are mentioned below –
cording to Pliny, King of Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt YUKTA – These were the district officials who used to collect
sent Dionysus as an ambassador to Mauryan’s court. Bindusara revenue.
demanded three items from the ruler of Syria. These items were RAJJUKA – Rajjuka was a category of officials in the rural
- sweet wines, dry figs and philosopher. Antiochus sent all the area which worked as surveyors.
other things except philosophers to Bindusara. PRADESHIKA – It was a top official of the division. It can
According to Buddhist evidence, Ashoka was appointed as the be compared with the current divisional commissioner. They
viceroy of Avanti (Ujjayini) during his father’s reign. *Except used to perform judicial work also.
Assam and Deep South, entire India was under Ashoka’s em- *The convoy of merchants was called as Sarthwah which is
pire. *Ashoka sat on the throne of Magadha around 269B.C. *In described in “Arthashastra” by Kautilya.
his inscriptions everywhere he is called ‘Devanampiya’, *Sarnath Pillar was constructed by Ashoka. On top of this
‘Devanapiyadasi’, which means 'Beloved of the Gods'. Ashoka pillar, the shape of the lion is built which is the symbol of
announced the logical and practical ‘Dhamma Niti’ to be power. This replica is taken by the Indian government as its
followed by his pupils easily. *Ashoka’s ‘Dhamma’ is based national emblem. These pillars are the best example of Mauryan
on ethical principles which were not related to any commu- architecture. *In 1837, James Prinsep became the first
nity but declared for the welfare of humanity. *According to scholar who deciphered Ashoka’s inscription (Brahmi script).
Sinhalese folklore – “Dipavamsa” and “Mahavamsa”, the The edicts in Brahmi script mentioned a King Devanampiya
the main road through Ujjain to Bharuch. *From the perspective of architecture, the Stupa of Sanchi
is considered as best. Sanchi is located in Raisen district of
*Victory in Kalinga war was the greatest event of Ashoka’s
Madhya Pradesh. This stupa was built by Ashoka. *The stupa
reign. The 13th rock edict provides clear evidence of Kalinga
of Bharhut is situated in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh,
war. It says King Piyadasi (Ashoka) conquered Kalinga, eight
which is dated approx 3rd century B.C. Both Sanchi and Bharhut
years after his coronation, i.e. in 261 BC. He felt deep remorse
stupas were discovered by Alexander Cunningham. *Amravati
for having conquered Kalinga on this edict. The reasons which
Stupa is located on the right bank of Krishna river in the Guntur
prompted Ashoka to invade Kalinga were both political and
district of Andhra Pradesh. Lord Mackenzie traced this Stupa
economical. The territory of Kalinga was like a bridge between
in 1797. *Dhamekh Stupa of Varanasi is related with Gupta
north and south. People of Kalinga dominated the Indian
period. Bhabru inscription proves Ashoka as Buddhist.
Ocean and controlled the overseas trade. Their supremacy on
In the same inscription, he referred to himself as ‘Piyadasi
the eastern seacoast virtually closed the sea routes in the east
Raja’ Magadha, i.e. the king of Magadha. After accepting
for the Magadhan merchants. Similarly, the land routes for
the Buddhist religion, Ashoka stopped hunting and started
internal trade from the Gangetic valley toward Deccan were also pilgrimage trips. First, he visited Bodhgaya. The sequence of
controlled by Kalinga. If Kalinga remained independent, the his religious trip is- Lumbini, Kapilvastu, Bodhgaya, Sarnath,
overseas and land trades of Magadha would be affected. That is Kushingara, Shravasti.*The name of the five provinces of the
why it was necessary to invade Kalinga for Mauryan dynasty. Mauryan Empire is found on the Ashokan inscriptions –
*In the first rock edict, Ashok inscribed as- "here no living
Province Capital
beings are to be slaughtered or offered in sacrifice". Formerly
Uttarapatha Taxila
in the kitchen of King Piyadasi, hundreds of thousands of
Avantiratha Ujjayini
animals were killed every day to make curry. But now with
Kalinga Tosli
the writing of this Dhamma edict, only three animals, two
Dakshinapatha Suvarnagiri
peacocks, and a deer are killed and even the deer not always.
Prachyapatha Pataliputra
And in future, not even these three creatures will be killed.”
*Megasthenese was a Greek historian who came to India
*The rock edict second and thirteen of Ashoka tells us about
in the fourth century B.C. as a representative or ambassador
the Sangam Kingdom of Chola, Pandya, Satiyaputta and
of Seleucus Nicator. He lived in the court of Chandragupta
Kerelaputta. 13 inscription of Ashoka provides information
th
Maurya for five years. He has written about contemporary
that he had a cordial relation with five Yavana kings namely- India and also about Chandragupta's reign in his book entitled
Antioch (Antiochus II Theos – the ruler of Syria), Turmaya “Indica.” *Municipal administration of Pataliputra town is
take to an occupation other than the one fixed for his caste.
to the village in the Mauryan period.
*Mauryan emperors played a major role in the development
*It is mentioned clearly in Manusmriti that a widower, whose
of culture, art and literature. Chandragupta’s empire spread wife is dead, could remarry but a widow whose husband is
over from Iran in the north-west to present north Karnataka in dead, was not permitted for remarriage.
the south. “Bhaga” and “Bali” were the sources of revenue The foreign invaders who did not follow priestly customs or
in ancient India. According to Arthashastra, King was the local traditions (Shakas, Kushans Hunas, Pratihar) were stated
owner of the land. He had a share in produce from the land. as ‘Fallen Kshatriyas’ in Manusmriti.
This tax was known as ‘Bhaga’ whereas ‘Bali was also a *Last Mauryan emperor was Brihadratha. Brihadratha was
source of revenue. assassinated by his commander/lieutenant Pushyamitra
*Agronomoi was known as district officers. Shulkadhyaksha Shunga in 184 B.C. Pushyamitra Shunga established a new
dynasty which is known as Shunga Dynasty. Pushyamitra
used to collect various trade and service tax and Akradhyaksha
Shunga was a fanatic Brahmin. He completed two Ashwamedh
controlled mines. The maintenance of crown land was done
Yajnas. These two events were organised in the supervision of
by Sitadhyaksha in Mauryan period. Revenue collected
Patanjali, who wrote Mahabhashya.
through this tax was known as 'Sita'. *Revenue collection
*The last king of Shunga dynasty, Devabhuti was killed
was regulated by Samaharta in Mauryan ministerial council. by a conspiracy of his ‘Amatya’ Vasudeva. According to
*Antapal looked after border forts while the Pradeshtha Vayupurana, the last ruler of the Kanva dynasty, Susharma
was an administrator of commissionaries. *Mauryan officer was deposed by his Andhrian servant Simuk.
Pautavadhyaksha was in charge of weights and measures 1. First Indian Empire was established by:-
while Panyadhyaksha was the in charge of the Commerce (a) Kanishka (b) Harsh
Department, and Sunadhyaksha was the chief of the (c) Chandra Gupta Maurya (d) Samundragupta
slaughterhouse. *‘Pankodakasannirodhe’ was the penalty U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
in Mauryan administration for throwing dirt or causing mud Ans. (c)
and water to collect on the roads. *The Arthashastra mentions Chandragupta Maurya is considered as one of the greatest
two types of courts: emperors of India. He was the first emperor who brought
*Dharmasthiya which is analogous with modern civil together the small fragmented kingdoms of the country and
courts and Kantakshodhana which is analogous to modern
combined them into a single large empire. He expanded his
criminal courts.
*The town administration was governed by municipalities empire to the edge of what is now known as Iran. He was
during the Mauryan period, whose chief was ‘Nagrak’ or the one who first unified India politically.
See the explanation of above question. 7. Who was called as 'Sandrocottos' by Justin, the Greek
Writer?
3. Which among the following is India’s oldest dynasty?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya (b) Chandragupta I
(a) Gupta (b) Maurya (c) Chandragupta II (d) Samudragupta
(c) Vardhana (d) Kushana Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
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(a) Bhasa (b) Sudraka Kautilya had an unforgettable contribution in the establishment
(c) Vishakhadatta (d) Ashvaghosha of Mauryan dynasty. He was well known as ‘Vishnugupta’
46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2004 and ‘Chanakya.’ When Chandragupta Maurya had the
responsibility of united Indian empire as emperor, Kautilya
Ans. (c)
served as prime minister, advisor and chief priest. He was
Mudrarakshasa authored by Vishakhadatta provides various
the pioneer scholar of political science and also known for
information about the reign of Chandragupta Maurya.
his famous book ‘’Arthashastra”. This is one of the oldest
Dhundiraja had written a commentary on Mudrarakshasa. In
books which is based on the political condition of India.
this drama, Chandragupta is described as the son of Nandraja.
This book depicts Chandragupta as "Vrishal" and "Kulheen". 9. By which name was Chanakya known in his childhood ?
(a) Ajaya (b) Chanakya
5. Who recognized Sandrokottos as Chandra Gupta (c) Vishnugupta (d) Deogupta
Maurya? U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
(a) William Jones (b) V. Smith Ans. (c)
(c) R. K. Mukherjee (d) D. R. Bhandarkar Sage Chanak gave his son the name Chanakya. The ancient
48 to 52 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
th nd
Arthashastra has been traditionally attributed to Chanakya
Ans. (a) by a number of scholars. Arthashastra identifies its author by
the name of Kautilya, except for one verse that refers to him
William Jones was the first scholar who recognised
by the name of Vishnugupta. In the question, the name of
Sandrokottos as Chandra Gupta Maurya. Aerian and Plutarch Chanakya in childhood is asked, so, from the above-options
also described him as Androkottus. Vishnugupta is found to be the most appropriate answer.
The founder of the Mauryan dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya categories. 1st are those silver coins, which were quite
conquered the Deccan plateau. Jain and Tamil sources frequent during the kshatrapas rule. 2nd are potin coins.
inscriptions found at various sites of southern India proved Karddamaka ruler Chastana issued both silver & copper coin.
that Chandragupta Maurya expanded his empire into Deccan Question is asked about rare coins, so correct answer will
trap. Inscriptions of Ashoka were also found from many sites be option (a) copper, as copper coins were quite rare during
of the southern part of India, but he conquered the Kalinga Karddamaka rulers reign.
only. In this situation, Chandragupta should be given the 24. That Gujarat was included in the Kingdom of
credit of Deccan Victory as Victory of Bindusara is doubtful Chandragupta Maurya is proved by
(a) Greek accounts
and history never remembered him as a victor.
(b) Junagarh Rock Inscription of Rudradaman
21. Who was the first king to conquer Malwa, Gujarat and (c) Jain tradition
(d) Pillar Edict II of Ashoka
Maharashtra? U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
(a) Harsh (b) Skandgupta Ans. (b)
(c) Vikramaditya (d) Chandragupta Maurya See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
25. Which Indian king defeated Seleucus, the administrator
Ans. (d)
of Sindh and Afghanistan appointed by Alexander -
The unification of India had taken proper shape in the (a) Samudragupta (b) Ashok
leadership of Chandragupta Maurya. Early victories of (c) Bindusar (d) Chandragupta
Chandragupta Maurya stretched his boundaries from M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
Ans. (d)
Beas to Indus river. Inscription of Rudradaman proved
his sovereignty over Western India. The unified Mauryan Chandragupta Maurya defeated the invader army of Seleucus
empire extended from Bengal and Assam in the east to in 305 BC. Seleucus was the governor of the eastern
modern-day Afghanistan in the west, to Kashmir and Macedonian empire.
Nepal in the north and the Deccan plateau in the south.
26. In which year Chandragupta Maurya had defeated
22. The Inscription which proves Chandragupta’s sway Seleucus?
over western India is: (a) 317 B.C. (b) 315 B.C.
(c) 305 B.C. (d) 300 B.C.
(a) Kalinga Rock Inscription
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014
(b) Girnar Rock Inscription of Ashoka Ans. (c)
(c) Junagarh Rock Inscription of Rudradaman
(d) Sopara Rock Inscription of Ashoka See the explanation of above question.
wells and planting of a tree for shades and created a ministry (e) 1 and 3
for the care of the aborigines and subject races of India. Chhattisgarh P.C.S (Pre) 2013
Ans. (d)
34. “In spite of being Buddhist, Ashoka did not leave belief
in Hinduism” validation of this fact is:– Ashoka and his grandson Dasaratha were the followers of
(a) Pilgrims Buddhism. Dasaratha also adopted the title “Devanama” as
(b) Belief in Moksha his grandfather Ashoka.
(c) Epithet of “Devanampriya.” 38. Rajjuka’s were:
(d) establishment of veterinary hospitals (a) Traders in the Chola Kingdom
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999 (b) Officers in the Mauryan administration
Ans. (c) (c) Feudal Lords in the Gupta empire
(d) Soldiers in the Saka army
The coronation of Ashoka was held in 269 B.C. He was
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
named as ‘Devanampriya,’ ‘Devanampriyadarshi’ in his
Ans. (b)
inscription which means beloved of Gods or handsome by
looks. This indicates his belief in Hindu religion. ‘Rajjuka’ officials were mentioned on the edicts of Ashoka.
Rajjukas were categories of officials in the rural areas, who
35. Which of the following sources mention the occurrence of worked as surveyors combined with judicial functions with
the third Buddhist Council during the reign of Ashoka: assessment duties.
1. Inscriptions of Ashoka
2. Dipavamsa 39. What was “Sarthwah” ?
3. Mahavamsa (a) Brokers (b) Convoy of Merchants
4. Divyavadana (c) Moneylender (d) Pilgrims
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008
(a) 1, 2 (b) 2, 3 Ans. (b)
(c) 3, 4 (d) 1, 4
The convoy of merchants was called as Sarthwah which is
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
described in “Arthashastra” by Kautilya.
Ans. (b)
According to Sinhalese folklore –“Dipavamsa” and 40. Which one of the following officials was not a part of
the Mauryan administration?
“Mahavamsa”, the Third Buddhist Council was held in
(a) Agraharika (b) Yukta
“Pataliputra” during the reign of Ashoka. The chairperson of
(c) Pradeshika (d) Rajjuka
this Buddhist Council was Moggaliputta Tissa, the famous R.A.S./R.T.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2013
Buddhist mendicant. Ans. (a)
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008 45. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
Ans. (b) by using the codes given below :
Sarnath Pillar was constructed by Ashoka. On top of this List-I (Place) List-II (Monuments/Ruins)
pillar, the shape of the lion is built which is the symbol of A. Kaushambi 1. Dhamek Stupa
power. This replica is taken by the Indian government as its B. Kushinagar 2. Ghositarama Monastery
national sign. These pillars are the best example of Mauryan C. Sarnath 3. Ranabhar Stupa
D. Shravasti 4. Sahet-Mahet
architecture. All columns of the Mauryan era are constructed
Code :
from sandstones of Chunar.
A B C D
42. Which one of the following is considered the best Stupa ? (a) 2 1 3 4
(a) Amravati (b) Bharhut (b) 4 3 2 1
(c) Sanchi (d) Sarnath (c) 2 3 1 4
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008 (d) 4 2 1 3
Ans. (c) U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
From the perspective of architecture, the Stupa of Sanchi is Ans. (c)
considered as the best. Sanchi is located in Raisen district of The correctly matched list is as follows :
Madhya Pradesh. This stupa was built by Ashoka. It is famous List-I (Place) List-II (Monuments/Ruins)
across the world for its stupas, monasteries, temples and Kaushambi - Ghositarama Monastery
pillars, which dated back to the 3 century B.C. Thus option
rd
Kushinagar - Ranabhar Stupa
(c) is the right answer. The stupa of Bharhut is situated in Sarnath - Dhamek Stupa
Satna district of Madhya Pradesh. Sanchi and Bharhut stupas Shravasti - Sahet-Mahet
were discovered by Alexander Cunningham. Amravati Stupa
46. Who among the following had made Varanasi his
is located on the right bank of Krishna river in the Guntur
second capital?
district of Andhra Pradesh. Lord Mackenzie traced this
Stupa in 1797. Dhamekh Stupa of Varanasi is related with (a) Ajatshatru
the Gupta period. This stupa is designed on the flat surface (b) Kalashok
of the ruthless plain. (c) Mahapadmanand
(d) Shishunag
43. Who of the following ruler constructed the ‘Sanchi
U.P. P.C.S. (GIC) 2017
Stupa’?
Ans. (*)
56. Who first deciphered the Brahmi script ? 65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
(a) A. Cunningham (b) A.H. Dani I.A.S. (Pre) 1995
(c) Buhler (d) James Prinsep Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 The name by which Ashoka is referred on his inscription
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008 is "Priyadarshi", "Devanampiya Piyadasi" which means
Ans. (d) "Beloved of the Gods". He has also been stated as "Ashok
Vardhan" in Puranas.
See the explanation of above question.
62. Which of the kings has been mentioned as ‘Piyadassi’
57. Who was the First Britisher to study Ashoka’s edicts?
and ‘Devanampriya’ in inscriptions?
(a) John Tower (b) Harry Smith
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Charles Metcalfe (d) James Prinsep
(b) Ashoka
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
(c) Samudragupta
Ans. (d)
(d) Harshavardhana
See the explanation of above question. M.P.P. C.S. (Pre) 2015
58. Who of the following had first decipher the edicts of Ans. (b)
Ans. (d)
39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (d)
66. Which one of the following inscriptions contains the Bhabru inscription proves Ashoka as Buddhist. In the
name of Ashoka? same inscription, he referred to himself as ‘Piyadasi Raja’
(a) Gujarra (b) Ahraura Magadha, i.e. the king of Magadha.
(c) Brahmagiri (d) Sarnath
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 71. Kalsi is famous for –
Ans. (a) (a) Buddhist Chaityas
See the explanation of above question. (b) Persian Coins
(c) Rock edicts of Ashoka
67. The Rummindei Pillar of Ashoka was put up to mark – (d) Temples of Gupta period
(a) Birth of Buddha
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
(b) Enlightenment of Buddha
Ans. (c)
(c) First Sermon of Buddha
(d) Demise of Buddha Kalsi is located in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand. It is
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 famous for Ashokan rock edict.
Ans. (a)
72. Where in Uttarakhand, was a copy of Emperor Ashok’s
Ashoka visited Lumbini in the 20 year of his coronation. To
th
88. Assertion (A) : The Mauryan kings did not bestow sentence. So, option (a) is the correct answer.
land-grants on religious basis.
91. Famous Greek ambassador Megasthenes came to the
Reason (R) : The peasants revolted against land
court of which emperor?
grants.
(a) Ashoka (b) Harsha Vardhana
Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
(c) Chandragupta Maurya (d) None of the above
Code : R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct Ans. (c)
explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct Megasthenes was a Greek historian who came to India in
explanation of (A). the fourth century B.C. as a representative or ambassador
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. of Seleucus Nicator. He lived in the court of Chandragupta
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. Maurya. He has written about contemporary India and also
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004 about Chandragupta's reign in his book entitled “Indica.”
Ans. (c) 92. Megasthenes was the ambassador of -:
The earliest epigraphic record of land grants on the basis of (a) Seleucus (b) Alexander
religion in India is found in the inscription of Satavahana. (c) Darius (d) the Greeks
Mauryan emperors did not grant any land on religious basis. (e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
There is no description found about peasant revolt against 63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
land grants. Thus, Assertion (A) is right, while Reason (R) Ans (a)
is wrong. Megasthenes was a Greek historian who came to India in the
89. In which inscription, Kalinga victory is mentioned? Fourth Century B.C. as a representative of Seleucus Nicator.
(a) Maski Inscription
93. During whose rule did Megasthenes come to India?
(b) Rudradaman Inscription
(c) Junagarh Inscription (a) Ashoka
(d) Hathigumpha Inscription (b) Harshvardhan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above (c) Chandragupta Maurya
66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020 (d) Kumargupta
Ans (e) U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
Ans. (c)
Kalinga Victory is mentioned in Ashoka's Rock Edict Number
13. Hence option (e) is correct. See the explanation of above question.
During the Mauryan times 'Agronomai' used to collect 115. The most famous centre of learning during Mauryan
revenues, monitor irrigation facilities, perform legal period was
(a) Vaishali (b) Nalanda
administration & looked after road construction. UPPSC has
(c) Taxila (d) Ujjain
accepted (c) as the answer. Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
47 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
th
(a) A goddess
(b) A religious sect At present, Vaishali is a district of Bihar. It was related to both
(c) Revenue from Crown land Buddhism and Jainism in ancient times. It was established
(d) Barren land. in 6 century B.C. before the birth of Gautama Buddha (563
th
Revenue collection was regulated by Samaharta in Mauryan 116. According to the ‘Arthashastra’ of Kautilya the following
ministerial council. Antapal looked after border forts while courts existed in the judicial system of Mauryan Age
the Pradeshtha was administrator of commissionaries. 1. Dharmamahamatra 2. Dharmasthiya
3. Rajjuka 4. Kantakshodhana
113. Which of the following Mauryan officers was in charge Code :
of weights and measures ? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(a) Pautavadhyaksha (b) Panyadhyaksha (c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
(c) Sitadhyaksha (d) Sunadhyaksha (e) 1 and 4
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012 Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
Ans. (a) Ans. (d)
Mauryan officer Pautavadhyaksha was in charge of weights The Arthashastra mentions two types of courts:
and measures while Panyadhyaksha was the in charge of the Dharmasthiya which is analogous with modern civil courts
Commerce Department, Sitadhyaksha was the head of the and Kantakshodhana which is analogous to modern criminal
Agriculture Department and Sunadhyaksha was the chief of courts.
the slaughterhouse. 117. Which aspect of municipal administration of today is
114. ‘Pankodakasannirodhe’ was the Penalty in Mauryan continuing since the period of Mauryans –
(a) Inspection of weight measure reamer
administration, charged for –
(b) Determination of prices of goods
(a) Filthy drinking water
five members municipal council of Pataliputra. Committee could remarry but a widow had no right to seek
maintained the record of registration of birth and death remarriage.
certificates. This job is still carried out by municipal
administration. 122. The social status assigned to the foreigners in Indian
society by Manu was of the –
118. With reference to the cultural history of India, the (a) Kshatriyas (b) Fallen Kshatriyas
memorizing of Chronicles, dynastic histories, and epic (c) Vaishyas (d) Sudras
U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014
tales was the profession of who of the following? Ans. (b)
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name of Chanakya, the prime minister of Chandragupta water resource management in Girnar region. Chandragupta
Maurya.
Maurya built a dam on the Sudarshan Lake and Emperor
126. The last Mauryan emperor was? Ashok took out canals from the lake. The Junagarh inscription
(a) Jaloka (b) Avanti Verma of Shaka ruler Rudradaman describes the works of both
(c) Nandi Vardhana (d) Brihadratha
Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka. 2nd century A.D., the lake
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
was repaired by Rudradaman. According to the question, he
Ans. (d)
did this work after the Christian era. Thus he is not included
Last Mauryan emperor was Brihadratha. Brihadratha was in the answer, so the correct answer for the question is
assassinated by his commander/lieutenant Pushyamitra
Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka.
Shunga in 184 B.C. Pushyamitra Shunga established a new
dynasty which is known as Shunga Dynasty. 129. Realizing the need for water, the first ruler who got a
lake constructed in the Girnar area, was
127. Consider the following statements:
(a) Chandragupta Maurya (b) Ashoka
1. The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadaratha was
assassinated by his commander-in-chief, (c) Rudradaman (d) Skanda Gupta
Pushyamitra Sunga. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
2. The last Sunga King, Devabhuti, was assassinated U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
by his Brahmana minister Vasudeva Kanva who Ans. (a)
usurped the throne.
See the explanation of above question.
3. The last ruler of the Kanva dynasty was deposed
by the Andhras. 130. In which of the following inscription mentioned
Which of these statements is/are correct ? Chandragupta and Ashoka both?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) only 2
(a) Nasik inscription of Gautami putra Shatkarni.
(c) only 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
I.A.S. (Pre) 2003 (b) Junagarh inscription of Mahakshatrapa Rudradaman
Ans. (d) (c) Girnar inscription of Ashoka
(d) Junagarh inscription of Skandgupta.
Ambitious Pushyamitra Shunga assassinated last Mauryan
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
king Brihadrath in 184 B.C. and became famous in the history
for the establishment of Shunga dynasty. The last king of Ans. (b)
Shunga dynasty, Devabhuti was killed by a conspiracy of See the explanation of above question.
his ‘Amatya’ Vasudeva. According to Vayupurana, the last
ruler of the Kanva dynasty, Susharma was deposed by his 131. In which of the following inscriptions, Ashoka’s edicts
Andhrian servant Simuk. are also found?
2. Sarnath - First Sermon of Buddha Currently, for date and year, the Gregorian calendar is being
3. Rajgir - Lion Capital of Ashoka used which is internationally used civil calendar. In order to
4. Nalanda - Great Seat of Buddhist Learning get Vikram Samvat (57 B.C.), 57 is to be added in the current
Select the correct answer using the code given below. calendar and to get the Saka Samvat (78 Century), 78 is to be
Code : subtracted from the current calendar. *Chaitra is the first month
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 3 and 4
of Indian national calendar. The dates of national calendar match
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 2
with Gregorian calendar prominently. Generally, Chaitra starts
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
from 22 March while from 21st March in a leap year.
nd
Ans. (c)
*Ashvaghosha was the poet laureate of Kanishka whose
Lothal-Ancient Dockyard, Sarnath First Sermon of Buddha, major compositions were Saundaranand, Buddhacharita and
Nalanda Great seat of Buddhist learning, all these are correct Sariputraprakaran. Vasumitra was also a dependent poet of
but Rajgir- Lion capital of Ashoka is not correct. The correct Kanishka, who headed the fourth Buddhist Council. *Parsva,
answer would be option (c). Ashvaghosa, Nagarjuna and Charaka were the scholars in the
Court of Kanishka. Charaka is known as the Court physician of
Post-Mauryan Period Kanishka. *Maharshi Patanjali belonged to Shunga period and
was the author of Mahabhasya. *The border of the empire of
*The Junagarh inscription of Rudradaman (130-150 A.D.) Kushana Dynasty was spread outside of India. Kanishka was a
has been found at Girnar Hills in Gujarat. Rudradaman’s great ruler of Kushan the dynasty whose empire was expanded
inscription written in Brahmi script was the earliest ever over northern Turpan of China and Kashmir to Vindhya hill
inscription written in perfect Sanskrit language. The earliest (south) and Northern Afghanistan (west) to eastern U.P and
specimen of “Kavya” style is found in this inscription. Kushan Bihar. *A lot of evidence regarding ports and trading centres has
emperor Vima Kadphises introduced gold coins for regular been found from the excavations of Periplus of the Erythraean
use in India. He is known as the first king, who introduced
Sea and Arikamedu which proves that Kushan’s trade was
gold coins, while Kujula Kadphises circulated copper coins.
There are several varieties of Yaudheya copper coins depicting operated through Persian Bay and the Red Sea. But none of the
a standing figure of six-headed God Kartikeya along with evidence described the naval forces of Kushans. *According
peacock on the right, found during the reign of the Kushan to Chinese texts, Kanishka requested to marry Princess Han
ruler. The evidence of Yaudheya coins is found from the
Puranas, Ashtadhyayi, etc. The circulation of golden coins in but was denied. In retaliation, they marched on Pan Chao in
north-western India was introduced by Indo-Greek kings. The 86 A.D. with a force of 70,000 but were defeated by a smaller
wide circulation of these coins was promoted by the Kushana Chinese force.
17. In which year, the coronation of Kushan king Kanishka (d) 21st April (or 20 April)
th
was killed by his minister (Vasudeva Kanva). The Shunga Ans. (a)
dynasty was then replaced by the subsequent Kanvas. They The correctly matched list is as follows :
were also Brahmin like Shunga. List-I List-II
Shunga Pataliputra
31. Who among the following rulers is stated as protector
Satavahana Paithan/Pratishthan
of ‘Varna system’ ?
Kadamb Banvasi
(a) Pushyamitra Sunga
Chandel Mahoba
(b) Kharvela
(c) Gautamiputra Satkarni 35. Which Chinese general had defeated Kanishka?
(d) Vasudev (a) Pan Chao (b) Ban Yong
(e) Samudragupta (c) She Huang Ti (d) Ho-Ti
Chhattisgarh P.C.S (Pre) 2013 Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
Gautamiputra Satakarni was a patron of Brahmanism. He According to Chinese texts between 73-94 AD, Kanishka
did not permit intercaste marriage among the people of the requested to marry Princess Han, but was denied. In
retaliation, they marched on Pan Chao with force but defeated
established ‘Four Varnas’ and stopped crossbreeding. That is
by a smaller Chinese force.
why he is called as the protector of the Varna System.
32. Which dynasty was most powerful after Maurya in 36. Which of following dynasty empire was expanded even
Southern India - outside of India?
(a) Satvahana (b) Pallava (a) Gupta dynasty
(c) Chola (d) Chalukya (b) Maurya dynasty
(c) Kushan dynasty
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A.(Mains) 2006
Satvahana dynasty was the most powerful after Mauryans in Ans. (c)
the South. According to Puranas, Sindhuk, Simuka or Shiprak
The border of the empire of Kushana Dynasty was spread
established the Satvahana dynasty after the assassination of
outside of India. Kanishka was a great ruler of Kushana
Kanva king Susharma.
dynasty whose empire was expanded over northern Turpan
33. Simuka was the founder of which of the following of China and Kashmir to Vindhya hill (south) and Northern
dynasties? Afghanistan (west) to eastern U.P and Bihar.
(a) Chera (b) Chola
(c) Pandya (d) Satavahana 37. The institution of child marriage started in which
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 period?
46. With reference to the invaders in ancient India, which There are 30 Satavahana rulers mentioned in Puranas out of
one of the following is the correct chronological order? which 29 are in Matsya Purana.
(a) Greeks-Sakas-Kushanas
51. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
(b) Greeks-Kushanas-Sakas
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
(c) Sakas-Greeks-Kushanas
Assertion (A) : In Satavahana period, Sanskrit along
(d) Sakas-Kushanas-Greeks
with Prakrit and other folk languages
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
Reason (R) : Their well organised naval force base U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014
was highly qualified. Ans. (d)
In context to the above which is the correct answer : See the explanation of above question.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct 59. The King of Kalinga Kharavela was related to which
explanation of (A). of the following dynasty ?
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct (a) Chedi (b) Kadamba
explanation of (A). (c) Kalinga (d) Haryanka
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998 Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
See the explanation of above question.
A lot of evidence regarding ports and trading centres has been
60. Who among the following kings had heavily leaned
found from the excavations of Periplus of the Erythraean
towards Jainism?
Sea and Arikamedu which proves that Kushanas trade was
(a) Dashratha (b) Brihadratha
operated through Persian Bay and the Red Sea. But none of
(c) Kharavela (d) Huvishka
the evidence described the naval forces of Kushanas.
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
56. King Kharavela is related to – Ans. (c)
(a) Piller inscription of Girnar
See the explanation of above question.
(b) Piller inscription of Junagarh
61. The inscription of Hathigumpha is the source of
(c) Hathigumpha inscription information about which king ?
(d) Sarnath inscription (a) Kharvela (b) Ashok
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999 (c) Harshavardhan (d) Kanishka
Ans. (c) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (a)
Kharavela of Chedi dynasty was the king of Kalinga present-
day in Odisha, India. Much of the available information The Hathigumpha inscription from Udaigiri, near Bhubanesh-
about Kharavela comes from the undated and partially war in Odisha, was inscribed by Kharvela. The Hathigumpha
damaged Hathigumpha inscription, plus a few other minor inscription is the main source of information about Kalinga
inscriptions found in Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, ruler Kharvela.
in present-day Odisha. This is the only known source of
62. Kalinga's King Kharvel was associated with:
Kharavela inscriptions. The Kharavela is believed to be a (a) Mahameghvahana dynasty
follower of Jainism. (b) Chedi dynasty
Puranas. They were Lords under the Patronage of Satvahanas, ‘Vikramaditya’ (375-415 AD) is found as Devgupta. Its
but after their decline, Ikshvakus declared their independence. evidence has been obtained from Sanchi and Vakataka
Shrisantmula was the founder of this dynasty. inscriptions. Apart from the above-mentioned names, he is also
known as Devraja and Devashri.
64. Which field was mostly contributed by Eastern Roman
*According to Mehrauli inscription the king was devoted
ruler Justinian?
to Vishnu and set up the pillar (Vishnu flag) as a standard of
(a) Law (b) Architecture
that God on a hill called Vishnupada. *‘Mehrauli Iron Pillar
(c) Science (d) Literature
Inscription’ acquired from Mehrauli in Delhi is located near
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994
Qutub Minar at present.
Ans. (a)
*Gupta ruler Chandragupta-II ‘Vikramaditya’ was known
Justinian is known for his contribution and development of as the ‘Saka Conqueror’ as he alleviated Saka power by
Roman law. The Corpus Juris Civilis is still the basis of civil defeating last Saka king Rudrasimha-III in the first decade
law in many modern states. Justinian was responsible for the of the 5th century. He adopted the title of ‘Sakari’ after this
complete amendment of Roman Law. victory. He launched silver coins on this occasion. They
were called ‘Rupaka’ in Gupta rule. The Nine Gems of
Gupta and Post-Gupta Period Chandragupta II were (1) Kalidas (Poet), (2) Dhanvantari
(Physician), (3) Varahamihira (Astronomer), (4) Amar Singh
*Gupta dynasty ruled during 275-550 AD. This dynasty (Lexicographer), (5) Shanku (Architect) (6) Kshapanak
was established by King Srigupta around 275 AD, but the
(Astrologer), (7) Vararuchi (Grammarian), (8) Vetala Bhatta
first powerful ruler of Gupta dynasty was Chandragupta
(Magician) (9) Ghata Karpara (Diplomat).
I who ruled during 319-335 AD. He held the title of
*Kumaragupta I ‘ Mahendraditya’ ( 415-455 AD) was
‘Maharajadhiraja’ (in contradiction to his predecessors)
the eldest son born to Dhruvadevi, wife of Chandragupta II.
to show his importance. *Gupta Samvat was started by
*The first invasion of Hunas took place during the reign of
Chandragupta-I during 319-20 AD.
Skandagutpta (455 AD) and Hunas were comprehensively
*Historian A V Smith in his composition ‘Early History of
defeated by him. This invasion was just like a raid without any
India’ called Samudragupta (335-375 AD) of Gupta dynasty
lasting impact on India, but this invasion hastened the decline
as ‘Napoleon of India’ for his great military conquests. The
Ashoka pillar inscription of Allahabad is associated with of the Gupta Empire. Hunas annexed many regions of the north-
Samudragupta (335-375 AD). It is considered to be the most west in the transition period of 5 -6 centuries after the death of
th th
important historical document of the classical Gupta age in Skandagupta. *Bhitari Pillar inscription is found from a place
excellent Sanskrit written by Harisena. It is also known as named as Bhitari in Saidpur tehsil of district Ghazipur, Uttar
Gupta period from where trade was conducted with south-east *Gupta period in ancient India is considered as the golden age
Asia, China, Lanka, Java, Sumatra as well as northern India. due to the excellent development in the field of art and culture.
Western coast had an important port of Bhrigu Kachchha *The ruler of Gupta dynasty donated a maximum number of
(Bharuch) from where Gupta rulers used to trade with western villages to temples and Brahmins. Also, the income generated
countries. *Guilds were very important in the economy of ancient from the land of the village used to be given to the owner of
India. These organizations were established by merchants for the the land. A person who used to cultivate on the official land of
proper regulation of their trade. Guilds had the judicial power of the ruler had to pay a part of crop-products as tax in the Gupta
their members and also had the power to ensure the salary, rules period which was the sixth portion (1/6) of the production.
of job, standards and prices. Every guild had its head without any *Land revenue is known as ‘Udrang’ and “Bhag” in Gupta
intervention by the kingdom. It was also important for governing inscriptions. *In ancient India, the irrigation tax was known
the local bodies. as ‘Bedakbhog’ or ‘Udakabhag.’ *Hiranya was the cash tax
*Gujarat, Bengal, Deccan and Tamil Nadu were famous for the in Mauryan period. The land tax was called Udrang in Gupta
production of the garments in the Gupta period. The garment industry inscriptions. ‘Uparnika’ was the tax on farmers living on the
was the principal industry of the Gupta period. During the Gupta border land.
period, the main centres of international trade were Tamralipti, Bhrigu
*In Sanskrit plays, written during Gupta period, women and
Kachchha, Arikamedu, Kaveripattanam, Muziris, Pratishthana,
Sudra spoke in Prakrit language while upper varnas (class)
Sopara, Barberikam.
person used Sanskrit to speak. *Except for Vedic age, the
*Dhanvantari was one of the Navratnas of Chandragupta II. He
situation of women was never good in ancient India. In the age
was a master in Ayurveda. Bhaskara I was Gupta contemporary. He
of Gupta, Maurya and Chola, the evidence of inferior situation
wrote Mahabhaskariya & Laghubhaskariya.Bhaskaracharya was
of women has been found. Thus, situation of women with men
a great astronomer and mathematician. He composed ‘Siddhanta
cannot be compared to any age. ‘Mrichchhakatika’ written by
Shiromani’ and ‘Lilavati’ based on astronomy and mathematics.
Sudraka tells about the change in society and administration
He was not contemporary of Guptas. He belonged to 12th centuray.
system during the Gupta period. This text deals with the
*Development in mathematics is notable in the Gupta period.
love story of Charudtta (Carudatta), a rich merchant with the
Sine, Cosine, and Inverse sine were known in 5Th Century.
Vasantasena, a daughter of a courtesan.
These are mentioned in ‘Surya Siddhanta’ and ‘Aryabhatiya’.
*The rule of the Gupta Empire was monarchical. Unlike other
Brahmagupta described cyclic quadrilateral.
We find eight types of gold currencies during the reign rulers, the Gupta rulers believed in their divine origin. The Gupta
of Samudragupta. They were Garuda, Archer, Parashu, rulers expanded the tradition of donation of land. The nature of
Ashvamedha, Vaghra- Prakramah, Veena Type. According to the Gupta administration was not centralized and conservative;
the Chinese traveller Fa-Hien, people used clamshell in routine the Gupta king was the king of many small kings. The feudal
Aihole inscription of Pulkesin-II and description of Hiuen Gupta dynasty ruled during 275-550 AD. This dynasty
Tsang. *The arrival of Hiuen Tsang was the most important was established by King Srigupta around 275 AD, but the
event of Harsha’s period. He departed for India in 629 AD from first powerful ruler of Gupta dynasty was Chandragupta
I who ruled during 319-335 AD. He has held the title of
Changan, the capital of Tang ruler. He wrote a book on his tour ‘Maharajadhiraja’ (in contradiction to his predecessors) to
to India named 'Sei-Yu-Kei'. show his importance. So option (a) is the most accurate
*Hiuen Tsang went to Nalanda University in 637 AD. Acharya answer.
Sheelbhadra was the vice-chancellor of Nalanda University at 2. Who of the following rulers had performed four
that time. According to Hiuen Tsang, Mathura was famous for Ashwamedhas ?
the production of cotton textiles at that time, while, Varanasi (a) Pushyamitra Shunga (b) Pravarasena-I
was famous for the silk textiles. Hiuen Tsang says that the main (c) Samudragupta (d) Chandragupta-II
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003
reason for the prosperity of Thaneshwar was the trade there.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011
*Kannauj became the centre of attraction of various powers
Ans. (b)
after Harsha’s death. It has been expressed by the names
‘Mahodaya’, ‘Mahodayashri’ etc. There was a triangular King of Vakataka, Pravarsena-I had performed four
struggle between the three great powers of the 8th century- Ashwamedhas. He also performed many Vedic oblations.
Pravarsena-II, another ruler of the same dynasty, was
Pala, Gurjara-Pratihara and Rashtrakuta for the control of
interested in literature, who wrote ‘Setubandha.’
Kannauj which is the most important event in the history of
North India in the 8th-9th Century. In this struggle, ultimately, 3. Who is known as the Napoleon of India?
the Pratiharas got success. (a) Chandragupta Maurya
*The Chinese traveller Itsing with 37 Buddhist associates (b) Chandragupta- II Vikramaditya
decided to travel to western countries in 671 or 672 AD. (c) Great Ashoka
He came to India through western sea route and returned to (d) Samudragupta
China in 693 - 94 AD via Sumatra. In ancient days, Chinese U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009
writers mentioned India by the name of ‘Yin-tu’ and ‘Thian- Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
tu’. Nalanda University was ransacked and destroyed by the U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ans. (d)
army of Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193 AD. It was the final blow to
Buddhism in India and set it on the path of decline. Historian A.V. Smith in his composition ‘Early History of
*Shankaracharya is also known as Shankar, Shree India’ called Samudragupta (335-375 AD) of Gupta dynasty
Shankaracharya etc. He was born in Kaladi, a small village as ‘Napoleon of India’ for his great military conquests.
(d) Samudragupta
Another name of Gupta ruler Chandragupta-II ‘Vikramaditya’ U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
is found as Devagupta. Its evidence has been obtained from Ans. (d)
Sanchi and Vakataka inscriptions. Apart from the above- See the explanation of above question.
mentioned names, he is also known as Devaraja and Devashri.
10. Prayag Prashashti tells about the military campaign of -
6. The first Gupta ruler to assume the title of “Param (a) Chandragupta- I (b) Samudragupta
Bhagavata” was (c) Chandragupta- II (d) Kumaragupta
(a) Chandragupta- I (b) Samudragupta U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
(c) Chandragupta- II (d) Srigupta Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009
Ans. (b) See the explanation of above question.
Copperplate inscription of Samudragupta from Nalanda and 11. An inscription by which of the following is found on the
pillar containing Prayag Prasasti of Samudragupta?
Gaya describes param Bhagavata title of Samudragupta. (a) Jahangir (b) Shahjahan
Although UPPSC has given option (c) as correct answer. (c) Aurangzeb (d) Dara Shikoh
U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016
7. The first Gupta ruler to assume the title of ‘Parama Ans. (a)
Bhagawat’ was Prayag Prashasti is the name given to Allahabad pillar. It is
(a) Chandragupta- I (b) Samudragupta an Ashokan Pillar but has 4 different inscriptions:
(c) Chandragupta- II (d) Ramagupta Ashokan inscription in Brahmi script.
Queen edict regarding the charitable deed of Ashoka’s wife,
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
Karuvaki. Samudragupta inscription written by Harisena in
Ans. (b)
Sanskrit language and Brahmi script and Jahangir inscription
See the explanation of above question. in Persian.
8. The Allahabad Pillar inscription is associated with 12. Which of the following inscription reveals information
which one of the following? about Silk Weavers Guild?
(a) Mahapadma Nanda (a) Dashpur Inscription
(b) Chandragupta Maurya (b) Prayag Prashasti
(c) Ashoka (c) Eran Inscription
(d) Samudragupta (d) Hathigumpha Inscription
I.A.S. (Pre) 2006 M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
Ans. (c & d) Ans. (a)
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010 The Tamralipti port in Bengal was a prominent port during
Ans. (c) the Gupta period from where trade was conducted with
south-east Asia, China, Lanka, Java, Sumatra as well as
Gupta Ruler Chandragupta- II ‘Vikramaditya’ was known northern India. Western coast had an important port of Bhrigu
as the ‘Saka Conqueror’ as he eliminated Saka power by Kachchha (Bharuch) from where Gupta rulers used to trade
defeating last Saka king Rudrasimha- III in the first decade with western countries.
of the 5th century. He adopted the title of 'Sakari' after this
victory. He issued silver coins (Rupak) on this occasion. 27. Which one of the following ports handled the North
Indian trade during the Gupta Period ?
23. Who was the first Gupta ruler to issue silver coins?
(a) Bharuch (b) Kalyan
(a) Chandragupta- I (b) Samudragupta
(c) Cambay (d) Tamralipti
(c) Chandragupta- II (d) Kumargupta
U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010
Ans. (d)
Ans. (c)
See the explanation of above question.
See the explanation of above question.
28. India maintained its early cultural contacts and trade
24. From the third century AD when the Huna invasion
links with south-East Asia across the Bay of Bengal.
ended the Roman Empire, the Indian merchants relied
For this pre-eminence of the early maritime history
more and more on the :
of Bay of Bengal, which of the following could be the
(a) African trade most convincing explanation/explanations?
(b) Western-European trade (a) As compared to other countries, India had a better
(c) South-East Asian trade shipbuilding technology in ancient and medieval times
(d) Middle-Eastern trade (b) The rulers of Southern India always patronized traders,
I.A.S. (Pre) 1999 brahmin priests and Buddhist monks in this context
Ans. (c) (c) Monsoon winds across the Bay of Bengal facilitated
sea voyages
When the Huna invasion ended the Roman empire in 3rd
(d) Both (a) and (b) are convincing explanations in this
century A.D. the Indian merchants relied more and more on
context
the South East Asian Trade.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2011
25. Which one of the following ports was in use for the Ans. (c)
north Indian trade during the Gupta period? India maintained its early cultural contacts and trade links
(a) Kalyan (b) Tamralipti
with South East Asia across the Bay of Bengal, as the
(c) Broach (d) Cambay
monsoon winds originated from the Bay of Bengal facilitated
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019 the cruise, which in turn enhanced trade and cultural contacts.
Ans. (e) Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2012 32. Who among the following is known for his Ayurvedic
Ans. (c)
thematic composition during Gupta period?
Guilds were very important in the economy of ancient India. (a) Saumilla (b) Shudraka
These organizations were established by merchants for the (c) Shunaka (d) Sushruta
proper regulation of their trade. Guilds had the judicial U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002
power of their members and also had the power to ensure the I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
salary, rules of job, standards and prices. Every guild had its Ans. (*)
head without any intervention by the kingdom. It was also
important for governing the local bodies. See the explanation of above question.
(c) Chandragupta- II (d) Ghatotkach (a) Gupta period (b) Pratihara era
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991 (c) Rashtrakut (d) Satavahana era
Ans. (a) 40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
Ans. (a)
Gupta Samvat was started by Chandragupta-I during 319
AD. During the Gupta period, towns declined gradually. All the
45. Match List-I with the List-II and select the correct towns which were prosperous in the valley, most of them
answer from the codes given below: had declined in that age. A major city, Patliputra became
List - I List - II village when Hiuen-Tsang came to India. Mathura, Sonpur,
Sohgama- all major cities provided evidence of a decline in
(Emperor) (Titles)
this age. So, we can say that the gradual decline of towns is
A. Ashoka 1. Parakramank
an important feature of the Gupta period.
B. Samudragupta 2. Priyadarsin
C. Chandragupta-II 3. Kramaditya 48. Which ruling dynasty donated maximum villages to
D. Skandgupta 4. Vikramaditya temples and Brahmins?
Code : (a) Gupta Dynasty (b) Pala Dynasty
A B C D (c) Rashtrakuta (d) Pratihara
(a) 1 2 3 4 39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
(b) 3 2 1 4 Ans. (a)
(c) 2 1 4 3 The ruler of Gupta dynasty donated a maximum number of
(d) 4 3 2 1 villages to temples and Brahmins. Also, the income generated
U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015 from the land of the village used to be given to the owner
Ans. (c) of the land.
The correctly matched list is as follows - 49. In Ancient India, which dynasty’s rule is considered
Ashoka - Priyadarsina as the Golden Age?
Samudragupta - Parakramanka
(a) Mauryan (b) Shunga
Chandragupta-II - Vikramaditya
(c) Gupta (d) Magadha
Skandgupta - Kramaditya
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
46. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer Ans. (c)
from the code given below the lists.
Gupta period in ancient India is considered as the golden age
List–I List-II
due to the excellent development in the field of art and culture.
(Kings) (Queens)
53. What is the valid tax according to Hindu law? Uncultivable lands were called 'Aprahat'. It was a term of the
(a) Half of the yields revenue system in the Gupta period.
(b) One-sixth of the yields
57. With reference to the history of India, the terms
(c) One-third of the yields
(d) One-fourth of the yields "kulyavapa" and "dronavapa" denote
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992 (a) measurement of land
Ans. (b) (b) coins of different monetary value
See the explanation of above question. (c) classification of urban land
(d) religious rituals
54. The Gupta Empire granted tax-free agrarian land to
which of the following? I.A.S. (Pre) 2020
(a) Military officials (b) Civil officials Ans. (a)
(c) Brahmins (d) Courts scholars
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014 Kulyavapa & dronavapa were different measurements of land
Ans. (c) during the Gupta period.
The Gupta Empire granted tax-free agrarian land to religious 58. In ancient India, the irrigation tax was called –
functionaries, i.e. Brahmins. (a) Bidakabhagam (b) Hiranya
Maurya
(a) Copper pots (b) Gold Jewelleries
(c) Iron implements (d) Elephant-teeth work I.A.S. (Pre) 2002
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001 Ans. (d)
Ans. (c) According to Dr. K.P. Jayaswal, Visakhadatta and
Warangal was famous for production of iron equipment. Chandragupta were contemporary. His play “Mudrarakshasa’
‘Agaria’ people lived there, and iron making was the describes the actions of Chandragupta Maurya. He described
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traditional occupation for them. the presence of ‘Durabhisandhi’ in the court of Chandragupta
Maurya.
60. Tormad was from the racial group of –
(a) Sithian (b) Huna 64. In ancient period, which Varna was also called as
(c) Yaochi (d) Saka 'Sarthavaha'?
I.A.S. (Pre) 1995 (a) Brahmana (b) Kshatriya
Ans. (b) (c) Vaishya (d) Shudra
Tormad was the leader of the second Huna invasion on India. M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (c)
61. Who amongst the following had defeated Huna ruler
Mihirakula? Proper rules of conduct for trade were prescribed by the head
(a) Budhagupta (b) Yashodharman of trade guilds, known as Sarthavaha or Srenipramukh. The
(c) Shashanka (d) Prabhakaravardhana rules were called Samay and Srenidharma. Hence, the term
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 Sarthavaha is associated with the Vaishya.
Ans. (b)
65. Read the following statements carefully–
Mihirkula was of central Asian Huna origin who was
1. Gupta Emperors claimed divine rights for themselves
one of the most important Hephthalite emperors. The
2. Their administration was highly centralized
Gwalior inscription showed his territory which included
Gwalior. Mihirkula suffered a defeat by the Aulikara king 3. They extended the tradition of land grants.
Yasodharman of Malwa in 528 A.D. Answer on the basis of the following codes :
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are true
62. Chinese traveller 'Sungyun' was came to India in:
(b) 1 and 2 are true
(a) 515 AD to 520 AD
(c) 1 and 3 are true
(b) 525 AD to 529 AD
(d) 2 and 3 are true
(c) 545 AD to 552 AD
(d) 592 AD to 597 AD Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above Ans. (c)
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016 There was a monarchy in the Gupta Empire. They believed
Ans. (a) in their supernatural origin (opposite to Mauryas). They
Chinese traveller 'Sungyun' came to India in 518 to 521 AD. extended the tradition of land donation. Though it was not
He collected texts of Buddha's preaching in his three years centralised, but the federal system was followed. So, option
of travel. 1 and 3 are correct.
Maharshi Patanjali is known as the founder of ‘Yoga founder of Nath sect. Hath Yog technique was also adopted
Darshan.’ Although the history of yoga in Indian tradition is by the Sufi Saints. Hath Yog related techniques can be seen
very old. The description about yoga is found in Upanishad, in the Persian book 'Bahar-Al-Hayat' written by Sufi Saint
Mahabharat, Bhagavad Geeta, Jain and Buddha texts. of Shatari order Mohammad Gaus.
However, Maharshi Patanjali explained it as a compact
79. The writer of Mahabhashya ‘Patanjali’ was contemporary
philosophical theory. So it is called as 'Patanjali Darshan’.
of–
75. The inventor of Yoga was – (a) Chandragupta Maurya (b) Ashoka
(a) Aryabhatta (b) Charaka (c) Pushyamitra Shunga (d) Chandragupta I
(c) Patanjali (d) Ramdeva U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 Ans. (c)
Ans. (c) Patanjali (the author of Mahabhashya) was contemporary to
See the explanation of above question. Pushymitra Shunga (184-148 BC).
80. The founder of school of Navya-Nyaya was:
76. When is International Yoga Day celebrated ? (a) Raghunath Shiromani
(a) 2 April (b) 21 June (b) Gangesh
(c) 5 June (d) 21 May (c) Sridhara
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 (d) Udayana
Ans. (b) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
International Yoga day is celebrated annually on 21 June Ans. (b & d)
since its inception in 2015. The foundation of Navya-Nyaya school was the result of
77. Which one of the following is not part of “Ashtanga- the revolutionary work of Mithila based scholar Udayana or
yoga”? Udayanacharya and after that Gangesh.
(a) Anusmriti (b) Pratyahara 81. “Live well, as long as you live. Live well even by
(c) Dhyana (d) Dharana borrowing, for once cremated, there is no return.” This
(e) None of these rejection of afterlife is an aphorism of the:
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 (a) Kapalika Sects
Ans. (a) (b) Sunyavada of Nagarjuna
Code :
Ans. (c)
A B C D
Charvaka originally, known as Lokayata is the ancient (a) 2 4 1 3
school of Indian materialism. Charvaka holds direct per- (b) 4 3 1 2
ception, empiricism and conditional inference as a proper (c) 1 4 2 3
source of knowledge embraces philosophical scepticism and (d) 3 4 1 2
rejects Vedas, Vedic ritualism and supernaturalism. Ajita U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019
Kesakambali is credited as the forerunner of the Charvakas. Ans. (b)
Charvaka believed that there is nothing wrong with sensual Following are the matches :-
pleasure since it is impossible to have pleasure without pain,
List–I List-II
Charvaka thought that wisdom lay in enjoying pleasure and
(Philosophy) (Methods to achieve
avoiding pain as far as possible. Unlike many of the philoso-
Salvation)
phies of the time, Charvaka did not believe in austerities or
Nyaya Darshan Logical thinking
rejecting pleasure out of fear of pain and held such reason-
Mimamsa Darshan Performing
ing to be foolish. The Sarvasiddhanta samgraha states the
vedic rituals
Charvaka position or pleasure and hedonisms as follows -
"The enjoyment of heaven lies in eating delicious food Sankhya Darshan Acquisition of real
keeping good company of young women, using fine clothes, knowledge
perfumes, garlands sandal paste..... while Moksha is death Vedanta Darshan Knowledge of self
which is cessation of life breath..... the wise therefore ought Philosophy - Propagator
Nyaya - Gautam
not to take pains on account of Moksha."
Mimamsa Darshan - Gemini
83. The Nyaya Philosophical system was propagated by: Sankhya Darshan - Kapil
(a) Charvaka (b) Gautama Vedanta Darshan - Badarayana
(c) Kapila (d) Jaimini Veisheshik Darshan - Ulook kanad
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005 Yoga Darshan - Patanjali
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005 85. Author of ‘Nyaya Darshan’ was-
Ans. (b) (a) Gautama (b) Kapila
‘Nyaya Darshan’ was propagated by Gautama who is also (c) Kanad (d) Jaimini
known as ‘Akshapada.’ The word ‘Nyaya’ means decision U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
Ans. (a)
or logic. Nyaya Darshan recognizes the existence of 16
substances or elements. The original text of Nyaya Darshan is See the explanation of above question.
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above Bin Qasim annexed Sindh region in the early 8 century, but
th
capital. Hari Varma, Aditya Varma, Ishan Varma, Sarva (c) Thanesar and Vallabhi
Verma and Graha Varma were chief rulers of this dynasty. (d) Vallabhi and Prayaga
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001
102. Information regarding time of Harsha is contained in
Ans. (a)
the books of :
(a) Harisena (b) Kalhana Harsha held a massive council of various religions and
(c) Kalidasa (d) None of these sects in Kannauj to prove the excellence of Mahayana over
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995 other religions. According to Chinese evidence, rulers of
Ans. (b)
20 countries along with their eminent Brahmins, Shramads,
Detailed information regarding Harsha is received from courtiers, etc. arrived there. This meet was presided over by
Harshacharita, written by Banabhatta who was court poet of Hiuen Tsang. A function used to be held at Sangam region of
Harsha. Some information regarding him is also available from Prayaga every fifth year of Harsha’s rule, which is stated as
Rajatarangini written by Kalhana. There is no information about ‘Mahamoksha council.’ Hiuen Tsang himself attended the 6 th
(a) Kirtivarman II (b) Vikramaditya II After the decline of the Guptas, the Later Guptas succeeded as
the rulers of Magadha during the eartly seventh century. They
(c) Pulkeshin I (d) Pulakeshin II ruled parts of the Northern India including Magadha (current
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016 day Bihar). Hence statement 1 is correct. The Paramara
Ans. (d) dynasty ruled the western and central parts of India including
Malwa, between the 9th and 14th century AD, before being
See the explanation of above question. captured by Delhi Sultanate rulers. Hence statement 2 is
not correct. The Pushyabhutis of Thanesar (current day
110. The Chalukyan ruler Pulakesin's victory over Harsha Harayana) ruled various parts of Northern India during the
was in the year – 6th and 7th century AD. Hence statement 3 is correct. The
Maukharis dynasty ruled over parts of Uttar Pradesh and
(a) 612 A.D. (b) 618 A.D. Magadha including Kannauj. The dynasty ruled till around
(c) 622 A.D. (d) 634 A.D. 606 AD when it was reconquered by the Later Guptas. Hence
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 statement 4 is correct. The Yadavas of Devagiri ruled from
around 1187 to 1317 AD in western parts of India. Hence
Ans. (b)
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to Altekar, the battle between Harsha and Pulakesin was (a) Pataliputra (b) Thanesar
fought sometime between 630 to 634 AD. The first reason (c) Bhojpur (d) None of the above
in support of, this battle is the result between battle of the 41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996
Vallabhi which itself cannot be said to be fought before 630 Ans. (d)
AD. Again Pulakeshin's lohnara inscription of 630 AD which Banabhatta, the poet, was born in the village Prithikuta, on
mentions the name of his defeated enemies do not include the the bank of Son River in Aurangabad district (Present Bihar).
name of Harsha, but Aihole inscription of 634 AD mentions The name of his father and mother was Chitrabhanu and
this battle. In these conditions, the correct timing be between Rajdevi respectively.
630 AD and 634 AD, so the nearest answer can be option
(d). In April 2016, researchers from the Bhandarkar Oriental 113. In whose reign-period the Chinese Traveller Hiuen-
Research institute claimed that the date of Pulakeshin's Tsang visited India ?
great triumph over Harsha could be fixed at 618 AD. This (a) Chandragupta - II (b) Harsh
information was based on a recently discovered copper plate (c) Chandragupta Maurya (d) Chandragupta- I
inscription of Pulakeshin II. Jharkhand Provincial Service U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
Commission has accepted option (b) as the correct answer. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ans. (b)
111. From the decline of Guptas until the rise of
Harshavardhana in the early seventh century, which The arrival of Hiuen-Tsang was the most important event
of the following kingdoms were holding power in of Harsha’s period. His desire was to visit the places related
Northern India?
1. The Guptas of Magadha to Mahatma Buddha and study Buddhist texts, which was
2. The Paramaras of Malwa available in India. He departed for India in 629 AD from
3. The Pushyabhutis of Thanesar Changan, the capital of Tang Ruler. He wrote a book on his
4. The Maukharis of Kanauj
5. The Yadavas of Devagiri tour to India named ‘Sei-Yu-Kei.’
6. The Maitrakas of Valabhi 114. Which Chinese traveller visited India during
Select the correct answer using the code given below
(a) 1, 2 and 5 (b) 1, 3, 4 and 6 Harshavardhana’s rules?
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 5 and 6 (a) Fa-Hien (b) Hiuen-Tsang
In the sources of post-Harsha period, Hundi was treated as 118. Who sent Hiuen-Tsang as an emissary in the court of
a 'bill of exchange'. Harsha ?
As per RBI 'Hundis refer to financial instruments evolved on (a) Taai-Sunga (b) Tung-Kuaan
the Indian-subcontinent used in trade and credit transactions.' (c) Ku-Yen-Vu (d) None of above
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007
116. The famous Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien visited India
Ans. (d)
during the reign of -:
(a) Chandragupta I Hiuen-Tsang was a contemporary of Taai-Sunga. Taai-Sunga
(b) Chandragupta II had banned the foreign tours in the West for his citizens, but
(c) Ramagupta Hiuen-Tsang came to India by silk-route in 629 AD. After
(d) Srigupta 13 years of his migration, when he went back to China, the
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above emperor welcomed him and appointed him as his spiritual
63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017 advisor. On emperor’s request, he composed his experiences
Ans (b) in- “A Record of the Western Regions.”
Fa-Hien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta-II 119. During Hiuen Tsang tour in India most famous city for
(375AD - 415AD). the production of cotton clothes was –
(a) Varanasi (b) Mathura
117. The Chinese traveller Yuan Chwang (Hiuen Tsang),
(c) Pataliputra (d) Kanchi
who visited India recorded the general conditions and
41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996
culture of India at that time. In this context, which of Ans. (b)
the following statements is/are correct?
The traveller of China Hiuen-Tsang arrived in India
1. The roads and river-routes were completely
during Harsha’s period and stayed here. According to
immune from robbery.
Hiuen-Tsang, Mathura was famous for the production
2. As regards punishment for offences ordeals by of cotton textiles. He also mentioned that the reason
fire, water and poison were the instruments for for the prosperity of Thanesar was its trade. Ujjayini
determining the innocence or guilt of a person. as well as Kannauj were economically prosperous too.
3. The tradesmen had to pay duties at ferries and 120. The term ‘Kausheya’ has been used for –
barrier stations. (a) Cotton (b) Flax
Select the correct answer using the codes given below (c) Silk (d) Wool
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these Ans. (c)
121. Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang studied at the University With his desire to see the relics of Buddhism, Chinese
of – traveller I-tsing with his 37 Buddhist associates decided
(a) Taxila (b) Vikramshila to travel to western countries in 671 or 672 AD. Later his
(c) Magadh (d) Nalanda associate left him, and he alone moved to India from Canton
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995 city. He came to India through western sea route and returned
46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003 to China in 693-94 AD via Sumatra.
Ans. (d)
126. Chinese writers mention India by the name of–
The traveller from China, Hiuen Tsang arrived in India (a) Fo-Kwo-ki (b) Yin-tu
during Harsha’s period and went to Nalanda University in (c) Si-Yu-Ki (d) Sikia-Pono
637 AD. Acharya Sheelbhadra was the Vice-Chancellor of U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
Nalanda University at that time. He learned Yogashashtra Ans. (b)
there almost one and half year. He also delivered a speech
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during his second visit to Nalanda University. In ancient days, Chinese writers mentioned India by the
name of ‘Yin-tu’ or ‘Thian-tu’ which means a variation of
122. The major reason behind remembering Hiuen-Tsang is-
Hindu or Sindhu.
(a) Respect for Harsha
(b) Study in Nalanda 127. Nalanda University was destroyed by –
(c) Trust in Buddhas (a) Muslims (b) Kushans
(d) Composition of Sei-Yu-Kei (c) Scythians (d) Mughals
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992 43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
Ans. (d) Ans. (a)
Hiuen Tsang wrote a text ‘ Sei-yu-Kei’ based on his journey. Nalanda University attracted scholars and students from
He is remembered for this composition as it consists of Tibet, China, Greece and Persia. It was ransacked and
several information about ancient India. destroyed by the army of Bakhtiyar Khilji at the end of the
123. The Chinese traveller who visited Bhinmal was : twelfth century. It can be seen as the coup de grace (final
(a) Fahien (b) Sangyun blow) to the decline of Buddhism in India.
(c) Hieun Tsang (d) I-tsing 128. Nalanda Vihar was destroyed by :
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2007 (a) Bakhtiyar Khalji
Ans. (c)
(b) Qutubddin Aibak
Hiuen Tsang was a Chinese traveller who arrived in India (c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
during Harsha’s period. He also travelled to Bhinmal. His (d) Alauddin Khalji
composition is known as ‘Sei-Yu-Kei.’ He was a Buddhist. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
124. The famous Travelogue ‘Si-Yu-Ki’ is linked with 60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
(a) Fahien (b) Al Biruni Ans. (a)
(c) Megasthenes (d) Hiuen-Tsang See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016
Ans. (d) 129. The most ancient monastery in India is-
(a) Nalanda
Si-Yu-Ki is a Buddhist record composed by Chinese traveller
(b) Udantpuri
Hiuen-Tsang. It contains the record of his travels.
(c) Vikramshila
125. Chinese traveller I-tsing was on the tour of Bihar in about (d) Bhaja
(a) 405 A.D. (b) 635 A.D. R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992
(c) 637 A.D. (d) None of the above Ans. (a)
143. Match the following and select the correct answer from Century) is the best among these temples. There is a description
the codes given below : of the construction of 85 temples in Khajuraho. *These temples
A. Bhoj 1. Ujjain are related to the Vaishnava, Shaiva, Shakta and Jainism in an-
B. Durgawati 2. Vidisha
cient India. *Matangesvara temple of Khajuraho is dedicated
C. Samudragupta 3. Dhar
to Lord Shiva. This temple was built during King Dhanga’s
D. Ashoka 4. Gondwana
Code : empire. These temples were constructed in Nagara Architecture.
A B C D *Parshvanath temple is famous among Jain temples. The other
(a) 4 3 2 1 temples here are -Chausath Yogini, Brahma, Lalguan Mahadev,
(b) 3 4 1 2 Lakshmana, Vishvanath Temple, etc. *Khajuraho temples,
(c) 4 3 1 2
Bhimbetka rock shelters and Sanchi Stupa are listed among
(d) 3 4 2 1
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.
Ans. (d) *Ajanta and Bagh caves are the example of cave paintings
The correctly matched list is as follows : during Gupta period. Ajanta Caves are located in Aurangabad
Bhoj - Dhar district of Maharashtra. An earlier group of these caves were
Durgawati - Gondwana built during the Satavahana period and later a major part of
Samudragupta - Vidisha
Ashoka - Ujjain the caves were made during the Vakataka period. *The stone
carvings are seen as a work of masterpiece in India. *Cave 16
144. With reference to the history of India, consider the
has an important painted theme depicted and cave 17 had a
following pairs :
Famous Place Present State well-preserved painting of Vakataka age that includes a huge
1. Bhilsa - Madhya Pradesh gigantic wheel representing the “Wheel of Life.”
2. Dwarasamudra - Maharashtra *The paintings of Bodhisattva Padampani are one of the
3. Girinagar - Gujarat most famous art structures in the cave I of Ajanta. Padampani
4. Sthanesvara - Uttar Pradesh
in Sanskrit literally translates into "one who holds the lotus".
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
The Bodhisattva Padmapani sits among a crowd of devotees,
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 2 and 4 only both princesses and commoners with long, dark hair flowing
I.A.S. (Pre) 2020 down below a jewelled crown. He stands holding his attribute,
Ans (a) a blue lotus flower in his right hand.
is world-famous for rocky cave temples. There are total of their gateways which were called ‘Gopurams’, were elegant and
34 rock caves here. These caves belong to different periods spacious and were embellished with abundant craftsmanship.
and among them, 1 to 12 belongs to Buddhists and 13 to 29 *Narasimhan Varman-I (Mahamalla) (640-674 AD) was one
to Hindus and 30 to 34 to Jains, which were made at some of the most famous Pallava kings and Mamallan style was
years apart from one another. *Kailasa temple of Ellora is an developed during his tenure. Narasimha was a good wrestler.
example of rock-cut architecture. Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna-I The city of Mamallapuram was named after him. Seven Ratha
built this temple in Dravidian style. *Nasik caves of Nasik are Temple was built by Narshimha Varman-I which is adorned
also known as ‘Pandavleni’. with seven rock-cut pagodas.
*Rashtrakuta kings also patronized followers of *Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) is situated on the seashore
the Shaiva, Vaishnava and Shakta faiths but they were about 55 km south of Chennai, is well known for its architectural
inclined towards Jainism since many of the scholars who beauty and is recognized as a world heritage monument by
flourished in their courts and wrote in Sanskrit, Kannada and the UNESCO. Shore Temple, Rathas (Chariots) carved out
a few in Apabhramsha and in Prakrit were Jains. *King of a single rock, Arjuna's penance and other cave temples are
Amoghavarsha - I was the disciple of the Jain Acharya some of the famous wonders. Mahabalipuram was a place of
Jinasena, the author of Adipurana. pilgrimage even before the Pallava period. Mahabalipuram was
*Konark Sun Temple is a 13th Century Sun Temple in Odisha, a famous centre of Pallava art and architecture. *Draupadi
built by King Narasimhadeva –I. It was conceived as a huge Rath is the smallest rath in monolithic temples or rath
solar chariot with twelve pairs of exquisitely ornamental constructed in Mamallya style in Pallava period. There is no
wheels dragged by seven rearing horses. The monument is ornamentation found. It is pinned over lions and elephant-like
also called as Black Pagoda. sculptures.
*Lingaraj Temple is one of the most popular temples of Odi- *The Korangnath Temple of Srinivasanallur was built during
sha. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva who is also known the period of Chola ruler Parantaka- I. *Construction of Ra-
as Lingaraj. *Lingaraj temple is approximately 180 ft. in height jarajeshwara and Brihadisvara Temple in Tanjore was done
and enshrines a huge statue of Lord Shiva. This temple is made during the era of Raja Raja- I. Granite stones have been used in
up of Nagara architecture and is one of the finest examples of its construction. *During the reign of Rajaraja’s son Rajendra
Nagara architecture. *Jagannath Temple is located in Puri dis- Chola, the temple was constructed at Gangaikonda Cholapuram.
State. This temple is named after Lord Shiva, which is known 4. The rulers of Chandela built–
as Virupaksha here. (a) Sanchi (b) Ujjain
*The Nagara, Dravida and Vesara are the three main styles (c) Gwalior (d) Khajuraho
of temple architecture. Nagara style is prevalent throughout M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
Ans. (d)
North India.The temples of Orissa are pure of this style. *The
Dravidian style was spread in South India, especially in the See the explanation of above question.
up his bones to the Gods here.The bone of Sage Dadhichi was Pradesh. Most of these were built between 950 to1050 A.D.
used to make the weapon (Vajra). This weapon was then used by Chandela dynasty. According to historical records, there
by Lord Indra to defeat the Asuras. were 85 temples built at the site of Khajuraho.
1. The associates of Khajuraho Temple Architecture were – 6. The temples of Khajuraho were built by the rulers of
(a) Chandela (b) Gurjara-Pratihara which of the following dynasties?
(c) Chahamana (d) Paramara (a) Baghel (b) Parmar
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
(c) Chandel (d) Bundela
M.P.P.S.C. (Pre) 1993
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
Khajuraho temple evidences the excellence of Chandela
See the explanation of above question.
architecture. These temples are located in Chhatarpur district
of Madhya Pradesh. They were built between 950 to1050 A.D. 7. Matangesvara Temple at Khajuraho is dedicated to
Kandariya Mahadev temple is the best among these temples.
(a) Vishnu (b) Shiva
2. The Temple of Kandariya Mahadev at Khajuraho was (c) Surya (d) Parvati
built by – U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
(a) Parmara (b) Chedi Ans. (b)
(c) Rashtrakuta (d) Chandela
Matangesvara Temple of Khajuraho is dedicated to Lord
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
Shiva. This temple was built during King Dhanga’s reign
Ans. (d) between 950 to1050 AD. These temples were constructed
See the explanation of above question. in Nagara architecture.
3. Which dynasty gave India its famous temples of 8. Which of the following temples is not located at
Khajuraho? Khajuraho?
are listed among the UNESCO world heritage site in India. marvellous marble stone carvings. This temple was built by
Mandu fort is not listed in the world heritage site. Vimal Shah who was the feud of the then Chalukya ruler of
10. The pinnacle of which of the following is built in Gujarat, Bheemdev - I . t
Dravida style?
14. Palitana temple is located near –
(a) Bhitargaon Temple
(a) Bhavnagar (b) Mount Abu
(b) Teli Temple of Gwalior
(c) Nasik (d) Ujjain
(c) Kandaria Mahadeo Temple
(d) Oriya Temple I.A.S. (Pre) 2008
U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 Ans. (a)
Ans. (b) The Palitana temple of Jainism is located on Shatrunjaya hill
Teli Temple of Gwalior presents a perfect fusion of the near the city of Palitana in Bhavnagar district, Gujarat. This
Northern and Southern architectural styles of India. The temple dedicated to 1st Jain Thirthankara Adinatha.
Shikhar (pinnacle) of the Temple is Dravidian in style,
15. The Elephanta caves were mainly sculptured for which
whereas the ornamentation is done in the Nagara style.
of the following devotees?
11. Which centre consists of more than 100 Buddha caves? (a) Buddhist (b) Jain
(a) Ajanta (b) Karley (c) Shaiva (d) Vaishnava
(c) Kanheri (d) Rajgrih U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
The Kanheri caves constitute a group of rock-cut monuments
Elephanta caves are believed to have been built by the
that are located to the north of Borivali on the western
Rashtrakuta dynasty. This island is located on an arm
outskirts of Mumbai. The Kanheri caves demonstrate
Buddhist influence on the art and culture of India built during of the Arabian Sea, consists of two groups of caves–the
1st century BC. first is a large group of five Hindu caves, the second
one includes a smaller group of two Buddhist caves.
12. In which of the following rock-cut caves eleven headed
Bodhisattava image is depicted? The Hindu caves contain rock cut stone sculptures,
(a) Ajanta (b) Ellora representing the Shaiva Hindu sect, dedicated to Lord Shiva.
(c) Kanheri (d) Karle The Trimurti of Elephanta showing the three faces of Shiva
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 is akin to the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh (Shiva),
Ans. (c) which was the royal insignia of the Rashtrakutas.
paintings of Ajanta caves. Where is the other surviving 23. Which of the following temples is an example of rock-
cut architecture ?
examples of Gupta paintings?
(a) Shore Temple, Mamallapuram.
(a) Bagh caves (b) Elora caves (b) Rajarajeshwara temple, Thanjavur.
(d) Lomas Rishi caves (d) Nasik caves (c) Kailasa Temple, Ellora.
(d) Jagannatha Temple, Puri.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2010
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
Ans. (a) Ans. (c)
Another excellent example of cave painting during the Gupta Kailasa temple of Ellora is an example of rock-cut
period is Bagh caves. These cave paintings reflect normal
architecture. Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna–I built this temple
public life. While Ajanta cave paintings belonged to Buddhist
in Dravidian style.
religion, Lomas Rishi caves are related to the Mauryan
period, which is located in Barabara hills, Jahanabad district 24. The rock-cut caves in western India are located in –
(a) Nasik, Ellora and Ajanta
of Bihar, Nasik caves belong to Satavahana period.
(b) Junar, Kalyan and Pitalkhora
20. Ellora cave temples are related to– (c) Ajanta, Bhaja and Kondane
1. Hinduism 2. Buddhism (d) Bhaja, Pitalkhora and Kondane
3. Jainism I.A.S. (Pre) 1993
Choose right answer from codes: Ans. (a)
Ajanta is famous for Buddhist cave temples while Elephanta See the explanation of above question.
is famous for its Shaiva temples, Khajuraho is known for
30. Which dynasty of rulers is associated with the
Shaiva, Vaishnava and Jain temples and Nalanda is famous
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Kailasa (cave 16 of Ellora) is a remarkable example (a) Govind- III (b) Krishna- I
of Dravidian architecture on account of its striking (c) Krishna- II (d) Krishna- III
proportion, elaborate workmanship, architectural content and (e) None of these
sculptural ornamentation of rock-cut architecture. The temple Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
was built by Krishna I Rashtrakuta dynasty. It is designed to
Ans. (b)
recall Mount Kailasa, the home of Lord Shiva.
See the explanation of above question.
28. Which dynasty constructed the Ellora Kailasa Temple ?
(a) Rashtrakuta (b) Satvahana 33. Which religion had Rashtrakuta protection?
(c) Maurya (d) Pallava (a) Buddha (b) Jain
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005 (c) Shaiva (d) Shakta
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001 U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996 Ans. (b)
district of Maharashtra. The Kailasa temple of Ellora is 1. The caves at Badami are the oldest surviving rock-
the finest example of rock-cut art, which was built by cut caves in India,
Rashtrakutas. 2. The Barabar rock-cut caves were originally made
for Ajivikas by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya.
35. The caves of Ajanta and Ellora are in - 3. At Ellora, caves were made for different faiths.
(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Madhya Pradesh Which of the statements given above is /are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Maharashtra (d) Rajasthan
(c) Only 3 (d) All of these
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993 I.A.S. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
See the explanation of above question. The caves at Badami are not oldest surviving rock-cut caves
in India, but Bhimbetka rock shelters are the oldest surviving
36. In which one of the following places, the cave temples rock-cut caves in India. Ashoka in his 12 year after his
th
built by the Rashtrakutas in the Ellora mountains are coronation donated a cave to the Ajivikas in the Barabar Hills.
located? Barabar Hill consists of four caves named Karan Chaupar,
(a) Aurangabad (Maharashtra) Lomas Rishi caves, Sudama and Vishva Zopari. Ellora caves
were made for different faiths. In these caves, 12 belong to
(b) Nasik (Maharashtra)
Buddhist, 17 belong to Hindus and 5 belong to Jains. Thus
(c) Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh)
statement 1 and 2 are wrong while statement 3 is correct.
(d) Golconda (Andhra Pradesh)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009 39. The art of Ajanta was mainly patronized by the –
Ans. (a) (a) Chalukyas (b) Pallavas
(c) Vakatakas (d) Gangas
See the explanation of above question. Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (c)
37. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct
answer from the codes given below: Ajanta Caves are located in Aurangabad district of
List – I List – II Maharashtra. An earlier group of these caves were built
(Gupta Temple ) (Location) during the Satavahana period and later a major part of the
A. Brick-built Temple 1. Eran caves were made during the Vakataka period. These stone
B. Dasavatara Temple 2. Deogarh carvings are seen as a work of masterpiece in India. In Ajanta
C. Shiva Temple 3. Bhitargaon caves, exquisite carvings were done out of the mountain rock.
D. Vishnu Temple 4. Bhumara These are the cave temples of Buddha and have mystical
Code : figures of the Lord and others.
See the explanation of above question. (iii) Dashavatara Temple – Deogarh (U.P.)
82. Where is the Dilwara Jain temple is located? 86. Naimisharanya famous pilgrimage is located in which
(a) Assam (b) Uttar Pradesh of the following district?
(c) Rajasthan (d) Madhya Pradesh (a) Ujjain (b) Mathura
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991 (c) Sitapur (d) Jabalpur
Ans. (c) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
Ans. (c)
See the explanation of above question.
Naimisharanya is located in Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh. It is
83. Where is the famous Virupaksha temple located? believed that Sage Dadhichi gladly gave up his bones to
(a) Bhadrachalam (b) Chidambaram Devas here. The bone of Sage Dadhichi was used to make
(c) Hampi (d) Srikalahasti the weapon Vajra. This weapon was then used by Lord Indra
I.A.S. (Pre) 2009 to defeat the Asuras to reclaim as the king of Devloka.
Ans. (c)
87. With reference to the Indian history of art and culture,
The Virupaksha Temple is located at Hampi, Bengaluru in consider the following pairs :
Famous work of Site
the state of Karnataka. This temple is devoted to Lord Shiva,
sculpture
who is known as Virupaksha here. 1. A grand image of Buddha’s : Ajanta
Mahaparinirvan a with numerous
84. The Nagara, the Dravida the Vesara are :
celestial musicians above and the
(a) The three main racial groups of the Indian subcontinent. sorrowful figures of his followers
(b) The three main linguistic divisions into which the below
languages of India can be classified. 2. A huge image of Varaha Avatar : Mount Abu
(c) The three main styles of Indian temple architecture. (boar incarnation) of Vishnu, as he
(d) The three main musical gharanas were prevalent in India. rescues Goddess Earth from the
deep and shaotic waters, sculpted
I.A.S. (Pre) 2012
on rock
I.A.S. (Pre) 1995 3. ‘Arjuna’s Penance”/Descent of :Mamallapuram
Ans. (c) Ganga’’ Sculpted on the surface
of huge boulders
The Nagara, Dravida and Vesara are three main styles of
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
temple architecture. In these, the Dravida style of the temple matched?
construction was developed in South India while the Nagara (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
style of temples construction was developed in North India. (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
I.A.S. (Pre) 2014
Vesara style is a mixture of Nagara and Dravidian styles. Ans. (c)
sacrarium which is believed to be the tallest Nandi idol of India. of western Gangas, Monas and Vaidunbas led by Rashtrakuta
*Chola Kings maintained massive consolidated troops with a King Krishna - III at Takkolam. The battle fought in 949 AD
proficient naval power wing. The Chola navy played a vital role resulted in the defeat of Cholas and the death of Rajaditya in
in the expansion of the Chola Empire including the conquests the battlefield.
of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) islands and naval raids on Srivijaya, *Pallava ruler Singhvishnu (575-600 AD) assumed the title of
Sinhala and Maldives. ‘Avanisingh’. *He defeated the kings of Chola, Pandya, Singhal
*The golden era of Chola empire started with the accession
and Kalmra. * Narasimhavarman I (630 - 668 AD) assumed
of Rajaraja- I to the throne. Rajaraja- I was the first Chola
the title of ‘Mahamall’. *Parmeshvar Varman I (670-700 AD)
king who created Naval Army. *Rajendra Chola-I was
assumed the title of Lokaditya, Ekamall, Rananjaya, Atyantkam,
a Chola emperor, who is considered as one of the greatest
Ugradand, Gudbhajan, etc. *Mahendravarman-I (600-630 AD)
rulers and military generals of India. He succeeded his
composed a humour book titled ‘Mattvilasprahasan’.
father, Rajaraja Chola-I. *Rajendra -I annexed the whole of The list of various ports is available in ‘Periplus of the
Srilanka and adopted the title of Gangaikonda. Rajendra-I Erythraean Sea", the famous book of an anonymous Greek
founded a new capital called Gangaikonda. Cholapuram. It is sailor. Tondi, Mushiri and Nelisanda were the main ports of the
identified with modern Ganga Kondapuram in Tiruchirapalli western coast. At present, the ancient city of Vatapi in Bijapur
district of Tamil Nadu. Chola navy was the strongest in the district (Karnataka) is known as Badami. It was the capital of
area, and they converted the Bay of Bengal into Chola lake. Chalukyas during the 6-7th century. Pulakesin - I was the real
*Chola Gangam Ponneri was an artificial lake constructed founder of Vatapi’s Chalukya dynasty. Women were appointed
by Chola king Rajendra Chola-I in the memory of his victory to high designations in Chalukya administration. *Vijaya
over rulers of Ganga river basin including Bengal Kings and Bhattarika, the Queen of Chandraditya (brother of Vijayaditya
Kalinga Dynasty. *Vijayabahu, the Ceylon king proclaimed - I), issued two copper plates by her name. She was an excellent
independent Sinhala Island during the period of Kulottunga-I poetess too. Vijayaditya granted a village to a scholar Brahmin
but Kulottunga did not show any incivility and married his on the recommendation of his younger sister Kumkumdevi.
Vijayaditya Bhattarika ran the administration efficiently.
daughter with Sinhala prince Virapperumal. *Generally, Chola
*Pulakesin - II was the most capable and powerful ruler of
emperors used to elect their ‘Yuvraj” during their tenure, who
Chalukyas, who ruled over 610 to 642 AD. Aihole inscription
becomes the heir of Empire after them.
provides the saga of his achievements. *Matwalin was a
*Sangam literature only describes the emergence and
Chinese traveller who has given an account of the relationship
development of Chola, Chera and Pandya rulers. *During the between China and India during the reign of Chalukyas.
reign of Chola ruler Kulotung-I, 1077 AD, a Chola Buddhist
*Indian black pepper was a favourite ingredient of the most
delegation of 72 merchants was sent to China. *The Chola expensive Roman cookery. In Europe, the first spice used was
empire was divided into six provinces for the convenience of pepper, and it gained an enormous social and economic value
administration. *The provinces were called ‘Mandalam’. *A there. Greeks were familiar with the use of black pepper as
Province was divided in ‘Kottam’ or ‘Valnadu’. *It was like early as 4th century BC, though it was probably an uncommon
of cotton. It is mentioned in “Periplus of the Erythraen Sea.” (c) Rajendra-I (d) Rajadhiraja-I
Vengi River was the lifeline of the state of Pandya. The river U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
originates in Kandan Manikanur near Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Ans. (b)
Pandya state was located to the south of Cauvery. It comprises
See the explanation of above question.
the districts of modern Madurai and some regions of Travancore
also. Its capital was Madura. 4. In which region, the Chola empire was expanded?
*Chera was a state of South India located in the present-day (a) Vijayanagara Area
state of Kerala and to a lesser extent, parts of Tamil Nadu. (b) Malabar Coast
The capital of the state of Chera was Vanchi. *The capital (c) Hoysala
of Kadamba rulers was Vanavasi. Kadamba dynasty was (d) Coromandel Coast and some region of Deccan
founded by Mayurasharman. Kadamb state was annexed by
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
Pulakesin - II.
Ans. (d)
*Pandya king of South India sent an ambassador to the kingdom
of Rome in 26 B.C. Pandya dynasty had the longest duration The territories of the Chola Dynasty stretched from south
of reign in South Indian region (almost 200 BC to 1378 A.D.). to north, namely the banks of Tungabhadra river to Krishna
Their capital was Madurai. *Meenakshi temple was originally river. The borderlines of Cholas included Coromandel coast
built by Kulasekara Pandya. It is located in Madurai, and the and some areas of Deccan like - Uraiyur, Kaveripattinam,
lotus-shaped city surrounds it completely. Thanjavur, etc.
1. Who among the following laid the foundation of the 5. The capital of Cholas was -
Chola Empire in the IXth century A.D.? (a) Kaveripattinam (b) Mahabalipuram
(a) Krishna-I (b) Rajraja Chola (c) Kanchi (d) Tanjore
(c) Vijayalaya (d) Parantaka U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016 Ans. (d)
Ans. (c)
According to the given options, the capital of Cholas was
The history of early Cholas of Sangam literature, the Tanjore. Apart from this, later Gangaikondacholapuram also
interregnum between the fall of Sangam Chola and the rise of became the capital of Cholas. The capital of Cholas was
Medieval Chola under Vijayalaya (850 AD.) in the 9th century.
Uraiyur in Sangam era.
2. Which one of the following temple complexes has a massive
6. Which of the following was special feature of Chola
statue of Nandi, considered to be the biggest in India:
administration :
(a) Brihadeeshwara Temple
(b) Lingaraja Temple (a) Division of empire into mandalam
(c) Kandariya Mahadeo Temple (b) Autonomy of village administration
Ans. (*)
(c) Rama (d) Somaskanda
I.A.S. (Pre) 1993 Chola Kings maintained massive consolidated troops with a
Ans. (b) proficient naval power wing. The Chola navy played a vital
See the explanation of above question. role in the expansion of the Chola Empire including the
conquests of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) islands and naval raids on
17. Most famous sculptures of Cholas age were:
Srivijaya, Sinhala and Maldives.
(a) Stone sculptures
(b) Marble sculptures 22. Which among the following dynasties, King declared
(c) Vishnu sculptures
their successor in own tenure?
(d) Bronze sculptures of Nataraja Shiva
(a) Chalukya (b) Chola
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994
(c) Kadamba (d) Kalchuri
Ans. (d)
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (*)
18. The famous bronze image of Nataraja is a fine example Generally, Chola emperors used to elect their ‘Yuvraj” during
of: their tenure who becomes the heir of Empire after them. But
(a) Chola Art (b) Gandhara Art in other emperors also, information is given to give the post
(c) Gupta Art (d) Mauryan Art of Crown Prince to a Prince.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006 23. Who among the following Chola rulers converted
Ans. (a) the Bay of Bengal into a ‘Chola Lake’ ?
(a) Rajaraja-I (b) Rajendra-I
See the explanation of above question.
(c) Adhiraj (d) Kulottunga
19. The ‘Dakshinamurti’ idol of Shiva depicts him in which U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
form? Ans. (b)
(a) Teacher (b) Dancing Rajendra Chola-I was a Chola emperor, who is considered as
(c) Reclining (d) Meditating one of the greatest rulers and military generals of India. He
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 succeeded his father, Rajaraja Chola-I. Rajendra -I annexed
Ans. (a) the whole of Sri Lanka and he defeated Mahipal after that
The Dakshinamurti idol of Shiva depicts him as a mentor adopted the title of Gangaikonda. Rajendra-I founded a new
(Guru, Teacher). Shiva is considered in this form as providing capital called Gangaikonda Cholapuram after him. Chola
knowledge to his devotees. Dakshinamurti Idol is installed navy was the strongest in the area, and they converted the
facing south direction. Bay of Bengal into Chola lake.
select the correct answer from the codes given below: Reason (R) : The Chola rulers adopted the practice
I. Brihadishwar temple of having inscriptions written on the
II. Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple walls of temples giving a historical
narrative of their victories.
III. Shore temple of Mahabalipuram Select the correct answer from the codes given below.
IV. Sapt pagoda Code :
Codes : (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(a) I, II, IV, III (b) II, I, III, IV explanation of (A)
(c) III, II, I, IV (d) IV, III, I, II (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct
U.P.. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
Ans. (d)
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
The chronological order of the establishment of these temples U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020
is- Sapt Pagoda (640-674 AD), shore temples of Mahabali- Ans. (a)
puram (674-800 AD), Brihadishwar temple (during the tenure We have much more information about Cholas rather than
of Raj Raja I) and Gangaikond Cholapuram temple (during their predecessors. Raj Raj - I & Rajendra - I had written
inscriptions on the walls of temples. Rajaraja - I started the
the rule of Rajendra-I).
tradition of writing & collecting the tales of victories of
27. Which Chola King started Naval Army? his ancestors through written inscriptions. Kings after him
(a) Rajendra Chola (b) Parantak Chola followed his suit. Hence Assertion (A) & Reason (R) both
(c) Rajaraja I (d) Rajaraja II are correct. So option (a) is correct.
(e) None of these
31. Who was the Chola monarch who gave complete
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
Ans. (c) freedom to Sri Lanka and got his daughter married
to the Sinhala Prince?
The golden era of the Chola empire started with the accession
(a) Kulottunga I (b) Rajendra
of Rajaraja- I (985 AD) to the throne. Rajaraja- I was the first (c) Adhirajendra (d) Rajadhiraj I
Chola king who created the Naval Army. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
28. Name the Chola King who conquered the northern part Ans. (a)
of Sri Lanka? Vijayabahu, the Ceylon king proclaimed independent Sinhala
(a) Rajaraja-I (b) Rajendra-I Island during the period of Kulottunga-I but Kulottunga did
(c) Parantaka-I (d) Aditya-I
not show any incivility and married his daughter with Sinhala
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
Ans. (a) prince Virapperumal.
58. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer 60. Consider the following events in the history of India :
using codes given below the lists : 1. Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja
List-I List- II 2. Establishment of Pallava power under
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(a) Chalukya King Siddharaja Jayasimha were organised here, which wave presided over by Acharya
(b) Chalukya King Kumarapala Agastya and Nakkirar respectively.
(c) Chola King Kulottunga I
81. Meenakshi Temple is situated here –
(d) Kashmirian King Jayasimha
(a) Chennai (b) Kolkata
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016
(c) Madurai (d) Mahabalipuram
Ans (b)
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
Kumarbala was a chalukya king. He reigned for 29 years. U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
He was a Jain and a disciple of Jain Scholar hemachandra. Ans. (c)
Several medieval Jain scholars wrote chronicles about him.
See the explanation of above question.
As per Jain traditions he was against animal cruelty & sent
his minister to suppress the cruelty against animal in Kashi 82. Match the following :
region. List – I List – II
78. The capital of Kadamba Kings was – A. Meenakshi Mandir 1. Tirumala (Andhra
Greek astronomy. The Milindapanha is a Buddhist text in works of Bhaskaracharya. His book Siddantasiromani has four
Pali language which is a dialogue between the Indian monk parts - Lilavathi, Bijaganita, Ganitadhyay and Goladhayay.
Nagasena and the Indo-Greek king Milinda (Menander). *Aryabhatta was a renowned mathematician and astronomer
*Jai Singh (1128-1149) was the contemporary ruler of of ancient India. One of his major works was Aryabhatiya.
Kashmir. Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini. He The book deals with many topics like astronomy, spherical
completed this pioneer creation during the reign of Jai Singh. trigonometry, arithmetic, algebra and plane trigonometry. *In
(c) 2 3 1 4
C. Raga Vibodh 3. Pundrik Vitthal
D. Chaturdandi 4. Sri Kantha (d) 3 4 1 2
Prakash I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
Codes : Ans. (c)
A B C D
The Mudrarakshasa is a historical drama in Sanskrit by
(a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 4 2 1 3 Vishakhadatta. Varahamihira was a renowned Indian
(c) 2 3 4 1 Astronomer. Brihat Jataka, Brihat Samhita and Panch
(d) 1 2 3 4
Siddhantika are some of his leading literary works. Charaka
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021
Ans (a) was the famous court physician of Kaniska. He is known
(Text) (Author) for his composition Charaka Samhita. Brahmagupta was an
Ragamala Pundrik Vitthal Indian mathematician.
Rasa Kaumudi Sri Kantha
18. Who accepts only Perception?
Raga Vibodh Somanath
Chaturdandi Prakashika Venkatraman (a) Jaina (b) Charvaka
(c) Bauddha (d) Samkhya
16. Which of the following Sanskrit works has taken up Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
their theme from the Mahabharata? Ans. (b)
Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Charvaka rejects notion of an after world Karma of the
recognised means of knowledge. Charvaka recognised only
(i) Naishdhiyacharita (ii) Kiratarjuniyam
direct perception (anubhava).
(iii) Sisupalavadha (iv) Dasakumaracharita
Code : 19. Charvaka philosophical system was also called:
(a) Lokayata system
(a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(b) Astika system
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) Mimansa system
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016 (d) Vaisesika system
Ans. (d)
Naishadhiyacharita is a story of Nala and Damayanti in the Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021
Mahabharata written by Sriharsha; Kiratarjuniyam is an epic Ans (a)
poem describing combat between Arjuna and Lord Shiva in Charvaka philosophical system was also called Lokayata
system. It is a past vedic ancient school of Indian materialism
the Mahabharata. Magha wrote Sisupalavadha which is based which rejects concepts like god and soul, afterlife and
on the Mahabharata in which Sisupala insulted moksha.
medicine known as Ayurveda. It was written by Acharya The Milindapanha is a Buddhist book in Pali language which
Charaka who is known as the father of Indian medicine. purports to be a dialogue between the Indian monk Nagasena
and the Indo-Greek king Milinda (Menander).
22. The Panchasiddhantika of Varahmihira is based upon –
(a) Persian astronomy 26. Buddhist text ‘Milindapanha’ throws light on which
(b) Greek astronomy Indo-Greek ruler?
(c) Iranian astronomy (a) Diodorus -II (b) Demetrius
(d) Mesopotamian astronomy (c) Menander (d) Strato- I
U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014 Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
The Panchasiddhantika of Varahamihira is based on Greek See the explanation of above question.
astronomy. 27. Milindapanha is in the form of a dialogue between king
Menander and Buddhist monk :
23. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ? (a) Nagarjuna (b) Nagabhatta
(a) Kalidasa - Raghuvansa (c) Nagasena (d) Kumarilabhatta
(b) Bhasa - Svapna Vasavadattam I.A.S. (Pre) 1997
Ans. (c)
(c) Subandhu - Kadambari
(d) Harsha - Ratnavali See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 28. Name the source that is silent about the trade routes
Ans. (c) of ancient India
Option (c) is not correctly matched because Kadambari was (a) Sangam Sahitya (b) Milindpanha
composed by Banabhatta, not by Subandhu. Rest of the (c) Jataka Tales (d) All of the above
options correctly matched. 39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
Ans. (a)
24. With reference to the history of ancient India,
Bhavabhuti, Hastimalla and Kshemeshvara were Sangama Sahitya is silent about the trade routes of ancient
famous India.
(a) Jain monks 29. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct
(b) Playwrights answer from the code given below the lists :
(c) Temple architects List- I List- II
(d) Philosophers (Court Poet) (King)
I.A.S. (Pre.) 2021 A. Amir Khusrau 1. Chandra Gupta II
Ans (b) B. Kalidasa 2. Samudra Gupta
(a) Eight (b) Nine Select your answer using the codes given below:
Kalidasa?
it is a poetic narrative of the life of Buddha by the Sanskrit (a) Mrichchhakatikam (b) Meghduta
poet Ashvaghosha. Remaining pairs are correctly matched. (c) Ritu Sanghar (d) Vikramorvasiyam
Thus, option (b) is the correct answer. Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
38. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer Ans. (a)
using the codes given below the lists : Mrichchhakatikam was not a literary work by Kalidasa. It
List I (Author) List II (Text) was composed by Sudraka.
A. Varahamihira 1. Prabandha Chintamani
42. The protagonist of the Play ‘Malvikagnimitra’, written
B. Vishakhadatta 2. Mrichchha-Katikam
by Kalidasa is –
C. Sudraka 3. Brihat-Samhita (a) Pushyamitra Shunga (b) Gautamiputra Satakarni
D. Bilhana 4. Devi-Chandraguptam (c) Agnimitra (d) Chandragupta- II
5. Vikramankadevacharita U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998
Code : Ans. (c)
A B C D The first play composed by the great poet Kalidasa is
(a) 3 4 5 2 Malavikagnimitram. Often it is called Kalidasa Malavikagni-
(b) 3 4 2 5 mitram, as an honour to Kalidasa. This play consists of 5 acts
(c) 5 3 4 1 about the love story of King Agnimitra of Vidisha from the
(d) 1 3 5 2 Shunga dynasty.
I.A.S. (Pre) 1997
Ans. (b) 43. Which one of the following books of ancient India
has the love story of the son of the founder of Sunga
The correctly matched pairs are :
dynasty?
Varahamihira - Brihat Samhita (a) Swapnavasavadatta (b) Malavikagnimitra
Vishakhadatta - Devi-Chandraguptam (c) Meghadoota (d) Ratnavali
Sudraka - Mrichchha-Katikam I.A.S. (Pre) 2016
Bilhana -Vikramankadev Charita Ans. (b)
Prabandha Chintamani was composed by Merutungacharya.
See the explanation of above question.
39. Which of the following pair is not correctly matched?
(a) Karpurmanjari - Harsha 44. The author of ‘Swapnavasavadatta’ is
(b) Malavikagnimitra - Kalidasa (a) Kalidasa (b) Bhasa
(c) Bhavabhuti (d) Rajshekhara
(c) Mudrarakshasa - Vishakhadatta
(d) Saundarananda - Asvaghosha 43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012 Ans. (b)
Ans. (b)
(a) Dharmapala (b) Devpala
(c) Vijayasen (d) Lakshmana Sen The above-statement is mentioned in epic Mahabharata.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
51. Which ancient Indian book has been translated into
Ans. (d)
15 (fifteen) Indian and 40 (forty) foreign languages ?
See the explanation of above question. (a) Hitopadesha (b) Panchatantra
47. Who had composed the ‘Gita Govinda’? (c) Katha Saritsagar (d) Shakuntala
(a) Dhoyin (b) Govardhanacharya Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
(c) Jayadeva (d) Lakshmana Sena R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992
U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010 Ans. (b)
Ans. (c) Panchatantra is a collection of Indian animal fables which has
See the explanation of above question. had extensive circulation both in the country of its origin as
well as world-wide. It has been translated into 15 Indian and
48. Match the List- I with List - II and select the correct 40 foreign languages. It was compiled in Sanskrit (Hindu) and
answer using the codes given below the lists:
Pali (Buddhist). The compilation attributed to Pandit Vishnu
List – I (Compositions) List – II (Subject)
A. Ashtanga - Samgraha 1. Play Sharma. In the Mughal era, it was translated by Abul Fazl
B. Das rupaka 2. Grammar under the name of Ayar-e-danish.
C. Lilavati 3. Maths 52. ‘Panchatantra’ was originally written by –
D. Mahabhasya 4. Medical
(a) Kalidasa (b) Vishnu Sharma
Code :
(c) Tulsidas (d) Raidas
A B C D
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
(a) 3 2 1 4
(b) 4 1 3 2 Ans. (b)
(c) 2 3 4 1 See the explanation of above question.
(d) 1 4 2 3
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002 53. The author of 'Vinaya-Patrika' is
Ans. (b) (a) Tulsidas (b) Surdas
(c) Kabir (d) Keshavdasa
The correctly matched pairs are :
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
Ashtanga Samgraha - Medical
Ans. (a)
Das rupaka - Play
Lilavati - Maths 'Vinay Patrika' is a devotional poem authored by Goswami
Mahabhasya - Grammar Tulsidas.
*Vijayalaya (850-871) established the Chola Empire. Tanjore premises of Kamal Maula Mosque.
was the capital of Cholas. The real founder of Parmara *Gangeyadev was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty. He
dynasty was Siyak - II and the capital of Parmars was Dhara. adopted the title of Vikramaditya. He started issuing gold
*Chalukyas belonged to Agni Clan lineage, founded by coins after its extinction in pre-medieval period.
Moolraja - I. The capital of Solankis was Anhilaad. Kannauj
1. Who among the following ruler is famous as “Prithvi
is an ancient city whose ancient name was Mahodaya Shri
Raj Chauhan”?
and Kanyakubja during the regime of Mihir Bhoj.
(a) Prithviraja- I (b) Prithviraja- II
*An eminent Jain scholar Hemchandra got fame during the
(c) Prithviraja- III (d) None of the above
period of Solanki king Jaysimha Siddharaj (1093-1143 AD).
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
However, he adorned the court of his successor Kumarapala
Ans. (c)
(1143-1172) as an advisor.
*Lakshmansen (1178 - 1206) was the king of Sen Dynasty; Ruler of Ajmer, Prithviraja-III, was commonly known as
reigned 28 years. He initiated a new Samvat called ‘Laxman Prithviraj Chauhan, who defeated Mohammad Ghori in I st
*The famous jurists of early medieval India were Hemadri, of Tarain, in 1192 AD.
Vigyaneshwar and Jimutavahana. Vigyaneshwara wrote 2. Epigraphic records (Inscriptions) suggest that in
“Mitakshara” and Jimutvahana wrote “Dayabhaga.” ancient India, the rulers of Bihar had contact with –
*Rajashekhara was courtier scholar of Gujjar-Partihara king (a) Burma (b) Thailand
Mahendrapala - I and his son Mahipala. He compiled texts (c) Cambodia (d) Java-Sumatra
like Karpurmanjari, Kavyamimansa, Bridhshal Bhanjika, 43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
Bal Ramayana, Bhuvankosh, etc. Ans. (d)
*Motupalli was a very important seaport in the Kakatiya
The Pala king Devpala was Buddhist. He was also known as
kingdom. This seaport is presently located in the Krishna
“Param Saugat” as per the texts. He donated five villages on
district of Andhra Pradesh. This port was visited by Italian
the request of Java king Balputradev of Sailendra Dynasty
traveller, Marco Polo. The Motupalli epigraph specifies the for developing a Buddhist Vihar in Nalanda.
rates assessed on a variety of items including scents such as
3. Kumaradevi, a queen of Govind Chandra Gahadavala,
sandal, camphor, rose-water, ivory, pearls, corals, a range of
constructed Dharma-Chakra-Jaina Vihara at –
metals like copper, zinc and lead, silk, pepper and areca nuts. (a) Bodh Gaya (b) Rajgriha
It gives an idea of exports and imports from Motupalli port. (c) Kushinagar (d) Sarnath
*Parmara dynasty was founded in the first half of 10th century U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
AD by a person named Upendra or Krishnaraj. A city named Ans. (d)
6. "When.......... was born, the earth sank two and a half Jejakabhukti was the ancient name of Bundelkhand. This
hands." region was named over Jay Singh or Jeja, grandson of Nannuk
Above statement /Folk saying is related to which (founder Chandel King).
historical personality of Uttar Pradesh?
12. Dangdev was the ruler of which dynasty?
(a) Vidhyadhar (b) Mahil
(a) Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
(c) Alha (d) Paramardi
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021 (b) Parmar of Malwa
Ans (c) (c) Kalchuri of Mahishmati
"When .... was born, the earth sank two and half hands." This (d) Kalchuri of Tripuri
statement/folk saying is related to Alha of Mahoba. M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
7. The author of ‘Prithviraj Raso’ is – Ans. (a)
(a) Kalhana (b) Bilhana Dhangdev, also known as Dhanga, was a king of the Chandel
(c) Jayanaka (d) Chand Bardai dynasty of Jejakbhukti. He built Kandariya Mahadev temple.
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999 Dhanga attained Moksha by abandoning his body in waters
Ans. (d) of Ganga and Yamuna at Sangam, Prayag.
See the explanation of above question.
13. Pundravardhan Bhukti was located in:
8. Who is the author of ‘Prithviraja Vijaya’? (a) North Bengal (b) Bihar
(c) Odisha (d) Assam
(a) Chand Bardai (b) Prithviraja Chauhan U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
(c) Jayanaka (d) Nayanchand Suri Ans. (a)
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012 Pundravardhan Bhukti was located in the region of North
Ans. (c) Bengal in ancient times. Its territory was expanded to northern
The author of “Prithviraja Vijay’ is Jayanak. Bihar during the era of Pala, Chandra and Sena dynasty.
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 1994 22. In which modern day’s State, the University of
Ans. (a) Vikramasila was located?
King Dharmapala of Bengal established the Vikramshila (a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Odisha
(c) Bihar (d) Jharkhand
University in (770-810) AD. After the downfall of Nalanda
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
University, Vikramshila University was developed as the
Ans. (c)
main centre for the Buddhist religion.
Vikramashila University was established by Pala ruler
17. Which one of the following rulers established Dharmapala in the (770-810 AD) at Bhagalpur in Bihar.
Vikramashila University? Vikramashila’s curriculum taught formalized Vedic learning
(a) Gopal (b) Devapal including Vedic texts, rituals and the Vedangas such as
(c) Mahipala I (d) Dharmapal reasoning, medicine, law, astronomy and city planning.
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. 2018
Ans. (d) 23. Which one of the following places was not the centre
See the explanation of above question. of learning during early medieval period?
(a) Nalanda (b) Vikramshila
18. Who founded the Vikramshila University ?
(a) Dharmapala (b) Devpala (c) Taxila (d) Uddantapur
(c) Gopal (d) Mahendrapala Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 Ans. (c)
(c) Chauhans (d) Sena Cholas. The real founder of Parmara dynasty was Siyak - II
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005 and the capital of Parmars was Dhara. Chalukyas were Agni
Ans. (d) Clan lineage, founded by Moolraja - I. The capital of Solankis
See the explanation of above question. was Anhilaad.
33. Who among the following were famous jurists of 36. Which one of the following was a very important
medieval India? seaport in the Kakatiya Kingdom?
1. Vigyanesvara 2. Hemadri (a) Kakinada
3. Rajashekhara 4. Jimutavahana (b) Motupalli
Code : (c) Machilipatnam (Masulipatnam)
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (d) Nelluru
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 3 I.A.S. (Pre) 2017
I.A.S. (Pre) 1995 Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
Ans. (c) Motupalli was a very important seaport in the Kakatiya
kingdom. This seaport is presently located in the Krishna
The famous jurists of early medieval India were Hemadri,
district of Andhra Pradesh. This port was visited by Italian
Vigyaneshwar and Jimutavahana. Vigyaneshwar wrote traveller, Marco Polo. The Motupalli epigraph specifies the
“Mitakshara” and Jimutvahana wrote “Dayabhaga.” rates assessed on a variety of items including scents such as
Rajashekhara was a court scholar of Gujjar-Partihara king sandal, camphor, rose-water, ivory, pearls, corals, a range of
Mahendrapala - I and his son Mahipala. He compiled texts metals like copper, zinc and lead, silk, pepper and areca nuts.
like Karpurmanjari, Kavyamimansa, Bridhshal Bhanjika, Bal It gives an idea of exports and imports from Motupalli port.
Ramayana, Bhuvankosh, Hasvilas, etc.
37. The Gurjar-Pratiharas dynasty was founded by :
34. The great Sanskrit poet and dramatist, Rajshekhara (a) Nagabhatta I (b) Vatsraj
was in the court of:
(c) Harshvardhana (d) Mihir Bhoja
(a) Raja Bhoj (b) Mahipal
(c) Mahendrapala-I (d) Indra-III U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013 U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002
Ans. (b&c) Ans. (a)
See the explanation of above question. Pratihara dynasty was the most famous dynasty of Rajputs
35. Match List- 1 (Dynasty) with List- 2 (Capital) on the of ‘Agni’ clan. It is also known as Gurjar- Pratihar Dynasty
basis of codes : because of its link with Gurjars. Gurjars were first mentioned
List- 1 List 2
in the Aihole inscription of Pulkeshin - II as well as in
A. Pratihara 1. Tanjore
Shri’?
later at Kannauj. The rulers of this dynasty were as follows
(a) Mahoba (b) Kampilya
- Nagabhatta I (730-756), Yatsaraja (775-800), Nagabhatta
(c) Mathura (d) Kannauj
II (800-833), Mihir Bhoja (836-885), Mahendrapala I (885-
910), Devpala (948-949), etc. U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015
Ans. (d)
39. 'Aadi Varaha' was the title of which Gurjar Pratihara
ruler? Kannauj is an ancient city whose ancient name was Mahodaya
(a) Vatsraja (b) Nagbhatta II Shri and Mahodaya during the regime of Mihir Bhoj.
(c) Mihir Bhoja (d) Nagbhatta I
44. Who among the following granted financial aid for the
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. 2018
restoration of a demolished mosque in Khambhat :
Ans. (c)
(a) Chamundaraya (b) Jayasimha Siddharaja
Mihir Bhoja was the most powerful ruler among the Gurjara-
(c) Kumarapala (d) Mahipaladeva
Pratiharas. He was a follower of Vaishnavism. He attained
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
the titles of 'Aadi Varaha' and 'Prabhas'.
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999
40. Who among the following was not a part of tripartite Ans. (b)
struggle?
(a) Pratiharas (b) Palas Chalukya king Jayasimha Siddharaj was a tolerant religious
(c) Rastrakutas (d) Cholas King. Muslim author wrote that he granted financial aid of
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 1 lakh Balom (currency) for the restoration of a demolished
Ans. (d)
mosque in Khambhat.
After the death of Harsha, Kannauj was the centre of
45. Who was the founder of Parmara Dynasty?
attraction for various powerful dynasties. It was compared (a) Ajai Pal (b) Kanak Pal
with Magadha during the Gupta period. In order to control (c) Kanak Rao (d) Jagar-Pal
the territory, Pala, Gurjar Pratihara and Rashtrakuta started Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
a tripartite struggle, which has been described as a most Ans. (*)
important event in the history of North India during the 8-9 Parmar dynasty was founded in the first half of 10th century
century. Finally, Pratihars came out as the winner.
AD by a person named Upendra or Krishnaraj. City named
41. Which were the three dynasties who were engaged in
Dhara was the capital of Parmar dynasty. The commission
a Tripartite struggle for Kannauj?
1. Chola 2. Pala has accepted option (b) Kanakpala as the answer whereas
3. Gurjara 4. Rashtrakuta the correct answer is Upendra or Krishnaraj.
Ans. (d)
other. *Soon after the victories of Muhammad Ghori ‘Iqta
system’ was introduced in Northern India. *Muhammad Sam Most of the scholars feel that the name “Hindu” was
pronounced by invaders who could not pronounce the name
of Ghori (Muhammad Ghori) appointed Qutb Al-Din Aybak,
of the Indus River. As mentioned in Rig-Veda, Bharata is
(also spelled Qutbuddin Aibak, Qutb-Ud-Din-Aybak) in
defined as ‘Sapta Sindhu.’ Iranians termed this country as
1192 AD as incharge of his Indian territories. He played a Hindustan and Greeks called it ‘India.’ About the Indian
significant role in the battle of Tarain of 1192 AD. Pleased with people, the word ‘Hindu’ was first used by Arabians.
his works, Ghori appointed him the administrator of Kuhram
and Samana. He controlled the administration of Northern parts 4. According to Chachnama, what was the Capital of the
Indus Country in the 6th and 7th century?
of India as Ghori’s representative till 1206 AD. In this period (a) Deval (b) Arod
Aybak expanded the Turkish power in Northern India. *Ghori (c) Lodawa (d) Barmer
or Aybak didn’t ever think of conquering Bihar and Bengal.
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2020
The task was accomplished by an ordinary slave of Muhammad Ans (b)
Ghori named Ikhtiyar-ud-din Muhammad-Bin Bakhtiyar Chachnama ("Story of Chach") is one of the main historical
Khalji also spelled Khalji (1193 to 1202 mid). He occupied the source for the history of Sindh in the 7th to 8th century A.D,
written in Persian. It takes its name from Raja Chach of Sindh
capital Odantapuri by conquering Bihar and destroyed Nalanda
whose son Dahir stood against Mohammad Bin Qasim's
and Vikramshila. He invaded Bengal from 1198 to 1203. At that invasion of Sindh in 7th Century A.D. Text states that Arod
time the ruler there was Lakshmana Sena. He left the place served as capital of the Indus country in the 6th and 7th century.
without actually fighting the battle. Turkish army plundered Hence option (b) is correct.
the people entering the capital city of Nadia. In the absence of 5. First Muslim attack on India occurred in the year
the king, the city surrendered. Escaping from there Lakshmana (a) 674 (b) 1013
Sena took refuge in South Bengal and ruled there for some time. (c) 711 (d) None of these
*Bakhtiyar Khalji did not tried to conquer complete Bengal. M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
He made Lakhnauti as his capital. *According to Professor Ans. (d)
Habib, the victory of North-Western province by Turks had King Dahir of Sindh fought the battle with Muhammad-Bin-
given birth to ‘Urban Revolution’ and ‘Rural Revolution’ Qasim, the first Muslim invader who defeated Dahir in this
respectively. battle. He arrived at the coast of Sindh in 712 A.D. (Now in
Pakistan) and was successful in defeating and killing Dahir.
1. Hazrat Muhammad, the prophet, was born in the year:
Note : There is a dispute about the exact date of the first
(a) 570 A.D. (b) 622 A.D.
(c) 642 A.D. (d) 670 A.D. Muslim invasion on India. According to V.D. Mahajan, this
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996 date is 711 A.D. but according to Harish Chandra Verma,
Ans. (a) this date is 712 A.D.
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. Hajjaj. At the age of seventeen, he was sent by Caliph-al-
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. Walid to lead an army to Sindh (India).
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (a) 11. Who among the following was the founder of
Ghaznavid dynasty ?
There are many reasons for the success of Turkish invasions (a) Alptigin (b) Mahmud
in India, however, the most prominent of them was the (c) Sebuktigin (d) Ismail
constant warfare among the Indian rulers. U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015
India at that time was divided into small kingdoms. There Ans. (a)
were many small kingdoms in the North and Western India
Towards the end of the ninth century, Trans-oxiana, Khurasan
(present-day Pakistan), and this made Turk's work easy. A
strong kingdom in the north would have deterred Turks. and parts of Iran were being ruled by the Samanids who
were Iranian by descent. Among the Samanid governor
8. First Muslim invader in India was there was a Turkish Slave, Alp-tigin, who, in course of time,
(a) Qutbuddin Aybak established an independent kingdom with its capital at Ghazni
(b) Muhammad Ghazni and founded Ghaznavid dynasty, which soon took over the
(c) Muhammad-Bin-Qasim control of Samanid Kingdom.
(d) Muhammad Ghori
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002 12. Which of the following Chandela King was not defeated
Ans. (c) by Mahmud Ghaznavi –
(a) Dhnaga (b) Vidyadhar
The first Muslim invader of India was Muhammad-Bin- (c) Jaishakti (d) Danga
Qasim. In the beginning of the 8th century under the leadership U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
of Bin-Qasim, a part of India was unsuccessfully attacked. Ans. (b)
The empire of Arabs couldn’t spread towards the east of The Chandela dynasty is famous in Indian history for the
Sindh and Multan, and it gradually declined. In the words King Vidyadhar, who repulsed the attacks of Mahmud
Ghaznavi during 1019-20 A.D. From the ninth century to the
of Dr. Stenley Lanepool “Although Arabs conquered Sindh,
13th century, the Chandelas ruled over Central India. Their
but it remained only an episode in history of India and Islam.
first capital city was Khajuraho, which was later shifted to
This was an incomplete victory”. Their incomplete task was
Mahoba.
done by Turks.
9. The first Muslim invaders of India were – 13. Assertion (A) : Mohd. Ghazni invaded India seventeen
(a) The Ghaznavids (b) The Ghurids times.
(c) The Arabs (d) None of the above Reason (R) : He wanted to establish permanent
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 Muslim Empire in India.
Ans. (c) Select the correct answer from the given codes :
Turkish conqueror Mahmud of Ghazni succeeded his father During 11th century A.D. Al-Beruni, the father of Indian
in 998 A.D. and established a huge empire in Central Asia Historical writing accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni to
with it's capital at Ghazni now south Kabul (Afganistan). India and stayed here for many years. Alberuni translated
For 17 times he attacked India from 999 A.D. to 1027 A.D. Patanjali’s Yoga-Sutra into Arabic (called Kitab Patanjal) but
He was a ruthless invader and plunderer of wealth. In these Tahqiq-I-Hind (Reality of Hindustan) was his most important
invasions, his aim was not to establish any permanent Muslim work in which he gave a socio-cultural description of India.
rule in India but to take away the huge wealth of the country.
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
Mahmud of Ghazni was just a plunderer who mounted at least See the explanation of above question.
17 raids in India. But in his kingdom in Afghanistan, he had
shown love for art and culture. He patronized three persons: 19. Which scholar came to India with Mahmud Ghazni –
(a) Ibn Battuta (b) Al-Beruni
i. Firdausi (Persian Poet, known as Homer of the East)
(c) Amir Khusrau (d) Ferishta
who wrote Shahnama.
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
ii. Alberuni (a brilliant scholar from Central Asia) who Ans. (b)
wrote Tahqiq-I-Hind.
iii. Utbi (court historian), who wrote Kitab-ud-Yamni and See the explanation of above question.
Tarikh-e-Yamini.
20. Which one of the following statements about Alberuni
15. Farista, the author of Shah-nama was associated with is not correct?
the court of (a) He was a secular author
(a) Subuktagin (b) Mahmud Ghazanavi (b) His writing was influenced by India
(c) Muhammad Ghori (d) Alaptegin
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013 (c) He was a Sanskrit Scholar
Ans. (*) (d) He was an expert of trigonometry
The given question is incorrect because the writer of U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014
Shahnama is Firdausi, not Ferishta. Firdausi was a scholar- Ans. (a)
poet of the court of Mahmud of Ghazni. He was also known Alberuni was born in AD 973 in the territory of Khwarizm,
to be popular as ‘Homer’ of the east. So option (b) should be
now called Khiva, in Central Asia. He was not a secular writer
the correct answer. Ferishta (1560-1620) wrote an authentic
book Tareekh-e Farista. His full name was Muhammad because Alberuni never gave any sympathetic reference to
Qasim Ferishta. For some time he lived in Murtza Nizam the contemporary event of Somnath temple raid by Mahmud
Shah’s court in Ahmadnagar. After that, he went to Bijapur. of Ghazni in 1026.
His book Tareekh-e Ferishta was devoted to the emperor of
21. The first Muslim who studied Puranas was –
Bijapur, Ibrahim Adil.
(a) Abul Fazal
16. Who was the author of ‘Shahnama’? (b) Abdul Qadir Badayuni
(a) Utbi (b) Firdausi (c) Al-Biruni
(c) Al-Beruni (d) Barani (d) Dara Shikoh
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
Ans. (b)
The coins introduced by Mahmud Ghazni struck in India 26. Which one of the following kings was defeated by
with Arabic and Sanskrit inscriptions on both sides. A dhiram Muhammad Ghori in the battle of Chandawar?
struck at Lahore carried a Sharda script and a rendering in (a) Prithviraj Chauhan (b) Jayachandra
Colloquial Sanskrit of Islamic Kalima. (c) Kumarpala (d) Bhima- II
U.P.R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016
23. Which one of the following rulers from Central Asia Ans. (b)
conquered North India in 1192 ?
(a) Jalaluddin Mankbarni The battle of Chandawar (1193-1194) was fought between
(b) Mahmud of Ghazni Muhammad Ghori and Jayachandra of Kannauj of
(c) Shihabuddin Muhammad Ghori Garhwalbank of Yamuna river close to Agra.
(d) Genghis Khan
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004 27. Whom had Muhammad Ghori defeated in 1194 in the
Ans. (c) Battle of Chandawar?
(a) Kumarpal (b) Jaichand
Shihabbuddin Muhammad Ghori, the ruler of Central Asia,
(c) Govindraj (d) Bhim II
conquered north India in 1192 A.D. The first attack of M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
Muhammad Ghori took place in 1175A.D., on Multan. He Ans. (b)
attacked Multan and Uch in 1175-76 A.D. and Gujarat in See the explanation of above question.
1178 A.D. In 1191 A.D., he fought the battle of Tarain with
28. Battle that laid the foundation of Muslim domination
Prithviraj Chauhan and was defeated. In the Second Battle of in India was :
Tarain (1192 A.D.), Prithviraj was defeated by Ghori and in (a) First Battle of Tarain
(b) Second Battle of Tarain
this way, a central Muslim political system was established
(c) First Battle of Panipat
which lasted for many years.
(d) Second Battle of Panipat
24. Who defeated Muhammad Ghori for the first time? U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
(a) Bhima- II (b) Prithviraj Chauhan Ans. (b)
(c) Jai Chand (d) Prithviraj-II
The second battle of Tarain was fought between Muhammad
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ghori and Rajput army of Prithviraj Chauhan. The battle
Ans. (a)
took place in 1192 AD near Tarain. In this battle, Prithviraj
The first battle of Muhammad Ghori was against a Hindu ruler Chauhan was defeated by Muhammad Ghori. After this battle,
Raja Bhimdev-II of Gujarat who was a member of Solanki the Muslim power was strongly enrooted in northern India,
Dynasty. Raja Bhimdev-II was a young man and real regent which may be regarded as a turning point in Indian history.
attacked India in 1398 A.D. *Incumbents of Delhi Sultanate from 1206 AD to 1290 AD
30. Coins of which Muslim ruler bear an image of Devi are popularly known as the sultans of the Slave dynasty whose
Lakshmi? founder was Qutbuddin Aibak. *They were all Turks and their
(a) Muhammad Ghori (b) Alauddin Khalji dynasties were separate. *So it is more appropriate to call them
(c) Akbar (d) None of the above the original Turk Sultan or Mamluk Sultan of Delhi, instead
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
of calling these sultans as the sultans of the Slave dynasty.
Ans. (a)
*The first ruler of the Slave Dynasty in India was Qutbuddin
Coins issued by Ghori have an image of Goddess Lakshmi Aibak (1206 - 10 AD). *He was from a Turk tribe called
while on the opposite side of the coin. Kalma was inscribed Aybak. *In childhood, he was bought by the Qazi of Nishapur
in Arabic. Fakhruddin Abdul Aziz Kufi as a slave. *From childhood he
31. Muhammad Ghori granted first Iqta in India to – used to read the Quran in a very melodious tone, due to which
(a) Tajuddin Yalduj he became famous as the Qurankhwa (the one who recites
(b) Qutbuddin Aybak the Quran). *Later, he was brought from Nishapur to Ghazni
(c) Shamsuddin Iltutmish where Gori bought him. *On the basis of his talent, passion
(d) Nazir-ud-din Qubacha and honesty, he gained the confidence of the Ghori. *Ghori
39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994 promoted him to the post of Amir-e-Akhur. His coronation
Ans. (b)
was held in June 1206 AD three months after the death of
Soon after the victories of Ghori, Iqta system was established Ghori. *Aibak’s capital was Lahore. *Aibak never held the
in North India. In 1192 A.D., Muhammad Sam of Ghori title of ‘Sultan’. *He kept himself satisfied only with the titles
(Muhammad Ghori) appointed Qutb-ud-din-Aybak, as in of ‘Malik’ and ‘Sipahasalaar’. *After obtaining the liberation
charge of his Indian territories. He played an important role letter from Ghori’s successor, Giasuddin Muhmad, Aibak got
in the second battle of Tarain. Pleased with his works, Ghori rid of slavery in 1208 AD. *Due to his generosity, Qutbuddin
appointed him the administrator of Kuhram and Samana. Aibak used to donate so much money that he was called by the
He had taken care of the administration of North Indian ‘Lakh Bakhsh’ (who gave lakhs). * Aibak had built mosques
territories conquered by them as representative of Ghori till known as ‘Quwwat-ul-Islam’ in Delhi and ‘Dhai Din Ka
1206. During this period, Aibak also expanded Turkish power Jhopara’ in Ajmer. * He started the construction of ‘Qutub
in northern India. Minar’ in Delhi, which was completed by Iltutmish.
32. Which slave of Muhammad Ghori conquered Bengal *The fourth Storey was damaged by lightning which was
and Bihar – rebuilt by Firuz Shah Tughluq also spelled Feroz Shah
(a) Qutbudin Aybak (b) Iltutmish Tughluq. He built two floors. *Sultan Qutbuddin Aibak died
(c) Bakhtiyar Khalji (d) Yaldauj
in 1210 AD when he fell from a horse while playing Chaugan
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
(a game like modern polo).* He was buried in Lahore.
Ans. (c)
Slave dynasty was the first of five unrelated dynasties to Sultan Qutbuddin Aibak also called “Lakh Baksh Sultan”
rule India during Sultanate period from 1206 to 1290. was the first Muslim ruler of India who ruled from his capital
Qutbuddin Aibak ascended the throne of Delhi in 1206 and in Delhi. He patronized scholars such as Hasan Nizami and
with him started a new line of successive kings in Delhi Fakh-i-Mudabbir, both of whom dedicated their works to
known as the Slave Dynasty in indian history. Qutbuddin Aibak. Aibak was the first muslim ruler who setteld in india
Aibak and all his successors were slaves to their respective and ruled unlike the earlier muslims, who come and only
predecessors.
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empire?
A.D.), he moved his capital to Lahore to frustrate Yilduz’s
(a) Nasiruddin Mahmud (b) Iltutmish
ambition of annexing Punjab. He strengthened his position
(c) Aram Shah (d) Balban
by matrimonial alliances with influential rival Turkish Chief.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
Nasiruddin Qabacha of Multan refused to accept Qutbuddin
Ans. (b)
as the ruler of Delhi. Due to this, Aybak always stayed in
Lahore and never got the chance to move to Delhi. See the explanation of above question.
10. Which one of the following was the capital of the
7. How did Sultan Qutbuddin Aybak die? Sultanate during the reign of Iltutmish?
(a) He was treacherously stabbed to death by one of his (a) Agra (b) Lahore
ambitious nobles (c) Badaun (d) Delhi
(b) He was killed in a battle with Taj-u-din Yilduz the U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016
ruler of Ghazni who entered into a contest with him Ans. (d)
over the capture of Punjab
(c) He sustained injuries while besieging the fortress of See the explanation of above question.
Kalinjar in Bundelkhand and succumbed to them later 11. Who amongst the following Sultans of the Sultanate
(d) He died after a fall from his horse while playing was the first to shift his capital to Delhi?
Chaugan (a) Aram Shah (b) Balban
I.A.S. (Pre) 2003 (c) Iltutmish (d) Qutbuddin Aybak
Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016
In 1210, Qutbuddin Aibak died in an accident while he Ans. (c)
was playing Chaugan (polo). He fell from a horse and was
severely injured. He was buried in Lahore near the Anarkali Iltutmish shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi. He was
Bazaar. He was the founder of the Slave Dynasty in India. the first Sultan of the Sultanate to shift his capital.
13. Who was called ‘a slave of a slave’? 16. Which Sultan of Delhi was a contemporary of the
(a) Mohd. Ghori (b) Qutbuddin Aybak Mongol Leader Genghis Khan ?
(c) Balban (d) Iltutmish (a) Iltutmish (b) Raziyya
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 (c) Balban (d) Alauddin Khalji
Ans. (d) U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
Ans. (a)
Iltutmish is called ‘Slave of a Slave’ because Qutbuddin
Aibak was the slave of Mohd. Ghori who become Sultan after See the explanation of above question.
the death of Ghori and Iltutmish was a slave of Qutubudin 17. In whose reign Mongols were seen on the bank of Indus
Aibak who later married the daughter of Qutb-uddin Aibak river for the first time?
and became Sultan after Qutbuddin Aybak. So, he is called (a) Balban (b) Iltutmish
“a slave of a slave.” (c) Qutbuddin Aybak (d) Raziyya
14. Who of the following was the first woman ruler of U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
medieval India ? Ans. (b)
(a) Raziyya Sultan (b) Chand Bibi
(c) Durgavati (d) Noorjahan See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 18. The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded India
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004 during the reign of :
Ans. (a)
(a) Balban (b) Firuz Tughluq
Raziyya Sultan, who reigned from 1236 to 1240 A.D., had (c) Iltutmish (d) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
the unique distinction of being the only woman to occupy Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
the throne of Delhi. She was the first female ruler. The I.A.S. (Pre) 2001
Turkish nobles were reluctant to accept a woman as their Ans. (c)
ruler, especially when she challenged their power. They See the explanation of above question.
conspired against her in 1239 A.D. when she was trying
19. The original name of Changez (Genghis) Khan was
to curb a rebellion against her by the Turkish governor of
(a) Khasul Khan (b) Yesugai
Lahore. The Turkish nobles took advantage of her absence
(c) Temuchin (Temujin) (d) Ogadi
at Delhi and dethroned her. After crushing the rebellion in
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
Delhi, Raziyya began to address issues of governance that
Ans. (c)
had taken a backseat during the six-month rule by her brother.
Thus, she succeeded her father Iltutmish to the Sultanate of Genghis Khan was a Mongolian ruler who played a significant
Delhi and proved herself as a talented, wise, brave, excellent role in Mongolian imperial expansion. The original name of
administrator and a great warrior. Genghis Khan was Temujin (or Temuchin).
Ans. (c)
ship' similar to the 'theory of divine right of the kings. He
Turkish nobles were behind dethroning of Raziyya Begum. They said, "Sultan is representative of God on earth and his place
revolted against Raziyya Begum in the leadership of governor comes after Paigambar".
of Bhatinda, Malik Altunia and removed her from the power.
25. Which Delhi Sultan is known for adopting the 'blood
22. The full name of Sultan of Delhi Balban was? and iron' policy?
(a) Jalaluddin (b) Iltutmish (a) Iltutmish
(c) Ghiyasuddin (d) Qutbuddin (b) Balban
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2004 (c) Ala-ud-din Khalji
Ans. (c) (d) Muhammad bin Tughluq
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
The full name of Balban was Ghiyasuddin Balban. He 66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020
was the ninth Sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi. Ans (b)
Ghiyasuddin was the Wazeer and heir of the last Shamsi
Sultan, Nasiruddin. He reduced the power of the treacherous see the explanation of above question
nobility and heightened the stature of the Sultan. In spite
of having only a few military achievements, he was the 26. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
most powerful ruler of the Sultanate between Shamsuddin Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji. He reached on the post of
Amir-e-Shikar during Raziyya period. Like Iltutmish, he also Assertion (A) : Balban made his government firm
was an Ilbari Turk. Balban married his daughter with Sultan stable and centralized all authority in
Nasiruddin, on this ocassion was given the title of Ulugh his hands.
Khan and the post of Nayab-e- Mamlikat. Balban sat on the Reason (R) : He wanted to protect North-West
throne of Delhi in 1266 A.D. frontier against Mongol invasions.
Code :
23. Which Sultan of Delhi is said to have followed the policy
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
of “blood and iron”? explanation of (A).
(a) Iltutmish (b) Balban (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
(c) Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji (d) Firuz Shah Tughluq explanation of (A).
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009 (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Ans. (b) (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
It is said that Balban had adopted the policy of ‘blood and U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
Ans. (b)
iron.’ The main characteristic of the leadership of Balban
was- First, the divine right of kings and second, the Ghiyasuddin Balban was the ruler of the Slave Dynasty in
Sultan must be autocratic. According to him, “Sultan is Delhi Sultanate. He ruled from 1266 to 1287 A.D. century.
27. After consolidating his power, Balban assumed the 30. Which of the following Sultans has called himself the
grand title of ‘Helper of a Caliph’ in his inscription on the walls of
(a) Tuti-e-Hind (b) Kaiser-e-Hind the Mosque at Garhmukteshwar?
(c) Zil-e-Ilahi (d) Din-e-Ilahi (a) Balban (b) Kaiqubad
I.A.S. (Pre) 1997
Ans. (c) (c) Jalaluddin Khalji (d) None of the above
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014
Balban established his political model inspired by famed Ans. (a)
public heroes. He tried to provide highly respected reputationto
the reign. He was considered as the representative of God Balban has called himself the ‘Helper of a Caliph’ in his
(Niyamat-e-Khudai) on the earth. According to Balban, he
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in 1307 AD. *Raja Ramchandra Dev was defeated in the battle Barani made this statement?
and he surrendered. Alauddin treated Ramchandra well and
(a) Iltutmish (b) Balban
honoured him the title of ‘Rai Rayan’. Six months later he
(c) Alauddin Khalji (d) Muhammad Tughluq
was given one lakh gold coins and the district of Navsari and
46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2004
was sent back to his state. *Malik Kafur also led a campaign
Ans. (c)
against Ramchandra’s son Shankerdev in 1312 AD. Alauddin
met Malik Kafur during his Gujarat conquest. *He was also Ziyauddin Barani made the above statement regarding
called ‘Hazar - Dinari’. Alauddin Khalji. Alauddin Khalji was the first king of Delhi,
*Alauddin was the first Sultan, who started collecting revenue who established the control of the state over religion. In this
by measuring the land. *Alauddin established a separate context, he said explaining his policy “I don’t know what is
correct or incorrect by law? I only give a command which
department “Diwan-i-Mustakharaj” to implement this
I understand suitable for the welfare of the state or special
system. *Alauddin took the authority of tax collection from the occasion, I don’t know what will happen on the final day of
traditional tax officers (Khutt, Mukaddam and Chaudhary). justice.” Alauddin had made alive the thought of Balban. He
All their privileges were abolished. *Taxes were collected from used to believe in the universality of the king who is only
their lands and the rest other taxes were also taken, due to which a representative of God on earth. He did not use to take the
there was no difference between Khutta (Zamindar) and Balahar permission of Khalifa about expanding his powers. That’s
(ordinary farmer). *The main objective of Alauddin’s revenue why he never made a solicitation in front of Khalifa for
recognition of his position. He called himself “Yamin-ul-
and tax system was to establish a powerful and autocratic state.
Khilafat Nasiri Amir-ul-Mumnin.” Alauddin freed himself
*He took the land from all those people who had been granted
from the control of Ulemas.
land as ‘Milq’ ( property, prize, indraat, pensions given by
the state) and ‘Waqf’ (charitable land), etc., consequently, the 2. Which dynasty of Delhi Sultanate ruled for the shortest
Khalisa land was developed on a large scale. *Alauddin Khalji period?
fixed 50% of the yield as the land tax (Kharaj). *Alauddin (a) Khalji (b) Tughluq
Khalji was the first Muslim ruler of India who had fixed the (c) Sayyid (d) Lodi
revenue on the real income of the land. *Alauddin had initiated M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
market control or price control policy. Alauddin appointed Ans. (a)
officials for the success of his market control policy. *According
to Barani, the purpose of these market reforms was to support Sultans of Slave Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate ruled from 1206
a huge army against the Mongols and to control the idea of AD to 1290 AD. Khalji Dynasty ruled from 1290 AD to 1320
rebellion among Hindus. *Alauddin Khalji started the Public AD. Tughluq dynasty ruled from 1320 AD to 1412 Ad. Sayyid
Distribution System (PDS). *There were two new taxes dynasty ruled from 1414 AD to 1450 AD and Lodi dynasty
levied by Alauddin Khalji that were ‘Ghari (House) Tax’ ruled from 1451 AD to 1526 AD. Therefore, Khalji dynasty
which was levied on houses and huts and ‘Grazing (Charai) ruled for the shortest period.
12. The Sultan who is said to have raised the land revenue
to one-half of the produce was
(a) Balban
(b) Alauddin Khalji
(c) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(d) Firuz Tughluq
The route indicated on the map was followed, during Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
the course of his military exploits, by : Ans. (b & c)
(a) Chandragupta- II (b) Harshavardhana
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(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct prices
explanation of (A). (a) led to agricultural progress
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct (b) benefitted only Nobles/Courtiers
explanation of (A). (c) was highly successful
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (d) alienated ruler from masses
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005 Ans. (c)
Ans. (c) The attempt by Alauddin Khalji to control the market prices
Alauddin Khalji introduced the price control policy. He had was highly successful.
appointed the efficient officials for the success of his policy. Alauddin Khalji's measures to control the market prices were
He appointed Malik Kabool as Shehena or inspector of the one of the most important policy initiatives of his reign.
market and provided him with a large detachment of cavalry Since Alauddin wanted to maintain a vast standing army, he
and infantry to help him in the work. He gave him extensive therefore, lowered the prices of the commodities of daily use.
authority. He controlled all the merchants and informed the He established separate markets in Delhi,
king about fluctuations of price and general situation of the (a) Grain Market (Mandi) for grain
market. Barani describes the purpose of market reform to (b) Clothes and Groceries market for clothes, sugar, dry
support a vast army against Mongols attacks and to control fruits, butter and oil
the potential rebellion by Hindus. He had nothing to do with (c) Market for horses, slaves, cattle etc.
paying low wages to the artisans. Hence, Assertion (A) is (d) Market for miscellaneous commodities.
true, while Reason (R) is false. To ensure implementation, each market was under the
16. Which of the following Sultans introduced “Market control of a superintendent called Shahna-i-Mandi who
Reforms”? was assisted by an intelligence officer. Apart from Shahna-
(a) Jalaluddin Khalji (b) Alauddin Khalji i-Mandi Alauddin received daily reports of the market from
(c) Muhammad Tughluq (d) Balban two other independent sources, barids (intelligence officer)
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014 and munhiyans (Secret spies).
Ans. (b)
19. The market control system was introduced by-
See the explanation of above question. (a) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq (b) Jalaluddin Khalji
(c) Alauddin Khalji (d) Balban
17. Who of the following Muslim rulers enforced a strict
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
price control system during his time?
Ans. (c)
(a) Alauddin Khalji (b) Iltutmish
(c) Muhammad Tughluq (d) Sher Shah Suri See the explanation of above question.
Sultan’. * Golden coins issued by Muhammad-Bin Tughluq ‘Diwan-i-Wajarat’ with its expenditure estimate, and only then
were called ‘Dinar’ by Ibn Batuta. *Barani describes five major the required money could be released. *Firuz Tughluq’s reign
policies of Muhammad Tughluq- became famous for constructing the largest network of canals in
(1) Increase in Doab tax, India. *To facilitate irrigation, he constructed five major canals.
(2) making Devgiri new capital, (i) The first canal was 150 miles long which took the Yamuna
(3) issuing token currency, river water to Hisar.
(4) invasion on Khurasan and (ii) The other was 96 miles long which connected the Sutlej
(5) Qarachil Expedition. to the Ghaghra.
*Ibn Batuta (1333 - 1347 AD) was an African traveller of (iii) The third canal ran from from the hills of Sirmaur to Hansi
Moroccan origin. *He came to India in the reign of Muhammad- (iv) The fourth canal was from Ghagra to Firuzabad.
Bin Tughluq (1325-51). *Muhammad-Bin Tughluq appointed (v) The fifth one is from Yamuna river to Firuzabad.
him as the Qazi of Delhi. Later in 1342 AD , he was sent to *He was the first Sultan of Delhi who imposed irrigation tax
China as an ambassador of the Sultan. *Ibn Batuta presented named ‘Haqq-e-Sharb’ after getting the permission from
the details of his journey in his book Kitab-al-Rihla. *Details the Ulemas. *The farmers who used to use the royal canals
of the postal system were known from Ibn Batuta’s travelogue. for irrigation had to give 1/10 portion of their produce to
*Muhammad-Bin Tughluq was the first sultan of Delhi the government. *Jizya was imposed on Brahmins by Firoz
who used to participate in the festival of Hindus, mainly on Tughluq. *It is noteworthy that by that time Brahmins were
Holi. * He also appointed non-Turks and Indian Muslims to kept free from this tax. *Firuz Shah Tughluq planted 1200 new
government posts. Due to this, Barani harshly criticized him and fruit gardens near Delhi due to his interest in horticulture and
called him gardener, weaver, barber, cook, etc. *Muhammad- rehabilitated thirty old orchards of Alauddin period. He also
Bin Tughluq died on March 20, 1351. On his death, Badayuni made measures to improve the quality of fruits in his orchards.
wrote, “Sultan was freed from his people, and the people were *Two Pillars (Stambh) of Ashoka were brought to Delhi from
freed by their Sultan.” Meerut and Topra (now in Ambala district) by Firoz Shah
*Firuz Shah Tughluq started some welfare programmes Tughluq. *The Topara Pillar (Stambh) was re-established near
for the benefit of common people. *After opening an office the palace and the mosque of Firuzabad. *The Pillar (Stambh)
(employment office) for the appointment of the individual of Meerut was re-installed near the current Bada Hindu Rao
through investigating the qualifications and merit of each Hospital of Delhi. *Sultan Firuz Tughluq of Delhi had set up
individual and giving appointment to as many people as possible a ‘Translation Department’ with the aim to improve the
- he tried to solve the problem of unemployment. *Firuz Shah understanding of each others ideas among the people of both
Tughluq used to donate property to the saints and religious Hindu and Muslim communities. *He got some Sanskrit texts
people. He had established a department ‘Diwan-e-Khairat’, translated into Persian also.
which provided financial assistance to the poor Muslims, *Nasiruddin Mahmud (1394 - 1412 AD) was the last ruler
orphaned women and widows, and arranged marriages for of the Tughluq dynasty. During his reign, Khwaja Jahan had
23. ‘The king was freed from his people and they from 27. Which of the following Sultan had most numbers of
their king.’ On whose death did Badayuni comment slaves in his court?
this ? (a) Balban
(a) Alauddin Khalji (b) Alauddin Khalji
(b) Balban (c) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(c) Iltutmish (d) Firuz Tughluq
(d) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001
I.A.S. (Pre) 1999 Ans. (d)
Ans. (d) Firuz Shah Tughluq was fond of slaves. The number of his
Badayuni made this statement about Mohammad-Bin- slaves reached up to one lakh eighty thousand. He established
a separate department (Diwan-e-Bandgan) to take care of
Tughluq in his work “Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh.”
them. He kept full attention about their education. Each slave
24. Which one of the following sultans provided was paid 10 to 100 Tankas and sometimes, they also got
employment to the unemployeds? states. This hobby of Firuz proved detrimental to the state.
(a) Alauddin Khalji
28. With reference to medieval Indian rulers, which one
(b) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
of the following statements is correct?
(c) Firuz Tughluq
(d) Sher Shah Suri (a) Alauddin Khalji first set up a separate Ariz’s
45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001 department
Ans. (c) (b) Balban introduced the branding system of horses of
his military
Firuz Shah Tughluq started some welfare programmes (c) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq was succeeded by his uncle
for common people. He tried to solve the problem of to the military
unemployment by opening an office for the appointment (d) Firuz Tughluq set up a separate department of slaves
I.A.S. (Pre) 2002
(employment office) and also appointed many qualified
Ans. (d)
people by their qualification and merits.
(i) Balban established an army department ‘Diwan-e-Arz’
25. Who among the following Sultans of Delhi to look after a large standing army with a view to potential
established an ‘Employment Exchange’ to help the Mongol threats. He made Imad-ul-Mulk his commander who
unemployed ? was very honest and hardworking. Balban freed him from
(a) Balban financial control of Wazir to ensure him financial autonomy.
(b) Alauddin Khalji The credit of good arrangement of Balban's army goes
(c) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq to Imad-ul-Mulk. (ii) The branding system of horses was
(d) Firuz Shah Tughluq introduced by Alauddin, not by Balban. (iii) Firuz Tughluq,
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010 the cousin brother of Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq, sat on the
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010 throne after him (1351-1388 century). (iv) Firuz Shah
established by him. According to Farista, Firuz had also He took a number of steps to improve the standard of farmers.
constructed 40 Mosques, 30 schools, 20 palaces, 100 Inns, He restored the old rights of Khuts and Muqaddams. The rate
200 hospitals, five tombs, 100 public bathrooms, ten pillars of land revenue was fixed at 1/3. He built canals for irrigation.
and 150 bridges. He had converted the name Ikdala to Azadpur 33. Who was the first Sultan of Delhi to have levied
‘Haqq-i-Sharb’ or irrigation tax ?
and Pandua to Firuzabad during his Bengal campaign. Malik
(a) Alauddin Khalji
Ghazni Shehana was the main architect in his empire. The (b) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
policy of each building as per its expected expenditure was (c) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
put in front of ‘Diwan-i-Wajarat,’ only then the fund could (d) Firuz Tughluq
be allowed on it. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
U. P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008
30. The Sultan of Delhi who is reputed to have built the
Ans. (d)
biggest network of canals in India was :
(a) Iltutmish (b) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq See the explanation of above question.
(c) Firuz Shah Tughluq (d) Sikandar Lodi 34. Which Sultan of Delhi had levied ‘Jizya’ on Brahmins?
I.A.S. (Pre) 1998 (a) Balban
Ans. (c) (b) Firuz Tughluq
(c) Alauddin Khalji
The reign of Firuz Tughluq is famous for building the biggest
(d) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
network of canals for irrigation purpose. They were:- (1) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
Sutlej to Ghaggar (96 miles) (2) Yamuna to Hisar (150 miles), Ans. (b)
(3) Sirmor to Hansi, (4) Ghaggar to Firuzabad and (5) Yamuna
Ghiyasuddin Tughluq was the founder of Tughluq dynasty.
to Firuzabad. He also engraved 150 wells for irrigation and He took a number of steps to improve the standard of farmers.
betterment of passengers. According to Farista, Firuz built He restored the old rights of Khuts and Muqaddams. The rate
50 dams and 30 lakes at different places. Firuz Shah was of land revenue was fixed at 1/3. He built canals for irrigation.
the first Sultan of Delhi who imposed ‘Hakk-i-Sharb’ tax
35. Which one of the following Sultans of Delhi introduced
on irrigation. Those farmers who used to irrigate their fields
measures for improving the quality of fruits?
from the water of the royal canal had to give 1/10th part of
(a) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
the produce to the government. (b) Firuz Tughluq
31. Which Delhi Sultan built the maximum number of (c) Sikandar Lodi
canals? (d) Sher Shah Suri
(a) Firuz Shah Tughluq 44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000
(b) Iltutmish Ans. (b)
buildings. He brought two pillars of Ashoka from Meerut and Ans. (b)
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Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526) was the last ruling family of the The battle of Khatoli was fought between Maharana Sanga
Delhi Sultanate of India. The dynasty was of Afghan Origin. and Ibrahim Lodi in 1518. Ibrahim Lodi was defeated badly
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat by Maharana Sanga.
(1526) which ended the Lodi dynasty.
5. Which of the following Sultans founded a town where
2. Which one of the following is the correct chronological now stands Agra?
order of the Afghan rulers to the throne of Delhi? (a) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(a) Sikandar Shah-Ibrahim Lodi-Bahlul Khan Lodi (b) Firuz Tughluq
(b) Sikandar Shah-Bahlul Khan Lodi or Lodi Ibrahim.
(c) Bahlul Lodi
(c) Bahlul Khan Lodi or Lodi Sikandar Shah-Ibrahim
(d) Sikandar Lodi
Lodi.
(d) Bahlul Khan Lodi or Lodi Ibrahim Lodi or Lodi 44 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000
th
had assumed the title of ‘Andhra Bhoj’. *Krishnadeva Raya Sites. *The Vitthal Temple (Hampi) was built by Krishnadeva
himself was a poet and writer of outstanding ability. *His main Raya (1509 - 29 AD), one of the great rulers of the Tuluva
composition- ‘Amuktamalyad’, is one of the five epics of dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire.
Telugu language. *He established Nagalpur town. *He also 1. The kingdom of Vijayanagara was founded by-
constructed temples like ‘Hazara’ and ‘Vitalaswami’. *During (a) Vijay Raya (b) Hariharaa- II
his time, the Portuguese traveller 'Domingo Paes’ travelled to (c) Hariharaa and Bukka (d) Bukka- II
the Vijayanagara empire. *Babur in his autobiography described Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
Krishnadeva Raya as the most powerful ruler of India. *Persian Ans. (c)
ambassador Abdur Razzaq came to Vijayanagara during the
reign of Devaraya II, the most august ruler of the Sangam The Vijaynagara empire was founded by Hariharaa and
dynasty. *The translation of Mahabharata in Telugu was started Bukka in 1336. This dynasty is known as Sangama Dynasty
by Nannayan in the 11th century, which was completed by after their father’s name. Hariharaa and Bukka were the
Tikkan in the 13th century and again by the Yerrann in the 14th ministers in the court at Kampili. Muhammad Tughluq
century. *These three are famous as the 'Kavitrayi' of Telugu invaded Kampili and arrested Hariharaa and Bukka. Both
literature. *In the famous Battle of Talikota, the combined were forced to convert to Islam. Later, both were sent to the
Forces of Bahamani states defeated Vijayanagara in January south to suppress a rebellion. They could not succeed, but
1565 AD. *Barar was not included in that combined Forces. under the influence of Saint Vidyaranya, they again reverted
According to the Farista, this battle was fought in Talikota but to Hinduism to establish the Vijayanagara Dynasty. They
the actual area of war was situated between two villages named were inspired by their spiritual teacher Vidyaranya and Sayan,
Rakshasi and Tangadi. *During the Battle of Talikota, the ruler
a noted commentator of Vedas. Four Dynasties ruled under
of Vijayanagara was Sadashiva Raya (1542 - 1570 AD) but the
this empire.
real power was in the hands of his minister Ramraya. *Hussain
Nizamashah killed Ramarai with his own hand in this battle. (i) Sangama dynasty (1336-1485). (ii) Saluva dynasty (1485-
*Thirumal after dethroning Sadashiva in Penukonda sat on the 1505), (iii) Tuluva dynasty (1505-1570) and (vi) Aravidu
throne and laid the foundation of Aravidu Dynasty (1570-1650 dynasty (1570-1650). These dynasties ruled over three
AD).* His successor was Rang I. * Venkata II became the
hundred years. The capitals of Vijayanagara were Anegundi,
ruler after Rang I. *He made Chandragiri his headquarters. *It
Vijayanagara, Vinukonda and Chandragiri respectively.
was the last dynasty in the series of great rulers of Vijayanagara.
*Venkata II was contemporary of King Vodiyar, who established 2. The ‘Vijayanagara’ Kingdom was founded by –
the kingdom of Mysore in 1612. *The main source of revenue (a) Hariharaa and Bukka (b) Krishnadeva Raya
in Vijayanagara empire was the taxes on the land/farm. The (c) Pushyamitra (d) Bhadrabahu
land was well-surveyed. Normally, the land tax was one-third Uttarakhand Lower (Sub.) (Pre) 2010
to one-sixth of the yield. It depends upon land category and
Ans. (a)
crop quality. The tax named ‘Shisht’ (Rai-rekha) was the main
source of state income. *Central Department of Revenue was See the explanation of above question.
Code –
Ans. (b) (a) Statement 1 is true
The governance of Krishnadeva Raya is known as the (b) Statement 2 is true
(c) Both the statements 1 & 2 are true
golden age of Telugu literature. The ‘Ashtadiggajas’ were
(d) All the three statements are true
the eight great poets and scholars of Telugu in the Court of
Vijayanagara. Telugu literature reached its peak during the R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) 2021
reign of Krishnadeva Raya. He assumed the title ‘Andhra Ans (c)
Bhoja’. ‘Peddana’ was ranked as the foremost of the Krishnadevaraya, ruler of Vijaynagar empire wrote the
'Ashtadiggaja'. He had mastery over two languages, Telugu treatise Amuktamalyada. He was also known as Andhra
and Sanskrit. Krishnadeva Raya was an accomplished Bhoj. Allasana Peddana was one of the Ashtadiggaj of
Krishnadevraya court but he was famous poet of Telugu
poet and writer. He authored ‘Amuktamalyada,’ which is
literature and not Sanskrit and Tamil.
considered as one of the five top Telugu epics. Krishnadeva
Raya had a great interest in art and construction work. He 15. Which city was founded by Krishnadeva Raya?
(a) Warangal (b) Nagalapura
is credited with the construction of Nagalpur city. The
(c) Udayagiri (d) Chandragiri
Portuguese traveller Domingo Paes visited Vijayanagara
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
during his reign. Babur had mentioned Krishnadeva Raya
Ans. (b)
as the most powerful among all the rulers of India in his
Shri Krishnadeva Raya was a great builder. The Hazara
autobiography.
Rama Temple, the Vittalswami temple at the capital city, is
11. Who among these known as ‘Andhra Bhoj’? attributed to him. He built a new city called Nagalapuram in
(a) Krishnadeva Raya (b) Rajendra Chola honour of his mother.
(c) Hariharaa (d) Bukka
16. The famous Hazara temple of Vijayanagara was built
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
during the reign of –
Ans. (a)
(a) Krishnadeva Raya (b) Deva Raya-I
See the explanation of above question. (c) Deva Raya-II (d) Hariharaa-I
12. The ‘Ashtadiggajas’ were associated with which of the M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
following rulers? Ans. (a)
(a) Shivaji (b) Krishnadeva Raya The famous Hazara Temple of Vijayanagara was built during
(c) Rajendra-I (d) Yashovarman the reign of Krishnadeva Raya.
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010
17. Abdur Razzaq visited Vijayanagara during the reign
Ans. (b)
of
See the explanation of above question. (a) Devaraya- I (b) Devaraya- II
26. The famous battle held in 1565 is – Tirumala, the brother of Ramaraya, dethroned Sadasiva Raya
(a) 1st Battle of Panipat (b) Battle of Khanwa and captured the power in 1570 AD. Thus, the rule of Aravidu
(c) IInd Battle of Panipat (d) Battle of Talikota dynasty started. After Tirumala, his eldest son Sriranga-I
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997 became king. Venkata-II became the king after Ranga-I,
Ans. (d) who made Chandragiri as his capital. He was one among
the greatest kings of Vijayanagara. He was a contemporary
The battle of Talikota (1565), a watershed battle, was fought
between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan Sultanates of king Wodeyar who laid the foundation of Mysore State
in 1612 A.D.
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
represent the ancient capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. The Delhi Sultanate: Administration
Virupaksha temple, located in Hampi, was built during the
Vijayanagara period. Hampi is a UNESCO world heritage site. *Sultans of the Slave Dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290 AD.
*Khalji Dynasty ruled from 1290 to 1320 AD. *The rulers of
34. The remains of Vijayanagara empire are found in -:
the Tughluq Dynasty ruled from 1320 to 1412 AD. Sayyid
(a) Bijapur
Dynasty ruled from 1414 to 1451 AD. *The rulers of Lodi
(b) Golconda
(c) Hampi Dynasty ruled from 1451 to 1526 AD. During Sultanate
(d) Baroda period, rule of Tughluq dynasty was the longest. *Most of the
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above Sultans and Amirs were Turks. *Sultan was the head of central
63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017 government. Similarly, during the Sultanate Period, those often
Ans (c) employed in all the influential positions were called the Amir.
These Amirs had a great effect when the Sultan was ineligible
See the explanation of above question.
and weak or under-age.
35. Which ruler of Vijayanagara had sent his ambassador *Administrative departments and the rulers who started these
to the emperor of China? departments are as follows –
(a) Hariharaa- I (b) Bukka- I
(c) Krishnadeva Raya (d) Saluva Narasimha *Diwan-i-Mustakhraj (Department of Revenue) - Alauddin
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 Khalji
Ans. (b) *Diwan-i-Riyasat (Department of Market Control) - Alauddin
Khalji
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Hariharaa and *Diwan-i-Amir Kohi (Agriculture Department) - Muhammad-
Bukka in 1336 AD. It is said that Vidyaranya (a sage) and
Bin Tughluq
Sayana (a commentator of Vedas), were the inspirational
source of this empire. There were four dynasties which ruled *Diwan-i-Khairat (Charity Department) - Firuz Tughluq
over Vijayanagara, i.e., Sangama Dynasty, Saluva Dynasty, *Diwan-i-Bandagan - Firuz Tughluq
Tuluva Dynasty and Aravidu Dynasty. Bukka- I (1356-77 *Diwan-i-Arz was related to Army Department
AD), king of Sangama dynasty, had sent a mission to the
*Diwan-i-Risalat was related to religious issues and to oversee
Emperor of China in 1374 AD.
foreign affairs.
36. Building Kalyaana Mandapas' was a notable feature *Diwan-i-Insha was related to Government Correspondence
in the temple construction in the kingdom of – *Diwan-i-Wazarat was related to financial matters/revenue
(a) Chalukya (b) Chandela department.
(c) Rashtrakuta (d) Vijayanagara Wizarat was an institute which was recognized in the Islamic
I.A.S. (Pre) 2019 Constitution. During the reign of Mahmud Ghazni, Abbas Fazal
Ans. (d) - Bin-Ahmad who was skilled in governing the administration
the war, the enemies of the state were looted by his people. 4/5
part of this loot was distributed among the soldiers and the (d) Dewan-i-Arz - Muhammad Tughluq
remaining 1/5 was deposited in the treasury, but Alauddin I.A.S. (Pre) 2001
Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq kept 4/5 in the treasury and the Ans. (a)
remaining 1/5 was divided among the soldiers. In the Sultanate Diwan-i-Bandagan was established by Firuz Shah Tughluq.
period, the smallest unit of governance was village, which
This department dealt with slaves. A new department
was under the arrangement of self-government and paternal
Diwan-i- Mustakhiraj was established by Alaudddin Khalji
authority. *Chaudhary was the highest official of land revenue
to deal with corruption and loot from the revenue system.
at the village level.
Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq created department ‘Diwan-
*The Sultanate period had two major currencies - Jital and
i-Amir Kohi’ for agrarian development. Diwan-i-Arz
Tanka. *Iltutmish was the first Turk ruler, who introduced
(Military Department) was created by Balban.
pure Arabic coins. *He introduced the two main coins namely
Tanka of silver and Jital of copper. *The ratio of Tanka and Jital 4. Who created the department of Diwan-i-Arz in Delhi
was 1: 48. *The name of the last Khalifa of Baghdad was first Sultanate?
mentioned on the coin of Alauddin Masood Shah (1242 - 46 (a) Balban (b) Iltutmish
AD). * The last Khalifa of Baghdad was Khalifa-al-Mustasim (c) Alauddin Khalji (d) Firuz Tughluq
( 1242 - 58 AD ). The name of Khalifa-al-Mustansir was R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018
mentioned on the coins of Iltutmish. Hadees was an Islamic Ans. (a)
law while the Jawabit was related to state law. Balban (1266-1286 CE) was undoubtedly one of the main
architects of the Delhi sultanate, particularly of its form of
1. The historian Barani did not consider the state in India
government and institutions. He separated Diwan-i-wazarat
under Delhi Sultans as truly Islamic because :
(Finance Department) and created a new Department
(a) The majority of the population did not follow Islam
Diwan-i-Arz (Military Department). He then reorganised
(b) The Muslim theologists were often disregarded the Diwan-i-Arz and deployed the army in different parts
(c) The Sultan supplemented the Muslim law by framing of the kingdom to put down the rebellion.
his regulations
5. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly
(d) The religious freedom was accorded to non-Muslims matched:
I.A.S. (Pre) 2002 (a) Diwan-i-Mushtakharaj - Alauddin Khalji
Ans. (a) (b) Diwan-i-Amir Kohi - Muhammad Bin Tughluq
(c) Diwan-i-Khairat - Firuz Tughluq
Historian Barani refused to consider the state in India under
(d) Diwan-i-Riyasat - Balban
Delhi sultans as truly Islamic because the majority of the U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
population did not follow Islam. Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
Code:
A B C D In Islamic traditions, Khums refers to the historically required
(a) 1 3 4 2 religious delegation of the Muslim army to pay one-fifth of
(b) 2 4 1 3 the spoils of war, the booty collected from non-believers
(c) 3 2 1 4 after a military campaign.This tax was paid to the caliph or
(d) 4 1 2 3 sultan, representing the state of Islam. Rest of the other are
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013 taxes levied on the land product.
Ans. (d) 10. Which medieval king of India introduced the ‘Iqta
The correctly matched departments and their activities are system’?
(a) Iltutmish (b) Balban
as follows : (c) Alauddin Khalji (d) None of these
Diwan-i- Arz - Dealt with Military department U. P. P. C. S. (Pre) 2010
Diwan-i-Risalat - Dealt with religious issues/ Ans. (a)
matters/related to foreign matters. Iltutmish introduced 'Iqta' system in India. In the Islamic
Diwan-i-Insha - Dealt with State correspondence empire of the Caliph, land granted to army officials for
Diwan-i-Wizarat - Dealt with financial matters limited periods in lieu of a regular wage. The Iqta system was
introduced in the 9th century A.D. to relieve the state treasury
7. 'Diwan-E-Arj' department was associated with:
when insufficient tax revenue and little booty from wars made
(a) Royal correspondence (b) Foreign
it difficult for the government to pay salaries.
(c) Defence (d) Finance
11. Which one of the following is NOT the characteristics
60 to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
th
of 'Iqta System'?
Ans. (c)
(a) Iqta was a revenue collection system
See the explanation of above question. (b) Siyasatnama was the source of information for Iqta
system
8. Which one of the following dynasties saw the heyday (c) Revenue from Iqta was directly deposited in Sultan's
of the Wizarat: account
(a) The Ilbari (b) The Khalji (d) Muqti was supported to maintain troops out of the
(c) The Tughluq (d) The Lodi revenue collected from Iqta
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
Iltutmish was the first to issue regular currency and declare The ‘Alai Darwaza is the main gate on the south of the
Delhi as the capital of his empire. He started the ‘Tanka’ and Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque at the Qutb Minar premises. It has
a domed entrance which was constructed using red sandstone
the ‘Jital’ coins made up of silver and copper respectively in and is adorned with white marble. It was built in 1311 AD
the Sultanate period. Shashgani was also a silver coin. The by Turkish craftsmen. It is one of the first buildings in India
ratio of tanka and jital was 1:48. in Islamic architectural style.
2. Who among the following did not contribute to the
22. On whose coins the name of the last Caliph of Baghdad construction of Qutb Minar :
appeared for the first time? (a) Qutbuddin Aybak (b) Iltutmish
(a) Qutbuddin Aybak (b) Iltutmish (c) Alauddin Khalji (d) Firuz Shah Tughluq
(c) Alauddin Khalji (d) Alauddin Masud Shah U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
Qutbuddin Aibak, the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, commenced
On the coins of Alauddin Masud Shah (1242-1246 A.D.), the construction of Qutb Minar in 1193, but could complete
the name of the last Caliph of Baghdad appeared for the only its basement. His successor, Iltutmish, added three more
first time. The last Caliph of Baghdad was Al-Mustasim. He storeys and, in 1368 Firuz Shah Tughluq constructed the fourth
held this position from 1242-58 A.D. The name of Caliph and fifth story. Qutb Minar has been named after Qutbuddin
Mustanasir was inscribed on the coins of Iltutmish (served Bakhtiar Kaki, the famous Sufi saint. Sultan Alauddin Khalji
from 1226 to 1242 A.D.) did not contribute in building the Qutb Minar.
Amir Khusrau is known as the father of Hindi Khari Boli. Tabaqat-i-Nasiri is a medieval text by Minhaj-i-Siraj. It is an
He was a promoter of new poetic style ‘Sabak-e-Hindi’ or important sourcebook for the reconstruction of the history of
‘Hindustani Style.’ the foundation of Muslim rule in Bengal. A pieces of evidence
15. The savant of both language “Hindi and Persian” was – in literature suggest that in 1193, the Nalanda University was
(a) Akbar (b) Tansen sacked by Bakhtiyar Khalji a Turk. The Persian Historian
(c) Amir Khusrau (d) Bairam Khan Minhaj-i-Siraj in his chronicle Tabaqat-i-Nasiri reported
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 that thousands of monks were burned alive and thousand
Ans. (c) beheaded as Khalji tried his best to uproot Buddhism.
3. What is the sequence of arrival of these travellers ? 5. Who were called ‘Dastar-Bandan’?
1. Ibn Battuta 2. Tavernier (a) Sufi Saint (b) Khan
3. Al-Biruni 4. Manucci (c) Malik (d) Ulema
Code : U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 3, 1, 2, 4 Ans. (d)
(c) 2, 3, 4, 1 (d) 4, 1, 2, 3
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002 During the Sultanate period, high positioned or designated
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1997 religious and judicial authorities honourables (Ulema) were
Ans. (b)
collectively known as Dastar-Bandan, because they dressed
(i) Al-Biruni : Al-Biruni was a resident of Khiva (ancient with an official turban.
Khwarizm). He was in the court of the last emperor
of Khiva dynasty as a scholar and diplomat before 6. Which Sultan demanded half the crops on land after
Mahmud Ghazni’s victory over India. He came to India measurement as revenue?
with Mahmud Ghazni during his invasion on India. (a) Iltutmish
(ii) Ibn Battuta (1333-1347 ) : He was Moroccan traveller. (b) Balban
He came to India during the Sultanate period in the
(c) Alauddin Khalji
regime of Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq (1325-1351A.D.)
(d) Muhammad-Bin Tughluq
Muhammad Tughluq appointed him as ‘Qazi’ of Delhi.
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Later, he sent him China as an ambassador in 1342. He
B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
composed his travelling experiences in his book “Rihla.”
Ans. (c)
(b) Village headmen *Jaunpur was founded by Firuz Tughluq in the memory of
(c) Specialists in Vedic rituals his cousin Jauna Khan (Muhammad-Bin Tughluq). *Jaunpur
(d) Chiefs of craft guilds became an independent state during the reign of Sultan Mahmud
I.A.S. (Pre) 2014
Shah II (1394.). *It was established by Malik, who founded the
Ans. (*)
independent Sharqi kingdom. Malik Sarwar was a slave of
According to an article entitled ‘Village Administration Muhammad Shah II. *Sultan gave him the title of Malik- Ush-
in Ancient India’ published in Indian political science Sharq (the owner of the East) and Khwaja-e-Jahan. *Sharqi
association in January-March 2004 (volume-65, No.1), the rulers continued Jaunpur’s independence for nearly 85 years
centre of administration in India was a village in ancient but in 1479, Bahlul Lodi defeated its last ruler Hussain Shah
times (600-1200 AD). The village government was carried and made Jaunpur a part of Delhi Sultanate again.
under the supervision of the village headman. He was also *Ibrahim Shah Sharqi (1402 - 1440 AD) Gazette of India was
known as Gramani. In northern India, he was called Garmika the greatest ruler of the Sharqi dynasty of Jaunpur. *During his
or Gramyakaand Mununda in the eastern India, Pattakila reign, a new type of style emerged which was called ‘Sharqi
or Gramakuta in Maharashtra, Gavunda in Karnataka and style’. *He himself assumed the title of ‘Siraj-e-Hind’.
Mahattaka in Uttar Pradesh. In the text, Indian Epigraphical *During this time, the cultural fame of Jaunpur spread all
Glossary (Writer-Dinesh Chandra Sarkar), Mahattaka has around and the state became famous as the ‘Siraj of India’.
been stated as headman or the member of Panchayat Board. It *Vidyapati has beautifully described Jaunpur and Ibrahim
is appropriate to mention here that Dr. Harishchandra Verma Shah in ‘Kirtilata Kavya’.
in his book ‘Madhyakalin Bharat Bhag-1’ has described *Ali Shah’s brother Shahi Khan sat on the throne of Kashmir
Mahattar as "The categories of artisans found in inscriptions. as Jain-ul-Abidin in 1420. He became the greatest ruler of
Their head was called Mahattar. Kashmir. *He abolished ‘Jizya’ and banned cow slaughter.
25. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly He got "Mahabharata" & "Rajtarangini" translated in Persian.
matched? *‘Jaina Lanka’ island was built by Jain-Ul-Abidin in ‘Wullar
(a) Adina Masjid - Mandu Lake’. Jain-ul-Abidin (1420-70 AD) is called ‘Akbar of
(b) Lal Darwaza masjid - Jaunpur Kashmir’ due to religious tolerance and good deeds.
(c) Dakhil Darwaza - Gaour *Zafar Khan declared himself Sultan of Gujarat in 1407 AD
(d) Tin Darwaza - Ahmedabad adopting the name ‘Sultan Muzaffar Shah’. *He defeated the
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 ruler of Malwa Husangshah and occupied his capital Dhar,
Ans. (a) but later he returned his kingdom. *Later, Fateh Khan sat
Adina Mosque (Jama Masjid) is located in Pandaua (West on the throne in 1458 AD. *He took the title of ‘Abul Fateh
Bengal). It was built by the ruler of Bengal Sikandar Shah Mahmood’, but in history he became famous as Mahmud
(1358-90 AD) around 1360 AD. Begda. *His main victories were the forts of Champaner and
*In the same era, Ferishta had completed the work of a famous 3. Which one of the following places was known as ‘Shiraz
historic book named ‘Tarik-e-Ferishta’. *Ibrahim established of East’ during the regime of Sharqi Rulers ?
Navrasapur city. *The mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah
(a) Agra (b) Delhi
of Bijapur is known as ‘Gol Gumbad’. It is one of the largest
(c) Jaunpur (d) Varanasi
historic buildings in India and one of the world’s largest domes.
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
*Gujari Mahal was built by King Man Singh Tomar in the 16th
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001
century. Currently, Gujari Mahal is converted into Museum.
Ans. (c)
Independent states of Bahamani
State Founder Dynasty Jaunpur attained its greatest height under Sharqi Dynasty
ruler, Ibrahim Shah (1402-1440 AD). He constructed some
Barar Fatehullah Imad Imadshahi Dynasty
monuments in a new regional style of architecture known as
Shah
the Sharqi architecture. Jaunpur was also known as the Shiraz
Bijapur Yusuf Adilshah Adilshahi Dynasty
of India during this period. Most notable examples of Sharqi
Ahmednagar Malik Ahmad Nizamshahi Dynasty style of architecture in Jaunpur are the Atala Masjid, Lal
Golconda Quli Qutbshah Qutbshahi Dynasty Darwaza Masjid, and Jama Masjid.
Beedar Amir Ali Barid Baridshahi Dynasty
4. Which one of the following places was called “Shiraz
1. The city of Jaunpur was founded in the memory of : of India” ?
(a) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq (a) Agra (b) Allahabad
(b) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(c) Jaunpur (d) Lucknow
(c) Firuz Shah Tughluq
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
(d) Akbar
Ans. (c)
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2004
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2003 See the explanation of above question.
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002
5. Who was the last ruler of 'Jaunpur' state?
Ans. (b)
(a) Mohammad Shah (b) Hussain Shah
Firuz Shah Tughluq built 300 new cities. Fatehabad, Hisar, (c) Mubarak Shah (d) Ibrahim Shah
Firozpur, Hisar and Jaunpur was established by the sultan of U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
Delhi Firuz Shah Tughluq in 1359 and named in the memory Ans. (b)
of his cousin Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq whose name was
Jaunpur city was founded in 14th century by Sultan Firuz Shah
Jauna Khan. Firuz Shah Tughluq appointed Malik Sarwar,
Tughluq and named in memory of his cousin, Muhammad-
a eunuch who was notorious for having been the lover
of Firuz Shah Tughluq’s daughter, as the governor of Bin Tughluq whose real name was Jauna Khan. In 1394,
first time? The medieval Indian states such as Champaka and Kuluta
(a) Zain-ul-Abidin were related to current Himachal Pradesh. Durgara was
(b) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq situated in Jammu. Champaka, Durgara and Kuluta were
related to Rajputs which were part of the then Punjab. These
(c) Hussain Shah Sharqi
three state rise as a result of Tripartite struggling state's down,
(d) Akbar
fall (Pal, Pratihara and Rashtrakuta).
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2006
12. Bahmani State was established by –
Ans. (a)
(a) Alauddin Hasan
See the explanation of above question. (b) Ali Abid Shah
27. What is modern name of Hoysaleshvara’s ancient 31. Who were Polygars of South India?
capital of Dwarasamudra? (a) Ordinary Zamindars
(a) Sringeri (b) Belur (b) Mahajans
(c) Halebid (d) Somnathpur (c) Territorial Administrative and Military Governors
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003 (d) Newly enriched traders
Ans. (c) U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015
The capital of the Hoysala dynasty was Dwarasamudra, Ans. (c)
which is currently in Halebid. Palaiyakkarar or Polygar was the feudal title of a class of
administrative and Military governors appointed by the
28. Which one of the following monuments has a dome
Nayaka rulers of South India (notably Vijayanagara Empire,
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
and grown up by a weaver couple Neeru and Neema. *‘Bijak’ which Ramcharitmanasa and Vinayapatrika are the best
is a compilation of the sermons of Saint Kabir. It is a holy book ones. * ‘Ramcharitmanas’ was composed by Goswami Tulsidas
of those who believe in the Kabirpanthi sect. *'Sabad', 'Sakhi' (1532-1623) in Awadhi language.
and 'Ramani' are compositions of Kabir but his dialogues with * Sufisim was born in a foreign land, but it was mainly
Dharmadasa are found in the book titled ‘Amarmool’. *Saint influenced by Indian Vedanta philosophy.
Malukdasa was born in the family of Lala Sundar Das Khatri *Chishtiya Sufi was founded by Abu Shaaq Sami and his
in 1574 AD in Kada (present-day Kaushambi district). *Guru disciple Khwaja Abu Abdal Chishti in Chishti of Afghanistan.
Ghasidas was born in December, 1756 AD in Giraudpuri But it was primarily promoted by Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti
village in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. in India. *He came to India with Muhammad Ghori’s Army
12 Jyotirlingas devoted to lord Shiva are found in different in 1192 AD (12th century). *He made his residence in Ajmer
parts of India. (Rajasthan). *He died in 1236 AD. *Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar
These are - Kedarnath, Vishwanath, Vaidyanath, Kaki was his main disciple. Khawaja Muinuddin Chishti
Mahakaleshwara, Omkareshwara, Nageshwara, Somnath, became a disciple of Khwaja Usman Chishti Haruni at Nishapur.
Trayambakeshwara, Dhrishneshwara, Bhimashankara, *Shaikh Fariduddin - Ganj-i-Shakar Chishti was a Sufi saint of
Mallikarjuneswami and Rameshwaram. Chishti order who was popular as Baba Farid. *Chishtia order
*Gurunanka was born in Talwandi in Punjab in 1469 AD. got popularity in India due to his efforts. *His most important
Now this place is called ‘Nankana Sahib’. *It is located in contributions are the compositions compiled in the Guru
Shaikhpura district of western Punjab (now in Pakistan). * Granth Sahib. He was the son-in-law of Balban. *He was the
Guru Nanak died in 1539 AD at Derababa. *Guru Nanak spiritual teacher of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya. *Alauddin
(1469 - 1539 AD) was the founder of Sikh religion during the Sabir Kaliyari and Nasiruddin Chirag-i-Dehlavi were his
reign of Sikandar Lodi (1489 - 1517 AD). *Nanak believed in other prominent disciples.
monotheism and emphasized the worship of Nirgun Brahma. *Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya’s Dargah is located in Delhi.
*Gurunanak says, “God knows the qualities of a person, but *Nizamuddin Auliya died in 1325 AD.* He was buried in
he does not ask about his caste, because there is no caste in Giaspur (Delhi) *Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya saw the reign of
the world." seven sultans, which came to the power one after the other, but
*Guru Nanak started the community kitchen known as ‘Guru he never went to anyone’s court. *When Alauddin asked him
Ka Langer’. The followers used to eat together without paying to meet, Shaikh replied that 'there are two gates in my house
any attention to the caste. *Meerabai was the only daughter of if Sultan comes through one, then I will go out by the other'.
Ratan Singh Rathore of Merta. * She was born in village Kudaki Thus, he refused to meet Alauddin. *He was popularly known
of Merta in 1498 AD. She was married to Prince Bhojraja, the as Mehboob-e-Elahi and ‘Sultan-ul-Auliya’ (King of Saints).
eldest son of famous ruler Rana Sanga of Udaipur. *Shaikh Salim Chisti’s name is notable in the last Sufis of
*Namdeva had an important role in popularizing the Bhakti Chishti Branch. His father’s name was Shaikh Bahauddin.
movement in Maharashtra. *He was born in Pandharpur in * He lived in Arabia for several years and was conferred with
*It was the most radical order among Sufis. They opposed Shankaracharya.
Akbar’s liberal policies. *Aurangzeb was a follower of this
2. Samkaras philosophy is called as –
Sufi order.
(a) Monism (b) Integral Monism
*Sufi Saint Shah Muhammed Gaus has accepted Krishna as (c) Dualism (d) Non-dualism
Auliya. *He was the most famous saint of Sattari order. *He Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
had close relations with Mughal emperor Humayun and Tansen. Ans. (d)
*The famous composition of Muhammad Gaus is ‘Jawahir-
e-Khamsa’ in which he expresses his spiritual quest. *He has Sanskara's philosophy is known as radical non-dualism or
translated the book ‘Amritkund’ of Hatha Yoga by the name Advaita Vedanta. It was first outlined around 8th century CE.
of ‘Bahar-Ul-Hayat’. 3. The Bhakti culture reborn in India during-
*The place of residence of Sufi saints is called Khanqah. (a) Vedic age
*‘Sama’ is the name of a Sufi ceremony. *The person (b) 10 century AD
th
authorized to teach and guide Sufism was called Shaikh. (c) 12 century AD
th
*Scholars of religious laws of Islam are called ‘Ulema’. (d) 15 -16 century AD
th th
from Barabanki in Uttar Pradesh. *Jesus Christ was born in when Kabir, Tulsi, Nanak, Sur and Mirabai encouraged the
Bethlehem city of Jewish Province in 4 BC. * According to movement.
(c) Ramanuja (d) Chaitanya Manas and Barnadi in western Assam. Vaishnavism in
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009 Kamarupa was popularized by Shankaradeva, the founder
Ans. (b) of Ekasarana sect. They believed in God Vishnu or his
The dictum above is related to Saint Ramanandaji. His incarnation Krishna. They also opposed both rituals and
pupils were from all castes, religions and sects. idolatry. They were known as Chaitanya of Assam.
6. A common feature to all Bhakti Saints was that they – 9. Who among the following introduced Vaishnavism in
(a) Composed their verses in the language understood by Assam and Cooch Behar?
their followers (a) Chaitanya (b) Madhva
(c) Shankaradeva (d) Vallabhacharya
(b) Rejected the authority of the priestly class
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011
(c) Encouraged women to go to the temples
Ans. (c)
(d) Encouraged idol worship
47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005 Shankaradeva introduced Vaishnavism in Assam and Cooch
Ans. (a) Behar.
The conduct of Bhakti saints was of a very high standard. 10. Famous medieval saint Shankaradeva belonged to –
Many of them visited the country and met many people (a) Shaiva Cult (b) Vaishnava Cult
(c) Advaita Cult (d) Dvaita-Advaita cult
having different views. They also contributed to the
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
advancement of Hindi, Kannada, Punjabi, Bengali, Telugu,
Ans. (b)
Tamil and other languages. The Saints of Bhakti movement
gave their verses in regional and local languages so that their See the explanation of above question.
followers could easily understand it. This was the main reason 11. Ramanujacharya is related to –
behind the development of local languages. (a) Bhakti (b) Dvaitvad
(c) Vishistadvaita (d) Monotheism
7. With reference to the religious history of medieval
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
India, the Sufi mystics were known to pursue which
Ans. (c)
of the following practices?
1. Meditation and control of breath. Ramanujacharya was the earliest propagator of the Bhakti
2. Severe ascetic exercises in a lonely place. movement. The philosophy of Sri Ramanujacharya is known
3. Recitation of holy songs to arouse a state of ecstasy in Sanskrit as Vishistadvaita. This term literally means
in their audience. “non-duality of reality as characterized by attributes. The
Select the correct answer using the codes given below : central idea of Vishistadvaita is this: ‘there exists an ultimate
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 principle, an absolute being that is the source and substratum
(c) Only 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 of all that exists.’
movement. The philosophy of Sri Ramanujacharya is known Merta, Rajasthan. Mira was married to Bhojraj, the eldest
in Sanskrit as Vishistadvaita. The followers of Ramanuja are son of the famous ruler of Udaipur Rana Sanga. But King
known as Vaishnava. He emphasized on Saguna worship. Bhojraj died after few years. After the death of her husband,
29. Which of the following was the birthplace of Guru Mirabai spent her whole life worshipping Lord Krishna. She
Nanak? was the contemporary of Tulsidas (1532-1623 AD), Guru
(a) Amritsar (b) Nabha Nanak (1469-1539 AD) and Chaitanya (1486-1534 AD) but
(c) Nankana (d) Nanded Ramkrishna (1836-1886 AD) was not contemporary of her.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
Ans. (c) 33. The name of the husband of famous devotee poet Mira-
Nankana Sahib also known as Talwandi in Shekhpura district, (a) Rana Ratan Singh (b) Rajkumar Bhojraj
(c) Rana Uday Singh (d) Rana Sanga
West Punjab (in Pakistan) was the birthplace of Guru Nanak,
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997
the founder of Sikh religion. He was born on April 15, 1469,
Ans. (b)
in a Khatri family. He had a strong faith in the worship of
Nirakar Brahma. He passed away in 1539 at Derababa. See the explanation of above question.
30. In whose regime Guru Nanak Dev founded Sikh 34. Who wrote ‘Rag-Govind’?
religion? (a) Mirabai (b) Narhari
(a) Firuz Shah Tughluq (b) Sikandar Lodi (c) Surdas (d) Raskhan
(c) Humayun (d) Akbar
(e) None of the above
U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
Ans. (b) Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
Ans. (a)
Guru Nanak(1469-1539) founded the Sikh religion during the
period of Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517). Nanak used to believe ‘Rag-Govind’ was written by Mirabai.
in monotheism and forced on worshipping of ‘Nirguna 35. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Brahma.’ He believed that there is one and shapeless God. (a) Dhruvadas - Bhagat Namawali
He did not believe in anthropomorphism. (b) Nabhadas - Bhaktamal
(c) Raskhan - Rasik Priya
31. ‘God knows man’s virtues and enquires not his caste,
(d) Usman- Chitrawali
in the next world there is no caste!’ This was the theory U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
of which Bhakti saint? Ans. (c)
(a) Ramanand (b) Dadu
Rasik Priya is a famous work of Acharya Keshavdas. Other
(c) Nanak (d) Ramanuja
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010 famous works of Acharya Keshavdas are Ramchandrika and
Ans. (c) Kavi priya.
(c) 3 2 1 4
(a) Chaitanya (b) Mirabai
(c) Namdev (d) Vallabhacharya (d) 2 3 4 1
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010 I.A.S. (Pre) 2001
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010 Ans. (b)
Ans. (c) The correctly matched list is as follows-
Namdev played an important role in popularising Bhakti Namdev - Tailor
movement in Maharashtra. He was born in 1270 AD at Kabir - Weaver
Pandharpur. Gyaneshwar was his teacher. He was related to Ravidas - Cobbler
Varakari sect. He was a disciple of Vishobha Khechar who Sena - Barber
gave him the education of mystic life and introduced him to 40. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is related to which sect?
an omnipresent form of God. Namdev was quite influenced (a) Vaishnava (b) Shaiva
by Islam among the Saints of Bhakti Movement. He opposed (c) Buddhist (d) Sufi
idolatry, fast, pilgrimage and harsh physical practices. He U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ans. (a)
said “One stone is lovingly decorated, while another stone
is walked upon. If one is a God, then the other must also be Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, was born in Nadia district of West
a God”. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer. Bengal in a Brahmin family, was one of the greatest saints of
Bhakti Movement. Jagannath Mishra and Shachi Devi were
38. Consider the following Bhakti Saints
his parents. His childhood name was Nimai. Chaitanya was
1. Dadu Dayal
a follower of Krishna and preached their devotion. He also
2. Guru Nanak
lived in Vrindavan for many days.
3. Tyagaraja
Who among the above was/were preaching when the 41. Whose contemporary was Tulsidas?
Lodi dynasty fell and Babur took over? (a) Akbar and Jahangir (b) Shahjahan
(a) 1 and 3 (b) Only 2 (c) Aurangzeb (d) Babur and Humayun
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2 U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
Ans. (a)
I.A.S. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (b) The famous devotee/saint Goswami Tulsidas was
the contemporary of Akbar and Jahangir. He wrote,
Dadu Dayal lived between 1544 to 1603 AD. Guru Nanak
‘Ramcharitmanas’ and ‘Vinay Patrika’ are best among all
lived between 1469 and 1539 AD and Tyagaraja between
of them. Tulsidas had no relation with the court. He spent
1767 to 1847 AD. Tyagaraja was the devotee poet of Bhakti most of his time in Banaras (Varanasi). He finds mention in
path and great musician of Karnataka. The collapse of Lodi Ain-i-Akbari of Abul Fazl.
59. The Sufi saint who maintained that devotional music Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya saw the regime of more than
was one way of coming close to God was : seven Sultans, but he never visited their court. Sultan
(a) Muinuddin Chishti Jalaluddin tried to meet Nizamuddin Auliya through Amir
(b) Baba Farid Khusrau but when Nizamuddin Auliya heard that the Sultan is
(c) Sayyid Muhammad Gisudaraz about to come, he moved to Ajodhan. When Alauddin asked
(d) Shah Alam Bukhari him to meet, then Shaikh replied: “there are two doors in my
I.A.S. (Pre) 1996 home, if the Sultan comes from one door, I will go out by
Ans. (a) another.” He was also known as ‘Mehboob-e-Ilahi.’
Muinuddin Chishti also known as Gharib Nawaz was an 63. Which Sufi Saint was called ‘Mehboob-e-Ilahi’ ?
Imam, Islamic scholar and philosopher from South Asia. (a) Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti
Chishti introduced and established the Chishti order of Sufism (b) Baba Farid
in the Indian subcontinent. He maintained that devotional (c) Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
music was one way to come closer to God. (d) Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya
60. Who among the following does not belong to the Chishti U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
order? Ans. (d)
(a) Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki See the explanation of above question.
(b) Shaikh Abdul Jilani
(c) Shaikh Moinuddin 64. Which of the following Sufi saints is known as
(d) Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya Mahboob-i-Ilahi?
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016 (a) Shaikh Muinuddin Chishti
Ans. (b) (b) Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya
(c) Baba Farid
Chishti order is a Sunni Sufi order within the mystic Sufi (d) Shaikh Nasiruddin Chirag-i-Dehalivi
tradition of Islam. Muinuddin Chisti introduced the Chishti Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
order in Lahore and Ajmer. Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki was a Ans. (b)
saint of Chisti order from Delhi; Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya See the explanation of above question.
was a saint of Chisti order in Indian sub-continent. Shaikh
65. The most reputed disciple of Shaikh Farid who had
Abdul Jilani did not belong to Chishti order rather he founded
seen the reign of as many as seven sultans of Delhi was
Qadiriya (Sufi order). (a) Nizamuddin Auliya
Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020
Ans. (d) See the explanation of above question.
Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya was a famous Sufi saint of the 70. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct
Chisti order. He was also called Mahbub-e-Ilahi. He was answer from the codes given below:
List – I List – II
born in Badayun, UP. Initially, he lived with Baba Farid at
A. Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti 1. Suhrawardiya
Ajodhan (Pakistan) and later he shifted to Dilli. His, shrine B. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi 2. Qadiriya
the Nizamuddin Dargah, is located in Delhi and it is one of C. Dara Shukoh 3. Chishtiya
the most revered places in Sufi order. D. Shaikh Shahabuddin 4. Naqshbandyia
Code :
67. The thought of which of the following Sufi saint have A B C D
(a) 2 3 1 4
been incorporated in the religious book incorporated (b) 1 4 2 3
in the religious book ‘Adi Granth’ of the Sikh? (c) 3 4 2 1
(a) Shaikh Muinuddin Chishti (d) 4 2 3 1
(b) Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
(c) Fariduddin-Ganj-i-Shakar Ans. (c)
(d) Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994 The correctly matched list is as follows :
Ans. (c) Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti - Chishtiya
Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi - Naqshbandiya
Shaikh Fariduddin-Ganj-i-Shakar was a saint of Chishti Dara Shukoh - Qadiriya
Silsila who was also famous by the name of Baba Farid. He Shaikh Shahabuddin - Suhrawardiya
played an important role in promoting Chishti Silsila in India. 71. Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria belonged to which sect?
His most important contribution are his compositions which (a) Suhrawardi order (b) Rishi order
(c) Chisti order (d) Firdausi order
are compiled in Guru Granth Sahib. He was the son-in-law of (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Balban. Hansi and Ajodhan were the centres of his activities. B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (a)
68. The famous saint Shaikh Salim Chishti lived in-
Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria (1182-1268 AD) started
(a) Delhi (b) Ajmer
Suhrawardi sect in India. Shaikh Sadr-ud-din Arif, Shaikh
(c) Fatehpur Sikri (d) Lahore
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999 Rakh-ud-din Abul Fateh and Shaikh Jalaluddin Surkh were
Ans. (c) associated with this Sufi sect.
(teacher), but he could not be as generous as him. Akbar was saint of this Silsila who came to India and made Kashmir
a contemporary of Shaikh Salim Chishti. Shaikh Mohiuddin as the centre of his activities. The promotion of this sect
Qadir Jilani of Baghdad was the first founder of Qadri sect. was mainly started around the 17 century by Khwaja
th
He is counted among the great saints of Islam. Niamatullah Baki Billah, who came to Kabul on orders of his master.
and Makhdum Muhammad Jilani preached this sect in India Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi also known as Mujaddid the
during the 15th century. Makhdum Jilani made Uchha his reformer of Islam) was his disciple. He propounded
center for education. Thus, statement 2 and 4 is correct. Wajdat-ul-Shuhud (positivist philosophy) which was
against the order Sama (Music). It was the most radical
73. The most orthodox Sufi order was – order among Sufis. He also opposed the liberal policies
(a) Chishti (b) Suhrawardi of Akbar. Aurangzeb was the follower of this Sufi order.
(c) Naqshbandi (d) Qadiri
76. From the given pairs identify the incorrect pair –
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
(a) Chishti-Delhi and Doab
Ans. (c) (b) Suhrawardi-Sindh
Baha-ud-Din Naqshbandi Bukhari founded the Sufi (c) Auliya-Madhya Pradesh
Naqshbandi order in 14th century. This order was made (d) Firdausi-Bihar
popular in India by Babur. Insistence on rigid adherence to Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
Shariat and nurturing love for Prophet was the essence of this Ans. (c)
order. According to Jharkhand Public Service Commission, The dominion of Chishti order existed in Delhi and
option (b) is the correct answer.
surrounding areas while the area of Suhrawardi order existed
74. Who of the following saints were Sufi- in Sindh region. Firdausi order was a part of Chishti order
1. Rahim 2. Nizamuddin Auliya whose dominion existed in the region of Bihar. Auliya is
3. Muinuddin Chishti 4. Raskhan not any order, but a title given to ‘Nizamuddin’ the famous
Choose your answer from the codes given below- Saint of Delhi. The dominion of Nizamuddin Auliya existed
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 3 in Delhi. Thus, option (c) is incorrect.
from Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. of Sar-e-Pul in which Babur was defeated. *After winning
85. The birthplace of Christ is- Kabul in 1504 AD Babur renounced his ancestral title “Mirza”
(a) Jerusalem (b) Bethlehem and assumed new title, “Padshah”.
(c) London (d) Babylon *Alam Khan was the uncle of Ibrahim Lodhi. He invited Babur
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1995 to invade India, claiming his right to the Delhi throne. *In 1524
Ans. (b) AD, during the 4th campaign of Babur, there was a bitter feud
Jesus Christ was born in 4th BC at Bethlehem of Jewish between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi and Daulat Khan, the
province. governor of Punjab. Ibrahim Lodi ordered Daulat Khan to visit
his capital but Daulat Khan violated his orders and sent his son
86. The spirit of Christians behind the festival of Easter
Dilawar Khan to Babur with a message to help him to dethrone
is-
(a) Jesus preached this day Ibrahim Lodi and enthrone Alam Khan in place of him. It was
(b) Jesus departed from the world a golden opportunity for Babur as he had already received the
(c) Jesus went to Nazareth invitation of Rana Sanga, the king of Mewar. He was quite
(d) The day of Resurrection of Christ
assured that the opportunity to conquer India has come.
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992
*The first Battle of Panipat was fought between Babur and
Ans. (d)
Ibrahim Lodi on 21 April, 1526. Babur possessed specific
Easter is a festival of Christians celebrating the resurrection military tactics. The vast artillery of Babur was one of the
of Jesus Christ on the third day after his crucifixion. main reasons behind his victory. The army of Ibrahim Lodi
87. Which Christian saint is famous for the love with lost the battle despite being more in numbers. Ibrahim Lodi
animal and birds? was killed in this battle. As a result, the entire area up to Delhi
(a) Saint Paul (b) Saint Thomas and Agra came under Babur’s control. *Babur declared himself
(c) Saint Francis of Assisi (d) Saint Peter the ruler on April 27, 1526 and founded the Mughal empire in
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1997 India. Babur used Tulughma technique in the first battle of
Ans. (c)
Panipat. The huge artillery of Babur was one of the main reasons
Saint Francis of Assisi (1181-1226 AD) is famous for his behind his victory. Ustad Ali Quli led the artillery and Mustafa
love of birds and animals. commended the battalion of gunners. Babur's generosity, earned
88. Why is Good Friday of Christians celebrated? him the title of “Qalandar”. Cannons were used for the first
(a) Jesus Christ had died time in India in the first Battle of Panipat.
(b) Jesus Christ was born *Babur declared Jehad in the Battle of Khanwa. The battle of
(c) Jesus Christ crucified
Khanwa was fought place on March 16, 1527, between Babur
(d) AD was introduced
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 and Rana Sanga. Babur defeated Rana Sanga in this Battle and
Ans. (c) assumed the title of Ghazi. In 1528 AD, Babur took control
Ibrahim Lodi on 21 April, 1526. The main reason of Babur’s 21st April, 1526 A.D. in the Battle of Panipat.
victory in the battle of Panipat was his skilled warfare.
The army of Babur was smaller than the army of Ibrahim 10. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly
matched?
Lodi, even then he won the battle with the help of his
(a) First Battle of Panipat - 1526
effective warfare policy. Babur noted, “Ibrahim Lodi was an (b) Battle of Khanwa - 1527
inexperienced young man careless in his movements, who (c) Battle of Ghaghara - 1529
marched without order, halted or retired without method and (d) Battle of Chanderi - 1530
engaged without foresight.” U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015
Ans. (d)
6. At which of the following battles was artillery used for
the first time by one of the two armies ? The first Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between Babur
(a) First Battle of Panipat and Ibrahim Lodi, the Battle of Khanwa was fought between
(b) Battle of Khanwa Babur and Rana Sanga in 1527 AD, the Battle of Ghaghra was
(c) Battle of Plassey fought in 1529 AD between Babur and Afghan rulers while
(d) Third Battle of Panipat the Battle of Chanderi was fought in 1528 AD between Babur
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996 and Medini Rai. Thus, option (d) is not correctly matched.
Ans. (a) 11. Consider the following:
In India, artillery was used for the first time in the Battle of The arrival of Babur in India led to the
1. Introduction of gunpowder in the subcontinent
Panipat. The first battle of Panipat was fought on April 21,
2. Introduction of the arch and dome in the region
1526. It was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi. The architecture
battalion of artillery was headed by Ustad Ali Kul and the 3. Establishment of Timurid dynasty in the region
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
battalion of gunners was headed by Mustafa.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
7. The reason for Babur’s victory over Ibrahim Lodi was- (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
I.A.S. (Pre) 2015
(a) Bravery of Babur (b) Artillery
Ans. (b)
(c) Weakness of Ibrahim (d) Skilled commandant
Gunpowder entered India through China. In 13th century it
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
was used to demolish Fort's wall. But credit for using it in
Ans. (d)
cannons and guns goes to Babur. Zahiruddin Babur descended
Skilled commandant were the primary reason for Babur's from the Turk-Mongol Conquerer Timur on his father side
victory over Ibrahim Lodi. and Genghis Khan on his mother's side. Babur, the eldest son
sandstone hints of new architectural style under Sher Shah. 17. Babur adopted the title of ‘Padshah’ first at –
(a) Ferghana (b) Kabul
12. During which one of the following battles, did Babur (c) Delhi (d) Samarqand
declare ‘Jehad’ ?
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
(a) Battle of Panipat (b) Battle of Khanwa
Ans. (b)
(c) Battle of Chanderi (d) None of the above
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009 Babur captured Samarkand during his reign in 1501 A.D.,
Ans. (b) which lasted only for eight months. After losing Samarkand
and Ferghana, Babur moved towards Kabul. After the victory
Babur declared ‘Jehad’ in the battle of Khanwa. The battle
of Kabul in 1504, he gave up the title ‘Mirza’ held by his
of Khanwa was fought between Babur and Rana Sanga on
ancestors and adopted the title of ‘Padshah.’
16 March, 1527. Babur defeated Rana Sanga in this battle
and assumed the title of ‘Ghazi.’ 18. The empire of Babur included –
1. The area of Kabul
13. In which one of the following battles, Rana Sanga
2. The area of Punjab
fought against Babur?
(a) Battle of Panipat (b) Battle of Khanwa 3. The area of modern Uttar Pradesh
(c) Battle of Chanderi (d) Battle of Ghaghara 4. The area of modern Rajasthan
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010 Which of these statements are correct ?
Ans. (b) (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
See the explanation of above question. Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
14. The ruler of Mewar who was defeated in the Battle of Ans. (c)
Khanwa by Babur in 1527 was – The empire of Babur included Kabul and the area of modern
(a) Rana Pratap (b) Man Singh Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. He used different systems to run
(c) Sawai Uday Singh (d) Rana Sanga
different states. The regime of Badakhshan out of India
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004
was given to Humayun, Mir Fakhr Ali, Hindal and Mirza
Ans. (d)
Suleiman. Mir Yusuf Ali was appointed as governor of
See the explanation of above question. Punjab and given the control of Bheera, Lahore, Dipalpur,
Sialkot, Sirhind and Hisar-Firuza. The governance of
15. Who was defeated in the Battle of Khanwa ?
Kabul, Qandahar and Multan was given to Kamran. Babur
(a) Rana Pratap (b) Hemu
(c) Rana Sanga (d) Alauddin implemented innovative governance in the region of Ballia
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 to Hisar and Bayana, and Gwalior. The region of Bihar was
Ans. (c) spread up to Badakhshan from Bihar. But the region of
in India.
Ans. (c)
20. Which Hindu State has been mentioned by Babur in See the explanation of above question.
his Babur Nama :
(a) Orissa (b) Gujarat 23. Who built the Babri mosque established in Ayodhya?
(c) Mewar (d) Kashmir (a) Babur (b) Humayun
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995 (c) Nizam-ul-Mulk (d) Mir Baqi
Ans. (c) U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
Ans. (d)
Babur mentioned two Hindu State, Vijayanagara and Mewar
in his Babur Nama. He writes “when we were at Kabul, Rana It is believed that Babri mosque in Ayodhya was built by Mir
Sanga had displayed his loyalty to be present on his behalf Baqi. He was the commandant of Babur.
and decided that if the honoured king reaches Delhi from
24. Who among the following rulers circulated the silver
this side, I (Rana Sanga) will invade Agra from this side.”
coin called 'Shahrukh'?
This text written by Babur has an important place among
the autobiographies all over the world. Abdurrahim Khan- (a) Akbar (b) Babur
i-Khana translated Babur Nama in the Persian language. (c) Humayun (d) Shahjahan
The verse compositions written by Babur are composed in U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017
a Turkish text 'Diwan'. He wrote 'Mubaiyan' in a new verse Ans. (b)
style which is a book of Muslim law. The text ‘Risal-i-Usaj Babur issued silver and gold coins during his rule. Silver
(Khat-i-Baburi) written by Babur is considered as the most coins were called as 'Shahrukh'.
innovative style.
21. Given below are two statements, one is labeled Humayun and Sher Shah
Assertion (A) and other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Babur wrote his memoirs in Turki. *Kamran, Askari and Hindal were the sons of Babur as well
Reason (R) : Turki was the official language of the as the brothers of Humayun. Humayun was the eldest son of
Mughal Court. Babur, born in Kabul in 1508 AD. His mother, Maham Begum
In the context the above two statements which one of was related with Shia community. Gulrukh Begum was the
the following is correct? mother of Kamran and Askari whereas Dildar Begam was the
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct mother of Hindal.
explanation of (A). *Humayun invaded Chunar Fort for the first time in 1532.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct Humayun besieged this fort for four months after that Sher
explanation of (A). Khan accepted his supremacy. In addition to this, he invaded
battle of Daurah. Sher Shah defeated Humayun in the Battle 9. Which improvements among these done by Sher
of Kanuaj. The Battle of Samugarh was fought between Dara Shah Suri?
Shukoh and his two younger brothers Aurangzeb and Murad (1) Revenue reforms
Baksh. Battle of Chausa was fought between Sher Shah and (2) Administrative reforms
Humayun. (3) Military reforms
(4) Currencey system reforms
5. From where did Fareed, who later on became Sher Select the right answer by using code given below –
Shah Suri, got his education : (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1,2 and 3
(a) Sasaram (b) Patna (c) 2,3 and 4 (d) all the above
(c) Jaunpur (d) Lahore Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013 Ans. (d)
Ans. (c)
Sher Shah Suri had a significant role in medieval India.
Farid Khan, who later became Sher Shah Suri, got his He is considered the antecedent of Akbar as administrator
education from Jaunpur. He left his home in 1494 and came imperialist.
to Jaunpur for studies which was famous as ‘’Siraj of East’’ (1) Revenue reforms: Sher Shah believed that for the
during that time. stability of the empire, it is essential to satisfy the
peasants and make them happy. He introduced numerous
6. Which one of the following medieval era rulers reforms in land revenue administration. His land revenue
mentioned below was highly educated ? collection was based on Rayatwari and was settled
(a) Balban (b) Alauddin Khalji directly with cultivators. He adopted an improved and
(c) Ibrahim Lodi (d) Sher Shah systematic method of measuring the land and assessing
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010 its revenue.
Ans. (d) (2) Administrative Reforms: Sher Shah managed his
father’s manor as manager and obtained the essential
Sher Shah completed his formal education from Jaunpur knowledge of administration. He had a proper knowledge
which was the center of education during that time. of military composition, administration and financial
system of Mughals. He was the head of the central
7. Which of the following rulers at first assumed the title
government. His administration was completely
of ‘Hazrat-e-Ala’ and afterwards ‘Sultan’? centralised before victory over Bengal. He divided the
(a) Bahlul Lodi (b) Sikandar Lodi whole kingdom into 47 governments. He arranged a
(c) Sher Shah Suri (d) Islam Shah Suri different system for Bengal province. He divided the
44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000 province into 16 governments and appointed a military
Ans. (c) official as Shiqdar
accepted the offer and on his returning from Ajmer, married policies, his mansabdari custom, etc. were successful during the
her in 1562. Thus Raja Bharmal was the first Rajput king who period and became the foundation for his successors. *Akbar
was a great ruler whose empire extended from Bengal to
accepted Akbar’s supremacy of his own accord. Salim (later,
Afghanistan and Kashmir to the Godavari in the South. He was
Jahangir), heir to the throne was born of this wedlock on
a secular emperor and the complete authority of the empire was
August 30, 1569.
vested in him. Therefore, he is considered as “an enlightened
*Akbar patronised Chisti sect expressing his faith in Sufism. He
despot” like Queen Elizabeth of England and Frederick the
frequently visited the Mausoleum of Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti
Great, during whose reign all were equal before the law.
at Ajmer. *He abolished Jizya, the pilgrimage tax and slavery
*Under the organised central administrative system in the reign
in 1564, 1563 and 1562 respectively under his liberal religious
of Akbar, Mir Bakshi was the head of military department
policy. *The abolition of child marriage and Sati took place in
but was not the chief commander of the army. Bakshi was
his reign. *He ordered that a man should marry only one wife
responsible for the recruitment and designation of proper rank
and could marry another only when the first wife became barren.
and assignment of correct pay for soldiers. *He started the
*Akbar killed Adham Khan, the son of Maham Anga in
practice of Dagh (branding of horses) in 1573 AD. *Akbar
1562 as he assassinated Akbar’s Prime Minister, Atgah
organised soldiers by Mansabdari system in 1574-75 AD. The
Khan. *Durgavati was the ruler of the Hindu Kingdom of
'Mansab' means rank or position. 'Mansabdar' means the official
Gondwana. After the attack of Akbar (1564 AD), Durgavati was
who had rank or designation in the royal army. The system was
surrounded by the enemy and then she committed suicide. *Rao based on the decimal system.
Chandrasena of Marwar fought against the Mughal army at *Diwan is the word of Persian vocabulary and was adopted by
Bhadrajun in 1565 AD, but he fled away to Siwana as he was Muslim in the period of Caliph Umar. They used that term for
surrounded from all sides. Rao annexed Sojat in 1579. Akbar the treasury department. Designation of Diwan was adorned
again sieged him, but he fled away on hills and died in 1581 AD. by Muzaffar Khan Turbati, Raja Todarmal and Khwaja Shah
*The main aim of Akbar's fighting the Battle of Haldighati Mansoor from the 9th year of Akbar's reign till the 30th year.
was to subdue Rana Pratap. In April 1576, he deputed Man Diwan was a supreme official of financial affairs and revenue.
Singh to lead a force of 5000 soldiers against Maharana Pratap.
*The Mughal Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar was
Man Singh reached through the route of Mangdalgarh to
taken from Central Asia. This type of military division was
Gogundagarh which was fourteen miles away from Haldighati,
implemented in the Mongolian army in the leadership of
Rana Pratap also descends from the hills to face the Mughal
army. The Battle that took place is famous as the Battle of Genghis Khan. *Mughal Emperor Akbar started the Mansabdari
Haldighati in which Rana was defeated and sought refuge in system in the 11th year (1566-67) of his reign. Mansab recipients
Aravali Hills. Mewar did not accepted the supremacy of Akbar were divided into three classes Mansabdar from 10 to less than
willingly. Rana Pratap of Mewar continued his struggle against 500, Amir from 500 to 2500 and Amir-i-Azam above 2500.
Buland Darwaza of Sikri as victory tower to commemorate Mahzarnama is stated as infallibility decree by Smith and
his win over Gujarat (Khandesh) while Pursey Brown state its Woolsey Hage. Akbar was titled with Sultan-i-Adil or Imam-
construction on the occasion of his south victory (1601 AD). i-Adil after the issue of Mahzar. *Akbar used to participate
Akbar launched “Tauhid-i-Ilahi” or “Din-i-Ilahi” in 1582 AD. in festivals such as Basant, Holi, Diwali etc. According to
Among Hindus, only Birbal accepted Din-i-Ilahi. Lenpool, the unification of Hindu kings was the most common
*Jahangir’s contemporary Mohsin Fani stated first Din-i-Ilahi feature of Akbar’s time. According to Dr. R.P. Tripathi Akbar
as an independent religion in his text “Dabistan-i-Mazahib”. was both a child of his era and a father.
*Akbar had constructed a fort-cum palace 36 km away from 1. In which of the following place Akbar was enthroned
Agra at Fatehpur Sikri in 1568-69. There are several buildings on getting the information of Humayun’s death?
found in this Fort, Jodha Bai Mahal, Panch Mahal, Swarn (a) Kabul (b) Lahore
Mahal or Sunahala Makaan, Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, (c) Sirhind (d) Kalanaur
Mariyam Ki Kothi, Birbal Ki Kothi are some of them. *The (e) None of the above
palace of Turkish Sultan is so beautiful that Percy Brown Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
has called it a “Pearl of Architecture”. *Panch Mahal was Ans. (d)
a pyramid-shaped palace built on the pattern of a Buddhist Akbar was enthroned (coronated) at Kalanaur after getting
monastery. the information of Humayun’s death, who died in a fatal
*The tomb of Akbar is located at Sikandara, a small village
accident by falling from the stairs of Din-e-Pannah library.
founded by Sikandar Lodi. Akbar named this place Bahistabad.
He commenced its construction plan but was completed by his 2. The main aim of Akbar in fighting the Battle of
son Jahangir in 1613 AD. This large tomb has five floors. Its Haldighati was –
especiality is its domeless square apex. *Akbar established (a) To subdue Rana Pratap
translation department under the supervision of his poet laureate (b) To polarise Rajputs
Faizi. Akbar ordered the translation of the Mahabharata into (c) To satisfy sentiments of Man Singh
the Persian language named as Razmnama with a joint effort (d) Imperial policy
of Badauni, Abul Fazl and Faizi, etc. Besides this, Badauni R.A.S. / R.T.S. (Pre) 1992
translated the “Ramayan” Faizi translated “Leelavati”. Ans. (a)
*Muhhamad Hussain of Kashmir was one of the famous writers
The main aim of Akbar in fighting the Battle of Haldighati
in Akbar’s court who was adorned with the honour of “Zari
was to subdue Rana Pratap. In 1576, he deputed Man Singh
Qalam” by King Akbar. *Hari Vijay Suri was the Jain monk
who stayed for a few years in the court of Akbar and was to lead a force of 5000 soldiers against Maharana Pratap.
honoured with the title of Jagadguru. *Another Jain, scholar This battle was fought on 18 June, 1576 in which Rana was
who resided in Mughal court was Jin Chandra Suri bestowed defeated and took refuge in Aravali Hills.
Hakim Khan Sur was the commander of Rana Pratap’s army Ans. (d)
in the Battle of Haldighati. He was a Pathan adventurer,
The shaded portion in the map shows the empire of Akbar
member of Sur dynasty who commanded an army of 5,000
at the time of his death. The place marked “A” is Gondwana
Afghans in the battle of Haldighati on 18 June, 1576.
which was an independent state and “B” shows Lahore which
5. Who was the Commander in Chief of Maharana was a part of Akbar’s empire.
Pratap's Rajput Army in the 'Battle of Haldighati'?
8. The first matrimonial alliance with the Rajputs was
(a) Ibrahim Khan Gardi (b) Hakim Khan Sur established by Akbar with the house of :
(c) Tardi Beg (d) Mohammed Lodi (a) Bundelas (b) Kachhwahas
U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Mains) 2016 (c) Rathores (d) Sisodias
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
Ans. (b)
Ans. (b)
See the explanation on above question.
The first matrimonial alliance with the Rajputs was
6. Who was the Commander in Chief of the Rajput Army, established by Akbar with Kachhwaha Rajput. He went on a
besides Maharana Pratap in the Battle of Haldighati? pilgrimage to the Mausoleum of Shaikh Muinuddin Chishti at
(a) Ibrahim Gardi (b) Hakim Sur Ajmer in January 1562. His route laid through the Rajput state
of Amber. Its ruler Raja Bihari Mal (Bharmal), with a view
(c) Tardi Beg (d) Mahmood Lodi
of safeguarding his position, offered his submission to Akbar
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016
at Sanganer and voluntarily proposed his daughter, Princess
Ans. (b) Harkhabai (Jodha) marriage with the young monarch. Akbar
Hakim Khan Sur was a descendant of Sher Shah Suri accepted the offer and on his return from Ajmer, married in
and was a general in Maharana Pratap's army. He was the 1562. It was the first marriage of Akbar with any Rajput girl.
commander in chief of the Rajput Army; besides Maharana Thus, Raja Bharmal was the first Rajput king who accepted
Pratap's, during the Battle of Haldighati in 1576 AD. He was Akbar’s supremacy of his accord. Salim (later Jahangir), heir
commanding an army of Afghans during the battle. to the throne was born of this wedlock on August 30, 1569.
7. In the given map, the shaded part represents 9. Which amongst the following families was the first to
have a matrimonial alliance with Akbar?
Akbar’s empire at a certain juncture, ‘A’ stands for
(a) Rathore (b) Sisodiya
an independent state and ‘B’ marks the site of city. (c) Kachhwaha (d) Chauhan
Which one of the following alternative gives all correct U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016
information? Ans. (c)
not hope to establish and consolidate the Mughal rule in (c) Akbar (d) Aurangzeb
India. Religion had played the role of a divisive force in
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
Indian society ever since the advent of Islam which most of
Ans. (c)
its people had refused to embrace. Akbar fully understood
the centrifugal tendencies of the complex Indian socio- Akbar was a great ruler whose empire extended from Bengal
political order and made a serious attempt to eliminate these to Afghanistan in the north and Kashmir to the Godavari
by separating religion from politics. To win the goodwill of in the south. He was a secular emperor, and the complete
Hindus, he abolished the pilgrimage tax and Jizya. Freedom authority of the empire was vested in him. Therefore, he is
of worship, matrimonial alliances with Hindus, high civil and considered as ‘’an enlightened despot’’ like Queen Elizabeth
military positions to Hindus, translation of Hindu scriptures, of England and Frederick the Great, during whose reign all
establishment of Ibadatkhana, issue of infallibility decree, subjects were equal before the law.
freedom to construct temples, land grants, considerations 21. Who among the following had ordered that a man
of Hindu sentiments, reforms in Hindu society were some should marry only one wife and could marry another
measures adopted by Akbar to establish religious harmony only when the first wife was barren ?
but he had not forsaken Islam. (a) Alauddin Khalji (b) Sher Shah
18. Causes of Akbar’s popularity were - (c) Akbar (d) None of the above
A. Mansabdari system B. Religious policy U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
C. Land Revenue System D. Social reforms Ans. (c)
Select the correct answer by using codes given below :
Akbar banned some social customs and personal opinions,
(a) A and B (b) B only
but he did that to (or “intended to”) improve the society.
(c) C only (d) A,B,C,D
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 For example, he ordered that a man could marry only one
Ans. (d) women and could marry another only when the first wife
proved barren. He also tried to promote the social reforms
The establishment of Mughal administration is credited to
by encouraging widow remarriage and by discouraging “Sati’
Akbar. His central administrative policies and interpretation
practice forcefully.
of designation of King, his duties and authorities, his
provincial administration, his revenue system, his monetary 22. Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
policies, his mansabdari system, etc. are the measures of 1. Akbar tried to fix the age of marriage for boys and
his success. Akbar was the first Muslim ruler who practised girls.
religious harmony between subjects and treated Hindus and 2. Akbar gave freedom to girls to marry at their own
Muslims alike. He abolished Jizya, the pilgrimage tax and will and not under parental pressure.
24. The head of the military department under the 27. The Mansabdari System introduced by Akbar was
recognised central machinery of administration during borrowed from the system followed in –
Akbar’s reign was : (a) Afghanistan (b) Turkey
(c) Mongolia (d) Persia
(a) Diwan (b) Mir Bakshi
I.A.S. (Pre) 1994
(c) Mir Saman (d) Bakshi
Ans. (c)
I.A.S. (Pre) 1997
Ans. (b) The Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar was borrowed
from Mongolia. This type of military division was
Under the reconstructed central administrative system in
implemented in the Mongolian army in the leadership of
the reign of Akbar, Mir Bakshi was the head of the military
Genghis Khan. However, the Mansabdari System was widely
department but was not the chief commander of the army.
new. Nevertheless, originally, it was based on the Mongolian
Bakshi was responsible for the recruitment and designation
of proper rank and fixing of pay for soldiers. He was military division.
responsible for the inspection of mansabdars and troops and 28. Assertion (A) : During the time of Akbar, for every
submission of these details to the emperor. Later, in 1575, ten cavalrymen, the mansabdars had
Akbar organized his soldier by Mansabdari System. Mansab to maintain twenty horses.
means rank or status. Reason (R) : Horses had to be rested while on march
and replacements were necessary in
25. Military system in the reign of Akbar was based on :
times of war.
(a) Mansabdari (b) Zamindari (a) Both (A) and (R) is true, and (R) is the correct
(c) Feudalistic (d) Ain-i-Dahsala explanation of (A).
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992 (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct
Ans. (a) explanation of (A).
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2010 Akbar ordered the construction of Ibadat Khana in 1575
Ans. (c) for holding a philosophical and theological discussion
See the explanation on above question. with Ulemas, Sayyids, Shaikhs. But he opened the doors
of Ibadat Khana for all schools of religion in 1578. These
37. Akbar launched “Din-i-Ilahi” in the year_____ religious discussions in Ibadat Khana led to the declaration
(a) 1570 (b) 1578
of Mahzarnama in 1579. Mahzarnama put an end to the
(c) 1581 (d) 1582
predominance of the bigoted orthodox and allowed the free
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
development of the generous spirit which Akbar wished
Ans. (d)
to encourage. This document was signed by Ulemas.
Akbar launched "Tauhid-i-Ilahi" or "Din-i-Ilahi" in 1582. Din- Mahzarnama is stated as infallibility decree by Smith and
i-Ilahi was a syncretic religion which intended to merge the Woolsey Hage. Akbar was honoured with the title of Sultan-
best elements of all the religions of the community. Indeed, i-Adil or Imam-i-Adil after the issue of Mahazar. Smith said
the prophet of this new sect was Abul Fazl. Among Hindus, that "Din-i-Ilahi is monument of Akbar's foolishness, not of
only Birbal accepted Din-i-Ilahi. Raja Bhagawan Das and Man his wisdom".
Singh bluntly refused to embrace Din-i-Ilahi. 42. Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri was –
38. Which ruler had promoted ‘’Din-i-Ilahi ? (a) The mosque for the use of Royal Family
(b) Akbar’s private prayer chamber
(a) Babur (b) Akbar
(c) The hall in which Akbar held discussions with scholars
(c) Aurangzeb (d) Shah Jahan
of various religions
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998 (d) The room in which the nobles belonging to different
Ans. (b) religions gathered to discuss religious affairs
See the explanation on above question. I.A.S. (Pre) 2014
Ans. (c)
39. Who promulgated Din-e-elahi ?
(a) Babar See the explanation of above question.
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir 43. Which monument is not at Fatehpur Sikri ?
(a) Golden Palace (b) Panch Mahal
(d) Shah Jahan (c) Jodha Bai Palace (d) Akbari Mahal
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020 Ans. (d)
Ans (b) Akbar had constructed mansion/fort, 36 km away from Agra
See the explanation of above question. at Fatehpur Sikri. It took eight years to build this fort. Several
Hindu text?
Humayun - Delhi (a) Ramayana (b) Mahabashya
Akbar - Sikandara (c) Mahabharata (d) Ashtadhyayi
Jahangir - Lahore U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016
Ans. (c)
59. The translation of the Mahabharat into Persian in the
time of Akbar was carried out under the supervision of : See the explanation of above question.
(a) Utbi (b) Naziri
64. Who translated the Ramayan into the Persian
(c) Abul Fazl (d) Faizi
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999 language in accordance with the wishes of Akbar ?
Ans. (d) (a) Abul Fazl
(b) Abul Qadir Badauni
Akbar established Translation Department under the (c) Faizi
supervision of his poet laureate Faizi. The translation of the (d) Abdr Rahim Khan-i-Khanan
Mahabharat into Persian at the time of Akbar was carried out U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
under the direction of Faizi by the concerted effort of Naqib Ans. (b)
Khan, Badauni, Abul Fazl, etc.
See the explanation of above question.
60. Who among the following translated the Mahabharata
65. Who among the following translated Ramayana into
into Persian?
(a) Abdul Qadir Badauni (b) Abul Fazl the Persian language?
(c) Nizamuddin Ahmad (d) Shaikh Mubarak (a) Mulla Sheri (b) Abul Fazl
U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 (c) Faizi (d) Abdul Qadir Badauni
Ans. (a) U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
Ans. (d)
The Mahabharata was translated into the Persian language
on the orders of Akbar, by Faizi and Abdul Qadir-Badayuni See the explanation of above question.
which was named as Razmnama (book of Wars).
66. Who wrote Tabaqat-i-Akbari?
61. The Persian translation of the Mahabharat is titled as– (a) Abul Fazal (b) Abdul Qadir Badauni
(a) Anwar-i-Suhaili (b) Razmnama (c) Akbar Khan Sarwani (d) Nizamuddin Ahmed
(c) Hasht Bahisht (d) Ayar Danish
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001
Ans (d)
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003 Tabakat-i-Akbari, also called as Tarikh-i-Nizami, was written
Ans. (b) by Khwaja Nizam-ud-Din Ahmed.
Ans. (b)
Hari Vijay Suri was the Jain monk who stayed for a few 73. Who was the ruler of India when the English East India
years in the court of Akbar and was honoured with the title of Company was formed?
Jagadguru. Emperor Akbar invited Hari Vijay Suri to explain (a) Aurangzeb (b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir (d) Humayun
the principles of Jainism. Akbar was so much influenced by
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
the ideology of non-violence preached by Jain sage that he
63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
became vegetarian and prohibited slaughter of animals and
Ans (b)
birds. Another Jain scholar who resided in Mughal court was
English East India Company was formed in the year 1600.
Jin Chandra Suri bestowed with the title of "Yug Pradhan"
by Akbar. Elizabeth was the Empress of England and Akbar was
emperor of India at that time.
69. Famous Jain Scholar who was respected by Akbar?
(a) Chandraprabhu Suri (b) Hari Vijay Suri 74. Indian ruler, contemporary of Queen Elizabeth-I of
(c) Pushpadant (d) Yashobhadra England, was
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012 (a) Akbar (b) Shah Jahan
Ans. (b) (c) Aurangzeb (d) Bahadur Shah
See the explanation of above question. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
Ans. (a)
70. The famous painter of Mughal Emperor Akbar was –
(a) Abul Hasan (b) Daswant The Indian ruler, contemporary of Queen Elizabeth-I of
(c) Kisan Das (d) Ustad Mansoor England, was Akbar. It is notable that on the occasion of the
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992 establishment of East India Company in 1600, Elizabeth
Ans. (b) was the empress of England. India had the reign of Akbar
Abul Fazl had listed 15 outstanding painters in his text during that period (1556-1605). The tenure of Elizabeth-I
Ain-i-Akbari. Daswant, Basawan, Keshav Lal, Mukund, was 1558 to 1603.
Miskin, Madhu, Jagan, Mahesh, Khemkaran, Tara, Sanwal, 75. The medieval Indian writer who refers to the discovery
Harivansh. Daswant , the son of a potter, impressed Akbar by of America is :
his skills so much that he helped him become the first artist (a) Malik Muhammad Jaisi (b) Amir Khusrau
of his time. Unfortunately, when he was at the height of his (c) Raskhan (d) Abul Fazl
glory, he became insane and committed suicide. I.A.S. (Pre) 1997
Ans. (d)
71. European paintings were introduced in the court of -:
(a) Humayun Abul Fazl is a was writer of medieval period who refers to
(b) Akbar the discovery of America.
Ans. (a) Amber and the sister of king Man Singh, Man Bai in 1585
AD. Khusrau was the son of Manbai. The second marriage
Ralph Fitch (1583-86) was the first English merchant who
of Salim was with Jagat Gosai, the daughter of Uday Singh
visited Agra and Fatehpur Sikri. He observed various places in 1586 AD. Shahzada Khurram was the son of Jagat Gosai.
of India by travelling and presented precious narrative about Jahangir was coronated in the fort of Agra in 1605 AD and
Indian trade points and township centres of the 16 century.
th
adopted the title of Nuruddin Muhammad Jahangir Badshah
Ghazi. Continuing the tradition of Akbar, Jahangir started
77. Arrange the following events of Akbar’s regime in their
his rule generously and when he sat on the throne, he gave
chronological order :
various populist orders.
1. Abolition of Jizya *“Do-aspa and Sih-aspa” system was introduced by Jahangir.
2. Construction of Ibadat Khana
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9. Sir Thomas Roe, an Ambassador of James I of 13. Who among the following foreign travellers visited
England came to India in year : India during the reign of Jahangir?
(a) 1616 (b) 1615 (a) Father Anthony Monserate
(c) 1516 (d) 1614 (b) Francisco Pelsaert
Thus, both options (b) and (d) are correct. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
Ans. (d)
15. Where was Emperor Jahangir buried ?
(a) Agra (b) Delhi See the explanation of above question.
(c) Lahore (d) Srinagar
Uttarakhand Lower (Sub.) (Pre) 2010 20. The greatest painter of birds at Jahangir’s Court was:
Ans. (c) (a) Khwaja Abdus Samad (b) Sayyid Ali Tabrizi
(c) Basawan (d) Mansoor
See the explanation of above question. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998
Ans. (d)
16. Among the following whose tomb is situated outside
India? See the explanation on above question.
(a) Humayun (b) Aurangzeb
(c) Jahandar Shah (d) Jahangir 21. Which of the following Mughal Emperor wrote his
U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 autobiography in Persian ?
Ans. (d) (a) Babur (b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir (d) Aurangzeb
Jahangir was buried in a tomb garden at Shahdara, outside U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001
India. Jahangir died in 1627 and was buried in Shahdara, U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
Lahore. His son, Shah Jahan, ordered a mausoleum to be Ans. (c)
built as a permanent memorial.
Jahangir was an outstanding author as well as a critic. He
17. Mughal painting reached its zenith under : wrote his autobiography in Persian language and named it
(a) Humayun (b) Akbar Tujuk-i-Jahangiri. Jahangir had recorded his merits as well
(c) Jahangir (d) Shah Jahan as demerits in his autobiography. This memoir has been
I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
divided into three parts. The first part is the preface which
Ans. (c)
was written by Muhammad Hadi after the death of Jahangir
The Mughal painting reached its zenith under the reign of in which the early life of Jahangir is mentioned. The second
Jahangir. Earlier, the paintings were concerned with the part was an original piece of text which was narrated by
contents of manuscripts, but Jahangir freed it from this Jahangir. The third part of the text was written by Muhammad
bondage. Farrukh Beg, Daulat, Mansoor, Abul Hasan, etc. Hadi. Babur wrote his autobiography ‘Tujuk-i-Baburi’’ in the
were such painter who had inscribed their name in a golden Turkish language.
word in the history of Mughal painting with their talent.
22. The killer of Abul Fazl was rewarded by :
Ustad Mansoor and Abul Hassan was an excellent painter of
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
Jahangir’s reign. Emperor Jahangir bestowed both Nadir-ul- (c) Man Singh (d) None of these
was also rewarded. Jahangir started his reign with liberalism Ans. (c)
forwarding the customs and traditions of his father Akbar Tomb of Itmad-ul-Daula was built by Noorjahan at Agra
and issued the orders which demonstrated concern for the between 1622-1628 after the death of his father. This elegant
welfare of the people. monument is located on the left bank of river Yamuna. The
23. Of the following who had rebelled against the Mughal main mausoleum is built with white marble. Itmad-ud-Daula
Emperor Jahangir ? has a special place in the chronicles of both history as well
(1) Asif Khan (2) Khurram as architecture. The monument is priceless because this is
(3) Mahabat Khan (4) Khusrau the first tomb in India that is entirely made up of marble. In
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Code : spite of marble and inlay work, it was for the first time when
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only a new style of ornamentation, Pietradura, was used.
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 2,3 and 4 only
27. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (d) by using the codes given below the list :
List-I List-II
Jahangir’s eldest son Khusrau revolted against Jahangir (Builder) (Monument)
just after the coronation and was suppressed in 1606. The
A. Babur 1. Jama Masjid (Sambhal)
revolt of Shahzada Khurram was dismissed by the Mughal
B. Humayun 2. Din Panah
army under Mahabat Khan in 1623. In 1626, Mahabat Khan
C. Akbar 3. Jahangiri Mahal
revolted against Jahangir.
D. Jahangir 4. Akbar’s Mausoleum’s
24. Khusrau was the son of which Mughal emperor ? completion
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir Code :
(c) Shah Jahan (d) Bahadur Shah I A B C D
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 (a) 1 2 3 4
Ans. (b)
(b) 1 2 4 3
Khusrau was the eldest son of Jahangir. His mother was (c) 2 1 4 3
Man Bai. (d) 4 3 2 1
25. Who of the following was not a member of Noorjahan’s U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011
Junta? Ans. (a)
(a) Jahangir (b) Ghiyas Beg
Jama Masjid (Sambhal) - Babur
(c) Asaf Khan (d) Khurram
Din Panah (Delhi) - Humayun
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
Completion of Akbar’s - Jahangir
Ans. (a)
Mausoleum
Nur Jahan was a cultured, educated, intelligent dominating Jahangiri Mahal - Akbar
lady and ambitious wife of Mughal emperor Jahangir. Nur
28. Govind Palace, an excellent specimen of Hindu
Jahan’s Junta consisted a group of five- herself, her mother
architecture is located at –
Asmat Begum, her father Mirza Ghiyas Beg Itmad-ud-Daula,
(a) Datia (b) Khajuraho
her brother Asaf Khan and Prince Khurram (Son-in-law of (c) Orchha (d) Gwalior
her brother Asaf Khan). Prince Khurram (known as Shah U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
Jahan) had been allied with Noor Jahan through most of his Ans. (a)
The tomb of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya is in Delhi not in scholars were Ameeni Kazwini and Jalaluddin Tabatbai. Iranian
Ajmer. He died in 1325 and was buried at Ghiyaspur (Delhi). poetry style was quite dominating during that time. Shah Jahan
Hence, option (d) is not the correct answer. Amir Khusrau appointed the Persian Poetry style poet Kaleem as ‘Rajakavi’.
and Hasan Muhammad Dehlavi were eminent disciples of In addition to Kaleem, Persian poets Saideai Gilani Qudasi, Mir
Auliya. Other pairs are correctly matched. Muhammad Kashi, Salim Masih, Rafi, Farukh, Munir, Shoda.
Chandrabas Brahmin, Hajiq, Dileri, etc. were among others.
Shah Jahan *Kavindracharya was a dependent poet of Shah Jahan and had
*Shahzada Khurram was born on 5th January 1592 in Lahore. the perfect combination of Awadhi and Braj in his language.
His mother was Jagat Gosai, the daughter of the ruler of *'Kavindra Kalplata' was written in praise of Shah Jahan. He
Marwar, Uday Singh. Shahzada Khurram married to Arjumand requested the emperor for the abolition of pilgrimage tax and got
Banu Begum, the daughter of Asif Khan in 1612 AD. She was it abolished. *Upanishads were translated into Persian language
famous in history as Mumtaz Mahal. during the reign of Shah Jahan by his son Dara Shukoh titled as
*Shah Jahan adopting the title of ‘Abul Muzaffer Shahabuddin Sirr-i-Akbar. 52 Upanishad were translated in this book. Lane
Muhammad Sahib Kiran-e-Sani’ sat on the throne. His pool named Dara Shukoh as “Little Akbar”. Shah Jahan gave
coronation took place in Agra. He shifted the capital from Agra him the title of “Shah Buland Iqbal”. Majma-ul-Bahrain is
to Delhi. *Ahmednagar was included in the Mughal Empire a masterpiece of Dara Shukoh.
in 1633 AD. Hussain Shah, the last ruler of Ahmednagar was *Shah Jahan collected designers, engineers, architects, from
imprisoned in the fort of Gwalior. Nizam Shahi Sardar Shahaji India, Persia and Central Asia for the construction of Taj Mahal
Bhonsle continued the struggle with the Mughals in the name which is the best example of a balanced combination of Indian-
of one child (Murtaza III). Finally, in 1636 AD, Shahaji got Persian and Central Asian architecture.
surrounded by the Mughals in the Chunar Fort. Shahaji handed
*Jama Masjid of Delhi was built by Shah Jahan. Buildings
over several forts and Martaza III to the Mughals. Murtaza III
built by Shahjahan are Deewan-e-Aam, Deewan-e-Khas,
was imprisoned in the fort of Gwalior and Shahaji accepted the
Sheesh Mahal, Moti Masjid, Khas Mahal, Musanunan Burj,
service of Bijapur State.
Nagina Masjid, Jama Masjid, Taj Mahal and Red Fort.
*Aurangzeb was the governor of Deccan during 1636 - 44
*Shah Jahan, as Akbar’s Fatehpur Sikri’, established a city
AD in the reign of Shah Jahan and he was reappointed at this
named Shahjahanabad in his name in Delhi in 1648 AD and
designation in the year 1652. He remained at this designation till
tried to equip it by building many beautiful and magnificent
the victory in the war of succession and becoming the Mughal
emperor. *Qandahar was the cause of dispute between Shah buildings. Among the buildings of Shahjahanabad, Red Fort
of Iran and the Mughal rulers because it became a prestigious is the main building. It was constructed in 1648 AD. The name
issue for Persians and Mughals. The loss of Qandahar was of the Western entrance of this fort is Lahauri Darwaza and
strategically a big blow to the Mughal Empire. The loss of the southern gate is Delhi Darwaza. It is unique in beauty and
Qandahar exposed the Mughal Kingdom to outside attacks. splendour.
16. Who among the following was given the title of ‘Shah also accepted this fact. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
Buland Iqbal’ by Shah Jahan? 21. The famous diamond ‘Kohinoor’ was presented to
(a) Dara Shukoh (b) Shuja
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Shah Jahan by –
(c) Aurangzeb (d) Murad
(a) Aurangzeb (b) Murad
U.P.R.O./A.R.O (Pre) 2014
(c) Mir Jumla (d) Abul Hasan Qutb Shah
Ans. (a)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (c)
17. The Upanishads were translated into Persian by Dara The Kohinoor Diamond, one of the famous diamonds in the
Shikoh under the title: world, was discovered in the mines of Golconda. Mir Jumla
(a) Al-Fihrist (b) Kitab-ul-Bayan
(c) Majma-ul-Bahrain (d) Sirr-i-Akbar was a minister of Sultan of Golconda, Abdullah Qutub Shah
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004 (1626-1672) who got angry over Mir Jumla for accepting
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000 the Mansab of King Shah Jahan and seized all his property.
Ans. (d)
Later, Shah Jahan sent Aurangzeb to attack Golconda, and
See the explanation of above question. the matter was resolved, and the treaty was signed between
18. Who was the author of Sirr-i-Akbar? them. Later, Mir Jumla was called back to Agra and given
(a) Abul Fazl the title of “Muazzam Khan.” Mir Jumla, the Persian noble
(b) Dara Shukoh and a reputed diamond dealer, visited the court of Shah Jahan
(c) Mullah Shah Badakhshi
(d) Shah Waliullah and presented the Kohinoor diamond to the Mughal emperor.
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002 22. Which Mughal Emperor abolished the Persian Court
Ans. (b) Custom of ‘Sijda’ which was begun by Balban?
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
See the explanation of above question.
(c) Shah Jahan (d) Aurangzeb
19. The First Muslim to study Hindu scriptures was : U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
(a) Amir Khusrau (b) Dara Shukoh U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010
(c) Amir Hasan (d) Shuja Ans. (c)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003
Shah Jahan was the Mughal emperor who abolished the
Ans. (b) Persian (1636-37) court custom of Sijda which was begun
by Balban.
In the given options, the first Muslim to study Hindu
23. Who among the following was the governor of Deccan
scriptures was Dara Shukoh. The eldest son of Shah Jahan,
for the major part of Shah Jahan’s Reign ?
Dara Shukoh was a highly educated scholar and author. He (a) Dara Shukoh (b) Murad Baksh
(c) Shah Shuja (d) Aurangzeb
studied many Hindu scriptures and translated Yogvashita,
U.P.Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009
Bhagwat Gita, etc. in the Persian language. Ans. (d)
Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir Padshah 'Ghazi', he sat on the *The Hindus were categorised in three classes for the purpose
throne as the Mughal emperor. of paying tax:
*There was a battle between Aurangzeb and Dara Shukoh on (i) These with income less than 200 Dirham per annum, had to
April 15, 1658, in Dharamat, near Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh. pay 12 Dirham per annum as tax.
Dara Shukoh was supported by Raja Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur (ii) These with income less than 10,000 Dirham per annum,
and Aurangzeb was supported by Prince Murad. *The Battle of had to pay 24 Dirham per annum as tax.
Samugarh took place on May 29, 1658 between Aurangzeb's (iii) These with income more than 10,000 Dirham per annum
and Murad‘s joint forces against Dara Shikoh in which Dara had to pay 48 Dirham per annum as tax.
Shikoh was defeated. *Women slaves, children under 14 years, beggars and
*Shahzada Suleyman Shukoh, son of Dara Shukoh, who was unemployed persons were exempted from it. The subordinate
defeated by Aurangzeb in the war of succession and sought Hindu kings and Brahmins were compelled to pay this tax.
refuge from the ruler of Srinagar Garhwal Prithvi Singh. But *Aurangzeb was a Sunni Muslim. *His religious policy was
his successor Medini Singh handed him over to Aurangzeb. not influenced by any idea of worldly profit. *Aurangzeb tried
*Suleyman Shukoh was imprisoned in Gwalior’s Fort and to enforce the Quranic law, according to which, Muslims needed
there he was killed by excessive dose of opium. to carry on Jihad (Holy wars) against non-Muslim lands (Dar-
*In the beginning on 1665 AD, Aurangzeb sent a large army ul-Harab) till they were converted to Islam (Dar-ul—lslam).
under the leadership of Raja Jai Singh to suppress Shivaji. Jai
He stopped putting tilak with his hands on the forehead of the
Singh was the Kachhwaha ruler who was expert in both the arts Hindu kings as was started by Akbar. Prostitutes were to marry
of peace and war. He was a clever diplomat and he understood or leave the country. There was a ban on celebrating Basant,
that it was necessary to have a friendship with Shivaji to win Holi, Diwali, etc, in the court.
Bijapur. Hence, despite the victory of the Mughals on the fort *Aurangzeb built the mausoleum for his beloved wife Rabia-
of Purandar and the siege of Raigarh, he made a treaty with Ud-Daurani in Aurangabad in 1651-61 AD. It is also known
Shivaji. The Treaty of Purandar took place in June 1665 AD. as ‘Bibi Ka Maqbara’. lts architectural style was based on
*Muhammad Akbar, the rebellious son, revolted against his the well-known ‘TajMahal’. So, it is also called 'Second Taj
father in 1681 AD, weakening Aurangzeb’s position against Mahal'. Moti Masjid inside Red Fort in Delhi was built by
Rajputs. Akbar was disappointed with the war against the Aurangzeb.
Rajputs. He did not believe in the success of his father’s fanatic *Mehrunissa was the daughter of Aurangzeb while Jahan
policy and he was generous with ideas. On the same occasion, Ara, Roshan Ara and Gauhar Ara were the daughters of
King Raj Singh of Mewar and Durgadas, the Rathore leader of Shah Jahan. The other daughters of Aurangzeb were Jebunissa,
Marwar proposed to him that if he declared himself the king of Jinatunnisa, Badrunnisa and Jubadtunnisa. Aurangzeb
India the forces of both Mewar and Marwar would help him. bestowed the title of ‘Sahibat-uz-Zamani’ to Jahan Ara.
The contemporaries of Aurangzeb considered him as a ‘Shahi *Samarth Ramdas was the great Saint of Maharashtra. He was
Dervesh’ and Muslims considered him as a ‘Zinda Peer’. born in 1608 AD and died in 1681 AD. He was the contemporary
In 1652 AD when Aurangzeb was appointed the Subedar to the Mughal king Aurangzeb.
subject of power. Dara was the eldest and Aurangzeb was (c) Dara Shukoh (d) Sulaiman Shukoh
the third son of Shah Jahan. So, Assertion (A) is correct, but Uttarakhand P.C.S.(Pre) 2004
Reason (R) is not correct. Ans. (d)
2. Who of the following Mughal emperor was coronated Prince Sulaiman Shukoh, the son of Dara Shukoh, after being
twice? defeated by Aurangzeb in the war for succession, took shelter
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir in Srinagar which was the kingdom of Prithvi Singh. But
(c) Shah Jahan (d) Aurangzeb his successor Medini Singh handed him over to Aurangzeb.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009 He was imprisoned in Gwalior Fort and killed by giving an
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 excessive dose of opium.
Ans. (d)
7. Which son of Aurangzeb revolted against his father,
The coronation of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb occurred
weakening his father’s position against the Rajputs?
twice. His first coronation was held on 31 July, 1658 in
(a) Azam (b) Akbar
Delhi and second was held on 15 June, 1659 on the success
(c) Muazzam (d) Kam Baksh
of Devrai battle.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
3. The battle of Dharmat was fought between : Ans. (b)
(a) Muhammad Ghori and Jai Chand
Muhammad Akbar, the rebellious son, revolted against his
(b) Babur and Afghans
father Aurangzeb in 1681, weakening Aurangzeb’s position
(c) Aurangzeb and Dara Shukoh
(d) Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Marathas against Rajputs.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2003 8. With which Mughal General did Shivaji sign the Treaty
Ans. (c) of Purandar is 1665 ?
Battle of Dharmat (Madhya Pradesh) was fought between (a) Diler Khan (b) Jai Singh
Aurangzeb and Dara Shukoh for their father Shah Jahan’s (c) Jaswant Singh (d) Shaista Khan
throne. Dara Shukoh was supported by Raja Jaswant Singh, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
and Aurangzeb was supported by Prince Murad. On 15th April, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A (Spl) (Pre) 2010
1658 Aurangzeb became victorious. U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A (Spl) (Mains) 2010
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
4. Aurangzeb defeated Jaswant Singh, the King of U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
Jodhpur in the battle of Dharmat in 1658. Dharmat Ans. (b)
situated in which state?
(a) Rajasthan (b) Madhya Pradesh Aurangazeb sent Raja Jai Singh of Amber to fight against
(c) Gujarat (d) Uttar Pradesh Shivaji. He made elaborated preparations and succedded in
(c) Jahangir (d) Humayun 21. Which one of the following tombs is called the ‘Second
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002 Taj Mahal’:
Ans. (b)
(a) Tomb of Anarkali
Akbar had abolished Jizya during his reign but Aurangzeb (b) Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula
re-imposed it on non-Muslims in 1679. The Hindus were (c) Tomb of Rabia-ud-Daurani
categorised in three classes for the purpose of paying tax: (d) None of these
(i) These with income less than 200 Dirham per annum, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
had to pay 12 Dirham per annum as tax. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
(ii ) These with income less than 10,000 Dirham per annum, Ans. (c)
had to pay 24 Dirham per annum as tax.
(iii) These with income more than 10,000 Dirham per See the explanation of above question.
annum, had to pay 48 Dirham per annum as tax. 22. Who among the following was the daughter of Emperor
Women, slaves, children under 14 years, beggars and Aurangzeb ?
unemployed persons were exempted from it. The subordinate
(a) Jahan Ara (b) Roshan Ara
Hindu kings and Brahmins were compelled to pay this tax.
(c) Gauhar Ara (d) Mehrunnisa
About reviving Jizya, Europian traveller wrote that his motive
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
was to increase his treasure but it seems to be partially true.
Ans. (d)
18. The meaning of ‘Jihad’ carried on by Aurangzeb is –
Mehrunnisa was the daughter of Aurangzeb while Jahan
(a) Darul-Harb (b) Dar-ul-Islam
(c) Holy War (d) Jizya Ara, Roshan Ara, and Gauhar Ara were the daughters of
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999 Shah Jahan.
Ans. (b)
23. To whom Aurangzeb bestowed upon the title of
Aurangzeb was a Sunni Muslim. Aurangzeb tried to enforce ‘Sahibat-uz-Zamani’ ?
the Quranic law, according to which it enjoins upon every (a) Shaista Khan (b) Amin Khan
pious muslim to carry on Jihad (holy wars) against non- (c) Jahan Ara (d) Roshan Ara
Muslim lands (Dar-ul-Harb) till they are converted into Islam
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
(Dar-ul-Islam).
Ans. (c)
19. Who among the following was called as a 'Zindapir'?
Aurangzeb bestowed the title of ‘’Sahibat-uz-Zamani’’ to Jahan
(a) Bahadur Shah I (b) Shah Alam II
(c) Aurangzeb (d) Adil Shah Ara. Jahan Ara was the eldest daughter of Emperor Shah Jahan
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017 and Mumtaz Mahal. She was also the elder sister of her father’s
Ans. (c) successor and sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
*Jahangir marked his figure on his coins and named Nur Jahan,
Ans. (d) along with his name on some coins. Some of the coins were
Moti Masjid inside the Red Fort at Delhi was built by Aurangzeb. marked with his image holding cup of alcohol in hand.
*The meaning of word ‘Bantai’ during the medieval period
Mughal Administration was a system of calculating revenue in which real produce was
distributed between state and peasants.
*During the Mughal administration, the district was known as
the ‘Sarkar’. Each Suba (province) was divided into several 1. What was ‘district’ known as during the Mughal
*Sarkars (districts) for the convenience of governance. Sarkar administration?
was further divided into ‘Pargana’ or ‘Mahal’. The leading (a) Ahar (b) Vishyas
officers of each Sarkar were - Faujdar, Amalgujar, Qazi, (c) Suba (d) Sarkar
Kotwal, Bitikchi and Khajandar. Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
*Mir Bakhshi was the head of the military department
Ans. (d)
during the reign of Mughals. He also fixed the monthly salary
of soldiers by signing a certificate called ‘Sarkhat’. Apart from Akbar divided the empire into units for the convenience
this, there were Bakhshi's in the provinces who worked under of administration. There were 12 provinces or Subas
the control of Mir Bakhshi. *In the Mughal regime, Mir Bakshi (subsequently raised to 18 and finally to 20 during
supervised the land revenue officials and was also responsible
Aurangzeb’s time). These were further divided into Sarkars
for the salary of the military department. *Sir Jadunath Sarkar
(districts) and Parganas (sub-districts). Several villages
stated Mir Bakshi as Vetanadhikari (Pay Master). The work
as Pay Master was not regular and permanent for Mir Bakshi. constituted a Paragana. Every Sarkar had a chief officer like-
The duty of the Pay Master was of Diwaan-i-Tan. During Faujdar, Amalguzar, Qazi, Kotwal, Bitiqhi and Khajandar.
the Mughal period, in addition to the soldiers of Mansabdars, 2. What was the district called during the Mughal
there were others two different types of cavalry who were period?
called ‘Ahadi’ and 'Dakhili'. *'Ahadi' were recruited by the (a) Iqta (b) Sarkar
(c) Tarf (d) Suba
king and was used as his bodyguards. *‘Dakhili’ soldiers were
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009
also recruited by the emperor although they were kept in the
Ans. (b)
service of Mansabdars. *The prostitutes were expelled from
the city and settled at some other place named ‘Shaitanpuri’. See the explanation of above question.
*Akbar implemented the dual system of ‘Zat‘ and ‘Sawar’ in 3. With reference to medieval India, which one of the
the 40th year. *The word 'Maal' in the Mughal administrative following is the correct sequence in ascending order
terminology, was related to land revenue. *Tobacco was brought in terms of size?
(a) Paragana–Sarkar–Suba
to India by the Portuguese in 1605 AD. After that tobacco became
(b) Sarkar–Paragana–Suba
the court. Mir Bakshi was in charge of intelligence gathering (d) Officer of Correspondence Department
and also made recommendations to the emperor for military 47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
appointments and promotions. Ans. (c)
5. In Mughal era Duty of Mir Bakshi was : Muhtasib, the censor of public morals acted as police cum
(a) Charged Tax from farmers Judge in the observance of the canon law by the Muslims.
(b) Maintaining accounts of income and Expenses
(c) Justice 9. In medieval India, why was the mansabdari system
(d) Supervisions of land revenue officials introduced?
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004 (a) For revenue collection
Ans. (d) (b) Facilitating recruitment to the army
(c) To establish religious harmony
During the Mughal period, the duty of Mir Bakshi was to (d) Ensuring clean administration
supervise the land revenue officials in addition to the salary (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
of the military department. Sir Jadunath Sarkar called Mir
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
Bakshi as Pay Master.
Ans. (d)
6. Who among the following was appointed as a physician
See the explanation of above question.
in the Mughal service ?
(a) Bernier (b) Coreri 10. In medieval India, Mansabdari system was introduced
(c) Manucci (d) Tavernier mainly for :
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 (a) Making recruitment to the army
Ans. (c) (b) Facilitating revenue collection
Niccolo Manucci (1653-1708 A.D.) was appointed as a doctor (c) Ensuring religious harmony
(d) Effecting clean administration
in the Mughal army. He was an Italian traveller. He joined the
I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
army of Dara Shikoh as an artilleryman. He opted profession
Ans. (d)
of medico after the death of Dara Shikoh in 1659.
Akbar introduced a well-organised system in the military
7. Consider the following statements :
and civil service of the empire which came to be known as
Ahadis were those troopers who : Mansabdari system. Very soon, this system became the main
1. offered their services singly basis of the military and civil administration of the Mughals.
2. did not attach themselves to any chief The main intention to introduce Mansabdari was to provide
3. had the emperor as their immediate colonel a clean and better administration.
4. attached themselves to Mirzas 11. Which one of the following is not true about the Mughal
of these statements : Mansabdari System ?
an ‘increase of sawar rank for a temporary period. So, option Ans. (c)
(c) is the correct answer.
The central feature of the agrarian system under the Mughals
12. Consider the following statements about Mughal
was the alienation from the peasant of his surplus produce
Mansabdari and select the correct answer by using
(produce over and above the subsistence level) in the form of
codes below:
land revenue which was the primary source of state’s income.
1.’Zat’ and ‘Mansab’ designation were granted.
2. Mansabdars were hereditarily officials. 15. In Mughal administrative vocabulary ‘Maal’ represents–
3. There were three classes of Mansabdars. (a) Land Revenue (b) Salaried
4. Their salary was paid by Diwan Office. (c) Allowance (d) None of these
Code : U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009
Ans. (a)
(a) Four statements are true.
(b) Four statements are false. It was related to Land Revenue.
(c) Only 1,2 & 3 are true.
16. The Mughal Emperor who prohibited the use of
(d) Only 1 & 3 are true.
tobacco was –
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010
(a) Akbar (b) Babur
Ans. (d)
(c) Jahangir (d) Aurangzeb
The main features of the Mansabdari system were – U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
1. The king himself appointed the mansabdars. He could Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
enhance the mansab, lower it or remove it. Ans. (c)
2. A mansabdar could be asked to perform any civil or
military service. In 1605, Portuguese introduced tobacco in India. Soon it
3. There were 33 categories of the mansabdars. The lowest became popular among the common man. The Mughal
mansabdar commanded 10 soldiers and the highest had emperor Jahangir noticed the harmful effect of tobacco and
10,000 soldiers. issued an order to ban it in 1617 AD.
4. The salary due to the soldiers was added to the personal
salary of the mansabdar. 17. ‘Madad-i-Mash’ indicates in Mughal administration –
5. The mansabdari system was not hereditary. (a) Toll Tax
6. In addition to meeting his personal expenses, the (b) Revenue freeland granted to learned person
mansabdar had to maintain out of his salary a stipulated
(c) Pension provided to military officials
quota of horses, elephants camels, mules and carts.
(d) Cultivation Tax
13. With reference to Mansabdari system, which of the 46 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003
th
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. using the codes given below the lists:
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. List–I List-II
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 (Officer) (Assign Duty)
Ans. (b)
A. Diwan-i-Tan 1. Look after the office
The Mansabdari system was the administrative system of B. Mustarfi 2. Maintained a proper
the Mughal Empire. The system determined the rank of a list of main events and
government official. Mansabdars were appointed on the basis firmans
of qualification and King himself appointed the Mansabdars. C. Mushrif 3. Look after the Jagir
Hence, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are correct, but and Salaries
Reason (R) does not explain Assertion (A). D. Vakianvis 4. Examine the income
19. Read the statement (A) and (B) below and choose the expenditure of State
correct answer from the codes given below: Codes :
(A) Not all the mansabdars were military officers. A B C D
(B) Those who held high civil posts under the Mughals (a) 2 4 1 3
were also mansabdars and were graded accordingly. (b) 3 4 1 2
Code :
(c) 1 3 2 4
(a) both (A) and (B) are false.
(b) both (A) and (B) are true. (d) 4 1 2 3
(c) (A) is true, while (B) is false. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020
(d) (A) is false, while (B) is true. Ans. (b)
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013 Correct match is as follows:-
Ans. (b)
List–I List-II
The Mansabdari system was the administrative system of (Officer) (Assign Duty)
the Mughal Empire introduced by Akbar. The system was
Diwan-i-Tan Look after the Jagir and
common to both the military and the civil department. Abul
Salaries
Fazl has mentioned 66 grades of Mansabdars but in practice.
Mustarfi Examine the income
20. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as expenditure of State
Assersion (A) and other as Reason (R):
Mushrif Look after the office
Assertion (A) : The Mughal Empire was orignally a
Vakianvis Maintained a proper list
Military State.
Reason (R) : The vitality of the development of the Central of main events and
Government System depended on its military power. firmans
23. During the Mughal rule, the copper coin was known as: Assertion (A) : Akbar, like Shershah, tried to regulate
(a) Rupee (b) Daam the currency of the state.
(c) Tanka (d) Shamsi Reason (R) : As in Shershah's currency, the chief
copper coin of Akbar's time was the
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
Dam.
Ans. (b) Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
In the standard Mughal currency system, there were three basic Code :
coins : the Mohur of gold, the Rupee of silver and the Daam (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
of copper. During the reign of Akbar, copper was adopted both
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
as the money of account and the standard of value.
explanation of (A).
24. Which of the following is not correctly matched? (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(a) Dam Copper coin (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(b) Desai Revenue Collector U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
(c) Diwan Revenue Chief of a province Ans. (a)
(d) Jarib A type of tax Akbar tried to regulate the currency of the state like Sher Shah.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019 As a result, during the rule of Akbar and his successors in the
Ans. (d) Mughal period, gold coins, silver rupee and Copper Dam was
Dam was a Copper coin 1 Rupee (Silver coin) equal to 64 extensively circulated and regulated for trading activities. Even
Dam during Shershah period, during Akbar's time, major copper coin was Dam. The income
Desai or Deshmukh was 'in charge of revenue collection at expenditure of the state was calculated in Dam.
the district level during Maratha rule. Diwan was the revenue
chief of a province during Mughal Rule. Jarib was used for 27. The term 'Chakla' has been used in Medieval Indian
land measurement in the context of land-revenue system History sources. This was
during Mughal rule. (a) Identical to Paragnah
(b) Identical to Sarkar
25. The meaning of word Bantai during Medieval period was?
(c) Territorial unit between Subah and Paragnah, but not
(a) Religious Tax identical to Sarkar
(b) System of calculating revenue (d) None of the above
(c) Wealth tax U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
(d) Property tax Ans. (c)
portrait of ‘Bani-Thani’ which is in Kishangarh style was made (c) Mir Sayyid Ali (d) Abul Hasan
by Nihalchand. 46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2004
Ans. (a)
1. Which statement is true about the Mughal paintings ?
Most of the Mughals were renowned as great patrons of
(a) Battle Scene
arts. The first endeavour was to complete the pictures of the
(b) Animal birds and natural scene
earliest Mughal illustrated manuscript, the Dastan-e-Amir
(c) Courtier depicting
Hamza began in the period of Humayun. It took 15 years
(d) All of the above
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991 to finish under the supervision of Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdus
Ans. (d) Samad more than 50 artists completed it.
The Mughal paintings have played a landmark role in the 5. Who among the following were Jahangiri painters?
history of Indian paintings. All the above options are related Select the correct answer for the codes given below –
to Mughal paintings. These paintings were a unique blend 1. Abdus Samad 2. Abul Hasan
of Indian, Persian and Islamic paintings. Ustad Mansur was 3. Aqa Riza 4. Mir Sayyid Ali
a 17 Century Mughal painter and court artist. He grew in
th
Code :
acclaim during the reign of Jahangir (1605-1627). During (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
that period he excelled at depicting the paintings based on (c) 3 and 4 (d) 4 and 1
nature, plants, birds, and animals. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Ans. (b)
2. The foundation of the Mughal painting was laid by –
(a) Akbar (b) Humayun Abul Hasan, Ustad Mansur, Farrukh Begh, Bishan Das, Aqa
(c) Jahangir (d) Shah Jahan Riza, Muhammad Nadir, Muhammad Murad, Manohar,
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
Govardhan were the main artists of Jahangir period. Mir
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009 Sayyid Ali and Abdus Samad laid the foundation of the
Ans. (b) Mughal painting during the period of Humayun.
Humayun laid the foundation of Mughal painting during 6. During whose reign did the “Mughal Painting”
the years of his exile in Persia and Afghanistan. He met two flourish?
distinguished Painter Khwaja Abdus Samad and Mir Sayyid. (a) Aurangzeb (b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir (d) Shah Jahan
It was from these artists that Humayun and his son Akbar took
Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010
lessons in drawing. An advanced atelier was set up in the palace.
Ans. (c)
7. Mughal painting reached its zenith under – Akbar was very fond of painting and during his reign,
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Swami Haridas was a spiritual poet and classical musician (c) Jhansi (d) Jaipur
credited with a large body of devotional compositions, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
especially in the Dhrupad style. He was also the founder of U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
Haridasi school of mysticism, still found today in North India. M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
His followers built 5 worship training centres (ashrams). Ans. (b)
These are- Sri Banke Bihariji, Nidhivan, Temple of Gorelal, Tansen is considered as one of the greatest composer-
Sri Rasik Bihari and Thatti Khana. musicians in Indian classical music. He lived during the
period of the great Mughal Indian king Akbar. He was one
16. The Dhrupad singers included in the reign of Akbar
of the nine jewels of his court. He first served as a court
was/were
musician of the King Ramchandra of Rewa (Bhata Region)
1. Tansen 2. Haridas
and then Emperor Akbar respectively. His tomb is located in
3. Surdas 4. Vilas Khan
Gwalior near the tomb of Saint Hazrat Ghaus whose teachings
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
influenced him to convert into Islam.
Code :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 19. Who among the following kings had given patronage
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) All the four to Tansen before Akbar?
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 (a) Raja Ramchandra Singh of Bhata
Ans. (a) (b) Rajbahadur of Malwa
Tansen and Swami Haridas were the leading Dhrupad singers (c) Uday Singh of Mewar
during Akbar’s reign. Vilas Khan was the main singer during (d) Muzaffar Shah of Gujarat
4. Which of the following is not correctly matched? 9. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
(books) (writers) by using the co des given below the lists :
(a) Tabaqat-i-Nasiri Minhaj-i-Siraj-Juzjani List-I List-II
A. Hasan Nizami 1. Alamgir Nama
(b) Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi Shams-i-Siraj-Afif
B. Khwandamir 2. Nushkha-i-Dilkusha
(c) Tughluqnama Ibn Battuta
C. Muhammad Qazim 3. Humayun Nama
(d) Humayun Nama Gulbadan Begam D. Bhim Sen 4. Tazul Maasir
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019 Code :
Ans. (c) A B C D
(a) 4 3 1 2
Tughluq Nama was written by Amir Khusro, while Ibn (b) 3 2 4 1
Battuta wrote his travelogue titled 'Rihla'. Rest of the options (c) 2 4 3 1
are correctly matched. (d) 1 3 2 4
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003
5. Who translated 'Baburnama' into English? Ans. (a)
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Ans. (c)
The correctly matched list is as follows:
Hawkins - 1608-1611 The correct chronological order of the above-mentioned
Thomas Roe - 1615-1619 Muslim rulers is as follows. Jahangir ruled from 1605 to
Manucci - 1653-1708 1627. Muhammad Shah ruled from 1719 to 1748 AD. Ahmad
Ralph Fitch - 1585-1586 Shah Abdali, an Afghan invader, fought in the third battle of
Thus, option (b) is the correct code. Panipat (January 14, 1761). The reign of Bahadur Shah-II
‘Zafar’ was from 1837 to 1857 A.D.
4. Arrange the following foreign travellers in chronological
order of their arrival in India: 7. Arrange the following four foreign invasions in
I. William Hawkins chronological order and find the correct answer from
II. Ralph Fitch the codes given below :
III. Sir Thomas Roe 1. Ahmad Shah Abdali 2. Genghis Khan
IV. Nicholsa Dawnton
3. Nadir Shah 4. Timur
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Codes Code :
(a) II, I, IV and III (b) IV, II, I and III (a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 4, 3, 2, 1
(c) I, III, II and IV (d) III, II, IV and I (c) 2, 4, 3, 1 (d) 2, 4, 1, 3
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021 Ans. (c)
Ans (a)
The correct sequence of the foreign invaders is Genghis Khan,
) William Hawkins- He arrived in Surat in August 1608.
Timur, Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali. Genghis Khan
) Ralph Fith - He came to India in 1583.
) Sir Thomas Roe - Roe arrived at the port of Surat in attacked during the reign of Iltutmish (1211-1236), Timur
September 1615 with a letter from King James I to invaded during the reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud in 1398.
the then reigning Mughal Emperor, Jahangir, seeking Nadir Shah invaded during the reign of Muhammad Shah
a trade agreement. in 1739 and the year of the invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali
) Nicholas Dawnton - He arrived in India in 1614. was 1748-69 A.D.
5. Which one of the following foreign travellers
8. Which of the following statements are correct?
elaborately discussed about diamonds and diamond
1. Ahmad Shah Abdali fought the third battle of
mines of India?
Panipat.
(a) Francois Bernier 2. Babur established the Delhi Sultanate.
(b) Jean-Baptiste Tavernier 3. Shah Jahan fought the war of succession.
(c) Jean de Thevenot 4. Jahangir was a lover of beauty and nature.
(d) Abbe Barthelemy Carre Code :
I.A.S. (Pre) 2018 (a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
The correct order of the events is as follows- Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
Ans. (c)
Second Battle of Tarain - 1192
Death of Aurangzeb - 1707 Battle of Haldighati was fought between Maharana Pratap
Third Battle of Panipat - 1761 and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh of Amber in 1576. Battle
of Chausa was fought between Humayun and Shershah in
Death of Akbar - 1605
June, 1539. Battle of Kannauj or Bilgram was fought between
14. Which Sultan was reputed to be 'Akbar of Kashmir'? Humayun and Shershah in May, 1540. Battle of Khed was
(a) Sultan Shamsuddin Shah fought between Shahu and Tarabai for the Maratha throne
(b) Sultan Qutbuddin in 1707 AD. Battle of Khajwa was fought between Mughal
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(c) Sultan Sikandar emperor Aurangzeb and Shah Suza in January, 1659.
(d) Sultan Zainul Abidin
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above 17. Consider the following battles and arrange these in
64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018 chronological order.
Ans. (d) I. Battle of Kannauj
Sultan Zainul Abidin on account of his liberal religious II. Battle of Chanderi
policies and social welfare works was called 'Akbar of III. Battle of Talikota
Kashmir'. A number of Sanskrit works were translated by IV. Battle of Chausa
his order. Select the correct answer from the code given below.
15. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer Codes:
from the code given below the lists : (a) I, II, IV, III (b) II, IV, I, III
List-I List-II (c) IV, II, I, III (d) I, IV, II, III
A. Battle of Haldighati 1. Babur U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016
B. Battle of Bilgram 2. Akbar Ans. (b)
C. Revolt of Khusrau 3. Humayun
Following is the sequence of events:-
D. Battle of Khanwa 4. Jahangir
Battle of Chanderi - 1528
Code :
Battle of Chausa - 1539
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1 Battle of Talikota - 1565
(b) 1 3 2 4 Battle of Kannauj - 1540
(c) 3 2 4 1 18. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer
(d) 2 4 1 3
using codes given below the lists:
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
List I List- II
Ans. (a)
A. 1556 1. Battle of Haldighati
The correctly matched list is as follows –
B. 1600 2. Nadir Shah’s capture of
Battle of Haldighati - Akbar (against Rana Pratap)
Battle of Bilgram - Humayun (against Sher Shah) Delhi
Revolt of Khusrau - Jahangir C. 1680 3. Death of Shivaji
Battle of Khanwa - Babur (against Rana Sanga) D. 1739 4. Grant of Charter to
16. Which of the following pair (battle during the Mughal East India Company
and Maratha Period and its year) is correctly matched? 5. Accession of Akbar
D. Mokasa 4. Vijayanagara
Code : (c) Sialkot (d) Hyderabad (India)
A B C D U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
(a) 3 2 1 4 Ans. (a)
(b) 2 3 4 1 The teaching of ‘Muslim Jurisprudence’ was specialized in
(c) 2 3 1 4 Lucknow Madrasa during Mughal period. Mulla Nizamuddin
(d) 3 2 4 1 born in Sihali, 28 km from Lucknow was the originator
I.A.S. (Pre) 2000 of ‘Darse Nizami,’ the new curriculum which included
Ans. (b) Tafsir (exegesis of Quran), Hadith (tradition of Prophet
"Iqta" was allotted by Delhi Sultans, Jagir was allotted by Muhammad) and Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence).
Mughal rulers, Amaram land grant was made by Vijayanagara 29. Arrange the chronological order of the following
rulers and Mokasa land was granted by Maratha rulers. options and find out the correct answer with the help
of the given codes :
25. Which among the following ports was called Babul
1. Ahilya Bai 2. Durgawati
Mecca (Gate of Mecca) during the Mughal Period? 3. Padmini 4. Tara Bai
(a) Calicut (b) Bharuch Code :
(c) Cambay (d) Surat (a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 3, 2, 4, 1
I.A.S. (Pre) 2001 (c) 3, 4, 1, 2 (d) 2, 1, 3, 4
Ans. (d) U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001
During the Mughal period, pilgrims used to visit Mecca for Ans. (b)
Haj from Surat. Hence, Surat was known as ‘Meccai dwar,’
Padmini was the queen of Chittor and the wife of King Rana
‘Babul Mecca’ (Gate of Mecca) and ‘Meccabari.’ Ratan Singh. In the battle, Khalji defeated Rana Ratan Singh
26. Mughals adopted “Navroj” festival from – at Chittor. After killing Rana Ratan Singh, Khalji wanted Rani
Padmini to make his own by force. After that, Padmini decided
(a) Zoroastrians (b) Jews
to take ‘Jauhar’ which was similar to the Sati system. Rani
(c) Mongols (d) Turks Durgavati was a great Hindu warrior queen of Gondwana.
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001 After being defeated by Akbar in the war, she daggered and
Ans. (a) killed herself. Tara Bai Bhonsle was the queen of Chhatrapati
Navroz festival was adopted from Persia (Iran). It was a Rajaram Bhonsle, She was acclaimed for her role in keeping
national festival which was celebrated nineteen days. It had alive the resistance against the Mughal occupation of Maratha
great significance during the Mughal period. The preparation territories after the death of her husband. Ahilya Bai was the
of the festival used to begin quite long back. Abul Qadir Holkar Queen of the Maratha-ruled Malwa kingdom. Indore
Badauni stated Navroz as “Navroz-e-Jalali.” was occupied by the Holkar dynasty.
hall standing without using any wood, iron or stone beam. Indian Elements. With first Muslim invasion of India in 7th
Its roof is built using just bricks and without beam or garter. century and later in with Turko-Mongol invasion in 14th
Bricks and lime was used in its construction instead of stone century, policy and culture of India changed. A complex
or marble. Rumi darwaza which is main entrance gate was amalgamation of Perso-Arabic, Turko-Mongol-Indian
built using lime plaster and lime molding along with Lakhori elements came fore front to rule.
bricks. Hence neither statement 1 nor statement 2 is correct. 45. In what context does 'Panahi' and 'Upanah' mention
in the medieval Indian History?
41. During the Mughal period ‘Muallim ‘ was –
(a) Cloth (b) Jewellery
(a) A tax
(c) Accommodation (d) Shoes
(b) An administrative unit
(c) A ruler M.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2020
(d) A ship Ans (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
Ans. (*) Wooden Sandals were used in India since ancient times. Of
late, the use of leather or other material to make footwear
Muallim or navigator was an employee on Indian merchant developed. During medieval time too shoes/sandals/leather
ships. He used to hold a spherical device on the ship to identify slippers were called charanpaduka, panahi or upanah. Hence
the position of stars and the sun. It helped him to identify the correct option is (d) shoes.
correct position of his ship. In the given options, option (d)
seems to be near to the answer, but it is not an appropriate
Sikh Sect
answer as Muallim was an employee/worker, not a ship. *The founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs was Guru
Nanak. There are total of 10 gurus in Sikhism. They are Guru
42. Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history
Nanak, Guru Angad, Amar Das, Ramdas, Arjun Dev,
were generally
(a) Agriculturists (b) Warriors Hargovind, Harrai, Harkishan, Tegh Bahadur and Guru
(c) Weavers (d) Traders Govind Singh.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2016 *Guru Angad is considered as the progenitor of ‘Gurumukhi
Ans. (d) script’. *Akbar donated land of 500 Bighas which had a
Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were natural pond also to the fourth Sikh Guru Ramdas. The city
traders. They used to move from one place to another, of Amritsar was established on the land granted by Akbar to
sometimes with thousands of oxen, laden with food grain, Guru Ramdas and his wife, Bibi Bhani. *Fifth Sikh Guru Arjun
salt, ghee and other daily stuff. They were specialized in
Caravan trading and also in textile embroidery, etc. Dev compiled the holy book of Sikhism ‘Adi Granth’ in 1604
43. In the times of Mughals the region of Jharkhand was AD. *Guru Amardas divided the religious empire into 22 parts
known as _______. called Manjis. Each Manjis was under the authority of a Sikh.
Gurudwara located ?
8. Which of the following Sikh Gurus were penalized (a) Roop Kund (b) Hem Kund
with death by the Rulers of the time : (c) Tara Kund (d) Brahm Kund
1. Guru Angad Uttrakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2006
2. Guru Arjun Dev Ans. (b)
3. Guru Har Gobind The famous Sikh gurudwara is located in Hem Kund
4. Guru Tegh Bahadur (Chamoli, Uttarakhand).
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
11. Which Sikh Guru was born in Patna?
Code :
(a) Nanak (b) Tegh Bahadur
(a) 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Hargobind (d) Gobind Singh
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
56th to 59th B.P.S.C (Pre) 2015
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002 Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth and the last Sikh Guru.
Guru Arjun Dev and Guru Tegh Bahadur were awarded death He was born in 1666 in Patna, in the east India province of
sentence by their contemporary rulers, Jahangir and Aurangzeb Bihar. He introduced ‘Khalsa Panth’ and consolidated the
respectively.
Sikh community as a warrior.
Guru Arjun Dev (1581-1606)- He was the 5th Sikh Guru.
After the revolt against Jahangir, his rebellious son Prince 12. Nanded is considered sacred by Sikhs due to whose
Khusrau fled from Agra to Afghanistan. During his escape Mausoleum ?
Khusrau met Guru Arjun Dev at Taran Taran city. Guru (a) Guru Amardas
gave him support and shelter due to which Jahangir got (b) Guru Angad
angry with Guru Arjun Dev. Jahangir accused him of (c) Guru Arjun Dev
conspiracy and sentenced him to death sentence in 1606. (d) Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Arjun Dev established Taran Taran and Kartarpur U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
towns. His major work was a compilation of Guru Granth
Ans. (d)
Sahib. He started to run ‘’Mand’’ system in which 10th
part of the income was donated to Guru by every Sikh. The 10th Sikh Guru and last Guru, Guru Gobind Singh was
Guru Tegh Bahadur (1664-1675): Revered as the ninth assassinated in Nanded (Maharastra) by an Afghani noble.
Nanak, he was the ninth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. Nanded Gurudwara is situated at his mausoleum there.
According to the records written by his son Guru Gobind
13. Guru Gobind Singh’s greatness lies in the fact that :
Singh, the Guru had resisted persecution, adopted and
(a) He formed the military order of Sikhs
promised to protect Kashmiri Hindus. The Guru was (b) He was the founder of Sikh state
Khalsa Panth was established on 13th April, 1699, on the day name was given to him by Sikh Guru Gobind Singh.
of Baisakhi by 10th Sikh Guru Gobind Singh in Anandpur 20. The last king of the Sikh Kingdom was-
Sahib. Therefore, it has been almost 300 years when Khalsa (a) Daleep Singh (b) Naunihal Singh
Panth started. (c) Ranjit Singh (d) Sher Singh
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
15. Which among the following Sikh Gurus instituted the
Ans. (a)
Khalsa Panth?
(a) Guru Gobind Singh The last king of Sikh kingdom was Dilip Singh. In second
(b) Guru Tegh Bahadur Anglo-Sikh war (1849), English annexed Punjab and provided
(c) Guru Arjun Dev a pension to Daleep (Duleep) Singh and was sent to Britain.
(d) Guru Nanak Dev
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014 Maratha State and
Ans. (a) Confederacy
See the explanation of above question. *Shivaji was born at the fort of Shivner in 1627 or 1630 AD.
16. Under which Sikh Guru the Sikhs were transformed He adopted the title of Chhatrapati after his coronation in 1674
into the 'Khalsa'? AD. He made Raigarh his capital. *Pandit Vishweshwar alias
(a) Guru Teg Bahadur (b) Guru Arjun ‘Gangabhatta’, a great scholar of that era, declared Shivaji a
(c) Guru Govind Singh (d) Guru Nanak Dev
Kshatriya on his coronation. Shivaji died in 1680 AD at the
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
age of 53 or 50 years.
Ans. (c)
*The reason for the rise of Maratha power was its residents.
See the explanation of above question.
*The unity of the people on the ground of caste, language,
17. Who was the last prophet of Sikhs ? religion, literature and residence flourished the feeling of
(a) Guru Arjun Dev nationalism among them. The geographical conditions of
(b) Guru Gobind Singh Maharashtra were helpful in flourishing the Maratha power.
(c) Guru Tegh Bahadur *The high leadership quality of Shivaji and other Maratha
(d) None of these leaders contributed to the rise of Maratha power.
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
*In 1659 AD, the Sultan of Bijapur sent his experienced and
Ans. (b)
trusted commander Afzal Khan for suppression of Shivaji, but
See the explanation of above question. the diplomat and clever Shivaji killed him.
After Sambhaji, the power of the Maratha Kingdom came in Shivaji - II – (1700-1708) (Son of Raja Ram)
the hands of Balaji Vishwanath who made the administration Chhatrapati Shahuji – (1708-1749) (Son of Sambhaji)
the silver and copper the total cannot be cast up ‘’-That was See the explanation of above question.
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
the message which was sent to Balaji Bajirao in encrypted 36. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between :
form by a merchant after this vigourous defeat of Maratha. (a) Hemu and Akbar
(b) Humayun and Sher Shah
Kashiraj Pandit narrates "The Third Battle of Panipat became
(c) Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali
boisterous for Marathas". (d) Nadir Shah and the Mughals
33. What was the immediate reason for Ahmad Shah Abdali U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
to invade India and fight the Third Battle of Panipat? Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1998
(a) He wanted to avenge the expulsion of his Viceroy
Ans. (c)
Timur Shah from Lahore by Marathas
(b) The frustrated Governor of Jullundhar Adina Beg See the explanation of above question.
Khan invited him to invade Punjab
37. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in the year –
(c) He wanted to punish Mughal administration for
(a) 1526 A.D (b) 1761 A.D
non-payment of the revenues of the Chahar Mahal
(c) 1556 A.D (d) 1857 A.D
(Gujarat, Aurangabad, Sialkot, and Pasrur) Uttrakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2007
(d) He wanted to annex all the fertile plains of Punjab up Ans. (b)
to the borders of Delhi to his kingdom
I.A.S. (Pre) 2010 See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (a) 38. Who of the following Rohilla Chiefs was the confidant
The immediate reason for the third battle of Panipat was the of Ahmad Shah Abdali ?
Ahmad Shah Abdali’s desire to avenge Marathas as they (a) Ghulam Qadir Rohilla
(b) Najib Khan
expelled his viceroy Timur Shah from Lahore.
(c) Ali Muhammad Khan
34. In the Third Battle of Panipat, Marathas were defeated by– (d) Hafiz Rahmat Khan
(a) Afghans U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
(b) Britishers
Ans. (b)
(c) Mughals
(d) Rohillas Ahmad Shah Abdali entered Delhi in January 1757 and looted
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012 Delhi, Mathura, and Agra. Before returning to his motherland,
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2009 he appointed Alamgir-II as the Emperor, Imadulmulk as Prime
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1994, 1993 Minister and Rohilla leader, Najib-ud-Daula (Najb Khan) as
Ans. (a) his chief agent and Mir Bakshi of the empire.
(e) Tarai-Tax collected on irrigation *Sawai Jai Singh (1681 - 1743 A.D.) of Amber was a Rajput
king of the 18th century. *He established ‘Jaipur’ city and
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 made it the centre of science and art. *He built well-equipped
Ans. (e) observatories in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura and Varanasi. He
translated ‘‘Euclid's Geometry” in Sanskrit. *He organized two
Tarai was not a tax collected on irrigation during Maratha Ashvamedh sacrifices during his reign.
rule in Chhattisgarh. All other options are correctly matched.
1. Who succeeded Aurangzeb after his death in 1707 A.D.?
(a) Bahadur Shah- I
Disintegration of the (b) Jahandar Shah
(c) Muhammad Shah
Mughal Empire (d) Akbar- II
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
*After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 AD his 63-year-old son Ans. (a)
Muazzam (Shah Alam) ascended the throne adopting the name
of ‘Bahadur Shah’. He ruled in the period between 1707-1712 After the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, his
AD. *He was given the title of ‘Shahe Bekhabar’ by Khafi sixty-three years old son Muazzam (Shah Alam) ascended
Khan. *Jahandar Shah was the first emperor in the Mughal the throne adopting the name of Bahadur Shah in 1707. He
dynasty, who proved to be highly disqualified for governance. ruled over the duration of 1707-1712.
He ascended the throne with the help of Zulfiqar Khan. He
was defeated and killed by his nephew Farrukh Siyar in a 2. How did the Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah’s
battle in 1713 AD. *Farrukh Siyar issued a decree in which reign come to an early end ?
he granted duty - free trading facilities to the British in Bengal (a) He was deposed by his Wazir
in 1717. It was mentioned in the contract that the East India (b) He died due to slip while climbing down steps
Company could trade without duty (charge) after paying the (c) He was defeated by his nephew in a battle
annual tax of 3000. *Muhammad Shah (1719 - 1748 ) was (d) He died of sickness due to too much consumption of
the last Mughal emperor to sit on Peacock throne (built by
wine.
Shah Jahan). During his reign, Nadir Shah attacked India in
I.A.S. (Pre) 2003
1739 AD and defeated Mughals in the battle of Karnal. The
Ans. (c)
contemporary historian Anand Ram Mukhlis wrote, "Nadir
Shah took sixty thousand rupees, many thousands of gold Jahandar Shah was the first Mughal emperor who proved
coins, gold of one crore rupee, jewels of fifty crore, Kohinoor to be unfit for governance. He ascended the throne with the
and peacock throne with him to Iran."
*Muhammad Shah (1719-1748) spends most of his time in help of contemporary, powerful Amir Zulfiqar Khan. He was
watching animal fight. People called him Rangeela due to defeated by his nephew, Farrukh Siyar and killed on Feb,
his obsession towards wine and beauty and apathy towards
1713. People called him ‘’lewd Moron’’.
administration. A group of eunuchs and ladies dominated in
40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995 Shah Alam- II tenure was from 1759 to 1806. His real name
Ans. (b) was Ali Gauhar. He became the victim of conspiracies
hactched at the royal court. He reached Delhi with the help
Muhammad Shah (1719 - 1748) was the last Mughal emperor
of Marathas in 1772. During his rule only, English captured
to sit on Mayur Singhasan/ Takht-i-Taus during his reign. Delhi in 1803.
Nadir Shah attacked India in 1739 and defeated Mughals
in Karnal Battle. The contemporary historian Anand Ram 9. The last Mughal Emperor was Bahadur Shah. His
father’s name was-
Mukhlis wrote, "Nadir Shah took sixty thousand rupees, many (a) Akbar Shah- I (b) Akbar Shah- II
thousands of gold coins, gold of one crore rupee, jewels of (c) Aurangzeb (d) Shah Jahan
fifty crores, Kohinoor and peacock throne with him to Iran". U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
Ans. (b)
5. The Mughal Emperor at the time of Nadir Shah’s
The last Mughal Emperor was Bahadur Shah Zafar (1837-
attack was –
(a) Ahmad Shah (b) Alamgir II 57). His father’s name was Akbar- II. He was a pensioner
of British and head of the royal court of Red Fort of Delhi.
(c) Muhammad Shah (d) Rafi-ud-Darjat
He died in 1862 AD.
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
Ans. (c) 10. Who was last Mughal emperor of India ?
(a) Aurangzeb (b) Bahadur Shah Zafar
See the explanation of above question
(c) Shah Alam (d) Shah Jahan
6. A group of eunuchs and ladies dominated in the M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
Government under Ans. (b)
(a) Muhammad Shah (1719-48)
See the explanation of above question.
(b) Ahmad Shah (1748-54)
(c) Alamgir (1754-59) 11. Which one of the following statements is not correct
(d) Shah Alam II (1759-1806) about Bahadur Shah Zafar ?
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004 (a) He was an emperor without an empire
Ans. (a) (b) Ibrahim Zauq and Asad Ullah Khan Ghalib were his
Muhammad Shah (1719-48) spent his most of his time in poetry teachers
(c) Hasan Askari was his spiritual guide
watching animal fight. People called him ‘’Rangeela’’ due to
(d) He received less than one lakh rupees as pension from
his obsession towards wine and beauty and apathy towards
East India Company
administration. A group of eunuchs and ladies predominated U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
in Mughal Darbar during the regime of Muhammad Shah. Ans. (d)
3. Ujjain 4. Varanasi
13. Who among the following was the founder of Code :
independent Kingdom of Hyderabad ? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(a) Qamaruddin Khan (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
(b) Muhammad Amin Khan
(c) Asad Khan U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
(d) Chin Qilich Khan Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (d)
Chin Qilich Khan aka Nizam-ul-Mulk founded the 17. The book’ Jiz Muhammad Shahi’ related to knowledge
independent kingdom of Hyderabad in 1724. Nizam became of Astrology produced in 1773 is written by :
the real king after the death of the Mughal governor Mubarij (a) Darbar Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur
Khan in the battle of Shakur-Khera of Deccan, 1724. (b) Raja Bharmal of Amber
14. With reference to Indian history, which of the following (c) Swai Jai Singh of Jaipur
statements is/are correct?
(d) Maharana Amar Singh of Udaipur
1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad
state. R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2007
2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijayanagara Ans. (c)
Empire.
3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the Sawai Jai Singh (1681 - 1743 A.D.) of Amber was a great
territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani. Rajput king of the 18th century. He established "Jaipur"
Select the correct answer using the code given below. city and made it a centre of science and art. He was a
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only great renowned astronomer. He constructed well-equipped
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only observatories in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura and Varanasi.
I.A.S. (Pre.) 2021
He prepared a set of chart named Jiz Muhammad Shahi for
Ans (b)
ease in astronomical observation journals. He conducted
Nizamat of Arcot was established by Mughal Emperor Euclid's "Geometry" in Sanskrit. He conducted two
Aurangzeb and was the legal dependency of the Nizam of Ashwamedh sacrifices during his reign.
Hyederabad, it did not emerge from the Hyderabad state.
Hence statement 1 is not correct. Mysore kingdom emerged 18. Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur had not built the
as a powerful state under the Wodeyar dynasty, which initially observatory at-
served as a vassal of the Vijaynagar empire. Hence statement (a) Ujjain (b) Varanasi
2 is correct. Ali Muhammad Khan took advantage of the (c) Mathura (d) Allahabad
collapse of authority in north India following Nadir Shah's U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
invasion (1739), to set up a petty kingdom, Rohilakhand. Ans. (d)
Ahmad Shah Durrani started invading India in 1748. Hence
statement 3 is not correct. See the explanation of above question.
business of Black Pepper which was enough to lure other were first to start Joint Stock Company in India.* In 1602, by a
merchants to India. resolution passed by Dutch (Holland) Parliament a United East
*In 1505, Francisco de Almeida arrived at India as first India Company was established. It had a Capital of 6,500,000
Portuguese Governor and Viceroy. In the light of Portuguese Guilders. This company had monopoly to do trade, to attack and
trade interests and to establish Portuguese authority in the Indian win territories in India and eastern countries. Its eastern centre
Ocean, Almeida rendered the Blue Water Policy. *Afonso de was situated in Batavia (currently Jakarta). Eastern Empire
Albuquerque came as the Governor in 1509 after Almeida. of Dutch was operated and administered by this company. Its
In 1510, he snatched Goa from Yusuf Adil Shah, the ruler of partners worked as a private group. Dutch constructed Fort
Bijapur, and established his authority there. He is known as the William at Modern Kochi in 1663 after defeating Portuguese.
real founder of the Portuguese power in India. *Albuquerque Kochi in 1814 was included in British settlements. *In 1599,
in 1511 captured Malacca, an important South-East Asian a group named “Merchant Adventures” founded English
Market and, in 1515, captured Hormuz situated at the mouth East India Company or The Governor and Company of
of Persian Gulf. *Nino da Cunha assumed the Governor Merchants Trading into the East Indies in England. *In
office after Albuquerque in 1529 and remained the Governor December 1600, Queen Elizabeth I of England granted East
till the end of 1538. *Sea Route to India was discovered by India Company the Charter for 15 years to trade with east.
Portuguese traveller Vasco da Gama whereas Spanish traveller Akbar was the King of India then (1556-1605). *Levant
Columbus discovered a route to America. Captain Cook Company in 1593 got Charter for land trade with India.
of Britain discovered a route to Australia and Tasman of
*During the Reign of Jahangir, in 1611, East India Company
Holland discovered Van Demon’s Land (currently Tasmania)
established their first temporary factory at Masulipatnam. In
and New Zealand. *In 1503, at Cochin, first Portuguese Fort
1613, English established their first permanent factory at Surat.
(first European Fort in India) was constructed by Afonso de
*Dutch established their factory at Surat in 1616 followed by
Albuquerque (he was not Viceroy then). *Portuguese were
French in 1668. *Thomas Best was the English officer who
the first to establish trade relations with India during medieval
defeated Portuguese at a place named Sowlley. *In 1661, King
times. *The sequence of Arrival of European Companies to
of Britain Charles II married Portuguese Princess Catherine
India is : Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French.
and received Mumbai as a gift which was leased to East India
*Portuguese were first to arrive in 1498 and were last to leave
Company on payment of 10 Pound annually. *English Governor
India in 1961. *In 1961 the Portuguese Governor-General of
Goa was Manuel Antonio Vassalo e Silva (1958-61). *Jose of Bombay John Child, in 1688, surrounded Mughal ports in
Ferreira Bossa was the Governor- General of Goa when India Bombay and other Mughal ports on the western coast and tried
got Independence in 1947. *Among all European powers, to imprison Hajj travellers going to Mecca as a result of which
Portuguese were the first to establish Sea trading centres in India. Aurangzeb expelled him from India.
*Portuguese in 1503 established their first factory at Cochin *First Carnatic War (1746-48) was just an extension of the
whereas their second factory was established at Kannur in 1505. war of Succession in Austria which started in 1740. *In 1746
The Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama discovered the Indian U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993
route. The Spanish voyager Christopher Columbus discovered U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
America.The British Captain Cook ensued Australia while Ans. (d)
Holland voyager Tasman explored Van Deman’s land (now
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to come to medieval
Tasmania) and New Zealand.
India for trade. The first Portuguese and European voyager
6. Who among the following visitors to India did not Vasco da Gama reached the coast of Calicut in 1498 after
belong to Portuguese country?
a long voyage with the help of Gujarati route guide Abdul
(a) Duarte Barbosa (b) Domingo Paes
(c) Peter Mundy (d) Fernao Nuniz Majid. The sequence of the arrival of European trade powers
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021 in India is as follows: Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and
Ans (c) French. Portuguese came to India in 1498 and returned in
Peter Mundy was a 17th century British traveller who came 1961 (longest period).
to India during Mughal rule (Shahjahan). He has described
Banaras in his writings. 10. Who were the first Europeans to set up sea trade
centres in India?
7. Who was the real founder of Portuguese power in (a) The English (b) The French
India?
(c) The Portuguese (d) The Dutch
(a) Vasco da Gama (b) Albuquerque
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
(c) Bartholomeu Dias (d) George Oxdone
Ans. (c)
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003
Ans. (b) Among all European powers in India, the Portuguese traders
were the first who established maritime trade centres in India.
The real founder of Portuguese power in India was
The first Portuguese Viceroy Francisco de Almeida annexed
Albuquerque (1509-15). He established Portuguese State
as a powerful regional power in India. The annexation of Diu in 1509. The victory of Diu made Portuguese most
Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in February, 1510 was the powerful in the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese established
first significant achievement of Albuquerque. The victory of their monopoly over the Indian Ocean and levied a tax on
Goa consolidated the Portuguese monopoly at the southern- ships passing through their area.
western naval coast and established regional Portuguese State 11. Among the following factories in Bengal, the one
in India. He encouraged Portuguese men to marry Indian established by the Portuguese was :
women for enhancement of Portuguese presence in India (a) Bandel (b) Chinsurah
and the formation of permanent colonies. (c) Hooghly (d) Shrirampur
8. At which one of the following places in India did the U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
Portuguese build their first fortress ? Ans. (c)
Ans. (b)
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 The Chief of Qasim Bazar factory, Job Charnock had selected
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Sutanuti or Sutnauti (Calcutta) instead of Hooghly for the
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 establishment of the British trade centre and finally he
Ans. (a) founded Kolkata in the form of English colonies.
The first European power to occupy Pondicherry and to exert 17. Who founded Calcutta ?
power in India was the Portuguese. Dutch was the second (a) John Surman (b) Vasco da Gama
European power to occupy Pondicherry. The Britishers also (c) Warren Hastings (d) Job Charnock
occupied Pondicherry in 1793 but handed it over to France Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
in 1814 under the Treaty of Paris. Thus, only statement (1) Ans. (d)
is correct.
See the explanation of above question.
13. Hooghly was used as a base for piracy in the Bay of
Bengal by : 18. With reference to the entry of European powers into
(a) Portuguese (b) French India, which one of the following statements is not
correct?
(c) Danish (d) British
(a) The Portuguese captured Goa in 1499
I.A.S. (Pre) 1995 (b) The English opened their first factory in South India
Ans. (a) at Masulipatnam
The Portuguese used Hooghly as a base for piracy in the Bay (c) In Eastern India, the English company opened its first
factory in Orissa in 1633
of Bengal. In 1631-32, Qasim Khan who was the Governor (d) Under the leadership of Dupleix, the French occupied
of Bengal during Shahjahan’s reign finally subdued and Madras in 1746
I.A.S. (Pre) 2003
imprisoned thousands of Portuguese.
Ans. (a)
14. Who used Hooghly as a base for piracy in the Bay of
The Portuguese Governor Albuquerque captured Goa from
Bengal? Bijapur in 1510 A.D., not in 1499. Hence, option (a) is the
(a) The Dutch (b) The French correct answer.
(c) The Portuguese (d) The British 19. The first to start a joint stock company to trade with
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above India were :
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019 (a) Portuguese (b) Dutch
Ans. (c) (c) French (d) Danish
I.A.S. (Pre) 1994
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (b)
(c) Cochin, Ahmedabad, Patna Adventures in England formed East India company or ‘The
(d) All the above Governor and company of Merchants trading into the East
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 Indies.’ In December 1600, Queen Elizabeth of England
Ans. (d)
granted a royal charter to do business with the East for 15 years.
Trading centres established by Dutch in India were-
24. Which of the following British companies got the first
Nagappattinam - 1658 AD charter permitting them to trade in India ?
Chinsura - 1653 AD (a) Levant Company
Machilipatnam - 1605 AD (b) East India Company
(c) The English Company trading to the East Indies
Surat - 1616 AD
(d) Ostend Company
Agra - 1621AD U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014
Kochin - 1663 AD Ans. (a)
Patna - 1638 AD or 1632 The Levant Company had got a charter for trading with India
21. Dutch East India company established its factory at by land routes. British Queen Elizabeth granted a charter to
Patna in which year ? the English company trading to the East Indies permitting
(a) 1601 (b) 1632 by sea route on 31 December, 1600. This company extended
(c) 1774 (d) 1651 its trade with the merger of a new company in 1709 as the
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above new name of “United Company of Merchants of England
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
trading to the East Indies” which was later known as “East
Ans. (b)
India Company”.
Dutch East India Company established its factory at Patna
25. Which one of the following was the Emperor of India
in 1632 while it was closed in the same year. when the British East India Company was formed in
London?
22. Which one of the following is the correct statement?
(a) The modern Kochi was a Dutch colony till India’s (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
Independence. (c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
(b) The Dutch defeated the Portuguese and built Fort U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Williams in the modern Kochi. U. P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
(c) The modern Kochi was first a Dutch Colony before Ans. (a)
the Portuguese took over from them. Some merchants organized a general meeting in London in
(d) The modern Kochi never became a part of the British
1599 presided over by Lord Mayer. Plans were prepared for
colony.
trading with eastern islands and a company for the fulfilment
I.A.S. (Pre) 2005
Ans. (b) of this purpose was founded named as Governor and
The sequence of Europeans who came to Pre-independence East India Company and
India as traders is :
(i) Portuguese – 1498 A.D. (Ist factory was established in Nawabs of Bengal
Cochin in 1503 A.D.)
(ii) Dutch – 1602 A.D. (I st factory was established in *Murshid Quli Khan (1717-1727 AD) was the last Governor
Masulipattanam in 1605 A.D.) of Bengal who was independently appointed by Mughal King.
(iii) English – 1599 A.D. (Ist factory was established in 1613 Murshid Quli Khan shifted his Capital to Maksudabad
in Surat).
(iv) French – 1664 A.D. (Ist factory was established in 1668 from *Dhaka and named it Murshidabad. He started Izara
in Surat). System in the land settlement. *Alivardi Khan (1740-1756)
comparing Europeans with the Honeybees said that if they are
50. Consider the following
1. Assessment of land revenue of the basis of nature of left undisturbed, they will give you honey and if tried to disturb
the soil and the quality of crops. them they will bite you till death. *After the death of Alivardi
2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare. Khan, his grandson Siraj-ud-Daula succeeded to the throne of
th
3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies. Bengal. Blackhole tragedy took place during his reign on 20
Which of the above was/were introduced into India by June 1756. According to one of the 23 survivors, J.Z. Holwell,
the English? 146 English prisoners were put in a cell with a dimension of 18
Company was started during Clive’s governorship. *Mir Qasim the Company made Bengal a ‘State of Dacoits’.
(1760-63) was the ablest among the successors of Alivardi 1. Which one of the following was the last Governor of
Khan. As a ‘Faujdar’ of Poornia and Rangpur, Mir Qasim had Bengal appointed by the Mughal Emperor ?
already proven his ability. To save his courtiers from repeated (a) Sarfraz Khan
conspiracies of Britishers and to avoid the interference from (b) Murshid Quli Khan
Englishmen, Mir Qasim shifted his Capital to Munger from (c) Alivardi Khan
(d) Shujauddin Muhammad Khan
Murshidabad so as to stay away from Calcutta. He consolidated
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
his army on the European methods. He made arrangements in
Ans. (b)
Munger for the manufacturing of Matchlock gun. Mir Qasim
also took some brave steps so as to improve the economic Farrukh Siyar, the Mughal Emperor, promoted Murshid Quli
Khan to Governor of Bengal in 1717. Shujauddin, the son-in-
conditions of Bengal. The officers involved in embezzlement
th law of Murshid Quli Khan, became the Governor of Bengal
were fined heavily, some new taxes were introduced and 3/32
after the death of Murshid Quli Khan who was duly ratified by
part of old taxes were introduced as extra taxes. *The Combined
the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah ‘’Rangeela”. Hence
forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula (Nawab of Awadh) and his Father-in-law was the last Governor of Bengal appointed
Mughal King Shah Alam II was defeated by Britishers in the by Mughal emperor independently.
nd
Battle of Buxar on 22 October, 1764. English army was led 2. The last Subedar of Bengal, who was appointed by
by Hector Munro. Henry Vensittart was the then Governor Mughal Emperor -
of Bengal. This victory of Britishers made the English a great (a) Murshid Quli Khan
power in northern India and contenders for the supremacy (b) Sarfaraz Khan
(c) Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan
over the whole country. Now, there was no one in India who (d) Alivardi Khan
can challenge the Britishers.The area up to Allahabad was U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021
now under the Britishers and the door of Delhi was now open Ans (a)
for Britishers. Battle of Buxar changed the course of Indian See the explanation of above question.
History. During this battle, Mir Jafar was Nawab of Bengal 3. Which of the following war began the consolidation of
and Delhi was ruled by Shah Alam II. By the second treaty British supremacy over India ?
of Allahabad (August, 1765) Shah Alam II agreed to reside (a) Battle of Buxar
(b) Battle of Plassey.
at Allahabad, under the company’s protection. Nawab Shuja- rd
(c) III Battle of Mysore
ud-Daula surrendered Allahabad and Kara to Emperor Shah (d) Independence Struggle of 1857
Alam II. *Shah Alam II issued a decree granting Diwani of M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company in lieu Ans. (b)
Ans. (a)
(c) 1760 (d) 1764
See the explanation of above question. Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
5. Who was the founder of the British Empire in India ?
Ans. (b)
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Amherst See the explanation of above question.
(c) Lord Robert Clive
10. Which of the following shifted his capital from
(d) Lord William Bentinck
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 Murshidabad to Munger ?
Ans. (c) (a) Alivardi Khan (b) Siraj-ud-Daula
(c) Mir Jafar (d) Mir Qasim
Lord Robert Clive was the founder of the British empire I.A.S. (Pre) 2005
in India who consolidated British supremacy by defeating U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003
Nawab of Bengal Sirajuddaula in the battle of Plassey (23
Ans. (d)
June, 1757).
Mir Qasim was most efficient successor among the successors
6. Who among the following has been called as a “Heaven of Nawab Alivardi Khan. He demonstrated his capability
Born General” ? as lieutenant of Poornia and Munger. He transferred his
(a) Albuquerque (b) Robert Clive capital from Murshidabad to Munger. The reason was to
(c) Francois Dupleix (d) Lord Cornwallis secure himself from constant interference from Calcutta
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009 and intrigues of Murshidabad. He organized his Army on
Ans. (b) the European model. He managed factory of arms and
Robert Clive was the Governor of India twice from 1757- ammunition at Munger for manufacturing of tanks and
1760 and then 1765-1767. He forced Nawab of ‘Oudh’ matchlock guns. Besides, Mir Qasim had made efforts to
Shujaudaulah to sign the Treaty of Allahabad. He established reform state’s financial condition. The officer who had
‘’Predatory State” in Bengal successfully. Indeed, he was a misappropriated funds were heavily fined, some new taxes
statesman in the mask of a soldier. William Pitt stated that were levied, raised excess 3/32 tax on old tax collection.
he was “heaven-born general.” He collected one more tax ‘’Khiri Jama” which was earlier
7. Who founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta hidden by the official.
in 1784?
11. The most decisive battle that led to the establishment
(a) Jonathan Duncan (b) William Jones
of supremacy of the British in India was :
(c) Warren Hastings (d) Charles Grant
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017 (a) The Battle of Buxar
Ans. (b) (b) The Battle of Plassey
begun. According to Sir James Stephen, ‘’The battle of Buxar at Buxar on 22nd October, 1764. Now there was no power
deserves more credit than the battle of Plassey as the origin left to challenge British Empire.Thus, the battle of Buxar is
of British power in India”. If the results of both significant regarded as the first decisive military success of English East
battles are analyzed, it can be said that the battle of Plassey India Company in India.
was won by treachery, but the battle of Buxar showed the
16. Which one of the following is considered to be the
supremacy of English armies and military skills. Plassey
most significant battle in the establishment of British
made the English only the controller of Bengal while Buxar supremacy in India?
raised the political prestige of the Company throughout India. (a) Buxar (b) Plassey
12. Who was the ruler of Delhi at the time of the battle of (c) Shrirangapattam (d) Wandiwash
Buxar? U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
(a) Aurangzeb (b) Shah Alam I Ans. (a)
(c) Bahadur Shah Zafar (d) Shah Alam II
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005 Although Plassey founded British control over Bengal, the
Ans. (d) battle of Buxar established the British supremacy all over
India. Mughal Emperor, Nawab of Oudh and Nawab of
See the explanation of above question. Bengal became a puppet of the British Company.
17. With reference to the Hindu Nayab Wazirs of Oudh
13. Who was the Nawab of Bengal when the Battle of Buxar Sultanate, which of the following statements(s) is/are
was fought? correct?
(a) Sirajuddaula (b) Mir Jafar 1. Raja Tikait Rai was 'Artha Mantri' of Nawab
(c) Mir Qasim (d) Najmuddaula Aasafudaullah.
2. Usually there were certain Hindu castes who were
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016
placed at the high positions in the State of
Ans. (b)
Nawabs of Oudh.
The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 between Select the correct answer from the code given below.
the forces under the command of the British East India Code:
Company led by Hector Munro and the combined Army (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
of Mir Qasim, Mughal King Shah Alam-II and Nawab of
U.P.R.O. / A.R.O. (Mains) 2016
Awadh. Mir Jafar was the Nawab of Bengal then.
Ans (c)
14. Out of the following, the most decisive battle fought Raja Tikai Rai was Artha Mantri of Nawab Aasafudullah
by the English East India Company was of Oudh. Usually certain Hindu castes were placed in high
(a) Battle of Buxar positions in the state of Nawabs of Oudh. Hence option (c)
(b) Battle of Plassey is correct.
Lakhs to him and provided Rs 53 Lakhs for the expenses of (c) Bombay (d) Panaji
the Nizamat. During this time Robert Clive was Governor of M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
East India Company in Bengal. The emperor’s order legalized Ans. (a)
the political authority of Company in Bengal and British rule
Surat was the Western Presidency in the early period of the
expanded all over India including Delhi. Successors of Shah
East Indian company.
Alam II i.e. Akbar II (1806-37) and Bahadurshah II (1837-57)
The presidency was established with the founding of an
became pensioners of East India Company.
East Indian Company factory in the western Indian port city
19. Who granted the Diwani of Bengal to the East India of Surat and was terminated when the presidency seat was
Company in 1765? moved to Bombay.
(a) Nawab of Bengal (b) Mughal Emperor
(c) British Monarch (d) The Afghan King 24. Who was appointed Deputy Diwan of Murshidabad
U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 by Robert Clive after the Allahabad Treaty?
Ans. (b) (a) Mohd. Raza Khan (b) Shitab Rai
(c) Rai Durlabh (d) Syed Ghulam Hussain
See the explanation of above question.
45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001
20. In which Governor’s tenure, Diwani rights of Bengal, Ans. (a)
Bihar and Odisha was granted to East India Company According to the second Treaty of Allahabad (August,
by Emperor Shah Alam? 1765), Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was taken under
(a) Lord Clive (b) Lord Cornwallis the Company’s protection and had to reside at Allahabad.
(c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord William Bentinck Shah Alam II conferred Diwani (fiscal revenue collection
U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004 authority) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the Company by
Ans. (a) issuing ‘Farman’ on 12 August, 1765. In return, the company
had to pay the emperor an annual sum of Rs 26 Lakhs and Rs
See the explanation of above question.
53 Lakhs for ‘Nizamat’ expenses. At that time, the Company
21. Emperor Shah Alam- II gave the Diwani of Bengal was neither interested in taking responsibility for tax revenue
- Bihar and Orissa to East India Company on – collection nor it was capable of doing so. Therefore, the
(a) 12 August, 1765 (b) 18 August, 1765 Company appointed two Diwans- Mohammad Raza Khan for
(c) 29 August, 1765 (d) 21 August, 1765 Bengal and Raja Shitab Rai for Bihar. Thus, all business of
48 to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
th Diwani and Nizamat was conducted by Indians but authorized
Ans. (a) by the British Company.
Battle of Plassey 29. The famous Battle of Wandiwash in 1760 was fought
(b) Battle of Ambur-Battle of Plassey-Battle of by the British against whom ?
Wandiwash-Battle of Buxar (a) The French (b) Spain
(c) Battle of Wandiwash-Battle of Plassey-Battle of (c) Mysore (d) Carnatic
Ambur-Battle of Buxar. (e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
(d) Battle of Ambur-Battle of Buxar-Battle of Wandiwash- 66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020
Battle of Plassey. Ans (a)
I.A.S. (Pre) 2005 See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (b)
30. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Battle of Ambur (August, 1749):- The combined armies of (a) Battle of Buxar – Mir Jafar Vs. Clive
Muzaffar Jung, Chanda Sahib and the French defeated and (b) Battle of Wandiwash – French Vs. East India
Company
Killed Anwar-ud-din at the Battle of Ambur near Bellore in
(c) Battle of Chilianwala – Dalhousie Vs. Marathas
August, 1749. Muzaffar Jung became the Subedar of Deccan. (d) Battle of Khurda – Nizam Vs. East India
Duplex was appointed Governor of all the Mughal territories Company
south of the river Krishna. The Nizam surrendered some I.A.S. (Pre) 1995
Ans. (b)
districts in the northern circars to the French. A French army
under Bussy was stationed in Hyderabad. Battle of Buxar (October, 1764), was fought between Allied
Battle of Plassey (June, 1757):- Fought between Nawab Forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-daula and Shah Alam II, and
of Bengal Sirajuddaula and the British Army. Bengal was British force. British force led by Hector Munro defeated
in control of the British after Plassey. Mir Jafar was placed the allied forces badly. The battle of Buxar is regarded as
on the throne by Robert Clive. In exchange, Mir Jafar ceded the first decisive military success of the English East India
to the British an area of the south of Calcutta known as 24 Company in India.
Pargana for their services and gifted 2,34,000 pounds to Clive Battle of Wandiwash was fought between French and East
as personal gift reward. India Company in 1760. By this defeat, the power of French
Battle of Wandiwash (January, 1760) :- It occurred between in India came to an end.
French and British. French were defeated by the British. Sir Battle of Chilianwala was fought on 13 January 1849. Lord
Gough commanded the British Army, and the Sikh army
Eyre coote was the leader of the British Army while French
was under the commands of Sher Singh. The battle ended
Croops were led by Count de Lally. up undecided. Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of
Battle of Buxar (October, 1764) :- Fought between allied India at the time of the battle.
forces of Mir Qasim, Shujauddaula, Shah Alam II and the Battle of Khurda/Kharda (1795) was fought by Marathas
British. British led by Hector Munro defeated the allied forces against Nizam in which Nizam was defeated. Therefore, other
badly. Thus, option (b) will be the correct answer. pairs are wrong excluding option (b).
(c) Dost Mohammad (d) Sher Ali 8. Who was last King of Sikh empire?
(a) Khadag Singh (b) Sher Singh
41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996 (c) Naunihal Singh (d) Duleep Singh
Ans. (a) U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (d)
Punjab was part the of Ahmad Shah Abdali’s territory, but
in 1773 after his death, most of the area of his empire was Maharaja Duleep Singh was the last king of Sikh empire. He
occupied by Sikh misls leaving Multan, Kashmir and some reigned from 1843 to 1849.
other smaller regions. Ranjit Singh got the opportunity to
9. Which one of the following statements is correct about
consolidate his empire as Afghans were engaged in internal Dalip Singh, the ex-Maharaja of Punjab?
fights. In 1800 AD, Shah Shuja (the grandson of Ahmad Shah (a) He died in Paris on 23 October, 1893
Abdali) sat on the throne of Kabul but Shah Mahmud (brother (b) He was cremated at Nasik.
of Shah Shuja) along with powerful Barekzay chieftain Fateh (c) He never renounced the Sikh faith.
Khan and Dost Muhammad dethroned him and occupied (d) He had never visited Russia.
Kashmir and Peshawar. On that occasion, Shah Shuja asked U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
Ranjeet Singh for help and presented him Kohinoor. Ans. (a)
Lawrence and Charles Grenville Mansel included as members 38th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1992
of the council. H.M. Eliot and Robert Montgomery were not Ans. (a)
concerned with this council.
Tipu Sultan set up his Capital at Srirangapatna and was the
11. Who emerged victorious in the first Anglo-Mysore War founder member of ‘Jacobin Club’ and also planted “the
(1766-69)? tree of liberty” as a symbol of the alliance between France
and Mysore in Srirangapatna. He sent his delegates for
(a) English (b) Haider Ali
maintaining fruitful relations with contemporary foreign
(c) Maratha (d) Nizam of Hyderabad states and getting help against the British. He established
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015 embassies in foreign countries on the modern line.
Ans. (b)
15. Who among the following Indian rulers established
First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-69) was fought between embassies in foreign countries on modern lines?
British and Haider Ali. He fought bravely and captured (a) Haider Ali (b) Mir Qasim
(c) Shah Alam- II (d) Tipu Sultan
Mangalore in 1768 and reached Madras in 1769 where
I.A.S. (Pre) 2001
English in helplessness had to sign the “Treaty of Madras’ U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
in April 1769 on the conditions of Haider Ali. Ans. (d)
12. Who among the following established a modern armory Tipu Sultan established embassies in Egypt, France, and
in Dindigal Mysore in 1755? Turkey on modern lines.
(a) Nanjraj (b) Haider Ali
16. Tipu Sultan defeated the British Army in 1780 at –
(c) Devraj (d) Chikka Krishnaraj (a) Hyderabad (b) Pollilur
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020 (c) Shrirangapatnam (d) Nizamabad
Ans (b) U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
Ans. (b)
In 1742, Mysore army under Venkata Raya's leadership
conquered Dindigul. In 1755, Mysore king sent Haider Ali Siege of Arcot was done in 1780 by Hyder Ali. After that,
to Dindigul to handle the situation. Haider Ali occupied a British Army led by Co. William Baillie was defeated at
Pollilur. Hyder Ali was defeated at Porto Nova, Pollilur, and
Dindigul & converted this fort into sepohy post. Later on he
Sellingpur between July 1781 to September 1781.
became the ruler of Mysore. In 1777, Haider Ali appointed
Purshana Mir Saheb as governor of Dindigul. 17. Englishmen made the Treaty of Srirangpatnam with–
(a) Hyder Ali (b) Dupleix
13. British general who defeated/beat Haider Ali in War (c) Tipu Sultan (d) Nandraj
of Porto Novo : 42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997
(a) Captain Popham (b) Sir Eyer Coote Ans. (c)
18. When did Tipu Sultan die at war with the British? The second battle of Karnataka was fought in 1749-1754.
(a) 1857 (b) 1799 It was fought between various Indian claimants to power in
(c) 1793 (d) 1769 Southern India, each supported by the French or the British.
The first battle of Karnataka was a direct conflict between two
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
European powers. Rest of the options are correctly matched.
Ans. (b)
The fourth and final war was fought between British and 21. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer
Mysore in 1799 which ended the glorious history of Mysore, using the code given below the lists :
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
Srirangapattnam was captured and Tipu was killed in its List- I List- II
defence. Wellesley and Stuart had led British Army during A. Treaty of Allahabad 1. 1782
the war, Wellesley was raised to the title of ‘’Marquess” for B. Treaty of Manglore 2. 1784
the victory of Mysore by Lord Society of Ireland. British C. Treaty of Salbai 3. 1769
restored control of Mysore to the Wodeyars and annexed
D. Treaty of Madras 4. 1765
Kanara, Coimbatore and Srirangapatna.
Code :
19. Which of the following is correctly matched? A B C D
(a) First Anglo-Mysore - Hyder Ali was defeated (a) 4 2 3 1
War (b) 2 4 3 1
(b) Second Anglo-Mysore - Hyder Ali defeated the
(c) 4 2 1 3
War British
(c) Third Anglo-Mysore - Tipu Sultan won the (d) 2 4 1 3
War battle and did not cede U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
his territory to British. Ans. (c)
(d) Fourth Anglo-Mysore -Tipu was defeated and
War was killed in the thick of The correct match of List- I with List II is as follows –
battle Treaty Year
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014 Treaty of Allahabad - 1765
Ans. (d) Treaty of Manglore - 1784
Treaty of Salbai - 1782
(i) First Anglo-Mysore War was held in 1767-1769 and
Treaty of Madras - 1769
ended with Treaty of Madras on 4 April, 1769. British
Governor was Verelst during the war. 22. Begum Samru constructed most eminent church at :
(ii) Second Anglo-Mysore War was fought in 1780-1784 and
(a) Mount Abu (b) Nainital
ended with the Treaty of Mangalore. Warren Hastings
was the British Governor-General during the war. (c) Sardhana (d) Kanpur
(iii) Third Anglo-Mysore War occurred in 1790-92 under U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
commands of Lord Cornwallis and ended with Treaty Ans. (c)
of Srirangapatna. Tipu requested support from Turkey,
Begum Samru constructed the most eminent Church at
Kustuntunia and France but his effort was worthless.
(iv) 4th Anglo-Mysore War was fought in 1799, led by General Sardhana near Meerut. European Walter Joseph Reinhardt
Lord Wellesley. On 4 May 1799, British annexed Silbertal was the husband of Begum Samru who offered
Srirangapatna Fort and Tipu got martyrdom in the battle. military service to many states. Begum Samru became
Family members of Tipu were imprisoned in Vellore. empress of Sardhana after the death of her husband.
used subsidiary alliance as a tool to make Indian provinces as British resident of Oudh replacing Sleeman. He said the
puppets of Britishers. He did not discover this method. This administration of Oudh is very polluted and the condition of the
method was in practice earlier also but it gradually evolved and people is miserable. This report of Outram emerged as the base
the final shape was provided by Wellesley. Dupleix was the first for the annexation of Oudh. Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) blamed
European to give his Army to an Indian ruler on the promise of Nawab of Awadh Wajid Ali Shah of maladministration and,
th
a fixed payment to the Company. Britishers used these tactics on 13 February 1856, Awadh was annexed by Britishers. The
too. First Subsidiary Alliance was signed in 1765 with Oudh States that were annexed through the policy of Doctrine of
where Company promised to protect the boundaries of Oudh Lapse are - Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambhalpur (1849),
on a fixed payment to the Company. *The evolved version of Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854)
the Subsidiary Alliance of Lord Wellesley was accepted by the etc. *Lord Dalhousie made the first attempt for construction
Princely States in the following Sequence- Hyderabad (1798 of Rail Infrastructure in India. The first railway line was laid
and 1800), Mysore (1799), Tanjore (October 1799), Awadh between Bombay to Thane in 1853. Great Indian Peninsula
(Nov. 1801), Peshwa (Dec 1802), Bhonsle of Barar (Dec. Railway started the train travel in India. *Main Reason for the
development of railways was to export raw materials from the
1803), Sindhiya (Feb 1804), Jodhpur, Jaipur, Machheri,
inner parts of the country to different Ports of India. Its second
Bundi and Bharatpur. *Lord William Bentinck in July 1828
objective was the swift movement of Army in remote and distant
assumed the office of Governor-General. He took some bold
areas to easily suppress any kind of revolt taking place in any
steps to eliminate evil social practices such as Sati system,
part of the country. *Maximum expansion of Railways took
Female Infanticide etc. On the will of Court of Directors, he
place during 1900 A.D. in the rule of Lord Curzon. *During
tried to adopt neutral policies towards the Princely Indian
Dalhousie a separate Public Work Department was established
States wherever possible. Mismanagement in Jaipur one time and a significant amount was spent on public work through this
grew so high that the British Resident there was attacked body. *With the efforts of Ishwarchand Vidyasagar, Lord
but William Bentinck did not interfere. Similarly, he did not Canning in 1856, passed Widow Remarriage Act. According
interfere in the internal matters of Jodhpur, Bundi, Kota and to section 15 (XV) of this Act, widow remarriage and the
Bhopal when he had enough reasons to do so. Deviating from Child born to that marriage was legalized. Dhondo Keshav
this policy, he merged Mysore in 1831 and provinces of Kurg Karve and Vishnu Shashtri were two propagators of widow
and Kachhar in 1834 into English Empire because of extreme remarriage. Dhondo Keshav in 1899 established a widow
mismanagement prevailing there. *During the seven- year rule Ashram in Poona. *Queen’s Proclamation of 1858 was the
of William Bentinck (1828-35) the old policies of war and most important result of the 1857 revolt. This proclamation was
st
annexation were abandoned. William Bentinck is remembered announced on 1 November, 1858 by Lord Canning at a Court
held in Allahabad. This Act ended the Company rule and put
for his contributions in the field of Administrative and Social
the affairs of India under the direct control of the British Crown.
Reforms. *By the Charter Act of 1833 an attempt was made Lord Canning was made first Viceroy of India. Queen Victoria
place in 1872 during Lord Mayo (1869-72). Proper census Darbar. In this Darbar, the partition of Bengal was abolished
took place in 1881 during Lord Rippon. Lord Mayo (1869- and the announcement was made for the transfer of Capital
72) was killed during an excursion in Andaman and Nicobar from Calcutta to Delhi.
Islands group by a prisoner named Sher Ali Afridi. Mayo was
1. Consider the following statements:
the governor who was killed while holding the office.
In 1876, Lytton became Viceroy and changed his policies 1. Robert Clive was the first Governor-General of
towards Afghanistan. *Vernacular Press Act or Indian Bengal.
Language Newspaper Act, 1878 was passed during Lord 2. William Bentinck was the first Governor-General
Lytton. This Act is also called as Silencing Act. Arsecan Perry of India.
termed this act as a dangerous step towards India’s right to
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
expression. Sri S.C. Banerjee termed this act as lightning
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
from the sky. *Sir P.C. Ilbert who was the law member of
nd
Viceroy executive council, on 2 February, 1883 in Legislative (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Assembly, passed a resolution known as Ilbert Bill. This Bill I.A.S. (Pre) 2007
was aimed at equalizing both European and Indian Judge so Ans. (b)
that Indian judge can hereby try a European convict in various
Under Regulating Act, 1773 the British parliament provided
criminal cases changing the decade-old provision of barring
the system of colonialist government in Bengal. The
Indian civil servants from doing so. This Bill was aimed at
ending any judicial disqualification based on caste. The Bill government consisted of a chairman and four members. The
faced a severe opposition by Britishers as they perceived this Chairman was known as Governor-General. Warren Hastings
as an attack on their privileges. *Lord Rippon is believed was appointed as the first Governor-General of Bengal. Thus
as the most pro-Indian viceroy of British India. He made statement 1 is incorrect.
some lenient laws in favour of women and children employed Charter Act of 1833 was an attempt by the British government
in factories numbering more than 100, this was called as First to centralize the Indian administration. The Governor-
Factory Act, 1881. According to this act, a ban was imposed on General of Bengal was made Governor-General of India by
the employment of children below 7 years in factories and the this Act. Lord William Bentinck was appointed as the first
working hours of children aged 7 to 12 years was reduced to 9 Governor-General of India. Thus, statement 2 is correct.
hours daily and they got 4 leaves in a month. Second Factory
Act, 1891 made week holidays possible. Lord Rippon is known 2. The first Governor-General of India was –
as the father of the local government. Charles Metcalfe (a) Robert Clive (b) Warren Hastings
removed the restrictions on the press, he is also known as the (c) Lord Mayo (d) Lord Dalhousie
liberator of Indian Press. In 1784, Sir William Jones founded R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997
Asiatic Society in Calcutta and steps were taken towards Ans. (*)
Archaeological Survey of India. Alexander Cunningham
was appointed as the First Archaeological Surveyor in 1861. See the explanation of above question.
As per the option following is sequence of events : Lord Warren Hastings was the Governor-General of Bengal
Battle of Buxar 22 October, 1764 at the time of the establishment of Asiatic Society on 15
Clive's re-arrival in India 3 May, 1765 January, 1784 in Calcutta.
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states were- 13. Who among the following was prosecuted for
impeachment by the British Parliament?
1. Company’s struggle for equality with Indian provinces.
(a) Sir John Shore (b) Lord Clive
(1740-1765 AD)
(c) Warren Hastings (d) Lord Bentinck
2. ‘Security cell’ or the policy of siege. (1765-1813 AD)
U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
3. Subordinate separation policy. (1813-1857 AD) U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
4. Subordinate union policy. (1858-1935 AD) Ans. (c)
5. The policy of equal union. (1935-1947 AD)
See the explanation of above question.
9. ‘Ring Fence’ policy is associated with – 14. Who established the judicial organization in India?
(a) Henry Lawrence (b) Dalhousie (a) Lord Mayo (b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Warren Hastings (d) Lord Clive (c) Lord Attlee (d) Lord Curzon
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
Ans. (c) Ans. (b)
See the explanation of above question. Lord Cornwallis introduced criminal and judicial regulation
to a significant degree which is still underpins the Indian
10. Who among the following abolished ‘Dual Government’ Judicial system. Cornwallis gave limited judicial powers
system in Bengal ? to the company’s revenue collectors, who already served
(a) Robert Clive (b) Lord Cornwallis as civil magistrates. In 1790 the company took over the
administration of justice from Nawab and Cornwallis
(c) Warren Hastings (d) None of the above introduced a system of circuit courts with a superior court
41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996 that met in Calcutta and had the power of review over the
47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005 circuit court decision.
Ans. (c) 15. Who among the following Governor-Generals created
The court of directors took the decision in 1772 to abolish the Covenanted Civil Service of India which later came
the dual government system in the tenure of Warren Hastings to be known as the Indian Civil Service?
and ordered council of Calcutta and its chiefs to serve as (a) Warren Hastings (b) Wellesley
Diwan and officiate the administration of Bengal, Bihar, and (c) Cornwallis (d) William Bentinck
Orissa. Warren Hastings dismissed both the deputy Divans I.A.S. (Pre) 2010
Muhammad Raza Khan and Raja Shitab Roy. Ans. (c)
11. The dual system of governance in Bengal was enforced Cornwallis introduced Civil Services in India. After becoming
by : the Governor-General of Bengal, Cornwallis restructured the
(a) Warren Hastings (b) William Bentinck administration and abolished the revenue boards and laid the
(c) Robert Clive (d) Lord Curzon new laws for them. He introduced new policies regarding the
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above personal business of British officers. He exclusively divided
Lord Cornwallis was the Governor-General of Bengal during by to the alliance, then part of its territory was to be taken
1786-1793 and July 30, 1805 to October 5, 1805. He is known
away as a penalty.
for Istamarari or permanent settlement, judicial code and
The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to enter into such an
as promoter of Indian administration services. He died on
alliance. The Nawab of Awadh was next to accept the alliance,
October 5, 1805 at Ghazipur. His grave is situated at Ghazipur.
Maratha ruler Bajirao II also accepted a subsidiary alliance.
18. Between whom was the ‘Treaty of Bassein ‘ signed in Several states like Hyderabad (1798), Tanjore and Mysore
1802 ? (1799), Awadh (1801), Bhonsle (1803), Sindhiya (1804),
(a) English and Bajirao- I Indore (1817) adopted this system.
(b) English and Bajirao- II
(c) French and Bajirao- I 20. Which one of the following statements does not apply to
(d) Dutch and Bajirao- II the system of Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012 Wellesley?
Ans. (b) (a) To maintain a large standing army at other’s expense
The Treaty of Bassein (Now called Vasai) was a pact signed (b) To keep India safe from Napoleonic danger
on December 31, 1802 between the English East India (c) To secure a fixed income for the company
Company and Bajirao II, the Maratha Peshwa of Pune (d) To establish British paramountcy over the Indian States
(Poona) in India after the Battle of Poona. In this treaty, I.A.S. (Pre) 2018
Bajirao-II was restored as Peshwa in Pune with around 60 Ans. (c)
thousand English forces were permanently stationed with Governor-General Lord Wellesly came to India in 1798 at a
the Peshwa to protect him for which 26 lakh was to be paid
time when the British were locked in a life and death struggle
to East India Company.
with France all over the world. The fear of Napoleon haunted
19. First Maratha Sardar to accept the subsidiary the Britishers everywhere. To achieve his political aims,
alliance of Lord Wellesley was- Wellesly relied on the system of Subsidiary Alliance. While
(a) Peshwa Bajirao- II (b) Raghuji Bhosle the practice of helping Indian rulers with a paid British force
(c) Daulat Rao Sciandia (d) None of the above
was quite old, it was given shape by Wellesley who used it
41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996
to sub-ordinate the Indian states to the paramountcy of the
Ans. (a)
company. Under the subsidiary Alliance system, the ruler
The subsidiary alliance system was introduced in India by Lord of the allying state was compelled to accept the permanent
Wellesley. The main principles of a subsidiary alliance were – stationing of a British force within his territory and to pay
1. An Indian ruler entering into a subsidiary alliance with a subsidy for its maintenance. However, to secure a fixed
the British had to accept British forces within his territory income for the company was not under the agenda of the
and also agree to pay for their maintenance. Subsidiary Alliance.
28. Who among the following negotiated Subordinate 31. Anglo-Nepal War took place during the reign of –
Alliances of 1817-18 with the Princely States of (a) Lord Cornwallis (b) Lord Hastings
Rajputana? (c) Lord Wellesley (d) Warren Hastings
(a) David Ochterlony U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
(b) Charles Metcalf Ans. (b)
(c) Arthur Wellesley
The Anglo-Nepal (1814-16) War took place during the reign
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(d) John George of Lord Hastings which came to an end by the Treaty of
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018 Sugauli in 1815.
Ans. (b)
32. The Treaty of Sagauli took place in the year
Lord Hastings (1813-1823) sought to impose British
(a) 1800 A.D. (b) 1803 A.D.
Paramountcy in India for which suppression of the Marathas
(c) 1805 A.D. (d) 1815 A.D.
and the Pindaris was essential. He looked upon the Rajputana Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
states as his natural allies against the Marathas and the Ans. (d)
Pindaris. Charles Metcalf was entrusted with the duty of
See the explanation of above question.
negotiating alliances with princely states of Rajputana.
33. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly
29. At a time when empires in Europe were crumbling matched?
before the might of Napoleon, which one of the (a) Hector Munro : Battle of Buxar
following Governors-General kept the British flag (b) Lord Hastings : Anglo-Nepal War
flying high in India? (c) Lord Wellesley : Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(d) Lord Cornwallis : Third Anglo-Maratha War
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Lord Cornwallis
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
(c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord Hastings
Ans. (d)
I.A.S. (Pre) 1999
The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-18) took place in
Ans. (c)
the reign of Lord Hastings not during the reign of Lord
Lord Wellesley moved to India in 1797, which was the darkest Cornwallis. Thus option (d) is not correctly matched. The
period of British. The front made of European powers against fourth Anglo-Mysore war took place in the reign of Lord
France had been disbanded. Napoleon had conquered Egypt Wellesley, and Anglo-Nepal War took place in the reign of
and Syria and was seriously thinking about attacking India. Lord Hastings while the Battle of Buxar was fought under
the leadership of Hector Munro.
In that condition, Lord Wellesley used a subsidiary alliance
in India, which helped to establish the sovereignty of the 34. Third Anglo-Maratha war is related to-
British and the fear of Napoleon was averted. (a) Sir John Shore (b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord Hastings (d) Lord Cornwallis
30. The revolt of Vellore occur during the regime of which U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (c)
Governor?
(a) Wellesley (b) Lord Minto Third Anglo-Maratha (1817-18) war is related to Lord
(c) Lord Cornwallis (d) Sir George Barlow Hastings. After losing the war of Koregaon and Khirki
Peshwa Bajirao II surrendered in front of British in February,
(e) None of these
In Ryotwari System every registered holder of land is 39. Who among the following was associated with
recognised as a proprietor of land and is held responsible for suppression of thugs?
direct payment of land revenue to the state. In the Madras (a) General Henry Prendergast
presidency, the first land revenue settlement was made in the (b) Captain Sleeman
Baramahal district after its acquisition by the company in 1792. (c) Alexander Burres
Capt. Reed assisted by Thomas Munro fixed the state demand (d) Captain Robert Pemberton
on the basis of 50% of the estimated produce of the fields. I.A.S. (Pre) 1997
Later on when Thomas Munro became Governor of Madras Ans. (b)
(1820-27), he extended the Ryotwari system to all parts of the The thugs included the followers of both Hindu and Muslim
province (except the permanently settled areas) on the basis religion. They used to worship Kali, Durga or Bhavani. They
of 1/3rd of the gross produce of the holding. A permanent used to cut the head and offer it as a sacrifice in the feet of the
settlement was introduced by lord Cornwallis in 1793. goddess. Lord William appointed Captain Sleeman to take
37. On the basis of alleged maladministration which action against these thugs. He arrested 1500 thugs, many
Governor-General had taken the administration of of them were hanged, and rest of them were banished for a
Mysore state? lifetime. By1837 A.D., the organized thugs came to an end.
(a) Lord Wellesley (b) Lord Hastings
40. Under whose leadership was the suppression of Thugs
(c) Lord William Bentinck (d) Lord Harding
achieved?
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2003 (a) Lord Clive (b) Captain Sleeman
Ans. (c) (c) Lord Minto (d) Alexander Burnes
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Lord William Bentinck took charge of Governor-General in
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
July, 1828. He made effective efforts to abolish Sati system,
Ans. (b)
infanticide and established peace in the country by ending
the social evils. According to the wishes of the ‘Court of See the explanation of above question.
among highly reputed Brahmins, Kshatriya and Rajputs. Few 45. Awadh was annexed to British Empire in India by :
conscious rulers of India also tried to abolish this system, (a) Policy of subsidiary alliance
Akbar was one of them. Marathas entirely abolished this (b) Doctrine of Lapse
system in the state. Portuguese and French also tried to (c) By declaring the State as maladministered
abolish this system in Goa and Chandranagar respectively. It (d) By waging war
was Raja Ram Mohan Roy who started his campaign against U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
Sati practice. The Bengal Sati Regulation, or Regulation U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
XVII (17), A.D. 1829 of the Bengal Code was a legal act U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
promulgated in British India under East India Company rule Ans. (c)
by the then Governor-General Lord William Bentinck which
Lord Dalhousie efficiently made the plan and accused Nawab
banned the practice of Sati system.
of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah for maladministration and merged
his state in the British Empire on February 13, 1856. He
42. In which year Sati System was abolished by William
sent his officer to inquire the ground reality who sent him
Bentinck?
a detailed report regarding maladministration. He sent that
(a) 1825 A.D. (b) 1827 A.D.
report to London to obtain permission to merge the Awadh.
(c) 1829 A.D. (d) 1830 A.D.
Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) merged Satara in 1848, Jaitpur
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 and Sambalpur in 1849, Bhagat in 1850, Udaipur in 1852,
Ans. (c) Jhansi in 1853, Karauli in 1855 and Nagpur in 1854 under
See the explanation of above question. the principle of Doctrine of Lapse.
46. Consider the annexation of the following States under
43. ‘Hill Assembly Plan’ was set up for the development
'Doctrine of Lapse' and arrange them into chronolog-
of Adivasi by
ical order :
(a) T. Wilkinson (b) Cleveland 1. Satara 2. Jhansi
(c) Lord William Bentinck (d) Lord Macaulay 3. Baghat 4. Udaipur
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Ans. (b) Codes:
‘Hill Assembly Plan’ was set up for the development of (a) 1, 4, 3, 2 (b) 3, 1, 2, 4
Adivasi by Cleveland. He placed the entire range of hills (c) 1, 3, 4, 2 (d) 2, 4, 1, 3
inhabited by Pahariyas under a uniform administration of U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019
Hill assembly under hereditary hill chiefs, called sardars. The Ans (c)
assembly met twice a year and had wide powers including that See the explanation of above question.
The states annexed by the application of the Doctrine of See the explanation of above question.
Lapse under Lord Dalhousie were Satara (1848), Jaitpur and 63. The first railway line in India was started in the year-
Sambhalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (a) 1853 (b) 1850
(1853) and Nagpur (1854). (c) 1840 (d) 1890
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
59. Which of the following Princely States was not annexed
Ans. (a)
by the British?
See the explanation of above question.
(a) Sind (b) Gwalior
(c) Awadh (d) Satara 64. Which company started the First Railway Service in
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above India?
(a) Eastern Railway
63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
(b) Great Indian Peninsula Railway
Ans (b) (c) Madras Railway
Gwalior was not annexed by the British. (d) Awadh-Tirhut Railway
st
territory. The Viceroy of India at that time was Lord Dufferin. Canning on 1 November, 1858 at –
66. Public Works Department was organized in 1845-1855 (a) Allahabad (b) Calcutta
by – (c) Bombay (d) Madras
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Lord Cornwallis U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
(c) George Auckland (d) Warren Hastings Ans. (a)
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (a)
71. The right to adopt heir in place of own son was re-
Before Lord Dalhousie, the works of public construction
established by –
was under the army board. The public works department
(a) Government of India Act of 1858
was set up for the first time in 1845-1855 in the period of
(b) Lord Canning
Lord Dalhousie.
(c) Release of Charter in 1860
67. In whose rule the Widow Remarriage Act was (d) Queen’s announcement of 1858
implemented in – U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Lord Canning Ans. (d)
(c) Sir Henry Harding (d) Lord Lawrence
Queen Victoria’s manifesto was read out in a Durbar held by
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003
Lord Canning at Allahabad on November 1, 1858, which widely
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
changed the policy towards native Indian estates and enabled
Ans. (b)
them to be used for rescue on the occurrence of any crisis. The
The Widow Remarriage Act was passed in 1856 during the policy of conquest and annexation was fully abolished and the
period of Lord Canning by the extraordinary effort of Ishwar rulers of native states were permitted to adopt heir.
Chandra Vidyasagar, an important figure of the Bengal
72. Queen Victoria was appointed the Empress of India in –
Renaissance. Under the term 15 (XV) of the Act Widow
Marriage was presumed legalized and the children born after (a) 1858 (b) 1876
the marriage were declared legal. (c) 1877 (d) 1885
38th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1992
68. Queen Victoria’s manifesto was read out in Allahabad Ans. (c)
on November 1, 1858 by –
(a) Lord William Bentinck (b) Lord Canning Queen Victoria was appointed the Empress of India in 1877.
(c) Lord Burnham (d) Sir Harcourt Butler 73. Which Governor General had abolished slavery ?
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001 (a) Lord Cornwallis (b) Lord Ellenborough
Ans. (b) (c) Lord William Bentinck (d) Sir John Shore
Ans. (a)
Maratha War (1817-18) took place in the reign of Lord
Lord Cornwallis implemented Permanent Settlement System Hastings. After defeating Marathas in third Anglo-Maratha
in 1793 while masterly inactivity is related to John Lawrence, War, Lord Hastings abolished the title of Peshwa and merged
Subsidiary Alliance to Lord Wellesley, and Doctrine of Lapse all the regions of Peshwa in Bombay presidency. Apart
is related to Lord Dalhousie. A.O Hume founded Indian from this, the Company took over the political authority of
Nation Congress on December 28, 1885 during the tenure Bundelkhand, Malwa and rest of India ( Peshwa dominating
of Lord Dufferin (1884-88). regions). Other three options are correctly matched.
75. Who had merged Sikkim in India? 79. When was Peshwaship abolished?
(a) Lord Hastings (a) In 1858 (b) In 1818
(b) Lord William Bentinck
(c) In 1861 (d) In 1802
(c) Lord Dalhousie
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
(d) Lord Auckland
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020 Ans. (b)
Ans (c) See the explanation of above question.
Sikkim was a small capital between Nepal & Bhutan. Lord
80. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly
Dalhousie annexed part of Sikkim, like Darjeeling & other far
matched?
away areas on the pretext that Sikkim king has misbehaved
(a) Local self government - Lord Lytton
with two English doctors.
(b) Subsidiary Alliance - Lord Wellesley
76. Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched? (c) Doctrine of Lapse - Lord Dalhousie
(a) Lord Cornwallis - Permanent Settlement (d) Permanent Settlement - Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Wellesley - Subsidiary Alliance
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. 2017
(c) Lord Dalhousie - Doctrine of Lapse
Ans. (a)
(d) Lord Canning - Masterly Inactivity
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998 Government resolution on local self-government was
Ans. (d) introduced during the tenure of Lord Ripon in 1882. Lord
Ripon is also known as the ‘Father of local self-government’.
See the explanation of above question.
Rest of the options are correctly matched.
77. ‘Permanent Settlement’ was introduced during the
tenure of – 81. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Warren Hastings (b) Lord Cornwallis (a) Lord Cornwallis: Permanent Settlement
(c) Sir John Shore (d) Lord Wellesley (b) Lord Wellesley: Subsidiary Alliance System
Andaman and Nicobar island when he was out for a walk. (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Surendranath Banerjee
He was the first Governor-General killed, during his tenure. (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Rashbehari Bose
89. Which viceroy was murdered in his tenure? (c) Syed Hussain Bilgrami and Surendranath banerjee
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Mayo (d) Syed Hussain Bilgrami & Justice Gurudas Banerjee
(c) Lord Ripon (d) Lord Wellesley (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020
Ans. (b) Ans (d)
See the explanation of above question. Indian University Commission was appointed in 1902 by
the instruction of Lord Curzon. It was intended to make
90. The Governor-General who followed a spirited recommendations for the reforms in University education in
“Forward” policy towards Afghanistan was: India. Commission was led by Law member Thomas Raleigh
and included among its members Syed Hussain Bilgrami &
(a) Minto (b) Dufferin
Justice Gurdas Banerjee.
(c) Elgin (d) Lytton
I.A.S. (Pre) 1999 94. Who established Imperial Cadet Corps?
Ans. (d) (a) Lord Minto (b) Lord Curzon
(c) Lord Lytton (d) Lord Ripon
Lord Lytton was appointed Viceroy in 1876 by Conservative
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. He preferred to follow the
63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
‘Forward Policy’ and replaced ‘Masterly inactivity’ policy.
Ans (b)
91. Which among the following viceroy’s period the title
Imperial Cadet Corps was established after its approval from
of ‘Rai Bahadur’ and ‘Khan Bahadur’ began to confer
the Secretary of State for India in November 1901. It was
to Indian?
(a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Lytton formed under the direct surveillance of Lord Curzon. Major
(c) Lord Mayo (d) Lord Dufferin DH Cameroon was its commandant and Maharaja Pratap
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above Singh of Idar was made its honorary Commandant.
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
95. Local Self-Government institutions in India were
Ans. (e)
strengthened in 1882 by :
During 1857 revolt, for suppressing the revolt native rulers (a) George Barlow (b) Lord Rippon
Zamindars and other loyals were conferred with this title. (c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Lytton
There are shreds of evidence that this title were conferred U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
in 1859 and 1860. Ans. (b)
his retirement from the army in 1861, he was appointed as Establishment of Indian National Congress (1885) was an
archaeological surveyor to the government of India. important event of lord Dufferin’s (1884-88) tenure as Viceory.
He initially called congress as representative of “microscopic
107. The Archaeological Survey of India was established minority” and did not take congress much seriously.
during the period of
111. Who among the following Governor-Generals ridiculed
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Wellesley
Congress as representing only a ‘microscopic minority’
(c) Lord William Bentinck (d) Warren Hastings
of people?
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010
(a) Lord Dufferin (b) Lord Curzon
Ans. (a) (c) Lord Minto (d) Lord Lansdown
See the explanation of above question. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (a)
108. Who among the following established the Department
See the explanation of above question.
of Archaeological Survey?
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Minto 112. Who compared Curzon’s administration in India to
(c) Lord Hardinge (d) Lord Chelmsford that of Aurangzeb?
Chhattisagarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 (a) B.G. Tilak (b) G.K. Gokhale
Ans. (a) (c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Annie Besant
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
See the explanation of the above question. Ans. (b)
109. During the tenure of which Governor-General was the Gopal Krishna Gokhale compared Lord Curzon’s
‘Ancient Monuments Preservation Act’ passed - administration in India to that of Aurangzeb.
(a) Lord Minto (b) Lord Linlithgow
113. “In my belief, Congress is to tottering to its fall and
(c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Canning
one of my great ambitions while in India is to assist it
U.P.U.D.A/L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010
to a peaceful demise.” Who wrote it?
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
(a) Lord Lytton (b) Lord Dufferin
Ans. (c) (c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Minto
The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904 was passed (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
in 1904 in British India during the period of Governor- 60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
General Lord Curzon. It was expedient to provide for the Ans. (c)
preservation of ancient monuments, for the exercise of control Curzon’s (1899-1905) seven-year rule in India was full
over traffic in antiquities and over-excavation in certain of missions, commissions and omissions. He refused to
places, and for the protection and acquisition in certain cases recognise India as a nation and insulted Indian nationalists by
debt raised abroad, Civil and Military charges, store purchases economists as ‘drain’ of wealth from India. Before 1813
in England etc. company had a recurring surplus which accrued from (a) profits
*Interest and profit on private foreign capital were another from oppressive land revenue policy (b) profits from its trade
important leakage from the National Income System. resulting from monopolistic control over Indian markets and
*For banking, insurance and shipping services India had to (c) exactions made by the company’s officials. The surplus
make huge payments. was used by the Company as an “investment”, i.e. for making
*In British India a term Imperial Preference was often used for a purchase of exportable items in India and elsewhere. Against
the concessions granted to British Imports in India. According the exports of goods made out of this investment, India did not
to this, almost nil charge was levied on British Imports but receive anything in return. This system was brought to an end by
Indian Exports were charged heavily in Britain. *Strong the charter act of 1813. *From 1813 onwards economic drain
preference to invest in land property by the rich class of India took the form of ‘unrequited’ exports. Baring a few exceptional
during British Rule proved detrimental for the development of years, a favourable balance of trade had been the normal feature
Industries as they were low on Capital Investments. *In 1793 of our foreign trade till the outbreak of World War II. Dadabhai
Cornwallis started Permanent Settlement of Land Revenue. Naoroji described the drain of wealth as the “evil of all evils”
Permanent Settlement was called by different names such as and the main cause of Indian poverty. *Dadabhai Naoroji was
Istamrari, Jagirdari, Malgujari and Bishvedari. This system the first and most important propounder of the Drain of Wealth
was launched in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Varanasi of U.P. and theory. He with his articles and books ‘England debt to India’
northern Karnataka. 19% of British India was under Permanent (paper), ‘Poverty and Unbritish rule in India’, ‘The wants and
Settlement. A new section of Zamindars was announced as means of India’ and ‘On the commerce of India’ propounded
landowners who were to provide 10/11 of the total revenue his Drain of wealth theory.
to Company and were paid the rest 1/11 of the total revenue *Ramesh Chandra Dutt also emphasized the drain of wealth
for their duties. In the Permanent Settlement, Zamindars were theory. He in his Article ‘Economic History of India’ proposed
small capitalist. that the half of annual GDP of India is being outflowed every
*Ryotwari system started by Thomas Munro and Alexander year. *Indian National Congress in 1896 accepted the Drain
Reed in Baramahal district of Tamil Nadu was another type Theory in Calcutta session and announced that the real cause
of Land Settlement. Later on, this system spread to Madras, for frequent famines and the poverty of Indian nationals is the
some parts of Bombay, East Bengal, Assam and Kurg (a part ongoing Drain of Wealth for the previous 100 years. *Syed
of modern Karnataka). Ahmad Khan was loyal towards British Rule and he believed
*According to this system the Ryots were given the ownership that the development of Muslim Community could take place
and rights to occupy the lands and they were required to pay the with British government only. *Dadabhai Naoroji (1825-1917)
make handicraft products which were not just cheap but also
settlement, Ryotwari & Mahal- wari. Permanent settlement
of good quality which lead to downfall in demand of Indian
handicraft products in domestic market too. Already they was introduced in Bengal, Bihar, Odisha & Varanasi of
were unable to sell Indian goods at Britain because of high U.P. Under this system 19% area of entire British India was
tariffs. All this led to ruins of Indian handicrafts. included. Ryotwari (approx. 51% area) system was in Madras,
some parts of Mumbai, Eastern Bengal, Assam, Kurg.
7. Who introduced Ist-e-Marari settlement?
Mahalwari (30% area) system was in U.P, Central Province,
(a) Wellesley (b) Warren Hastings
(c) Lord Cornwallis (d) Lord Dufferin Punjab. Hence it is clear that because of this, different classes
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991 were created in Indian peasantry. Hence option (a) is correct.
Ans. (c)
9. The Permanent Settlement was introduced by
The Permanent Settlement (1793 AD) introduced by Lord (a) Lord Hastings (b) Lord Cornwallis
Cornwallis and also known as Permanent Settlement of (c) Lord Curzon (d) Loa William Bentinck
Bengal was an agreement between East India Company U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from the U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007
land. It is also known as Ist-e-Marari, Jagirdari, Maalguzari, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
Bishvedari etc. Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
The Permanent Settlement of Bengal stood on the following
Ans. (b)
features -
It recognized the landlords as the proprietors of the land. It See the explanation of above question.
also recognized the rights of a hereditary successor or lawful
successors of the landlords. The government believed that 10. Permanent Settlement was made with
these landlords would remain faithful to the British. (a) Landlords (b) Peasants
The landlords were given the right to transfer or sell their land. (c) Workers (d) Traders
All the rights of the landlords depended on their payment M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
of the fixed revenue on the fixed date at the treasury of the Ans. (a)
government. All their rights ended if they failed to pay.
The total amount of revenue to be paid by each landlord for See the explanation of above question.
his Zamindari was fixed once for all.
It was agreed that the tax rate would not increase in the future. 11. The ‘Permanent Settlement’ was made with –
(a) Zamindars (b) Village communities
8. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as (c) Muqaddamas (d) Peasants
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) : 53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
Assertion (A) : The British Government introduced Ans. (a)
different land revenue system in differ
See the explanation of above question.
ent part of India.
See the explanation of above question. 17. Permanent Settlement and Ryotwari System of land
revenue introduced respectively in :
13. Permanent Settlement of Lord Cornwallis was (a) Bengal and Madras (b) Madras and Punjab
introduced in the year. (c) Madras and Bengal (d) Punjab and Bengal
(a) 1787 A.D. (b) 1789 A.D. Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021
(c) 1790 A.D. (d) 1793 A.D. Ans (a)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 Permanent settlement was introduced in Bengal, Bihar,
Ans. (d) Odisha and Varanasi of U.P. while Ryotwari system was in
Madras, some parts of Mumbai, Eastern Bengal, Assam,
See the explanation of above question. Kurg.
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14. The tendency for increased litigation was visible after 18. Fill in the blank:
the introduction of the land settlement system of Lord In ......... the rights of the tenants on land in Bengal and
Cornwallis in 1793. The reason for this is normally Bihar were given by the Bengal Tenancy Act.
traced to which of the following provisions? (a) 1885 (b) 1886
(a) Making Zamindar’s position stronger vis-a-vis the ryot (c) 1889 (d) 1900
(b) Making East IndiaCompany an overlord of Zamindars 56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015
(c) Making judicial system more efficient Ans. (a)
(d) None of the above statements (a), (b) and (c) is correct. In 1793, Lord Cornwallis introduced permanent settlement
I.A.S. (Pre) 2011 which in turn provided many rights to landlords. By the 19th
Ans. (d) century, the demand for land increased and hence landlords
See the explanation of above question. increased the rent of the land which resulted in a revolt
by peasants. During this time, the government of Bengal
15. Under the Permanent Settlement, 1793, the Zamindars introduced the Bengal and Bihar Tenancy Act 1885, which
were required to issue pattas to the farmer which were described the rights of landlords and tenants.
not issued by many of the Zamindars. The reason was:
(a) the Zamindars were trusted by the farmers 19. Sir Thomas Munro is associated with the land revenue
(b) there was no officials check upon the Zamindars settlement:
(c) it was the responsibility of the British government (a) Permanent Settlement
(d) the farmers were not interested in getting pattas (b) Mahalwari Settlement
I.A.S. (Pre) 2001 (c) Ryotwari Settlement
Ans. (b) (d) None of the above
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
The reason for not issuing pattas by many Zamindars was Ans. (c)
that there were no officials check on Zamindars in permanent
Ryotwari System was the second system of collection of land
settlement of 1793. They were only required to give 10/11th
revenue after Permanent Settlement. Thomas Munro and Captain
(89%) part of the revenue collection to the officials.
Reed who were the founder of this system first introduced it
16. Which one of the following is correct about the in Baramahal district (Tamilnadu). After that, this system was
permanent settlement introduced in Bihar. introduced in Madras, Eastern Bengal, Assam, Coorgh and some
(a) The Zamindars were deprived of the ownership of the areas of Bombay. In Ryotwari System, the ownership rights were
land.
transferred to the peasants. British government collected taxes
(b) The right of ownership of land was made hereditary
and transferable for the Zamindars. directly from the peasants. 51% of British occupied Indian area
(c) Land revenue was constitutionalised was included in this system. The high rate of taxes and strictness
opportunity to invest in India under the protection of of India Act, 1833 the process of deindustrialization
was aggravated as it ended the activities of British East
the imperial power.
India Company as a trade body and it became a purely
(d) That the British goods was being imported to the
administrative body. In particular, the Company lost its
country making it miserable day by day.
monopoly on trade with China and other parts of the far East.
I.A.S. (Pre) 1993
Ans. (b) 31. Which of the following propounded the ‘Drain
Theory’?
Dadabhai Naoroji known as Grand Old Man of India, focused
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
on the drain of wealth from India to England through colonial
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
rule. One of the reasons that the ‘Drain Theory’ is attributed
(c) Lokmanya Tilak
to Naoroji was his decision to estimate the national net profit
(d) Madan Mohan Malviya
of India.
Uttrakhand U.D.A./LDA (Mains) 2007
Dadabhai Naoroji gave some factors that caused the external
Ans. (a)
drain. These were:
ÂExternal rule and administration in India. See the explanation of above question.
ÂAll the civil administration and army expenses of Britain
32. Who of the following were economic critic/critics of
were paid by India.
colonialism in India?
ÂA part of India’s national wealth was transferred to
1. Dadabhai Naoroji
England for which India got no returns. India was bearing 2. G. Subramania Iyer
the burden of territory building both inside and outside 3. R. C. Dutt
India. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
29. Who is the exponent of the Theory of “Economic (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
Drain” of India during the British Rule? (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) M.N. Roy (b) Jai Prakash Narayan I.A.S. (Pre) 2015
Ans. (d)
(c) Rammanohar Lohiya (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004 During 1870 to 1905, many Indian intellectuals analyzed the
economic aspect of the British rule in India, namely Dadabhai
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
Naoroji, Govind Ranadey, and ICS officer Ramesh Chandra
Ans. (d) Datta. They wrote the economic history of India. Many other
intellectuals also analyzed the economy of India like G.V.
See the explanation of the above question.
Joshi, G. Subramania Iyer, Gopal Krishna Gokhale,
sweeping away both Hindu spinner and weaver, dissolved May, 1857. Symbol of the 1857 revolt was Lotus and Roti
these small, semi-barbarian, semi-civilized communities (Bread). *Khan Bahadur, the former ruler of Ruhelkhand, led
by blowing up their economic basis and thus produced the
the Revolt from Bareilly. He was appointed as the Viceroy by
greatest social revolution in Asia.
Mughal King Bahadur Shah II.
39. What is the total percentage of Central revenue spent th
*Rani Lakshmi Bai (Manikarnika) was born on 19 November
on Military force in British India?
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Revolt of 1857 the revolt began in Jhansi under the leadership of Rani Laxmi
th
Bai. She died on 17 June, 1858 fighting General Hugh Henry
*In December 1856, the British Government decided to replace Rose. On her death, Huge Rose said, “Among the Indian
the old iron made Brown Bess (musket gun) with new and revolutionaries the women lying here is the only man.”
advanced Enfield Rifle. Dum Dum, Ambala and Sialkot were *Revolt in Lucknow began under the leadership of Begam
th
decided the place for the trials of the new Gun. The Rifle Hazrat Mahal on 30 May, 1857. She declared her minor son
required the biting of the upper part of the cartridge by mouth. In Bijris Kadir as Nawab and took to all affairs of the Lucknow
st
January 1857, rumours spread that the cartridge contains fats of to herself. On 21 March, 1858, Campbell with the help of
th
Gurkha Regiment regained Lucknow. *On June 5 1857, Nana
cow and pig. Army officers without any investigation dismissed
Shaheb (Nana Dhondho Pant) was declared Peshwa and the
the rumours as fake news. But the soldiers believed this new
war of independence started in Kanpur. He was helped a lot
Rifle is an attempt to destroy their religions by the Britishers. by Commander-in-Chief Tatya Tope who was called as the
It became the immediate reason for the Revolt of 1857. On Ambassador of Revolt. The original name of Tatya Tope was
th
29 March, 1857 soldiers of Barrakpore refused to use the fat- Ramchandra Pandurang. After being betrayed by a close
containing cartridges and, Mangal Pandey attacked and killed friend Man Singh, he was captured when he was camping in a
Sergeant Major of his unit at Barrakpore. *Main reason of the forest. From there he was brought to Shivpuri where a Court on
th
Revolt of 1857 was the exploitative policies of Britishers and 18 April, 1859 sentenced him to be hanged till death.
it was the outflow of all the dissents and grievances of Indians *Kunwar Singh led the revolt from Jagdishpur, Bihar. He
was from Shahabad district (currently Bhojpur district) Bihar.
all of a sudden as an explosion in Volcano.
*Deewan Maniram Dutt in Assam declared Kandpeshwar
*Anglo-Indian historians believed the Soldier’s discontentment
Singh the grandson of the last king as the king and started the
and the fat-containing cartridges as the main and important revolt of 1857 there. But soon after Maniram Dutt was caught
reason for the Revolt of 1857. But modern historians proved and hanged for the promotional activities of revolt.
this as only a reason followed by several other reasons. The *Thakur Kushal Singh of Auwa defeated the combined army
fat-containing cartridges were just a spark which started the of English and Jodhpur. *Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah provided
Kashmir and other kings were actively helping the Britishers soldiers were recruited more from Gorkha, Sikh and Punjab
in suppressing the revolts. To these rulers, Governor-General province. *John Bennet Hearsey was the commanding officer
Canning said, : These rulers acted as barriers against the of Barrakpore when Revolt of 1857 broke there.
high and fast-moving wave of seas, in the absence of which *Viscount Palmerston was the then Prime Minister of England.
we would have washed out from India completely. The His tenure as Prime Minister was from 1855 to 1858 and 1859
Educated Class didn’t show any interest in the Revolt of 1857 to 1865.
which was one of the major cause of the failure of this Revolt. *The Revolt was poorly organized with no coordination or
*Lord Canning (1856-62) was the Governor-General during central leadership. The Mutineers lacked a clear understanding
the revolt of 1857. During the Revolt, he made Allahabad as an of Colonial Rule, nor did they have a forward- looking
emergency headquarter. Lord Canning was the last Governor- programme, a coherent ideology, a political perspective or
General appointed by the Company and was the first Viceroy societal alternatives. The Lack of unity among Indians proved
appointed by the British King. *Under the judicial reforms, detrimental for this Revolt. Modern Nationalism was not known
Canning through Indian High Court Act established High to them at that time which led to everyone fighting for their
Courts at Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Under the social own interest and not for the nation.
th
reforms Canning passed Widow Remarriage Act, 1856. The *General John Nicolas died on 14 September, 1857 trying to
Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 is known as First War of Independence recapture Delhi. Sir Henry Lawrence, Major General Harlock
in India and as an Indian Mutiny in England. *Sir Syed and General Neil died in Lucknow in 1857 revolt protecting
Ahmed Khan wrote Asbab-Ae-Baghawat-Ae-Hind which British Residency. Sir James Outram and W. Taylor termed
was published in 1859.* R.C Majumdar was appointed by
Government of India to write on the Revolt of 1857, but due the Revolt of 1857 as a result of a conspiracy of Hindu and
to differences with the government committee he rejected this Muslim.Outram said This was Muslim conspiracy in which
proposal, and he published his book “The Sepoy Mutiny and the Hindu’s concerns were used for the Revolt. It was only
Ans. (b)
Batta) when serving in Sindh or Punjab and rumours of the
The Company decided to use new Enfield Rifle instead of use of animal fat in the cartridges of the New Enfield Rifle.
old Brown Bess gun in December, 1856. The training for the 4. Mangal Pandey incident took place at:
use of this rifle was organized in Dum Dum, Ambala, and (a) Meerut (b) Barrackpore
Sialkot. The rifle needed an extraordinary kind of loading (c) Ambala (d) Lucknow
of a cartridge in the magazine and hence the soldiers while Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
in the ensuing fight, had to bite off the outer covering of the Ans. (b)
cartridge while loading it down into the rifle’s muzzle. The
Soldiers denied to use a cartridge of animal fat in Barrackpore
cartridge was rumoured to have been greased with animal
29 March, 1857 and Mangal Pandey murdered his adjutant.
fat (Pig fat and Cow fat). Army Commanders refused
British dissolved 34th N.I. Regiment and punished the culprits.
rumours without any cross-checking, but the soldiers were
of the view that this was an intentional act of the British to 5. With which uprising is Mangal Pandey associated?
besmirch their religion. This became the immediate cause (a) Barrackpur (b) Meerut
first Independence Struggle of India in 1857. (c) Delhi (d) None of the above
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
2. The immediate cause of India’s first war of Ans. (a)
independence was:
See the explanation of above question.
(a) Doctrine of Lapse by Lord Dalhousie
(b) Suspicion about British interference in religion 6. Mangal Pandey was the sepoy of –
(a) 19th Native Infantry (b) 25th Native Infantry
(c) Military discontent
(c) 49th Native Infantry (d) 94th Native Infantry
(d) Economic exploitation of India
U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1993 Ans. (*)
Ans. (b)
Mangal Pandey was a sepoy of 34th Bengal Native Infantry.
See the explanation of above question.
7. Who among the following was bestowed with the title
3. Which of the following was not a reason for making of Saheb-e-Alam Bahadur by Bahadur Shah during
the sepoys of the East India Company rebellious? the uprising of 1857?
(a) The efforts of the officers of the company to spread
(a) Azimullah (b) Birjis Qadr
Christianity
(c) Bakht Khan (d) Hasan Khan
(b) The order to the sepoys to travel on ships
U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016
(c) The stoppage of Bhatta Ans. (c)
Ans. (c) The revolt was started on 30 May, 1857 in Oudh (Lucknow).
The mutiny was led by Begum Hazrat Mahal. She crowned
Rani Laxmibai, originally known as Manikarnika, was
her minor son Birjis Qadir as royal heir and took charge of
born on 19 November, 1835 in Golghar, Varanasi. His
the affair of the state of Oudh. Later British General Campbell
father Moropant went to the court of King Gangadhar Rao.
reannexed Lucknow with the help of Gorkha regiment on
Laxmibai was only 13 years old at that time. She was married
21 March, 1858.
to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao of Jhansi at the age of 14.
20. The revolutionary woman who led the revolution of
16. Who among the following was the leader of the revolt
1857 in Oudh was
during 1857 at Bareilly?
(a) Lakshmibai (b) Ahilyabai
(a) Khan Bahadur (b) Kunwar Singh
(c) Aruna Asaf Ali (d) Begum Hazrat Mahal
(c) Maulvi Ahmad Shah (d) Virzis Kadir
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998
Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
See the explanation of above question.
Khan Bahadur, the successor of Rohilkhand, led the revolt
of 1857 in Bareilly. He organized an army of 40 thousand 21. Who was the leader of 1857 struggle for freedom in
soldiers and battled hard with Britishers. Bahadur Shah II Lucknow?
appointed him Viceroy. He treated Hindus and Muslims (a) Zeenat Mahal (b) Nana Saheb
equally and reflected his able administratorship. (c) Hazrat Mahal (d) Tatya Tope
U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015
17. Where is the Samadhi of Maharani Laxmibai situated?
Ans. (c)
(a) Mandla (b) Mandu
(c) Jabalpur (d) Gwalior See the explanation of above question.
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 22. Who amongst the following was the leader of the 1857
Ans. (d) uprising at Allahabad?
The birthplace of Maharani Laxmibai was Varanasi while (a) Nana Saheb (b) Azimullah
mausoleum of Laxmibai is situated in Gwalior. (c) Tatya Tope (d) Maulvi Liyaqat Ali
occupied Arrah, the district headquarters. Major Vincent 33. Who led the 1857 Revolt in Bihar?
Eyre relieved the town on 3rd August, defeated Kunwar (a) Babu Amar Singh
Singh’s force and destroyed Jagdishpur. Kunwar Singh left (b) Hare Krishna Singh
his ancestral village and reached Lucknow in December (c) Kunwar Singh
1857. In March 1858, he occupied Azamgarh. However, he (d) Raja Shahzada Singh
had to leave the place soon. He was pursued by Brigadier (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Douglas, and he retreated towards his home in Bihar. On 65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
Ans. (c)
23 April, Kunwar Singh had a victory near Jagdishpur
over the force led by Captain Le Grand, but the following See the explanation of above question.
day he died in his village. The mantle of the old chief now
34. Who led the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar?
fell on his brother Amar Singh who, despite heavy odds,
(a) Khan Bahadur Khan (b) Kunwar Singh
continued the struggle and for a considerable time ran a
(c) Tatya Tope (d) Rani Ramkunvari
parallel government in the district of Shahabad. In October 48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
1859 Amar Singh joined the rebel leaders in the Nepal Terai. 42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997
Ans. (b)
29. Who spearheaded the 1857 Revolt in Bihar ?
(a) Nana Saheb (b) Tatya Tope See the explanation of above question
(c) Kunwar Singh (d) Maulavi Ahmadullah
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above 35. The Mutiny of 1857 at Patna was led by a dynamic old
66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020 person known as
Ans (c) (a) Hyder Ali Khan (b) Rajput Kunwar Singh
(c) Judhar Singh (d) Kusal Singh
See the explanation of above question. 43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
30. Where did Kunwar Singh join the Rebellion of 1857 Ans. (b)
against the British? The mutiny of 1857 at Patna was led by Zamindar Kunwar
(a) Arrah (b) Patna Singh. He lost his Zamindari due to British policies, as a
(c) Bettiah (d) Varanasi result, he participated in 1857 revolt.
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018 36. Who among the following was the leader of the
Ans. (a) revolution of 1857 in Assam?
(a) Diwan Maniram Dutta (b) Kandarpeshwar Singh
According to BPSC the correct answer is option (b) which
(c) Purandar Singh (d) Piali Barua
is wrong. For the detailed explanation refer to the above U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
question. Ans. (a)
Bhagat Singh was not related to the revolt of 1857 while Rani Select your answer from the following codes :
Laxmibai, Bahadur Shah Zafar and Tatya Tope participated (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
in the revolt of 1857 as rebel leaders. (c) Only 2 (d) 2 and 4
40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
48. Who among the following was not related to the Revolt
Ans. (d)
of 1857?
(a) Begum Hazrat Mahal (b) Kunwar Singh The revolt of 1857 was widespread and this rebellion had
(c) Uddham Singh (d) Maulavi Ahmadullah the popular support of the public. But it was suppressed to
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996 a greater extent. It was spread in limited areas. The entire
Ans. (c) South India, Punjab and the territory towards its north and
west, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh remained out
Uddham Singh was not related to the Revolt of 1857. He was
from the revolt. Many native rulers like the rulers of Patiala,
a revolutionary of Punjab. Kunwar Singh, Begum Hazrat
Jind, Gwalior, Hyderabad, Sikhs of Punjab helped the British
Mahal and Maulavi Ahmadullah led the revolt of 1857 in in suppressing the revolt by all possible means. The money
Arrah (Bihar), Lucknow (Oudh) and Faizabad respectively. lenders and merchants were also against the war as it was
49. Which dynasty supported British maximum during against their economic benefits. The educated Indians and the
the 1857 Freedom Movement? middle class also did not support the revolt. On the contrary,
(a) Scindias of Gwalior (b) Holkers of Indore their feelings were against it.
(c) Bhonsles of Nagpur (d) Lodhis of Ramgarh 52. Who among the following did not rebel against the
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
British East India Company’s control over them?
Ans. (a)
(a) Raja or Vijayanagar
Many, like the Scindias of Gwalior, the Nizams of Hyderabad (b) Nizam of Hyderabad
and Holkars of Indore gave active support to the British (c) Polygar of Tamil Nadu
during the 1857 revolt. Many educated and westernized (d) Dewan Velu Thampi of Travancore
Indians also did not support the revolt of 1857. That time, (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Lord Canning said, “If Scindia joins the rebels, I will pack B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
off tomorrow.” European Historian greatly praised Sir Dinkar Ans. (b)
Rao, the Minister of Gwalior.
All of the above (Raja of Vijayanagar, Polygar of Tamil Nadu
50. The educated middle class in India: and Diwan Velu Thampi of Travancore) except the Nizam of
(a) Opposed the revolt of 1857 Hyderabad rebelled against the British East India Company’s
(b) Supported the revolt of 1857 control over them.
59. Who was the Governor-General of India during the Lieutenant General Sir John Bennet Hearsey was commanding
revolt of 1857? officer during the revolt of 1857 in Barrackpore.
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Lord Minto
64. Who has made Allahabad the emergency headquarters
(c) Lord Canning (d) Lord Bentinck
in 1857?
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Expansion in limited areas, lack of unity and planning, no Assertion (A) : The first war of Independence in 1857
unified leadership and discipline, better resources of the failed to secure freedom from the
British, role of traitors, the return of British troops from British Government.
Crimea, no support of native rulers, non-cooperation of Sikhs Reason (R) : The leadership of Bahadur Shah Zafar
and Punjabis as well as educated Indian middle class etc. did not have popular support and most
were major causes behind the failure of the revolt of 1857. of the Indian rulers of important States
shied away from the struggle.
68. The British were able to suppress the uprising of 1857
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
in Rajput state because:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
(a) The local Rajput rulers did not support revolutionaries. explanation of (A).
(b) The educated middle class supported the British (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
(c) The soldiers in cantonments were not prepared explanation of (A).
to accept leadership of revolution from outside (c) (A) is true, and (R) is false.
Rajasthan. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(d) The newspaper could not project the true aim of the 39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
revolution. Ans. (a)
R.A.S. /R.T.S. (Pre) 1996
Both (A) and (R) are true, and R is the correct explanation of
Ans. (a)
A. There were various reasons for the failure of the first war
See the explanation of above question. of independence in 1857, but the most important reason was
the support of native kings of major territories to the British.
69. Which among the following British officers lost their
lives at Lucknow? 72. Who called the revolt of 1857 a conspiracy?
1. General John Nicholson (a) Sir James Outram and W. Taylor
2. General Neil (b) Sir John K.
3. Major Havlock (c) Sir John Lawrence
4. Sir Henry Lawrence (d) T.R. Homes
Select the correct answer from the code given below –
40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4
Ans. (a)
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All of the above
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 Sir James Outram and W. Taylor observed that the revolt of
Ans. (c) 1857 was the result of a Hindu-Muslim conspiracy. Outram
73. Modern Historian, who called the revolt of 1857 as the “The Sepoy Mutiny and the rebellion of 1857” that “the so-
first Independence War was – called first national war of independence of 1857 was neither
(a) Dr. R.C. Mazumdar (b) Dr. S.N. Sen first, nor national, nor a war of independence”.
(c) V. D. Savarkar (d) Ashok Mehta
78. Who wrote, “It is difficult to avoid the conclusion
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
that the so-called first National War of Independence
Ans. (c)
of 1857 is neither first, nor National, nor a war of
V. D. Savarkar stated in his book “The Indian War of independence”?
Independence of 1857” that it was a well-planned revolt (a) R.C. Majumdar (b) Syed Ahmad
against British. He called the revolt as the first war of (c) Roberts (d) Coupland
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of 19th century provided an organized and stiff resistance the support of Nair Battalion revolted against them. *Vasudev
to Britishers. Syed Ahmed Barelvi of Raebareli was the Balwant Phadake (1845-83) was one of the leading earliest
propounder of this movement. He was inspired by Abdul Wahab Indian revolutionaries who organized the Ramosi tribes and
in Chotanagpur area in 1831-32. This movement continued Banswada, Pratapgarh, Sirohi, Pali, etc. Guru Govind (also
intermittently till 1848 when this revolt was finally suppressed. called as Lasodhiya) established ‘Sabhya Sabha’ in 1883 with
*Waghera Revolt in Baroda was against English. It took place an aim to organize Bhils. He is also called as the propounder
in 1818. of Lasodhiya Movement. *Birsa Munda led the Revolt of
Chronological order of the main revolts in India before 1857 is – Munda tribes in 1899-1900. Collective farming prevailed in the
1. Bengal Sepoy Mutiny (1764), in which a battalion in the Munda community but zamindars, contractors, moneylenders,
Army of Hector Munro revolted and went along the side of Mir etc. attacked this tradition to carve out their own interests.
Qasim in the battlefield of Buxar. Munda chief fought 30 years to preserve their traditional
2. Vellore Sepoy Mutiny (1806) farming. This revolt is also known as “Sardari fight”. In 1895,
3. Revolt of Kutch (1819-31) Birsa declared himself as the messenger of God. The revolt
4. Kol Revolt (1831-32) was most famous among the revolts of this time. The revolt
5. Santhal Revolt (1855-56) started against the attempt to replace the traditional collective
* In 1855-56, Santhal was an important tribal revolt in which farming practices with the Zamindari or Individual ownership
we see a lot of tribal anger and hatred against the Britishers. The practices. *Khunt Katti or Mundari was the traditional
Revolt took place at Damin-e-Koh area between Bhagalpur and collective farming practice of Mundas. But with the passage of
Rajmahal hills. Moneylenders and Britishers were exploiting time, Birsa transformed this revolt into a religious and political
them together. Interest ranging from 50 to 500% was taken from movement. He is called ‘Jagat Pita’ or ‘Dharti Aaba’. He said
the Santhal borrowers. Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand and Bhairav ‘we will fight with non-tribals and will color this land red
were four brothers who gave leadership to this revolt. Sidhu with their blood like a Red Flag’. In March, 1900, Birsa was
once said to officials, “God said to me that this country is not arrested and died in prison. The area in between Ranchi and
of bosses. God will fight from our side and in this way, these Bhagalpur was under his influence. He called for the worship
bosses and soldiers will fight with God.” The revolt continued of one god ‘Sing Bonga’ renouncing the worship of other gods.
till 1856, at last, all the leaders were captured and the revolt *Thakkar Baap used word ‘Adivasi’ for the tribal population.
was suppressed. In 1855 Santhals revolted in Bhaginidih taluka He was the General Secretary of ‘Harijan Sevak Sangh’. *Hauz
of Bhagalpur. Santhals defeated the Army of Britishers led by Revolt of 1820-21 took place at Santhal subdivision of Bihar.
Major Baroz. At last commissioner of Bhagalpur Brown and *Khairwar tribal movement in 1874 was led by Bhagirath
major Lloyd ruthlessly suppressed the revolt. Manjhi. *Surendra Sai the claimant of throne of Sambhalpur
Bhil revolts - Bhils community which lived on the western led the movement against British. In 1862 he surrendered.
by Zamindars. *Ahom Revolt (1828) was led by Gomdhar See the explanation of above question.
Kunwar. *Tana Bhagat Movement was started in 1914 at 3. Who is the author of ‘Neel Darpan’ a book written on
Chotanagpur by Oraon tribes. Jatra Bhagat, Balram Bhagat and the miserable condition of indigo farmers?
Devmenia Bhagat led this revolt. *Jadonang was the first tribal (a) Bankim Chandra Chatterji
leader inspired by Mahatma Gandhi and his philosophy. He (b) Dinbandhu Mitra
(c) Sharat Chandra Chatterji
was a pioneer freedom fighter of Naga community in Manipur.
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
1. Which one of the following upheavals took place in 42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997
Bengal immediately after Revolt of 1857? Ans. (b)
(a) Sanyasi (b) Santhal Rebellion See the explanation of above question.
(c) Indigo revolt (d) Pabna Disturbances
4. Who wrote the famous play, Neel Darpan in which
I.A.S. (Pre) 1994
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8. Which one of the following revolts was made famous Wahabi Movement offered a serious and organized threat
to British supremacy in India during the 19th century. The
by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel ‘Anand
movement was led by Syed Ahmed, who was greatly
Math’? influenced by the teachings of Abdul Wahab of Arabia
(a) Bhil uprising and Shah Walliulah, the saint of Delhi. It was a revivalist
(b) Rangpur and Dinajpur uprising movement which stated that the return to the true spirit
(c) Bishnupur and Birbhum rebellion of Islam was the only way to get rid of the socio-political
oppression. By efforts of Syed Ahmad, Wahabi ideology
(d) Sanyasi rebellion
was spread in Kabul, North-West Frontier province, Bengal,
I.A.S. (Pre) 2006 Bihar and Central Provincial regions. In 1830 Syed occupied
Ans. (d) Peshawar for sometimes and issued coins by his name but
later in the following year Syed Ahmed lost his life in Battle
See the explanation of above question.
of Balakot. Patna became the centre of the Wahabi Movement
9. Who among the following made ‘Sanyasi Rebellion’ after the death of Syed Ahmad.
famous through his writings?
(a) Din Bandhu Mitra 13. Kuka Movement was organized by –
(b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (a) Guru Ram Das (b) Guru Nanak
(c) Sisir Kumar Ghosh (c) Guru Ram Singh (d) Guru Gobind Singh
45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001
(d) Harish Chandra
Ans. (c)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
Ans. (b) Kuka Movement was similar to the Wahabi Movement.
Both movements began as religious revolt but converted
See the explanation of above question. into a political movement, which had a general ideology of
removal of British rule from India. In Western Punjab, Kuka
10. The theme of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s famous
Movement was initiated by Bhagat Jawahar Mal in 1840 who
novel ‘Anand Math’ is based on
was known as Sian Sahib. The origin of the Kuka Movement
(a) Chuar revolt
had its roots in the religious purification of the Sikhism.
(b) Rangpur and Dinajpur revolt The leader of Kuka Movement, Ram Singh, was expelled to
(c) Vishnupur and Veerbhumi revolt Rangoon in 1872 where he died in 1885.
(d) Sanyasi revolt
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 14. Kuka Movement was founded in
(a) Bengal (b) Bihar
Ans. (d)
(c) Punjab (d) Maharashtra
See the explanation of above question. U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017
Ans. (c)
11. What was the purpose of Barhiyataal resistance in
See the explanation of above question.
Munger?
25. Who had led Kol Revolt? 29. Arrange the following uprisings against the British
colonial power in India prior to 1857 in the various
(a) Budhu Bhagat (b) Surga
parts of the country in the correct order:
(c) Bhagat (d) Jatra Bhagat (i) Sepoy mutiny in Bengal
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003 (ii) Kutch Rebellion
Ans. (a) (iii) Sepoy mutiny at Vellore
30. Which among the following year ‘Santhal revolt’ was There was no revolt named Chhotanagpur Tribal revolt.
occurred? But there were many revolts at a different period like Chera
(a) 1831-32 AD (b) 1844-46 AD revolt (1800), Kol revolt (1831-32), Santhal revolt (1855-56)
(c) 1851-52 AD (d) 1855-56 AD and Munda revolt (1899-1900). If Ho revolt (1820-21) is
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above considered than option (b) is the correct answer.
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
Ans. (d) 34. Who led the revolt of Santhals?
(a) Siddhu-Kanhu (b) Bhairav Chand
See the explanation of above question.
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of (a) and (b)
31. After the Santhal Uprising subsided, what was/were the Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
measure/measures taken by the colonial government? Ans. (c)
1. The territories called ‘Santhal Paraganas’ were
created. The Santhal Rebellion was the most serious challenge faced by
the British East India Company in the first century of its rule.
2. It became illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to
Oppression by landlords and money lenders, accompanied by
a non-Santhal.
a huge increase in the tax burden, caused great disaffection
Select the correct answer using the code given below: among the tribal peasants. Over and above, the European
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only railway contractors often demanded forced labour. Some of
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 the tribal people migrated elsewhere, which the Santhals saw
I.A.S. (Pre) 2018 as a clear sign of the disintegration of the tribal community.
Ans. (c) It was against this background of discontent that the hostility
against the outsiders erupted. In June, 1855, Sidhu and
The Santhal rebellion was a famous tribal revolt held in Kanhu, the two brothers, gave a call for rebellion. The
Bihar and Odisha in 1855-56 AD. After the suppression of rebellious Santhals assembled at Bhagna Dihi and rose their
the revolt, the British Government accepted the demand of a arms against the British revenue system.
separate Santhal Paragana. Later on, a new district, Santhal The Santhal rebellion continued for a few months and
Paragana, was created by the Government. Santhal Pargana threatened the imperial control in the region. During the
Tenancy Act was passed which made it illegal to transfer rebellion, the rebels also received a good deal of support
their land to non-Santhals. from the submerged social classes. The main centre of the
rebellion was Birbhum and Murshidabad districts of Bengal
32. Which of the above pairs is not correctly matched? and Bhagalpur in Bihar. Despite the intensity of the rebellion,
Rebellion Year the rebels ultimately failed to outclass the superior military
(a) Santhal 1855 power of British rule. After a few months, the Santhal
(b) Kol 1831 rebellion was ruthlessly suppressed. Occasional Santhal
(c) Khasi 1829 insurgencies later in the nineteenth century often harked back
(d) Ahom 1815 to the heroic memory of the Santhal rebellion.
the propounder of Lasodia Movement. Eve 1899, the Mundas shot arrows and tried to burn down
41. Mundas rose revolt in – churches over an area covering six police stations in the
(a) 1885 (b) 1888 districts of Ranchi and Singhbhum. Next, in January 1900,
(c) 1890 (d) 1895 the police stations were targeted and there were rumours
45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001 that Birsa’s followers would attack Ranchi on 8th January,
Ans. (d) leading to panic there. However, on 9th January, the rebels
were defeated. Birsa was captured and died in jail. Nearly
One of the prominent revolts of the nineteenth century in the
350 Mundas were put on trial, and three of them were hanged
Indian subcontinent was the Munda Rebellion. This rebellion
and 44 transported for life.
was led by Birsa Munda in the South of Ranchi in the year
1899. Traditionally, the Mundas enjoyed the system known as 43. With reference to the history of India, "Ulgulan" or
the Khuntkatti which meant the original clearer of the forest.
the Great Tumult is the description of which of the
However, in the course of time, the Mundas realized that this
following events?
system of Khuntkatti was being corroded by the jaghirdars
(a) The Revolt of 1857
and thikedars who came as moneylenders and traders. In
the year 1895, Birsa declared himself as the prophet. This (b) The Mappila Rebellion of 1921
movement was popularly known as Sardari ladai because (c) The Indigo Revolt of 1859 -60
Munda Sardar struggled for their traditions for thirty years. (d) Birsa Munda's Revolt of 1899 - 1900
Munda was arrested in 1900, later died in jail. I.A.S. (Pre) 2020
58. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer The correct match of List- I with List-II is as follows :
using the code given below the lists (Movement) (Year)
Pabna Rebellion - 1873-85
List- I List- II
Eka Movement - 1922
A. Moplah revolt 1. Kerala
Santhal Rebellion - 1855-56
B. Pabna revolt 2. Bihar
Tana Bhagat Movement - 1914
C. Eka Movement 3. Bengal
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D. Birsa Munda revolt 4. Oudh 61. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct
Code : answer from the codes given below:
A B C D List–I List-II
(a) 1 3 4 2 A. Rampa Rebellion 1. 1859-60
(b) 2 3 4 1 B. Pabna Peasant Revolt 2. 1879-80
(c) 1 2 3 4 C. Bengal Indigo Revolt 3. 1860-63
(d) 3 4 1 2 D. Jaintia Rebellion 4. 1873-76
I.A.S. (Pre) 1997 Codes :
Ans. (a) A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4
Moplah revolt occurred in 1921 in Malabar of Kerala. Pabna
revolt from 1873-76 in Bengal, Eka movement in 1921 in (b) 2 4 1 3
Oudh and Munda Rebellion under Birsa Munda took place (c) 1 2 3 4
in 1899 in Bihar (now Jharkhand). (d) 4 2 1 3
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016
59. The Moplah Rebellion of 1921 broke out in -:
Ans (b)
(a) Assam (b) Kerala
Matches are as follows:-
(c) Punjab (d) Bengal
List–I List-II
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Rampa Rebellion 1879-80
63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
Pabna Peasant Revolt 1873-76
Ans (b)
Bengal Indigo Revolt 1859-60
See the explanation of above question.
Jaintia Rebellion 1860-63
60. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer 62. The immediate cause of the Deccan Riots of 1875 was
using the code given below the lists : (a) the shadow of a famine
List- I List- II (b) high interest rates charged by Mahajans
(Movement) (Year) (c) high land revenue rates
A. Pabna rebellion 1. 1855-56 (d) protest against imposition
B. Eka Movement 2. 1873-85 (e) None of the above above/More than one of the above
C. Santhal Rebellion 3. 1922 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
D. Tana Bhagal Movement 4. 1914 Ans. (a)
during the tenure of Warren Hastings. On his motivity, in 1784, March, 1835, English was officially accepted as the medium
Asiatic Society was established and he himself became its first of Indian Education.
Chairman. This Society, through a magazine named Asiatic *Considered as the “Magna Carta of English Education
Researches, tried to throw light on India’s past. In this order, in India,” Charles Woods despatch (1854) was the first
famous “Hindu College”. *Mayo College was established 3. Who founded First Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya at
Varanasi?
in Ajmer in 1875. Muslim Anglo-Oriental College was
(a) Jonathan Duncan (b) Warren Hastings
established in Aligarh in 1875. Delhi College was established
(c) Lorel Macaulay (d) Bankim Chandra
in 1824.* Madan Mohan Malviya advocated religious teachings Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
in the Indian Universities. *In 1916, he established Banaras Ans. (a)
Hindu University and was the chancellor of BHU from 1919 See the explanation of above question.
to 1938. He published several magazines in English and Hindi
4. Wellesley established the Fort William College at Cal-
such as Hindustan, The India Union, Abhyuday, Maryada, cutta because :
Kisan, etc. (a) he was asked by the Board of Directors at London to
1. Where was the first Madarsa set up by British in India? do so
(b) he wanted to revive interest in oriental learning in
(a) Madras (b) Bombay
India
(c) Aligarh (d) Calcutta
(c) he wanted to provide William Carey and his associates
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
with employment
Ans. (d) (d) he wanted to train British civilians for administrative
In 1780, Warren Hastings founded Madarsa ‘Aliya’ at purpose in India
Calcutta. Its first head (Najin) was Mulla Mujjuddin. Arabic, I.A.S. (Pre) 2020
Persian, and Muslim laws were taught in this Madarsa and Ans (d)
its graduates assisted as an interpreter in British rule.
Fort William College was founded on 10 July, 1800 in
2. The Asiatic Society of Bengal was founded by Kolkata by Wellesley. The purpose of establishing the college
(a) Sir William Jones (b) Wilkins was to teach British civilians for administrative purpose in
India.
(c) Max Muller (d) James Prinsep
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 5. With reference to the Fort William College Calcutta.
Which of the statement/s is/are correct?
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004 1. It was founded on 10th June, 1800 A.D. within the
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003 Fort William Complex in Calcutta.
2. The main purpose of establishing this college, was
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999 to teach Indian languages to British officers.
Ans. (a) Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only 9. Who among the following was the first to translate
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 only Kalidasa’s famous work ‘Shakuntala’ into English?
I.A.S. (Pre) 2018 (a) Charles Wilkins
(b) Henry Colebrooke
Ans. (b)
(c) Johana Wolfgang von Goethe
Sanskrit college of Benaras was founded by Jonathan Duncun (d) Sir William Jones
in 1791 AD. Warren hasting started the Calcutta Madarsa U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
in 1780 AD. Fort William college was founded by Richard Ans. (d)
Chole Wellesley. Thus option (b) is the correct one. Sir William Jones was the first to translate Kalidasa’s
Shakuntala into English
7. Who among the following was offered membership of
the Royal Asiatic Society of Paris? 10. The main reason for the British Government to
spread modern education in India during the pre-
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
independence period was –
(b) Michael Madhusudan Dutta
(a) The need for educated Indians in minor administrative
(c) Raja Rammohan Roy posts
(d) Vivekanand (b) To promote Indian culture
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007 (c) To modernize the Indian people so that they could
Ans. (b) share their political responsibilities
Michael Madhusudan Dutta was offered membership of the (d) None of the above
La Societe Asiatique (The Asian Society) of Paris. It was Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
established in 1822. Dadabhai Naoroji was a Liberal Party Ans. (a)
Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of The major reason for the British Government to spread
Commons between 1892 and 1895 and the first Asian to be a modern education in India during the pre-independence
period was to reduce the expenditure of administration.
British MP. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha
The government wanted to increase the number of educated
Movement in 1828, which engendered the Brahmo Samaj, an
Indians to fulfil their requirements. There was an urgent
influential Bengali-socio religious reform Movement. Swami need for educated Indians in minor administrative posts of
Vivekananda travelled to the United States, representing India British rule.
in 1893 at the Parliament of the World Religion and founded 11. Which of the following led to the introduction of
Ramakrishna Mission in 1897. English Education in India?
responsibility to grant one lakh rupees for education. The In the 1853 renewal of the Charter Act, it was realized that a
committee consisted of 10 members with Lord Macaulay systematic pattern of education was necessary for India. As
as the President. Interestingly, during that time, there was a a result, the Wood’s Despatch was issued with Sir Charles
rapid change in attitude towards the composition of English Wood as the President of the Board of Control of Education.
education mainly due to the missionaries and the political The main objective of the Despatch was to impart western
influence of the English language. Thus, for the council of knowledge to the Indian people and also to develop their
East India Company, the decision for granting money faced intellect and moral character.
a greater problem. The controversy went on for 12 years. He recommended therein :
Even the General committee of Public Instruction was also 1. An education department to be set up in every province.
not able to decide the medium of instruction by vote, because 2. Universities on the model of the London University to
out of 10 members, five were supporters of English language be established in big cities such as Bombay, Calcutta,
or Anglicist as the medium of instruction and the rest were and Madras.
supporters of Classic language or Orientalists as a medium 3. At least one Government school be opened in every
of instruction. This is the famous Anglicist and orientalist district.
controversy. 4. Affiliated private schools should be given a grant.
As the President of the General Committee of Public 5. The Indian natives should be given training in their
Instruction Lord Macaulay wrote a minute (detailed) where mother tongue also.
he made the conclusion regarding the controversy. By 6. The provision was made for a systematic method of
introducing the English language for education of masses, education from the primary level to the university level.
Macaulay’s opinion was that the public mind of India might 7. The Government should support education for women.
expand under the English systems and through the English
14. Regarding Wood’s Dispatch, which of the following
language it may educate the people into a capacity for better
statements are true?
government. 1. Grants-in-Aid system was introduced.
12. Which Act of British Government granted Rs. One 2. Establishment of universities was recommended.
lakh for education in India for the first time? 3. English as a medium of instruction at all levels of
(a) Wood’s Dispatch, 1854 education was recommended.
(b) Charter Act, 1813 Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(c) Charter Act, 1853 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(d) Indian Council Act, 1892 (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1 , 2 and 3
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009 I.A.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (b) Ans. (a)
23. The foundation of the modern educational system in 26. The establishment of the first Women’s University in
India was laid by: Mumbai was the result of the effort of
(a) The Charter Act of 1813
(b) Macaulay’s Minutes of 1835 (a) Dayaram Gindumal (b) D.K. Karve
(c) The Hunter Commission of 1882 (c) M.G. Ranade (d) Ramabai
(d) Woods Dispatch of 1854 U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
I.A.S. (Pre) 1993
Ans. (b) U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
The foundation of the modern educational system in India
Ans. (b)
was laid by Macaulay’s Minutes of 1835. In that minute,
he poured comment on Sanskrit or Arabic by saying that “a Prof. Dhondv Keshav Karve was an Indian Social reformer
single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole noted for supporting the cause of widow remarriage and
literature of India and Arabia.”. Macaulay thus suggested women’s education. He founded the widow remarriage
making English the language of higher education in India association. In 1896 he opened a Widow’ Home in Poona with
with western language as the subjects of study. Bentinck
the object of giving high-caste widows an interest in life by
accepted his suggestion. Accordingly, on 7th March, 1835,
providing them jobs and making them self supporting. He set
a resolution passed by the Government declared: “His
Lordship is of the opinion that the great object of the British up an Indian Women’s University at Bombay in 1916. He was
Government ought to be the promotion of European literature awarded India’s highest honour, the Bharat Ratna in 1958.
*Tilak was arrested after the murder of Rand on the ground of a news agency.* Indian opinion was started by Mahatama
the publication of a poem, “Shivaji’s utterances” in Kesari, Gandhi in 1903 in South Africa. Mansukh Lal Nazar was its first
and a speech which Tilak had delivered at the Shivaji festival, editor. It was published in Gujarati, Hindi, Tamil and English.
justifying Afzal’s Khan murder by Shivaji. Tilak’s defence of *Young India was published bi-weekly from Bombay. From
Shivaji’s killing of Afzal Khan was portrayed by the prosecution 8th October, 1919 it was published weekly from Ahmedabad.
as an incitement to kill British officials. In 1897, he was Jamanadas Dwarakadas and Shankarlal Banker were its
imprisoned for 18 months for inciting Chaperkar brothers earliest editor. On 8th October, 1919 Mahatama Gandhi became
for killing Rand. *’Free Hindustan’ newspaper was started the editor of Young India. Jamanadas Dwarakadas and Shankar
by Tarak Nath Das in North America (Vancouver). *Raja lal Banker were members of Home Rule Movement of Annie
Ram Mohan Roy used the press as a medium to express and Besant. *Indigo Revolt of Bengal was a direct fight against the
publish his views. In 1821 he published ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ exploitation of farmers. Harishchandra Mukherjee editor
and ‘Pragya Ka Chand’ weekly magazines. After one year of Hindu Patriot put a lot of effort in this respect. Girish
he published a newspaper ‘Mirat-ul-Akhbar’ or Buddhi Chandra Ghosh was the editor of Hindu Patriot in the first
Darpan in the Persian language. ‘Indian Mirror’ was two years (1853-55). In 1855, Harish Chandra Mukherjee
published from Calcutta (Bengal). Credit for establishment became the editor of Hindu Patriot. He boldly spoke about the
of Indian Mirror (1861) goes to Devendranath Tagore and exploitation of Indigo farmers by the plantation owners. He
Manmohan Ghosh.* Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakana helped these farmers in all possible ways. Cristodas Pal in
and Kartar Singh Sarabha, etc founded Gadar Movement in 1861 became the editor of Hindu Patriot. *Arbindo Ghosh
USA and Canada to free India from British Rule. ‘Gadar’ a was the editor of English weekly Vande Matram. *In 1931,
weekly journal was a manifesto of the party which was firstly
Kameshwar Singh of Darbhanga started The Indian Nation.
published on 1st November, 1913 at San Fransisco in Urdu.
It was published from Patna. *Ram Krishna Pillai was the
From 9th December, 1913 its printing in Gurumukhi language
editor of Swadeshwahini and Swadeshbhamini. *Gandhiji
also started. It was later on published in Marathi, Hindi, English
started Harijan in English, Harijan Bandhu in Gujarati and
and Gujarati. Its one edition was also published in Pakhtuni.
*Amrit Bajar Patrika was started by Sishir Kumar Ghosh Harijan Sewak in Hindi. These were weekly magazines. First
in 1868 at Calcutta in Bengali but to escape Vernacular Press edition of Harijan was published on 11th February, 1933 from
Act it got converted to English format overnight in 1878. Yerawada Central Jail, Pune, Maharashtra.* On July 1924,
*Girish Chandra Ghosh started ‘Bengali’ in 1862 which was B.R. Ambedkar in Bombay founded an Institute ‘Bahiskrit
published from Madras by Annie Besant. result were some proceedings against some vernacular press
1. The first newspaper in India was – people. There was a popular protest against this Act. This Act
was later repealed by Lord Ripon in 1882.
(a) Bengal Gazette (b) Hindustan Times
(c) Pioneer (d) Sambad Kaumadi 5. Who among the following introduced the Vernacular
Press Act?
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains)2004
(a) Lord Lytton (b) Lord Ripon
Ans. (a) (c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Hastings
Bengal Gazette was an English newspaper published from U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
Ans. (a)
Kolkata (then Calcutta), India. It was the first major newspaper
in India, started in 1780. It was published for two years. See the explanation of above question.
Founded by James Augustus Hicky. The beginning of modern 6. Under whose Governor-General ship was the
Indian press occurred in 1766 with the publication of a paper Vernacular Act repealed?
by Bolts. (a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Lytton
(c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Dufferin
2. Which among the following was the first newspaper U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
published in India? Ans. (a)
(a) The Bengal Gazette (b) The Calcutta Times See the explanation of above question.
(c) Madras Courier (d) Bombay Herald
7. Who was the first Indian to go to jail in performance
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010
of his duty as a journalist:
Ans. (a)
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (b) Dadabhai Nauroji
See the explanation of above question. (c) Motilal Ghosh (d) Surendra Nath Banerjee
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
3. Who among the following had primarily implemented
Ans. (a)
the Press Censorship?
(a) Wellesley (b) Hastings The first Indian to go to jail in the performance of his duty as a
(c) John Adams (d) Dalhousie journalist was Bal Gangadhar Tilak. In 1882, he was punished
for four month imprisonment as he strongly criticized the then
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001
Maharaj of Kolhapur. In 1897, he was rigorously imprisoned
Ans. (a) for 18 months for provoking Chapekar brothers to murder
Many newspapers were published during 1766-1789. In 1799 two English men through his writing. Some historians have
mentioned that Surendra Nath Banerjee was first Indian
Lord Wellesley brought the censorship of Press Act, 1799. journalist to go to jail. However he was jailed on 2 April
Lord Hastings abrogate the Act in 1818. 1883 for his article in 'The Bangali'.
Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, to promote and circulate his thoughts,
Ans. (c)
published the ‘Sambad Kaumudi’ and ‘Pragya Ka Chaand’ a
weekly newspaper in 1821 and a Persian newspaper Mirat-ul- In 1913, a growing number of migrants from India to Canada
Akhbar in 1822. He knew English, Bengali, Persian, Arabic, and the US formed the Ghadar party in San Francisco,
designed to organize an army to overthrow British colonial
Greek and Latin. But John Adams the then Governor-General
rule in India. Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna and Kartar
banned the Indian press in 1823 and imposed the fine of 400 Singh launched Journal ‘Ghadar’ of Ghadar Party in America
rupees and imprisonment on publication without a license. and Canada to free India from British. The first issue of this
Magistrate had the right to seize the publication house. As a journal was launched in November 1, 1913, which was a
result, Raja Ram Mohan Roy had to stop publishing Mirat- weekly journal.
ul-Akhbar. 14. Who founded the ‘Amrit Bazar Patrika’?
10. The first Hindi Newspaper ‘Udant Martand’ (30th May, (a) Girish Chandra Ghosh
1826) was published from – (b) Harish Chandra Mukherjee
(a) Kolkata (b) Patna (c) S.N. Banerjee
(c) Allahabad (d) Lucknow (d) Shishir Kumar Ghose
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016 47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
Ans. (a) Ans. (d)
The first Hindi Newspaper ‘Udant Martand’ (30th May, 1826) Shishir Kumar founded ‘Amrit Bazar Patrika’ in 1868 in
was published from Calcutta (Kolkata). It was published on Calcutta. It was primarily published in the Bengali language.
every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla. In 1878 it was converted to English to avoid the Native
Language Press Act. Girish Chandra Ghosh started publishing
11. From where the ‘Indian Mirror’ newspaper was ‘Bengali’ in 1862 which was overtaken by S.N. Banerjee in
published in 1880? 1879. ‘Hindu Patriot’ was also started by Girish Chandra
(a) Bombay (b) Calcutta Ghosh. Later Harishchandra Mukherjee became its editor.
(c) Madras (d) Pondicherry
15. Which newspaper was started by Lokmanya Bal
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
Gangadhar Tilak to serve the cause of India’s freedom
Ans. (b) struggle?
(a) Gadar (b) Kesari
The newspaper ‘Indian Mirror’ was published from Calcutta
(c) Free Hindustan (d) Swadesh Mitra
(Bengal). Devendra Nath Tagore and Manmohan Ghosh Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
founded ‘Indian Mirror’ in 1861. Keshav Chandra Sen and M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
Narendra Nath Sen were in its editorial department. It was U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
a daily newspaper. Ans. (b)
‘Bangawasi’, ‘Kaal’, and ‘Kesari’ were the popular magazines (c) Young India (d) Free Press Journal
of the revolutionary period which criticized Congress for its 47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
liberal policies. Ans. (b)
17. Which of the following newspapers advocated ‘Free Press Journal’ was a news agency. Young India was
revolutionary terrorism during the period of Indian published by M.K. Gandhi. Liberals used to preach their
policies through newspaper named ‘Leader.’ New India was
freedom struggle ?’
published by Annie Besant.
1. Sandhya 2. Yugantar
3. Kaal 21. Which one of the following was not the language in
Choose the correct answer from the code given which ‘Indian Opinion’ paper was published?
below: (a) English (b) Gujarati
Code : (c) Tamil (d) Urdu
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
(a) 1, 2 (b) 1, 3
Ans. (d)
(c) 2, 3 (d) 1, 2, 3
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008 Mahatma Gandhi published the paper ‘Indian opinion’ from
Ans. (d) South Africa. It was published in Gujarati, Hindi, Tamil and
English language.
‘Sandhya,’ ‘Yugantar’ and ‘Kaal’ were the newspapers which
advocated revolutionary actions during the period of Indian 22. The first editor of the journal ‘Indian Opinion’ was :
freedom struggle. (a) M.K. Gandhi (b) Albert West
(c) Mahadev Desai (d) Mansukhal Nazar
18. With which of the following Newspaper/Magazine,
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
Mahatma Gandhi was not associated? Ans. (d)
(a) Indian Opinion (b) Young India
Indian Opinion was a journal published by Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Nav Jeevan (d) Yugantar
from South Africa in 1903. Mansukh Lal was the first editor
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
of this paper who was the Secretary of Natal Congress. This
Ans. (d)
journal was published in Gujarati, Tamil, Hindi and English.
‘Yugantar’ was a weekly Magazine published by Bhupendra
23. The ‘Young India’ was started as a weekly by:
Nath Dutt and Barindra Kumar Ghosh. Mahatma Gandhi
(a) The Home Rule Party (b) The Extremist Party
was not associated with this magazine. Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Gadar Party (d) Swaraj Party
was associated with the ‘Indian Opinion’, Young India’ and
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003
‘Nav Jeevan’.
Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
34. ‘Harijan’ was started by –
The correctly matched newspapers and their respective (a) Tilak (b) Gokhale
languages is as follows : (c) Gandhiji (d) Naoroji
Bharat Mitra - Hindi Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
Rastra Mata - Marathi Ans. (c)
Prajamitra - Gujarati Gandhiji started ‘Harijan’ in English, ‘Harijan Bandhu’ in
Nayak - Bengali Gujarati and ‘Harijan Sevak’ in Hindi as a weekly newspaper.
32. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer 35. The first issue of a weekly paper ‘Harijan’ started by
by using the codes given below the lists : Gandhiji was published on February 11, 1933 from
List-I List-II which of the following cities?
(Newspaper) (Founder) (a) Bombay (now Mumbai) (b) Ahmedabad
A. Dainik Aaj 1. George Allen (c) Poona (now Pune) (d) Nasik
B. The Leader 2. Jawahar Lal Nehru U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013
C. The National Herald 3. Madan Mohan Malviya Ans. (c)
D. The Pioneer 4. Shiv Prasad Gupta
Code : The first issue of a weekly paper ‘Harijan’ started by Gandhi
A B C D was published on February 11, 1933 from Yerwada Central
(a) 4 3 2 1 Jail, Pune in Maharashtra.
(b) 4 1 3 2
36. The Marathi fortnightly ‘Bahishkrit Bharat’ was
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 1 4 2 3 started by:
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (b) B.R. Ambedkar
Ans. (a) (c) V.D. Savarkar (d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
The correctly matched newspapers and their respective Ans. (b)
founder is as follows :
In July, 1924, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar founded an institution
(Newspaper) (Founder)
Dainik Aaj - Shiv Prasad Gupta called ‘Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha’ in Bombay with
The Leader - Madan Mohan Malviya the purpose of Moral and materialistic development of
The National Herald - Jawahar Lal Nehru untouchables. He started the Marathi fortnightly ‘Bahishkrit
The Pioneer - George Allen Bharat.’
Hilal’ in 1912. In 1914 it was banned under Press Act. Ans. (d)
39. Which Urdu newspaper was started by Lajpat Rai Newspaper Editor
from Lahore in 1920? The Hindu G. Subramaniyam Iyer
(a) Vande Matram (b) People Kesari Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Tribune (d) Vir Arjun Bengalee Surendranath Bannerjee
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008 Hindustani Ganga Prasad Verma
Ans. (a) Sudharak Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Lala Lajpat Rai launched an Urdu daily ‘Vande Matram’ 42. Match List -I with List-II and select the correct answer
and an English weekly ‘The People’ from Lahore. He earlier using the codes given below:
published ‘Young India’ in the United States of America. List-I List-II
40. Match list-I with List-II and select the correct answer (News Paper) (Publisher)
from the codes given below: A. Bengalee 1. Jogendra Nath Bose
List-I List-II B. Bangbasi 2. Arvind Ghosh
(Newspapers) (Editors) C. Vande Matram 3.Surendranath
A. Hindu 1. Dadabhai Nauroji Bannerjee
B. Sudharak 2. Gopal Krishna Gokhale D. Amrit Bazar Patrika 4. Motilal Ghosh
C. Voice of India 3. G. Subramaniya Iyer Code :
D. Bengali 4. Surendra Nath Banerjee A B C D
Code: (a) 2 1 3 4
A B C D (b) 3 1 2 4
(a) 1 2 3 4 (c) 3 4 2 1
(b) 1 3 2 4 (d) 4 3 2 1
(c) 2 3 1 4 U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017
(d) 3 2 1 4 Ans. (b)
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002 The correctly matched list is as follows :
Ans. (d) List-II List -II
Newspaper Publisher
G. Subramaniyam Iyer was the editor of the ‘Hindu’
Bengalee - Surendra Nath Banerjee
newspaper and liberal leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the
Bangbasi - Jogendra Nath Bose
editor of ‘Sudharak’ newspaper. Dadabhai Naoroji was the Vande Matram - Arvind Ghosh
editor of ‘Voice of India’ and S.N. Banerjee was the editor Amrit Bazar - Motilal Ghosh
of ‘Bengali.’ Patrika
Ans. (a)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
The correctly matched newspapers and their respective Ans. (a)
editors is as follows -
The correctly matched newspapers and their respective
(Newspapers) (Editors)
publishers is as follows:
Kal - Shivrama Mahadev Paranjape
(Newspapers) (Publishers)
Bengalee - Surendra Nath Banerjee
Leader - Madan Mohan Malviya
Sudharak - Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Bombay Chronicle - Firozshah Mehta
Somaprakash - Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan
Independent - Motilal Nehru
44. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer Justice - T.M. Nair
using the code given below the lists:
46. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct
List-I (Newspapers)
A. Bombay Chronicle B. Common Weal answer from the codes given below the Lists:
C. Leader D. Search Light List I List II
List-II (Person who started it) A. Abul Kalam Azad 1. Bombay Chronicle
1. Annie Besant B. Feroz Shah Mehta 2. Al-Hilal
2. Madan Mohan Malviya C. Annie Besant 3. Young India
3. Feroz Shah Mehta D. Mahatma Gandhi 4. New India
4. Sachindanand Sinha
Code :
Code :
A B C D
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(a) 1 4 3 2
(b) 2 3 4 1 (b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 3 1 2 4 (c) 2 1 3 4
(d) 4 2 1 3 (d) 3 2 1 4
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004 U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002 Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
The correclty matched list is as follows :
‘New India’ and ‘Commonweal’ were the newspapers List-I List-II
published by Annie Besant. Bombay Chronicle was published Abul Kalam Azad - Al-Hilal
by Firoz Shah Mehta and ‘Searchlight’ was published by Feroz Shah Mehta - Bombay Chronicle
Sachindanand Sinha. ‘Leader’ was published by Madan Annie Besant - New India
Mohan Malviya. Mahatma Gandhi - Young India
correctly matched. Option (c) is wrongly matched. The correctly matched pair is as follows :
Commonweal - Annie Besant
48. Given below are the names of freedom fighters and
Young India - Mahatma Gandhi
the newspapers started by them among these which
Kesari - Bal Gangadhar Tilak
combination is incorrect?
Mook Nayak - B.R. Ambedkar
(a) Maulana Azad - Al-Hilal
(b) Lokmanya Tilak - Kesari 52. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru - National Herald (a) B.R. Ambedkar - Independent
(d) Mahatma Gandhi - The Pioneer (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Kesari
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 (c) Annie Besant - New India
Ans. (d) (d) Dadabhai Nauroji - Rast Goftar
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
‘The Pioneer’ newspaper was started from Allahabad in 1865
by George Allen. ‘Indian-Opinion’, ‘Harijan’, ‘Young India’ Ans. (a)
and ‘Navjeevan’ were the newspapers started by Mahatma ‘Rast Goftar’ was related to Dadabhai Nauroji. ‘Kesari’ was
Gandhi. Other options are correctly matched. related to Bal Gangadhar Tilak and ‘New India was related
49. Who among the following had launched the paper to Annie Besant. But ‘Independent’ was not related with
‘Qaumi Awaz’? B.R. Ambedkar. Motilal Nehru published the newspaper
(a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad “Independent’ demanding self-rule for India.
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru 53. Which of the following is correctly matched?
(c) Shaukat Ali (a) Annie Besant - Young India
(d) Khaliquzzaman (b) Mahatma Gandhi - New India
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013 (c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Kesari
Ans. (b) (d) Surendranath Banerjee - Maratha
‘Qaumi Awaz’ newspaper was started by Jawaharlal U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
Nehru and Rafi Ahmed Kidwai in 1945 from Lucknow. Its Ans. (c)
publication was stopped in 1997.
Annie Besant - New India
50. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched? Mahatma Gandhi - Young India
(a) Navjiwan – M.K. Gandhi Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Maratha and Kesari
(b) Swarajya – T. Prakasham Hence, option (c) is correctly matched.
newspaper?
(a) B.G. Tilak (b) Annie Besant
(a) The Hindu (b) Bengalee
(c) G.K. Gokhale (d) None of the Above
(c) The Mahratta (d) The Times of India
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. (b)
B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
‘Commonweal’ was an English newspaper published from Ans. (d)
Madras. Annie Besant was the editor of this newspaper. ‘The Times of India’ was not a nationalist newspaper. ‘The
56. Match the following and select the correct answer from Hindu,’ Bengalee’ and ‘The Mahratta’ were nationalist
the codes given below: newspapers as they promoted nationalism through their
(A) Bipin Chandra Pal 1. New India writings.
(B) Arvind Ghosh 2. Comrade
(C) Brahmobandhab 3. Vande Mataram 59. Match the list of the Editors with that of the Papers/
Magazines, they were editing:
Upadhyay
‘A’ (Editors) ‘B’ (Papers/Magazine)
(D) Mohammad Ali 4. Sandhya
A. S.A. Dange (i) Navyug
Code :
B. Muzaffar Ahmad (ii) Inqilab
A B C D
C. Ghulam Husain (iii) Labour Kisan Gazette
(a) 1 3 4 2
D. M. Singarvelu (iv) The Socialist
(b) 2 1 3 4
Code:
(c) 2 1 4 3
A B C D
(d) 1 3 2 4
(a) i ii iii iv
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
(b) iv i ii iii
Ans. (a)
(c) ii iii i iv
The correctly matched list is as follows : (d) iii iv ii i
Bipin Chandra Pal - New India R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013
Arvind Ghosh - VandeMataram Ans. (b)
Brahmobandhab Upadhyay - Sandhya
The correctly matched list is as follows :
Muhammad Ali - Comrade
S.A. Dange - The Socialist
57. Who was the editor of the revolutionary paper ‘Vande Muzaffar Ahmad - Navyug
Mataram’? Gulam Hussain - Inqilab
(a) Shyamji Krishna Verma (b) Bhikaji Cama M. Singarvelu - Labour Kisan Gazette
Nationalism’, Father of Modern India, ‘First Modern man’ Morvi State, Kathiyawara in Gujarat in a Brahmin family. He
and ‘Yugdoot’. In 1815 he set up the Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta wandered as an ascetic for fifteen years (1845-60) in search
to propagate Monotheistic ideals of Hindu religion among of the truth. In 1860 he learned the real meaning of Vedas
his youth followers. In 1828 he founded Brahmo Sabha, it and Vedic religion. In 1867, he hoisted “Pakhand Khandini
was later renamed as Brahmo Samaj.* Devendranath Tagore Pataka”. In 1875, he founded ‘Arya Samaj’ in Bombay. His
founded Tattvabodhini Sabha to propagate the ideals of views are inscribed in his famous book Satyartha Prakash.
Rajaram Mohan Roy in 1839. Brahmo Samaj was the first Pakhnand Khandan, Vedbhashya Bhoomika, Rigveda
reform movement in Hindu religion which was influenced by Bhashya, Advaita Mantra Ka Khandan, Panch Mahayagya
Western thoughts. *Mughal emperor Akbar II gave Raja Ram Vidhi and Vallabhacharya Mat Khandan were important
Mohan Roy the title of Raja and sent him to the court of British works of Dayanand Saraswati. He said that good-governance
th
King William IV as his ambassador in 1830. Roy was sent is not a substitute of self-governance. The Arya Samaj was
there to talk about the increment in the pension of Akbar II. On spreading rapidly as a reaction against the western influences.
th
27 September, 1833 Raja Ram Mohan Roy died at Bristol in In 1877, its headquarter was shifted to Lahore which helped in
England. The mausoleum of Roy is present at Bristol. accelerating the spread of this movement. Dayananda’s slogan
*Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated English Education in India. of “Back to the Vedas” was a call for a revival of Vedic learning
According to him, a moderate western education is necessary to and purity of religion. He rejected the religious practices like
pull us out of the darkness and to provide Indians partnership idol worship, incarnations, tantra mantra, etc. His aim was the
in the administration of the Country. He opposed Idol worship, oneness of all religions, society and of the nation itself. He is
Child marriage, Sati Pratha, etc evil social practices of India. also called as “Martin Luther King of India” for his efforts
*Ram Krishna Paramhans recognized the fundamental in religious reforms. Arya Samaj got divided into two groups,
owners of all religious and emphasized that Hari, Ram, Allah, one supported western education and other one opposed western
and Christ are different names for the same God and that there education. Swami Sraddhanand, Lekhraj and Munshiram were
are many ways to God and Salvation. “As many faiths, so opposed to western education. They established ‘Gurukul’
many paths.” *Swami Vivekananda spread Ram Krishna’s in 1902. Lala Lajpat Rai and Hansraj were supporters of
message and tried to reconcile it to needs of contemporary western education. They established Dayanand Anglo Vedic
Indian Society. He emerged as the preacher of Neo-Hinduism. College. Dayanand Sarawati was first to use word Swaraj and
At the Parliament of Religions held at Chicago in 1893, Swami advocated Hindi to be National language of India. He was the
Vivekanand delivered his famous speech. Shubhash Chandra first to suggest renunciation of foreign goods and the adoption
Bose said, “So far as Bengal is concerned Vivekananda may of country-made indigenous goods.
protection of lower castes from exploitation. *Radhakant Beasant became a member of the Society and in 1893 she
Dev opposed Socio-Religious reforms and supported orthodox played the most active role for the Society. She believed
elements by founding Dharma Sabha in 1830 at Bengal. Hinduism as the most spiritual and esoteric religion. *Gopal
*Radhaswami Satsang movement was founded in 1861 by a Krishna Gokhale, in 1905, founded Servants of India Society.
st
banker of Agra Tulsiram who was also known as Shivdayal He chaired the 21 Session of Congress in 1905. He was the
Sahab or Swamiji Maharaj. His followers believed in one mentor of Gandhi. *In 1910, Mukund Rao Patil and Shankar
god, the greatness of teacher, Satsang and ordinary social Rao Jadhav in the influence of Jyotiba Phule founded Bahujan
life.* Social reformer of Maharashtra Gopal Hari Deshmukh Samaj. *The demand of rights to enter the temple by Nadars
(1823-92) was famous as Lokahitwadi. He was also a member led to several riots in Tirunelvelli. In a conference organized
of Governor-General Council in 1880. *Vishnu Parshuram on the abolition of untouchability, Tilak said, “If God tolerates
Pandit led first widow remarriage movement in Maharashtra. the untouchability then I do not believe in God”. Tilak is often
In 1850, he founded Widow Remarriage Association and with called as Lokmanya or Betaj Badshah. *Maulana Hussain
this, he started widow remarriage movement. *Bahramji M. Ahmed was one of the members who founded Dar-ul-Ulum
Malabari, a Parsi social reformer, was born in 1853 at Baroda. Deoband in 1866.
The Age of Consent Act, 1891 was passed through his efforts. 1. Which category of population were primarily attracted
*M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao in 1887 founded Indian by Religious reform movements of the nineteenth
National Social Conference. The main aim of the Conference century?
(i) Intellectuals (ii) Urban upper castes
was to abolish social evils like Polygamy, Child marriage, and
(iii) Poor ordinariness class (iv) Liberal princes
Patriarchy.* Protection was provided to people converted from Choose your answer from given code :
Hinduism by Religious Disabilities Act of 1856. (a) Only i (b) i and ii
The widow remarriage got legal backing By Hindu Widow (c) i, ii and iii (d) i, ii and iv
Remarriage Act of 1856. Abolition of Sati Regulation 1829 47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
by Lord William Bentinck abolished Sati practice. *Ishwar Ans. (d)
Chandra Vidyasagar, principal of Sanskrit college, struggled 19th century religious and social reforms movement has a
a lot for the Widow Remarriage. He tried to prove the affiliation special place in the modern history of India. The movement
of widow remarriage through Vedas. By his efforts, the Widow mostly affected the intellectuals and the middle-class people.
th
Remarriage Act was passed on 26 July, 1856. *Raja Ram Poor ordinary classes were almost out of these movements.
Mohan Roy opposed Sati system strongly. Sati system was Intellectuals, urban upper castes, and liberal princes were
abolished by his efforts in 1829. Slavery became illegal in 1843 mostly affected by this movement.
explanation of (A).
(c) Swami Vivekanand
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016
(d) Ramkrishna Paramhansa
Ans. (b)
Uttrakhand U.D.A./LDA (Mains) 2007
In the 19th century, all socio- religious reforms whether by Ans. (a)
Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, or Parsis aimed at the spread of the
See the explanation of above question.
modern education, fight against social evil practices and
use the tool of modern education to awaken and lead to the 6. Who was the father of the Indian Renaissance
modernization of India. The reformers wanted society to movement?
accept the rational and scientific approach. They laid stress (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
on a rational understanding of social and religious ideas and (b) Dayanand Saraswati
encouraged scientific, humanitarian outlook to achieve their (c) Shraddhanand
goal. Therefore, (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct (d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
explanation of (A). 53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
Ans. (d)
3. Which of the following class has been influenced by
Western civilization firstly? See the explanation of above question.
(a) Noble landlords
7. Who was the leading envoy of the renaissance
(b) New rich merchants movement in India?
(c) Educated Hindu middle class (a) Devendranath Tagore
(d) Educated Muslims (b) Keshav Chandra Sen
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1996 (c) Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar
Ans. (c) (d) Ram Mohan Roy
Educated Hindu middle class was primarily affected by U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
western culture. The new western-educated class was highly Ans. (d)
affected by rationalism, scientism, and humanism. Reformers See the explanation of above question.
in Indian society and religion sought to improve the society
and Hindu religion inspired by the enlightenment and denied 8. Who is considered as the Prophet of Nationalism?
superstition, pilgrimage and idolatry etc. (a) M. K. Gandhi (b) Ram Mohn Roy
(c) Rabindranath Tagore (d) Dayanand Saraswati
4. Who among the following greatmen is called the U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009
‘Father of Indian Renaissance’? Ans. (b)
(a) Vivekananda
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy See the explanation of above question.
See the explanation of above question. See the explanation of above question.
10. The First Society founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy 14. Brahmo Samaj was founded by –
was: (a) Dayanand Saraswati (b) Swami Vivekananda
(c) Keshav Chandra Sen (d) Ram Mohan Roy
(a) Brahma Samaj (b) Atmiya Sabha
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
(c) Brahma Sabha (d) Tatvabodhini Sabha
Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
Ans. (b) Brahmo Samaj was the first reform movement of Hindu
religion which was influenced by Western ideology. Brahmo
In 1815, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Atmiya Sabha to
Samaj was founded on August 20, 1828 by Raja Ram
propagate monotheistic Hindu religion. It tried to initiate
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
(c) Bristol, England (d) Canada Bihar. To oppose his action, Anand Mohan Bose and Shivnath
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 Shastri formed ‘Sadharan Brahmo Samaj.’
Ans. (c) Note : On 20 August, 1828 Raja Rammohan Roy rented a
house of Feringhee Kamal Bose, where he formed Brahmo
See the explanation of above question.
Samaj. Tarachand Chakroborty was its first secretary.
19. Consider the following: Devendra Nath Tagore joined this society in 1843 and Keshav
1. Calcutta Unitarian Committee Chandra Sen in 1857. Due to the difference of opinion between
2. Tabernacle of New Dispensation Devendra Nath and Keshav Chandra, on 11 November, 1866,
3. Indian Reform Association Keshav Chandra formally formed ‘Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj’
Keshav Chandra Sen is associated with the whereas earlier established Brahmo Samaj was known as
establishment of which of the above? ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj.’ All these details are available on the
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only website www.thebramhmosamaj.net, Gazetteer of India (vol-
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 IInd : History and Culture) and Macmillan published ‘social,
I.A.S. (Pre) 2016 cultural and economic history of India’ (writer – Puri, Das,
Ans. (b) and Chopra). Later famous historians Prof. B. L. Grover and
Calcutta Unitarian Committee was established by Raja Ram Prof. R. L. Shukla etc. in their book unknowingly described
Mohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, and William Adam, while Keshav Chandra’s ‘Neo Brahmo Samaj’ as ‘Adi Brahmo
Keshav Chandra Sen laid the foundation of the temple called Samaj.’ As described by famous historians, other books, and
“Tabernacle of New Dispensation”. India Reform Association examination institutions termed Keshav Chandra Sen as the
was formed on 29th October 1870 with Keshav Chandra founder of ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’ whereas the fact is entirely
Sen as its president. Thus, the establishment of ‘Tabernacle opposite. Therefore Keshav’s ‘Neo Brahmo Samaj’ was
of New dispensation’ and ‘India Reform Association’ was ‘Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj’ and basic Brahmo Samaj under
related with Keshav Chandra Sen. Hence, option (b) is the the leadership of Devendra Nath was ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’.
correct answer. 21. Who founded the Adi Brahmasamaj?
(a) Devendranath Tagore
20. The founder of ‘Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj’ was :
(b) Keshav Chandra Sen
(a) Devendranath Tagore
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(d) Ravindranath Tagore
(c) Keshav Chandra Sen
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2020
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy Ans (a)
reformer who was also known as ‘Maker of Modern India’ 3. It popularized the doctrine that the Vedas are
and ‘Father of Modern India’ and ‘Father of the Bengal infallible.
Renaissance’ and the “ Father of Indian nationalism.” Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
23. The Brahmo Samaj is based on the principle of : (c) Only 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) Monotheism (b) Polytheism I.A.S. (Pre) 2012
(c) Atheism (d) Monism Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
Brahmo Samaj was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999 1828. The principles of Brahmo Samaj were as follows-
Ans. (a) (1) Belief in Monotheism and to free Hinduism from evils.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj in 1828. The (2) Opposing idolatry and the dominance of priests.
objectives of Brahmo Samaj were- worship of monotheism, (3) Improving the situation of women.
opposing idolatry and denial of anthropomorphism. Brahmo Swami Dayanand Saraswati popularized the doctrine that the
Samaj emphasized the universal worship of God. According Vedas are infallible. 1 and 2 are correct in context to Brahmo
to Pranyaskaran letters written in 1830, the objective of this Samaj while statement 3 is incorrect. Thus, the (b) is the
society was worshipping eternal, universal and immutable correct answer.
God, who is the performer and the saviour of the whole world. 26. Which one the following social reformers strongly
24. Which of the following were not protested by Raja opposed Jury Act of 1826'?
Ram Mohan Roy? (a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(a) Child marriage (b) Sati system (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Western education (d) Idolatry (c) Mahadev Govind Ranade
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992 (d) Rajnarayan Basu
Ans. (c) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
Ans. (b)
Ram Mohan was an ardent advocate of western education
through the medium of English. In a letter, dated 11 December, According to Jury Act of 1826, the natives (Hindus and
1823, to Lord Amherst, he wrote, “We now find that the Muslims) could sit as Jurors in the cases of trials of Hindus
Government is establishing a Sanskrit school under Hindu and Muslims but were debarred from sitting as such in those
pandits to impart knowledge as is already current in India. cases which were of Christians. On the other hand Christians
This seminary can only be expected to load the minds of had full right to sit as Jurors in trials of Hindus and Muslims.
the physical distinctions of little or no practical use to the Ram Mohan Roy strongly opposed this act and the flagrant
society….The Sanskrit system of education would be best injustice contained under the act.
28. Vivekanand attended the ‘Parliament of World’s See the explanation of above question.
Religions’ held at Chicago in 33. Who among the following famous reformers wrote the
(a) 1872 (b) 1890 books Jnyana Yoga, Karma Yoga, and Raja Yoga?
(c) 1893 (d) 1901 (a) Swami Vivekananda
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 (b) Ranade
Ans. (c) (c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Ramakrishna Paramahansa
See the explanation of above question.
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015
29. Who among the following participated in the parlia- Ans. (a)
ment of Religions held at Chicago in 1893?
The ‘Patron saint’ of India, Swami Vivekananda is respected
(a) Dayananda Saraswati throughout the world as a spiritual genius. One of the quotes
(b) Swami Vivekananda of him, “Truth can be stated in a thousand different ways,
(c) Mahatma Gandhi yet each one can be true.” Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti
(d) Raja Rammohan Roy Yoga and Jnyana Yoga are works of Swami Vivekananda.
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020 34. Who was the founder of Ram Krishna Mission?
Ans (b) (a) Ramkrishna Paramhansa
(b) M.N. Das Gupta
See the explanation of above question.
(c) Swami Vivekananda
30. When did Swami Vivekanand deliver his speech in (d) Swami Rangnath Nanda
‘World Religion Conference’ in Chicago U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004
(a) 1863 (b) 1892 M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
(c) 1881 (d) 1894 Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
(d) Swami Vivekanand
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995 The Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth) is the masterpiece
Ans. (c) of Swami Dayanand Saraswati written in 1875. Some call
it as Magnum Opus. Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s original
The founder of Arya Samaj, Swami Dayanand Saraswati,
name was Mool Shankar Tiwari. He was born in 1824 in
used to believe in Vedic culture. He gave the slogan of ‘let’s
Tankara, Gujarat in a rich Brahmin family. Arya Samaj is
go back to Vedas’ and attributed all the beliefs from the
a Hindu reform movement, founded by Swami Dayanand
Vedic period until today as a false religion. Swami Dayanand
Saraswati in the year 1875. Swami Dayanand had unfurled
had unfurled the flag in 1867 known as ‘Pakhand Khandini
the flag in 1867 known as ‘Pakhand Khandini Pataka’ on the
Pataka’ on the bank of Ganga River to enlighten the common
bank of Ganga River to enlighten the common man against
man against the superstitions and other bad rituals that were the superstitions and other bad rituals that were prevailing
prevailing at that time. He denied the authenticity of Puranas at that time. He denied the authenticity of Puranas as he
as he believed that they were responsible for idolatry in believes that they were responsible for idolatry in Hinduism.
Hinduism. Swami Dayanand did a logical, scientific and
critical analysis of faith. According to Annie Besant, Swami 47. The writer of “Satyartha Prakasha” is
Dayanand was the first person who said, “India is only for (a) Swami Vivekanand
the Indians.” Swami Dayanand Saraswati is also known as (b) Swami Nishchalanand
the ‘Martin Luther King of India’ for his efforts in religious (c) Swami Chinmayanand
reforms. (d) Swami Haridas
(e) None of these
44. Who had said, ‘Let’s go back to the Vedas’?
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Ans. (e)
(b) Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Vivekananda See the explanation of above question.
(d) Ramakrishna Paramhansa
48. Who has written ‘Satyarth Prakash’?
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Ans. (b)
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
See the explanation of above question (c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Dayanand Saraswati
45. Who among the following is known as ‘Martin Luther
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
of India’? Ans. (d)
(a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
See the explanation of above question.
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
tion (A) and the other as Reason (R). (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy (b) Swami Dayanand
(c) Swami Vivekanand (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Assertion (A) : The Arya Samaj Movement gave
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999
self-confidence and self-reliance to the
Ans. (b)
Hindus.
Swami Dayanand was the first to use the word ‘Swaraj’ and
Reason (R): The Arya Samaj Movement undermined
declared Hindi as the national language. He was the first
the belief in superiority of White Race. who emphasized to adopt Swadeshi products and boycott
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below: foreign products. All these views were later used in the Indian
Codes: National Movement.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct expla 55. Arrange the following in chronological order :
nation of (A) 1. Tulsidas
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct 2. Raja Rammohan Roy
explanation of (A) 3. Swami Vivekanand
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false 4. Dayanand Saraswati
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true Code :
U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019 (a) 1 2 3 4
Ans (b) (b) 1 2 4 3
Dharma Sabha was an orthodox society, founded in 1830 by reform in Maharashtra in the weekly ’Prabhakar’ under the
Raja Radhakant Deb (1784-1867). He opposed the abolition name ’Lokahitvadi.’ In the first two years, he penned 108
of Sati and also played an active role in promoting Western articles on social reform. That group of articles has come
education among girls. to be known in Marathi literature as ’Lokahitawadinchi
Shatapatre.’ He became the member of Council of Governor-
72. Which of the above following was started in opposition General in 1880. He appeared in the court of Delhi wearing
to the religious/social ideas of Ram Mohan Roy? hand-woven Khadi clothes, as a supporter of the National
(a) Digdarshan (b) Samachar Chandrika self-reliance.
(c) Samvad Kaumudi (d) Bengal Gazette
75. Who was known by the nickname “Lokahitvadi”?
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
(a) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
Ans. (b)
(b) Mahadev Govind Ranade
Bhavani Charan Bandyopadhyay published ‘Samachar
(c) Jyotiba Phule
Chandrika’ in 1822. It was started to oppose the to the
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
religious/social ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Earlier he
was the editor of ‘Samvad Kaumudi’. U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015
Ans. (a)
73. Who was the founder of Radha Swami Satsang?
See the explanation of above question.
(a) Haridas Swami
(b) Shivdyal Sahab 76. The campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra
(c) Shiv Narayan Agnihotri was led by :
(d) Swami Shraddhananda (a) Vishnu Parashuram Pandit
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2002 (b) B.M. Malabari
Ans. (b) (c) Gopal Hari Deshmukh.
Radha Swami Satsang was founded in 1861 by a banker (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
Tulsiram also known as Shivdayal Sahab or Swamiji U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013
Maharaj. Seth Shiv Dayal Ji started his faith on “Satnaam” Ans. (a)
and “Anami”, but the name Radha Swami was coined by The campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra was
Rai Saligram. Rai Saligram used to address Naraini Devi primarily led by Vishnu Parashuram Pandit. He founded
(Wife of Shiv Dayal Ji) as “Radha Ji” and like this, the name ‘Widow Remarriage’ society in 1850 and also launched
“Radha Swami” originated. During the terminal moments of widow re-marriage movement. B.M. Malabari is famous for
his life, as written in the book “Saar Bachan Radha Swami” legally eliminating child marriage.
Satsang.
105. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
103. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer (a) Brahmo Samaj of India -Raja Ram Mohan Roy
by using the codes given below the lists: (b) Tatvabodhini Sabha - Keshav Chandra Sen
List-I List-II (c) The Satyashodhak - Devendranath Tagore
A. Brahmo Samaj 1. Mumbai Samaj
B. Manav Dharma Sabha 2. Surat (d) The Servants of India - Gopal Krishna Gokhale
C. Arya Samaj 3. Kolkata Society
D. Nadwah-ul-Ulama 4. Lucknow U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
Code : Ans. (d)
A B C D
Servants of India Society was founded by Gopal Krishna
(a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 1 4 3 2 Gokhale in 1905 to unite and train Indians of different
(c) 3 1 4 2 ethnicities and religions in welfare work. He also chaired
(d) 3 2 1 4 the 21st session of Indian National Congress in 1905 held in
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003 Banaras. He is also known as a political teacher of Mahatma
Ans. (d) Gandhi. Tatvabodhini Samaj was founded by Devendra Nath
Tagore in 1839 to promote the ideas of Raja Ram Mohan
Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj on August
Roy. In 1866 Brahmo Samaj was divided into two parts, Adi
20, 1828, at Calcutta. Manav Dharma Sabha was founded in
Brahmo Samaj under Devendra Nath Tagore and Bhartiya
Surat. Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj
on April 7, 1875, in Mumbai. Its main objective was the Brahmo Samaj under Keshav Chandra Sen. Satyashodhak
reestablishment of the Vedic religion. Nadwah-ul-Ulama Samaj was founded by Jyotiba Rao Phule in 1873. He also
was founded in Lucknow. It played an important role in the wrote a book named ‘Gulamgiri.’
fields of Muslim social reforms.
106. M.C. Setalvad, B.N. Rao, and Alladi Krishnaswamy
104. Match the following- Iyer were distinguished members of the:
A. Prarthana Samaj 1. Swami Vivekananda (a) Swaraj Party
B. Ramakrishna Mission 2. Mahadev Govind (b) All India National Liberal Federation
Ranade (c) Madras Labour Union
C. Satyashodhak Samaj 3. Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan (d) Servants of India Society
D. Muhammad-Anglo 4. Jyotiba Phule I.A.S. (Pre) 1997
Oriental College Aligarh Ans. (d)
they established the Society’s International Headquarters The Tarkeswar Movement of 1924 in Calcutta (Bengal)
in Adyar, a suburb of Madras (currently Chennai). Swami was against the corrupt priest (Mahant) of Tarkeswar Shiva
Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in 1875 in Bombay. temple. A serious allegation of the misuse of temple fund
and adulterous relationship with the wife of a Government
121. ‘Dar-ul-Ulum was established by –
(a) Maulana Shibli Numani employee was imputed on the priest.
(b) Maulavi Hussain Ahmad
125. ‘Hali System’ concerned :
(c) Maulavi Abdullah Chakralavi
(d) Maulana Ahmad Riza Khan (a) Bonded labour
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014 (b) Exploitation of peasants
(c) Untouchability
Ans. (a)
(d) Illiteracy
‘Dar-ul’Ulum’ Nadwatul Ulma in General known as Dar- U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
Ul-Uloom was established at Lucknow in 1898. It was Ans. (a)
established by Nadwatul Ulma. Nadwatul Uloom was
established by Maulana Luftullah and Maulana Shibli Hali System was concerned with bonded labour. Tribals of
Numani at Kanpur in 1893. Shibli Numani was a teacher at Kapilraj tribe in Bardoli had to work as patrimonial labourers
Dar-ul-Uloom or Ulum. under high-class patrons according to the Hali system.
October, 1851 in Calcutta whose founders were Rajendra Lal (c) A.O. Hume
Mitra, Radhakant Dev (Director) and Devendra Nath Tagore (d) Surendranath Banerjee
(General Secretary) etc. *Sayed Amir Ali in 1877 founded 45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001
Central Mohammadian National Association at Calcutta. Ans. (d)
*Getting inspired from Raj Narayan Bose, Nabagopal Mitra in The Indian Association was founded by Surendranath
1867 founded a Society named ‘Hindu Mela’. The main aim Banerjee with the cooperation of Anand Mohan Bose in
of this society was to promote the feeling of autonomy and use Calcutta, on 26 July 1876. This was the most significant
of indigenous goods amongst the masses.* In 1843, George political association among all contemporaries nationalist
Thomas founded Bengal British India Society.* Bombay organisations prior to the Indian National Congress. Indian
Presidency Association was founded in 1885 by Firozshah Association preferred middle class than landlords.
Mehta, K.T. Telang and Badruddin Tyabjee. These three are
4. Who amongst the following was the founder of ‘Indian
known as Trimurti of Bombay.
Association’
1. The first Political Organization established in India in (a) Bipin Chandra Pal (b) Dadabhai Naoroji
1838 was known as
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale (d) S.N. Bannerjee
(a) British India Society
(b) Bengal British India Society U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
(c) Settlers Association Ans. (d)
(d) Zamindari Association
See the explanation of above question.
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
I.A.S. (Pre) 1993 5. The most important of the pre-Congress Nationalist
Ans. (d) Organisation was the
The first political organization established in India was (a) Bengal British India Society
known as the Zamindari Association or Landholders Society (b) East India Association
(1838) in Calcutta. It was the first political organisation which (c) Young Bengal Association
introduced organized efforts and constitutional remedies for (d) Indian Association of Calcutta
complaints. Its main purpose was to secure the interests of
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
landlords. The founder members were Dwaraka Nath Tagore
and his associate landlords. Ans. (d)
2. Which one of the following submitted in 1875 a petition See the explanation of above question.
to the House of Commons demanding India’s direct 6. Which one of the following Indian leaders was
representation in the British Parliament? dismissed by the British from the Indian Civil Service?
(a) 1874 AD (b) 1877 AD Indian Association – July, 1876. – founded by Surendra Nath
(c) 1885 AD (d) 1892 AD Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose.
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above Madras Mahajan Sabha : May, 1884 founded by G.
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016 Subramaniam, P. Anand Charlu and V. Raghava Chari. Thus
Ans. (a)
the correct sequence is – 1, 4, 3, 2 therefore, option (d) is
Surendra Nath Banerjee was dismissed from Civil Services the correct.
in the year 1874 for making a minor judicial error.
11. The Madras Mahajan Sabha was established in the
8. Name the organization formed by Surendranath year-
Banerjee which merged with the Indian National (a) 1880 (b) 1881
Congrees in 1886:
(c) 1882 (d) 1883
(a) East India Association
(b) London India Society 53 to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
rd
29. Bombay Presidency Association was established by -: was the President of Theosophical Society from 1907 to 1933.
(a) Ferozshah Mehta In 1916, she founded Home Rule Movement and in 1917 she
9. Who was the first President of the Indian National 15. The Indian National Congress was established during
Congress? the viceroyalty of:
(a) A.O. Hume (b) W.C. Banerjee (a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Lytton
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) None of these
(c) Lord Elgin II (d) Lord Dufferin
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011
See the explanation of above question. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
Ans. (d)
10. Who among the following presided over the first annual
meeting of the Indian National Congress? The Indian National Congress was established during the
(a) A.O. Hume (b) Dadabhai Nauroji tenure of Viceroy Lord Dufferin (1884-1888). He had
(c) S.N. Banerjee (d) W.C. Banerjee
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 ridiculed Congress as representing only a short-sighted
Ans. (d) minority of the people.
See the explanation of above question. 16. Who was the Governor-General when the Indian
National Congress was founded in 1885 ?
11. The President of the Indian National Congress in 1885 (a) Lord Linlithgo (b) Lord Wellesley
was – (c) Lord Dufferin (d) Lord Salisbury
(a) George Yule (b) Dadabhai Nauroji
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
(c) W.C. Bannerji (d) W. Wedderburn
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004 Ans. (c)
Ans. (c) See the explanation of above question.
See the explanation of above question. 17. Who had ridiculed Congress as representing only a
12. The first President of Indian National Congress was short-sighted minority of the people?
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji (a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Dufferin
(b) Surendra Nath Bannerji (c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Wellesley
(c) Womesh Chandra Bannerjee U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
(d) A. O. Hume Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
Ans. (c) See the explanation of above question.
See the explanation of above question. 18. Who among the following was not present at the
founding session of the Indian National Congress:
13. Who among the following was the first President of the (a) Dadabhai Naoroji
Indian National Congress? (b) G. Subramaniya Iyer
(a) A. O. Hume (b) S. N. Banerjee (c) Justice Ranade
(c) W. C. Banerjee (d) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Surendranath Bannerjee
U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
See the explanation of above question.
Indian Association was founded by Surendranath Banerjee
14. The General Secretary of the Indian National Congress and Anand Mohan at Bengal in 1876 to promote youth
in the year 1885 was : nationalism. All Indian National Conference was held in
(a) A.O. Hume (b) Dadabhai Naoroji December, 1883. The second conference was held in Calcutta
(c) W.C. Banerjee (d) Firoz Shah Mehta in December 1885 which was presided over by Surendranath
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010 Bannerjee. That’s why Surendranath Banerjee was not present
Ans. (a) in the founding session of Indian National Congress.
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1996 Besant was a lady of Irish origin and was one of the few
Ans. (b) foreigners who played a significant role in the Indian freedom
‘British Committee of India’ was established in London movement. Statement 2 is correct because Badruddin Tyabji
in July, 1889 with the purpose to gain support for Indian was the first Muslim President of Indian National Congress
National Congress under the presidency of William Digby. elected in 1887, for third Session of INC at Madras.
It was a committee of Indian National Congress. This 24. Who was the Second Muslim President in the Indian
committee released weekly magazine “India” to convey National Congress?
Indian issues to British. (a) Abul Kalam Azad
(b) Zakir Hussain
21. First Muslim President of Indian National Congress (c) Rahimtulla Mahomed Sayani
was: (d) Badruddin Tyabji
(a) Abul Kalam Azad (b) Rafi Ahmad Kidwai (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(c) M.A. Ansari (d) Badruddin Tyyabji 66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 Ans (c)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005 Second Muslim President of the Indian National Congress
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995 was Rahimtulla M. Sayani. He was president in 1896 Calcutta
Ans. (d) session. In this session 'Vande Mataram' was sung for the first
Badruddin Tyabji was the first Muslim President of Indian time by Rabindranath Tagore.
National Congress elected in 1887 at Madras session held 25. The first European to be elected as President of the
on 27-30 December. He was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress was
third session. (a) A. O. Hume (b) George Yule
(c) Alfred Webb (d) Annie Besant
22. Who was the 1st Muslim President of Indian National
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013
Congress?
Ans. (b)
(a) Abul Kalam Azad (b) Shaukat Ali
The First European to be elected as President of the Indian
(c) Mohammad Ali Jinnah (d) Badruddin Tyabji
National Congress was George Yule. He presided over the
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
4th session of INC, 1888.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003
Ans. (d) 26. Who among the following was never concerned with
the Indian National Congress?
See the explanation of above question.
(a) Firozshah Mehta
27. Who among the following was never elected as a 31. For which of the following sessions the Congress elected
President of the ‘Indian National Congress.’ its first women President?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai (b) Annie Besant (a) Calcutta Session, 1917
(c) Moti Lal Nehru (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (b) Gaya Session, 1922
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 (c) Allahabad Session, 1921
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 (d) Lucknow Session, 1916
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015
Ans. (d) Ans. (a)
Lala Lajpat Rai, popularly known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab (The 32nd session of Indian National Congress was held on 26-
Lion of Punjab) presided over Indian National Congress 29 December, 1917 in Calcutta in which Annie Besant was
in a special session of Calcutta 1920. He was the author elected as first woman President of Indian National Congress.
of ‘Unhappy India.’ Annie Besant was a prominent Anglo-
Irish nationalist lady. She became a prominent leader of the 32. Who was the first lady president of the Indian National
Congress:
Theosophical Society during 1907-1933. She constituted
(a) N. Sen Gupta (b) Sarojini Naidu
‘Home Rule League’ in 1916 and became the first female
(c) Annie Besant (d) Kadambini Bose
President of Indian National Congress in 1917. Moti Lal R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012
Nehru became President of Congress in 1919 and 1928 and U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
established the ‘Swaraj Party’ in 1923. Tilak was born in a U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
Chitpavan Brahmin family of Maharashtra. He edited the Ans. (c)
newspapers ‘Kesari’ and ‘Maratha,’ and gave the famous
See the explanation of above question.
slogan of ‘Swaraj is my birthright’ but was never a elected
President of Congress. 33. Who among the following was the first woman
President of the Indian National Congress?
28. Who among the trio-Lal, Bal and Pal became president (a) Mrs. Sarojini Naidu (b) Mrs. Annie Besant
of the Indian National Congress: (c) Mrs. N. Sengupta (d) None of the above
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal (d) None of them Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (a)
34. Who was the first women president of the Indian
See the explanation of above question. National Congress?
was a loyal and trustful colleague of Gandhiji. She went many for 9 years were reintroduced to Congress. Ambika Charan
times to jail. She was the first Indian woman who became Mazumdar served as the President in Lucknow Session, 1916.
the Governor of Uttar Pradesh in 1947-49.
39. At which place was the 27th Session of the Indian
36. Who was the first Indian woman President of the National Congress held?
Indian National Congress? (a) Bhagalpur (b) Patna
(a) Mrs. Annie Besant (b) Sucheta Kriplani (c) Ranchi (d) Bankipur
(c) Sarojini Naidu (d) Indira Gandhi 53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015 Ans. (d)
Ans. (c)
In 1912, Indian National Congress held its 27th session at
See the explanation of above question. Bankepur (Patna) under the Presidency of R.N. Mudholkar.
In this session, A.O. Hume was called as the father of the
37. Who among the following was the youngest person to Indian National Congress.
become the President of the Indian National Congress?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Abul Kalam Azad 40. In which of the following Sessions of the Indian National
(c) Ananda Mohan Bose (d) Bhupendra Nath Bose Congress Bal Gangadhar Tilak had expressed,”Swaraj
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 is my birthright, I shall have it.”
Ans. (b) (a) Banaras Session, 1905 (b) Calcutta Session, 1906
(c) Surat Session, 1907 (d) Lucknow Session, 1916
Abul Kalam Azad presided over the special session of the U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
Indian National Congress held at Delhi in 1923. He was the Ans. (d)
youngest to become the president of the Indian National
Congress. He was the president of Indian National Congress Tilak proclaimed vigourously “Swaraj is my birthright, I shall
continuously for 6 years (1940-1946) which is the longest have it” in the Lucknow session of INC, 1916. Extremists
period by any person before independence. Jawaharlal Nehru joined Congress again in this session and “Lucknow Pact”
was president of INC at Lahore session in 1929. Ananda was signed by the efforts of Tilak and Annie Besant. It is
Mohan Bose in 1898 (Madras) and Bhupendra Nath Bose in famous as ‘Congress-League Agreement’ also.
1914 (Madras) became the president of INC.
41. Who said, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have
38. Consider the following Statements: it”?
1. The First Session of the Indian National Congress (a) Bipin Chandra Pal (b) Aurobindo Ghosh
was held in Calcutta (c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (d) Subhash Chandra Bose
2. The Second Session of the Indian National Congress (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
was held under the presidentship of Dadabhai Naoroji 65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
3. Both Indian National Congress and Muslim Ans. (c)
League held their sessions at Lucknow in 1916 and
concluded the Lucknow Pact See the explanation of above question.
See the explanation of above question. (c) Lord Dufferin (d) Lord Minto
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
44. Who among the following said, “Swaraj is our birth- U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
right”?
Ans. (b)
(a) M.K. Gandhi (b) G. K. Gokhale
(c) B. G. Tilak (d) Dadabhai Naoroji British think tank assumed that Congress, under the guidance
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015 of moderates, was a weak political institution which had
Ans. (c) no trust of Indians also so that it would be devasted easily.
The policy was provoked by Lord Curzon vigorously, he
See the explanation of above question. declared in 1900 that “The Congress is faltering to its fall
45. Consider the following statements about the Indian and one of my great ambitions while in India is to assist it
National Congress: to a peaceful demise.”
1. Sarojini Naidu was the first woman to be the
48. While delivering the presidential address, the Congress
President of the Congress,
2. C.R. Das was in prison when he functioned as the President who advocated the introduction of Roman
President of the Congress script for the Hindi language was:
3. The first Britisher to become the President of the (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
Congress was Alan Octavian Hume (c) Abul Kalam Azad (d) Subhash Chandra Bose
4. Alfred Webb was the President of the Congress in I.A.S. (Pre) 2000
1894.
Ans. (d)
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 While delivering the Presidential address in 1938, Subhash
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Chandra Bose advocated the introduction of Roman script
I.A.S. (Pre) 2000 for the Hindi language. Shubhash Chandra Bose presided
Ans. (b) over Haripura session of INC in 1938.
The first lady president of Indian National Congress was
49. Who among the following suggested the winding up
Annie Besant, who presided over the Calcutta session
of the Indian National Congress after India attained
of 1917. A.O. Hume was the founder of Indian National
independence?
Congress, but he was never the President of Congress. He
was appointed as secretary of INC. C.R. Das presided over the (a) C. Rajagopalachari (b) Acharya Kripalni
1922 Gaya session. C.R. Das was nominated as the president (c) Mahatma Gandhi (d) Jayaprakash Narain
for 1921 Ahmedabad session, but as he was then in prison, so Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
Hakim Ajmal Khan presided over, and Das acted as president U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
from prison- Alfred Webb was the president of 1894 Madras I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
session of Congress. Ans. (c)
Ans. (a)
For writing the Constitution of Congress, Gandhi wanted the
Chittaranjan Das was the President of Gaya Session of
cooperation of Tilak and Das but as they were overloaded
Indian National Congress held in 1922. He was an eminent
with work and they were not available to serve the purpose,
their Junior N.C. Kelkar and I.B. Sen replaced them and lawyer who distinguished himself by successfully defending
helped Gandhi to write the Constitution of Congress. Aurobindo Ghosh in famous Alipore Bomb Case. Along
with Motilal Nehru, he formed the Swaraj Party within the
51. One Governor-General took part in one of the Congress INC, with the declared policy of entering the councils and
Sessions. Identify the Governor-General and place disrupting their functioning. He is also known as Deshbandhu.
where the Session was held :
(a) Lord Irwin - Karachi - 1931 55. Given below is a list of persons who became Presidents
(b) Lord Wellington-Bombay - 1915 of Indian National Congress. Arrange then in
(c) Lord Dufferin- Bombay - 1885 chronological order.
(d) Lord Hardinge-Lucknow - 1916
Select your answer using the code given below the list.
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
1. Mahatma Gandhi 2. Jawaharlal Nehru
Ans. (b)
3. Vallabh Bhai Patel 4. Smt. Sarojini Naidu
Lord Wellington participated in the 31st session of Congress. This Code :
session was held in Bombay in 1915. It is notable that he was (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3, 4 and 2
not the Governor-General of India at the time of the session. His (c) 1, 4, 2 and 3 (d) 4, 3, 1 and 2
tenure was from 1931 to 36 as Governer General and Viceroy. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004
52. Which of the following sessions of the Indian National U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
Congress was presided over by C. Vijay Raghav Ans. (c)
Chariar?
According to the question, Presidents of Indian National
(a) Lucknow Session (1916)
(b) Nagpur Session (1920) Congress, are as follows -
(c) Gaya Session (1922 Mahatma Gandhi presided INC only once in Belgaum
(d) None of the above Session, 1924. Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian women
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016 President of Indian National Congress. She presided over the
Ans. (b)
40th annual session at Kanpur in 1925. Jawahar Lal Nehru
C. Vijay Raghav Chariar presided Indian National Congress presided over Lahore Session in 1929, Lucknow Session in
in 1920 at Nagpur session, where Gandhiji’s advocacy of
‘Poorna Swaraj’ through Non-cooperation was debated and April, 1936 and Faizpur Session in December, 1936, while
accepted. Patel presided over Karachi session held in 1931.
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013 Subhash Chandra Bose. National Planning Committee was
Ans. (c) constituted in this session and Jawaharlal Nehru was elected
as President of the Committee. Rajendra Prasad was elected
See the explanation of above question. as President in 1934. Later on, Abul Kalam Azad was elected
58. Match List-I with the List-II and select the correct as President of Congress in 1940-1946. While J. B. Kripalani
answer from the code given below: was President of the Meerut Session which was held in 1946.
List - I List - II
61. Who was elected as the President of the Indian National
(Places, where
(President) Meetings of Indian Congress for the year 1938?
National Congress was (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Subhas Chandra Bose
held) (c) Abul Kalam Azad (d) Vallabhbhai Patel
A. Abul Kalam Azad 1. Amritsar, 1919 M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
B. Sarojini Naidu 2. Bombay, 1934 Ans. (b)
C. Motilal Nehru 3. Kanpur. 1925
See the explanation of above question.
D. Dr. Rajendra Prasad 4. Ramgarh, 1940
Code : 62. Match List-I with List -II and select the correct answer
A B C D from the code given below the lists–
(a) 1 3 2 4 A. Dr. M.A. Ansari 1. Haripura
(b) 2 4 3 1 B. Purushottam Das Tandon 2. Kanpur
(c) 3 2 4 1 C. Sarojini Naidu 3. Madras
(d) 4 3 1 2 D. Subhash Chandra Bose 4. Nasik
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014 Code :
Ans. (d) A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3
President of INC Session year Place (b) 2 3 1 4
Motilal Nehru 1919 Amritsar (c) 3 4 2 1
Sarojini Naidu 1925 Kanpur (d) 4 1 3 2
Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1934 Bombay U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Abul Kalam Azad 1940 Ramgarh Ans. (c)
59. In which of the following sessions of Indian National Haripura Congress Session was presided over by Subhash
Congress, Jawaharlal Nehru spoke of socialism as the Chandra Bose in 1938. Nasik session was presided over by
key to the solution of India’s problems? Purushottam Das Tandon in 1950. Madras session (1927)
(a) Lahore (b) Lucknow was presided over by Dr. M.A. Ansari and Kanpur Session
(c) Allahabad (d) Ramgarh (1925) was presided over by Sarojini Naidu.
Abul Kalam Azad was the president of Indian National The last session of Indian National Congress attended
Congress for six consecutive years from 1940-46 during the by Bal Gangadhar Tilak was Amritsar Session,1919. He
Quit India Movement. He also became the youngest person had mellowed sufficiently to oppose Gandhi’s policy
to serve as president in 1923 at the age of 35 in Delhi special of boycotting the elections to the legislative councils
session. After Independence, the longest-serving president of established as part of the reforms that followed from
INC is Sonia Gandhi (1998-2017).
the Montagu-Chelmsford Report to Parliament in 1918.
64. President of Indian National Congress at the time of Instead, Tilak advised the delegates to follow his policy
Independence was? of ‘responsive cooperation’ in carrying out the reforms,
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(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Jawaharlal Nehru which introduced a certain degree of Indian participation
(c) J.B. Kriplani (d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad in regional Government. He died on 1st August, 1920.
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
Ans. (c) Moderates and Extremists
J. B. Kripalani was the President of Indian National Congress in Congress
at the time of Independence Elected in November 1946 at
Meerut Session. Acharya (scholar) Jiwantram Bhagwandas *The first two decades of INC is described in history as
Kripalani was a Gandhian Socialist, environmentalist, mystic a moderate era. Some of the prominent moderate leaders
and freedom fighter and was noted for his incorruptibility were Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee,
and determination. Kriplani was prominently involved over Mahadev Govind Ranade, Feroz Shah Mehta, Gopal
a decade in top Congress party affairs and the organization of Krishna Gokhale and Anand Mohan Bose. They had a
the Salt Satyagraha and the Quit India Movement. Kriplani sense of confidence in British justice and their generosity.
served in the interim Government of India (1946–1947) and They never aimed at aggressive nationalism for attaining
the Constituent Assembly of India. independence. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala
65. On which occasion was ‘Jana-Gana Mana,’ first sung? Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal, raised extremist ideology.
*Dadabhai Naoroji, Firozshah Mehta, Dinsha Wacha, Womesh
(a) 1896 Session of INC
Banerjee and Surendra Nath Banerjee were leaders of Moderate
(b) 1905 Session of INC
group, they all belonged to urban areas, in fact most of the
(c) 1911 Session of INC Moderate leaders who believed in moderate politics belonged
(d) 1919 Session of INC to Urban areas. The Congress during moderate phase was
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 dominated by people having professions like Advocates,
Ans. (c) Doctors, Engineers, Journalists and Person related to Literature
works. The Connection to common masses was missing in
“Jana Gana Mana” is the national anthem of India. Written Congress during Moderate domination. *Firozshah Mehta
in Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn once said, “The voice of Congress is not of Masses, but it
composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. is the responsibility of citizens in contact with Congress to
It was first sung during Calcutta Session of the Indian understand these emotions and propagate these to the Nation.”
National Congress on 27 December, 1911. “Jana Gana Mana” *Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a moderate leader. He believed
was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the in the purity of Means and Ends. He was the political mentor
of Mahatma Gandhi. For the first time, he took part in politics
Indian National Anthem on 24 January, 1950.
from the stage of Allahabad session of Congress in 1888.
aggressive resistance and strong determination. *Extremists holding an annual conference, making speeches, passing
wanted ‘Swaraj’ as “complete Independence from English” elaborate resolutions and sending deputations to England.
The Extremists had no faith in the benevolence of British
on the other hand moderates believed in “Self rule under the
public or Parliament, nor were they convinced of the efficacy
colonial empire”. *Lala Lajpat Rai also known as Sher-e-
of merely holding conferences. Extremists had faith in the
Panjab, was the representative from Punjab and an extremist
concept of passive resistance.
leader. He is also known as Punjab Kesari. *Lala Lajpat Rai,
Bipin Chandra Pal and Bal Gangadhar Tilak are together called 2. Which one of the following movements has contributed
as Lal-Bal-Pal. During a protest against Simon Commission to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in
Lala Lajpat Rai got injured in lathi charge due to which he the emergence of ‘moderates’ and ‘extremists’?
died on 17 November, 1928. After reading the Biography of (a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
Mazzini (Nation Father of Italy), Lala Lajpat Rai accepted him
(c) Non-cooperation Movement
as his political mentor. *He translated a work of Mazzini ‘The
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement
Duty of Man’ into Urdu.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2015
*During the Partition of Bengal, Aurobindo Ghosh was the main
Ans. (a)
leader of the Swadeshi Movement. Others important leaders
of this movement were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak Surat split (1907), refers to the split in the Congress party into
and Bipin Chandra Pal. Tilak believed in sacrifice and had two groups : ‘Moderates’ and ‘Extremist.’ Moderates believed
courage to challenge British establishment. He was called as the in the policy of settlement of minor issue with Government
"Father of Indian unrest" by Sir Valentine Chirol. After the by deliberation, strike, and boycotts to force their demands.
announcement of Tilak’s sentence, Maxmuller wrote a letter to The moderates opposed the resolutions on Swaraj, Swadeshi
Privy Council asking mercy for Tilak stating him as a learned and boycott of foreign goods but extremists were not in favour
Individual of Sanskrit. *In 1908, Tilak was jailed for 6 Years of these. Hence, the difference of opinion between moderates
in Burma on the charges of treason initiated against him on and extremist finally reached to split in the Congress at the
Surat Session (1907).
printing an anti-British Article in his magazine ‘Kesari’. *Tilak
wrote ‘Gita Rahasya’ from ‘Mandale’ prison. Starting Shivaji 3. Most of the moderate leader hailed from :
Mahotsav and Ganpati festival, he tried to grow the feeling of (a) Rural areas
(b) Urban areas
Nationalism amongst the masses. He died on 1st August, 1920,
(c) Both rural and urban area
and his funeral bier was lifted by Mahatma Gandhi, Maulana
(d) Punjab
Shauqat Ali and Saiffudin Kichlu. Maulana Hasrat Mohani read 43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
the elegy after his death. Ans. (b)
In 1908 Tilak was sentenced to 6 years imprisonment. He was Indian Muslims, in general, were not attracted to the extremist
deported to Burma and kept in Mandalay Fortress along with movement because of the extremist policy of harping on
Hindu part. Aurobindo Ghosh proclaimed that "Independence
Lala Lajpat Rai and others. The cause of sentence was the
is the purpose of our lives and only Hindu religion will fulfil
publication of some seditious articles in his weekly papers
this objective. Nationality is a religion, and it is a gift of God.
‘The Kesari.’ In opposition to the sentence, first political
strike took place in Bombay by the labours of Bombay 31. Assertion (A) : Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a
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cloth mill. Tilak wrote the book’ Gita Rahasya’during his communalist.
imprisonment period in ‘Mandalay Jail.’ Reason (R) : He used the religion as a political
weapon.
28. In 1908, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was imprisoned for – Select your answer by using the codes given below :
(a) 5 years (b) 6 years (a) A and R both are correct, and R is the correct
(c) 7 years (d) 8 years explanation of A.
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999 (b) A and R both are correct, but the R is not the correct
Ans. (b) explanation of A.
See the explanation of above question. (c) A is correct, but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong, but R is correct.
29. Which one of the following defines extremist ideology U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2001
during the early phase of Indian freedom movement? Ans. (d)
(a) Stimulating the production of indigenous articles by The Assertion (A) in the question is not correct because Bal
giving them preference over imported commodities. Gangadhar Tilak was actually a staunch nationalist who
(b) Obtaining self-Government by aggressive means in supported for ‘Swaraj’ as the birthright of every Indian and
place of petitions and constitutional ways. in this way he tried to make close contact with the people
(c) Providing national educational according to the of India and his view was considered as a pioneer of M. K.
requirements of the country. Gandhi. He started ‘Ganapati Parva’ and ‘Shivaji Mahotsava’
(d) Organizing coups against the British empire through in Maharashtra to enthuse Nationalist feelings among
military revolt. masses. On the other hand, he used religion as a political
I.A.S. (Pre) 1998 weapon but not for communal purposes.
Ans. (b)
32. Bal Gangadhar Tilak came to be known as 'Lokmanya
Moderates believed in constitutional methods of British Laws, Tilak' when –
adopting proposals and delegations to London for negotiation (a) he became a popular teacher
and discussion. On the other hand, extremists believed (b) he started a popular newspaper
in aggressive protests, self-sacrifices and determination (c) the government accused him in the Rand Murder Case
at the beginning of the Indian Independence Movement. (d) he started the Shivaji and Ganpati festivals
Independence meant for extremist as Complete Independence (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
from foreign control, while moderates meant Independence B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
as self-governance under colonial rule. Ans. (e)
(a) B.G.Tilak (b) M.G. Ranade Anushilan, Gadar Party etc. He was also known as Bagha
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal (d) Aurobindo Ghosh Jatin. Anushilan Samiti was founded at Midnapur in 1902
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005 by Gyanendra Nath Basu. At Culcutta-first branch in March
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996 by Satish Chandra Basu and second branch in 1902 by Pramath
Ans. (a) Nath Mitra, Jatindra Nath Banarjee (Bagha Jatin) and Barindra
See the explanation of above question. Nath Ghose. Another Anushilan Samiti founded at Dhaka
in October, 1906 by Pulin Bihari Das. Note - Hemchandra
35. Who among the following transformed the traditional
Kanoongo was Assistant and Bomb expert of Calcutta
Ganapati festival of Maharashtra into a national fes-
Anushilan Samiti. Yugantar (weekly paper) was published in
tival and gave it a political character?
(a) Ramdas 1906 under the leadership of Barindra Ghosh and Bhupendra
(b) Shivaji Nath Dutta. *Vyayam Mandal was founded by Chapekar
(c) Mahadev Govind Ranade Brothers - Damodar Hari Chapekar and Bal Krishna Hari
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak Chapekar and Vashudev Hari Chapekar in 1896-97 at Poona.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007 It was founded with clear political intentions. In June 1897,
Ans. (d) Chapekar Brothers killed President of Poona plague committee
See the explanation of above question. Rand and Lieutenant Ayerst. Damodar Hari Chapekar was
hanged in this crime. They were arrested on the information
36. Along with Mahatma Gandhi who amongst the follow- given by Dravid Brothers. Britishers charged Tilak along with
ing Muslims did lift the bier of Bal Gangadhar Tilak? other Brahmans of Poona for killing Rand but they got no
(a) Shaukat Ali evidence to prove that. * In July 1897, Tilak was charged with
(b) Mohammad Ali sedition as per Section 124-A of IPC and was sentenced for 18
(c) Maulana A.K. Azad months. It made Tilak an All India leader and people gave him
(d) M.A. Ansari
the title of Lokmanya. *In December 1909, Anant Laxman
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
Kanhere a member of Karve Group shot and killed District
Ans. (a)
Magistrate of Nasik ‘Jackson’. Kanhere, Krishna Gopal Karve
Shaukat Ali and Dr. Saifuddin Kichalu along with Mahatma and Vinayak Desh Pandey were hanged in Jackson murder case.
Gandhi lifted the bier of Bal Gangadhar Tilak after his death *V.D. Savarkar was arrested in London and brought to Nasik
on 1 August, 1920 and Maulana Hasrat Mohani read the with some other people who were charged in Nasik conspiracy
Elegy after his death. and was sentenced life imprisonment. *The place of Barra
to escape police and Khudiram Bose was caught and hanged. by the name of "Master Da". *The Indian Republican Army
(IRA) was established by Surya Sen in Bengal and on 18th April,
*In Alipore Conspiracy Case (1908), Arbind Ghosh, his
1930, the plan was executed by the members of IRA namely
brother Barindra Ghosh all together 39 persons were arrested
Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath, Nirmal Sen, Ambika Chakraborty,
for bearing illegal weapons. Seventeen people were sentenced,
Naresh Roy, Kalpana Dutt, Anand Gupta, Tegrabal, etc in-
but Arbind Ghosh was released. Chitranjan Das putting a lot
cluding Surya Sen. Struggle took place on 22nd April, 1930
of efforts saved Arbind Ghosh. Kanhai Lal Dutt and Satyendra
between Government forces and IRA in which 80 soldiers and
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11. In which year the Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh was 63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
founded by Hedgewar? Ans. (c)
(a) 1927 (b) 1929 Anushilan Samiti was a revolutionary organisation which
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(c) 1924 (d) 1925 belived in the path of violence. Sachindra Nath Sanyal
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 established a branch of it in 1913 at Patna.
Ans. (d)
15. Activities of Barindra Ghosh had given birth of
Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh was founded by Keshav secret revolutionary organization named as-
Baliram Hedgewar on 27 September 1925 at Nagpur. It was (a) Anushilan Samiti
founded as a social Organisation to provide training and to (b) Swadeshi Bandhawa Samiti
unite the Hindu community. The Headquarter is situated in (c) Brati Samiti
Nagpur. (d) Sadhawa Samaj
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
12. Yugantar Party was led by –
Ans. (a)
(a) Jatindranath Mukherjee
(b) Sachindranath Sanyal Barindra Ghosh was a younger brother of Sri Aurobindo
(c) Rasbehari Bose Ghosh. Barindra was influenced by Aurobindo and joined
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose revolutionary movement. In the year 1905, he wrote an article
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009 in a book ‘’Bhawani Mandir’’ about the detailed description
Ans. (a) for the formation of a centre for organizing revolutionary
works and is credited for spreading revolutionary ideas in
A revolutionary group had been reorganizing the Yugantar
Bengal along with Bhupendra Nath Dutt. Their activities
Party under the leadership of Jatindranath (1879-1915). He
led to the formation of Anushilan Samiti, a revolutionary
is also known as ‘Bagha Jatin.’
organization.
13. Who had founded the ‘Anushilan Samiti’?
16. Barindra Ghosh was associated:
(a) P. Mitra (b) Varindra Ghosh
(a) Anushilan Samiti
(c) V.D. Savarkar (d) Narendra Gosain
(b) Sadhawa Samaj
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
(c) Abhinav Bharat
Ans. (a)
(d) Swadesh Bandhaw Samiti
Anushilan Samiti was founded at Midnapur in 1902 by U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008
Gyanendra Nath Basu. At Culcutta-first branch in March by Ans. (a)
Satish Chandra Basu and second branch in 1902 by Pramath
See the explanation of above question.
Nath Mitra, Jatindra Nath Mukherjee (Bagha Jatin) and
Barindra Nath Ghose. Another Anushilan Samiti founded 17. The ‘Anushilan Samiti’ was –
at Dhaka in October, 1906 by Pulin Bihari Das. Note - (a) dedicated to the upliftment of women
Hemchandra Kanoongo was Assistant and Bomb expert of (b) promoting widow remarriage
revolutionary terrorists of the freedom movement in: 63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
(a) Bombay-Karnataka (b) Punjab Ans (a)
(c) East Bengal (d) The Madras Presidency Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie was a British Indian army
I.A.S. (Pre) 1995 officer. He was assassinated on 1 July 1909 in London by
Ans. (c) Madanlal Dhingra.
Pulin Behari Das, who constructed the National School in 23. The revolutionary, who was not involved in Hardinge
Dhaka with the objective to develop a revolutionary army, Bomb incident?
also planned and conducted Barrah Dacoity at the Barrah (a) Master Amir Chand (b) Bhagwati Charan Vohara
Zamindar’s residence in the district of Dhaka in East Bengal (c) Bhai Balmukund (d) Avadh Bihari
in the year 1908. R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018
20. When did the attempt of murder of Kingsford was Ans. (b)
made at Mujaffarpur ? On 23rd December, 1912, a bomb was thrown at the Viceroy
(a) 1908 (b) 1909 Lord Hardinge when his procession was moving from
(c) 1907 (d) 1911 Chandni Chowk. The Viceroy got wounded but survived.
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008 Following the incident, a trial was conducted named Delhi
Ans. (a) Conspiracy case, in which Bhai Bal Mukund, Basant Kumar
Biswas, Amir Chand, Avadh Bihari were convicted and
Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki went to Muzaffarpur
sentenced to death and hanged by the British Raj for his
Bihar to assassinate Kingsford, Calcutta Presidency
role in Delhi Conspiracy case. Bhagwati Charan Vohra was
Magistrate. Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki watched the
associated with Hindustan socialist republican association.
usual movements of Kingsford and prepared a plan to kill
He wrote an article 'The Philosophy of Bomb'. Vohra died in
him. On the evening of April 30, 1908, the duo waited in front
Lahore on 28 May, 1930 while testing a bomb on the Banks
of the gate of European club for the carriage of Kingsford to
of the River Ravi.
come. When a vehicle came out of the gate, they threw bombs
and blew up the carriage. Unfortunately, the vehicle was not 24. Aurobindo Ghosh was brilliantly defended in the
Alipore Conspiracy Case by –
carrying Kingsford and instead, two innocent British ladies- Mrs.
(a) Chittaranjan Das (b) W.C. Banerjee
and Miss Kennedy (the wife and daughter of barrister Prince
(c) Motilal Nehru (d) Tej Bahadur Sapru
Kennedy) were killed. The revolutionary duo fled. Prafulla U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
committed suicide when cornered by police at the Samastipur U. P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
Railway station. Khudiram was later arrested and hanged. Ans. (a)
36. Who among the following was not associated with the
32. Who among the following hanged in Kakori con- Kakori incident?
spiracy case by English Government- (a) Ram Prasad Bismil (b) Surya Sen
(a) Bhagat Singh (c) Rajendra Lahiri (d) Ashfaq Ullah
(b) Ram Prasad Bismil Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
(c) Chandra Shekhar Azad Ans. (b)
(d) Batukeshwar Dutt
See the explanation of above question.
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
Ans. (b) 37. Who among the following revolutionaries escaped
from the Kakori case?
Shachindra Nath Sanyal, Ram Prasad ‘Bismil” and Chandra
(a) Schindra Nath Bakshi (b) Mukundi Lal
Shekhar Azad established revolutionary institution-Hindu-
(c) Chandra Shekhar Azad (d) Mamathnath Gupta
stan Republican Association in October, 1924. The treasury
of Government was looted by this organization at Kakori, a U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006
place in Lucknow-Saharanpur section of the northern rail- Ans. (c)
way, on 9 August, 1925. This incident is known as Kakori See the explanation of above question.
Conspiracy. Twenty-nine revolutionaries were arrested in
which Ram Prasad Bismil, Asfaqullah, Roshan Singh and 38. Who among the following was the sole revolutionary
Rajendra Lahiri were hanged while Azad escaped. Azad of the “Kakori Conspiracy Case” who escaped from
was the only member of HRA who was never arrested by arrest by the police?
the British Government. (a) Ashfaqullah Khan (b) Rajendra Lahiri
(c) Ram Prasad Bismil (d) Chandrashekhar Azad
33. Which revolutionaries were hanged in the 'Kakori U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
Train Robbery Case'? U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
(a) Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqualla Ans. (d)
(b) Veer Savarkar and Vasudev Chapekar
See the explanation of above question.
(c) Prafulla Chandra Chaki and Khudiram Bose
(d) Surya Sen and Udham Singh 39. Who among the following was Government advocate
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above in Kakori Conspiracy Case?
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019 (a) Mohan Lal Saxena (b) Jagat Narain Mulla
Ans. (a) (c) Krishna Bahadur (d) Prabhat Chandra
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (b)
41. “Daro-deewar pe hasrat ki nazar karte hain, (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
khush raho ahle-vatan ham to safar karte hain.’’ U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013
was said by: Ans. (d)
(a) Ashfaqullah Khan (b) Bahadur Shah Zafar See the explanation of above question.
(c) Ramprasad Bismil (d) Wazid Ali Shah
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003 45. How old was Bhagat Singh when he threw a bomb in
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002 the assembly in protest against the government?
Ans. (d) (a) 21 years
(b) A little more than 21 years
This utterance belonged to the last Nawab of Awadh Wazid
(c) 25 years
Ali Shah. Indian revolutionaries used to sing this poem in
(d) A little more than 25 years
their imprisonment period and capital punishment.
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
42. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
formed by: Ans. (b)
(a) Subhash Chandra Bose
(b) Ras Bihari Bose Bhagat Singh was a prominent freedom fighter of India. He
(c) Chandra Shekhar Azad was born in September, 1907. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh Dutt, on 8th April, 1929, threw a bomb in the Central Legisla-
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996 tive Assembly. Thus, at that time, his age was a little more
Ans. (c) than 21 years. He was hanged on 23 March, 1931.
September, 1928 Hindustan Socialist Republican Associa-
46. One of the founder leaders of Hindustan Socialist
tion (HSRA) (a revolutionary organization) was established Republican Army was-
at Feroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi by Chandra Shekhar Azad, (a) B.R. Ambedkar (b) Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and others.This organization worked (c) Subhash Chandra Bose (d) Jai Prakash Narayan
more dangerously from 1928 to 1931. December, 1928 42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997
Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad, and Rajguru killed the Ans. (b)
Police Superintendent Saunders in retaliation to his orders Vijay Kumar Singh, Shiv Verma, Jai Dev Kapoor, Bhagat
of lathi charge during the procession in opposition to the Singh, Bhagwati Charan Vohra and the Sukhdev under the
Simon Commission. Two members of HSRA Bhagat Singh leadership of Chandra Shekhar Azad reorganized the HRA in
and Batukeshwar Dutt also threw a bomb in Central Legisla- September, 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla Delhi. They changed the
tive Assembly on 8 April, 1929, when the proceedings were name of HRA and the new organization named HSRA (Hin-
going on for trade dispute and safety bills. dustan Socialist Republican Association) came into existence.
63. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched? were- Chandrashekhar Azad, Sachindra Sanyal, Manthan Nath
(a) Delhi Conspiracy Case - Amirchand Gupta, Rajendra Lahiri and others. Judgement in the first and
(b) Kakori Conspiracy Case - Ashfaqualla
second Lahore Conspiracy in 1916 and 1930 respectively.
(c) Lahore Conspiracy Case - Jatin Das
(d) Nasik Conspiracy Case - Ras Bihari Bose 66. Match list-I with list-II and choose the correct answer
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017 from the code given below –
List-I
Ans. (d)
A. Howrah Conspiracy case
Delhi Conspiracy Case - Amirchand B. Lahore Conspiracy case
Kakori Conspiracy case - Ashfaqualla C. Delhi Conspiracy case
Lahore Conspiracy Case - Jatin Das D. Alipore Conspiracy case
Nasik Conspiracy Case - Aanant Lakshman Karkare. List-II
Hence option (d) is not correctly matched. Ras Bihari Bose (i) Master Ami Chand (Amir Chand)
was associated with Delhi conspiracy Case. (ii) Arvind Ghosh
Abhinav Bharat society was launched in 1904 by V.D. (iii) Jatindranath Mukherjee
Savarkar. One member of this organisation, Anant Lakshman (iv) Rajguru
Code -
Karkare, shot dead the district Magistrate (Jackson) of Nasik
(a) A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)
on 21st December, 1909. This sensational murder is known as
(b) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
Nasik Conspiracy Case. 27 members of the Abhinav Bharat (c) A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
society were convicted and punished. (d) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)
64. Which of the following trials attracted worldwide
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) 2021
publicity and drew sympathetic comments from Albert
Ans (c)
Einstein. H.G. Wells, Harold Laski and Roosevelt in
favour of the convicts? The correctly matched list is as follows -
(a) INA trial (b) Lahore conspiracy case Howrah Conspiracy case – Jatindranath Mukherjee
(c) Meerut conspiracy case (d) None of the above Lahore Conspiracy case – Raj Guru
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 Delhi Conspiracy case – Master Ami Chand
Alipore Conspiracy case – Arvind Ghosh
Ans. (c)
In March 1929, the Government of Lord Erwin arrested 31 67. Muzaffar Ahmad, S.A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani and
Labour leaders of the working-class movement, and the 3 Nalini Gupta were jailed for which conspiracy?
1/2 year trial resulted in the conviction of Muzaffar Ahmed, (a) Kakori train heist
S.A. Dange, Joglekar, Philip Spratt, Ban Bradley, Shaukat (b) Chattagaon Armoury raid
Usmani and others. The trial got worldwide publicity but (c) Meerut conspiracy case
weekend the working class movement. The trial drew (d) Kanpur Bolshevik conspiracy case
sympathetic comments from prof. Albert Einstein, H.G. Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Wells, Harold Laski and Roosevelt in favour of convicts.
Ans. (d)
Chittagong armoury raid was an attempt to raid the armoury Age when hanged was 19 years, 9 months, 28 days So, it
of the police and auxiliary forces at Chittagong in Bengal. is manifest from the above that in the given options dur-
ing the struggle for Independence, Khudiram Bose was
It was organised by Surya Sen who was also famous by the
hanged at least age, so option (c) is the correct answer.
name of ‘’Master Da’’ The Indian Republican Army (IRA)
was established by Surya Sen in Bengal and on 18th April, 72. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct an-
1930, the plan was put into implementation by the members swer:
List- I List- II
of IRA namely Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath, Nirmal Sen, Am-
A. Abhinav Bharat Society 1. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
bika Chakrobarty, Naresh Roy, Kalpana Dutt, Anand Gupta,
B. Anushilan Samiti 2. Lala Hardayal
Tegrabal etc. including Surya Sen. Struggle took place on
C. Gadar Party 3. C.R. Das
22nd April, 1930 between members of Government forces and
D. Swaraj Party 4. V.D. Savarkar
members of IRA in which 80 soldiers and 12 revolutionaries
Code :
were killed. On 16 February, 1933, Surya Sen was arrested
A B C D
and put to legal proceedings and ultimately hanged on 12th
January, 1934. (a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 1 4 3 2
69. Who of the following was associated with the
(c) 1 4 2 3
Chittagong Armoury Raid? (d) 4 1 2 3
(a) Surya Sen (b) Bhagat Singh I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
(c) Ram Prasad Bismil (d) Ashfaqullah Ans. (d)
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 V.D. Savarkar was the founder of Abhinav Bharat Society,
Ans. (a) and Anushilan Samiti was another revolutionary organization
See the explanation of above question. founded by Shishir Kumar Ghosh and Sri Aurobindo Ghosh.
Lala Hardayal founded Gadar Party in San Francisco, and
70. The Chittagong Armoury Raid had been planned by : Motilal Nehru, and C.R Das formed Swaraj Party.
(a) Surya Sen (b) Chandan Dutta
73. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer
(c) Vidhan Ghosh (d) Jatin Das
from the code given below:
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
List- I List- II
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
(Organizations) (Founders)
Ans. (a)
A. Abhinava Bharat 1. V.D. Savarkar
See the explanation of above question. B. Mitra Mela 2. G.D. Savarkar
Chittagong Armoury - Surya Sen- 18 April, 1930. The correctly matched list is as follows –
Raid Jatin Das - Hunger Strike
Kakori Conspiracy - Ram Prasad Bismil - 9 August, Chandrashekhar Azad - During encounter
1925 Bhagat Singh - Hanged
Kalpana Datt - During life imprisonment.
Lahore Conspiracy - Jatin Das - 1929
Ghadar Party - Lala Haradayal - 1913 78. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer
using the code given below the lists :
75. On what charge was Jatin Das arrested:
List- I List- II
(a) Meerut Conspiracy A. Chittagaon Armoury 1. Kalpana Dutt
(b) Peshawar Conspiracy Raid
(c) Lahore Conspiracy B. Abhinav Bharat 2. Guru Ram Singh
(d) Chittagong Armed Dacoity C. Anushilan Samiti 3. Vinayak Damodar
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994 Savarkar
D. Kuka Movement 4. Aurobindo Ghosh
Ans. (c)
to defend the accused in Kakori Case? Ram Prasad Bismil was the founder member of Hindustan
(a) Acharya Narendra Dev Republic Association (HRA). He had a special role in Kakori
(b) Govind Ballabh Pant conspiracy. Chandra Shekhar Azad founded the Hindustan
(c) Chandrabhanu Gupta Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). In 1925 Bhagat Singh
(d) Motilal Nehru joined the HRA. He also created Punjab Naujawan Sabha.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014 81. Who among the following was NOT an early member
Ans. (b) of the 'Naujawan-Sabha' formed in 1926 A.D.?
(a) Bhagat Singh (b) Yaspal
Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee was one of the founder members (c) Chhabil Das (d) Ambika Chakravarti
of Hindustan Republican Association. He was sentenced U.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021
to life imprisonment in Kakori Case. He wrote in his book Ans (d)
‘In search of Freedom’ that Pandit Motilal Nehru under Naujawan Bharat Sabha was a left-wing Indian association
that sought to forment revolution against the British
Leadership of Govind Ballabh Pant formed the Kakori Case
Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youths by
Defence Committee. In an article of Shankar Narayan Rao disseminating Marxist idea.
at PIB website, it is mentioned that in this case President It was founded by Bhagat Singh in March 1926. It was part of
of the defence committee was Pandit Motilal Nehru. We at the Hindustan Republican Association. Ambika Chakravarti
was a member of Chittagong Jugantar Party. He took part in
this moment considering Shri Chatterjee's book as a primary
the Chittagong Armoury Raid led by Surya Sen.
source consider option (b) as the correct answer. Initially,
UPPSC has considered option (d) as the correct option, but 82. Given below is a list of organizations. Select those
engaged in revolutionary activities, using the codes
later on in its revised answer sheet it supports option (b) as
given below the lists:
the correct answer.
1. Abhinav Bharat
80. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer 2. Anushilan Samiti
from the codes given below the lists: 3. New Nationalist Party
List- I (Associations) List- II (Founders) 4. Indian Patriot Association
A. Revolt group 1. Rama Prasad Bismil Code :
B. Hindustan Republican2. Chandra Shekhar Azad (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
Association (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
C. Hindustan Socialist 3. Lala Lajpat Rai U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
Republican 4. Bhagat Singh Ans. (b)
Association
D. Punjab Naujawan 5. Surya Sen Abhinav Bharat and Anushilan Samiti were the revolutionary
Bharat Sabha organizations. Indian Patriotic Association was founded by
Code : Sir Saiyad Ahmed Khan in 1888, for Congress opposition.
Dhingra on 1st July, 1909, shot and killed Curzon Wyllie who
Ans (c)
was an advisor of the Secretary of Indian state and Cowasji
Lathi club, Hindu Akhada, Ganapati Mahotsava, Shivaji Lalkaka during a meeting of Indian National Federation.
Mahotsava etc. were started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Udham Singh killed Michael O. Dyer (Former Lieutenant
Governor of Punjab) in London in March 1940 who was
Revolutionary Activities indirectly responsible for Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. The
Outside India Kamagatamaru was a Japanese steamliner chartered by an
affluent Punjabi businessman, Gurdit Singh to bring Indian
*In February 1905, Shyamji Krishna Verma established the immigrants to Canada. The ship departed in 1914, taking
Indian Home Rule Society at London which is also known as 376 Indians for Canada’s Vancouver port, but the Canadian
‘India House.’ The aim of this society was to establish self-rule police refused their entry in Canada. A Shore Committee was
by intimidating the British Government. From here a newspaper constituted to protect the rights of Indian travellers under the
‘Sociologist’ was started. leadership of Hussain Rahim, Balwant Singh, and Sohan Lal
Pathak. Indian, Bhagwan Singh, Barkatullah, Ramchand and
*The Ghadar Party was founded on 21 April, 1913 with its
Sohan Singh also carried out a movement in favour of Indian
headquarter at San Francisco (USA) with an objective to free
emigrants. When Kamagatamaru reached Budge Budge port
India from English rule. Indians residing in Canada and the
at Calcutta, a clash occurred between angered passengers and
USA founded this party. * In 1913, Sohan Singh Bhakna
British Police. In firing by the Police, 18 of the passenger
founded a society named ‘Hindustan Association of the were killed, and 202 passengers were sent to Jail. *Ras Bihari
Pacific Coast’. This society published a newspaper named Bose was an Indian National living in Japan. He organized
Ghadar, that is why this party got famous as Ghadar Party. a conference in Tokyo on 28th-30th March 1942 to discuss
Lala Hardayal was the torchbearer of this party. *Barakatullah, political problems of India. *This conference was given an
Rasbihari Bose, Raja Mahendra Pratap, Abdul Rahman, Madam organized form from 14th June to 23rd June, 1942 and Subhash
Bhikaji Kama, Bhai Parmananad, Kartar Singh Sarabha and Chandra Bose was invited. Ras Bihari Bose founded Indian
Pt. Kashiram were prominent members of the party. *at an Independence league in this conference.
international event *Raja Mahendra Pratap with Baraktullah 1. The Indian Home Rule Society in London was started
founded the first temporary government of India in Afghanistan by–
(Kabul) during the first world war in 1915. Raja Mahendra (a) Annie Besant (b) B.G. Tilak
(c) M.K. Gandhi (d) Shyamji Krishna Verma
Pratap himself became President and Baraktulla was the Prime U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007
Minister. *Madam Cama was born on 24th September, 1861. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
Indian History General Studies B–473
Ans. (d) Ans. (a)
In February 1905 at London, Shaymji Krishna Verma estab- In 1913 at San Francisco, Sohan Singh Bhakna founded
lished the Indian Home Rule Society, which is also known "Hindustan Association of the Pacific Coast" organization.
as ‘India House.’ The aim of this society was to establish This organization published a paper 'Gadar,' that is why
self-rule by intimidating the British Government. From here, this organization was later known was the Ghadar Party.
a newspaper ‘Sociologist’ was started. Shyamji departed
Lala Hardayal was also one of its founder members and
from London for Paris due to over activeness of Government
torchbearer. Other members of ‘Gadar Party’ were Raja
machinery and later to Geneva.
Mahendra Pratap, Abdul Rahman, Madam Bhikaji Kama,
2. Shyamji Krishna Verma established Indian Home Rule Bhai Parmanand, Kartar Singh Sarabha and Pandit Kashiram.
Society in : Since in the option Sohan Singh Bhakana’s name is not given
(a) London (b) Paris therefore option ‘a’ is correct.
(c) Berlin (d) San Francisco
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004 7. Who among the following was NOT associated with
Ans. (a) Ghadar Party?
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
(d) Kartar Singh Sarabha and Ashfaqullah Khan emigrants. When Kamagatamaru reached Budge Budge port
U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004 at Calcutta, a clash occurred between angered passengers
Ans. (c) and British Police. In firing by the Police, 18 of the passenger
Madan Lal Dhingra and Udham Singh were sentenced to were killed, and 202 passengers were sent to Jail.
death on the charges of killing British officers. It is notable
31. Who one of the following was associated with ‘Ka-
that Madan Lal Dhingra on 1st July, 1909 killed political sec
magatamaru episode’?
retary of State for India, Curzon Wyllie and Cowsji Lalkaka, (a) Sardar Ajit Singh
by firing gunshots upon them. For this assassination he was (b) Baba Gurdip Singh
hanged, Udham Singh got the death sentence for the killing (c) V.D.Savarkar
of Michael O ‘Dwyer in London in March, 1940, who was (d) Sardar Bhagat Singh
indirectly responsible for Jalianwala Bagh Massacre. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
Ans. (b)
29. What was common among Madam Bhikaji Cama M.
Barkahtulla V.V.S Iyer and M.N. Roy- There is an error in option, instead of Gurdit Singh, Gurdip
(a) All of them were leading members of the International Singh written.
Communist Movement.
(b) M. Barkatulla was the Prime Minister and the rest were 32. ‘’Kamagatamaru’’ is famous for-
ministers in the Provisional Government of free India (a) Being 10,000 feet high place in North-East
established by a group of revolutionaries at Kabul. India
(c) All of them were among the prominent revolutionaries (b) Being a Ship
outside India operating in different countries during (c) Due to a Festival of Hill area
the freedom movement. (d) Being a tribal cast.
(d) All of them were accused in the case relating to the Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
Ans. (b)
throwing of a bomb on Lord Hardinge.
I.A.S. (Pre) 1994 See the explanation of above question.
established Indian Independence League. Ghosh, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai were the main
proposers of this idea. They wanted a country wide Swadeshi
Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi
movement but the moderates were against this. *The Swadeshi
Movement Movement that started in Bengal was led by Tilak throughout
*British Government announced the partition of Bengal on the country especially at Bombay and Pune. Ajeet Singh and
20 July, 1905. On 7 August 1905, a historic meeting took Lala Lajpat Rai led the movement in Punjab and U.P., Sayyed
place at the town hall of Calcutta and the Swadeshi movement Haider Raja led this movement at Delhi and Chidambaram
was started. The historic Boycott resolution was passed here.
Pillai led the Swadeshi movement at Madras Presidency.
After this anti-partition movements started in various parts of
*To organise masses for this movement Ashwini Kumar Dutt
Bengal. *On 16 October 1905, the partition formally came
founded “Swadesh Bandhav Samiti”. Women played an
into force and Bengal was divided. The day was observed as
active role in this movement. However, farmers and Muslims
the 'Mourning day' in the whole Bengal. On the suggestion of
Rabindranath Tagore the day was celebrated as ‘Rakhi Diwas’ stayed away from Swadeshi and Boycott movement. *Vande
amongst the people of Bengal. *After its partition, the Bengal Mataram became the title song of Indian National movement
was divided into East and West Bengal. East Bengal was merged during the Swadeshi movement.
into Assam, and a new province was formed which included * British journalist H.W. Nevinson was related to Swadeshi
Rajshahi, Chatgaon, Dhaka etc. Dhaka was the headquarter of Movement. During his 4 month stay in India, he reported for
this province. *Its second part included West Bengal, Orissa Manchester guardian, Glasgow Herald and Daily Chronicle.
and Bihar. *Bengal was divided during the tenure of Lord Later on, he compiled his reports in a Book ‘The New Spirit
Curzon (1899-1905). *Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser was in India’. *In the atmosphere of increasing National Movement
an officer of Indian Civil Services. He served as the lieutenant Avanindra Nath Tagore and his brother Gaganedranath
governor of Bengal from 1903-1908. He played an important Tagore founded Indian Society of Oriental Arts in 1907 to
role in the planning of Bengal Partition. *Rabindra Nath Tagore reconstruct the precious Indian Arts and Culture and to develop
was a critic of Swadeshi Movement and he emphasised on new consciousness among the masses.
better relation between the East and West cultures. He believed
1. Which of the following occurred last:
that the West had committed some mistake in understanding (a) Annexation Policy (b) Partition of Bengal
the East, this doesn't mean East do the same with the West. (c) Permanent Settlement (d) Subsidiary Alliance
*Krishna Kumar Mitra the editor of ‘Sanjivani’, published a U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
special edition on 13 July 1905, and for the first time suggested Ans. (b)
devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor-General October, 1905 is well-known for which one of the fol-
of East India Company in 1848-56. From the above option, lowing reasons?
the partition of Bengal was the last event announced in July, (a) The formal proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was
1905 by Lord Curzon. made in Calcutta town hall
(b) Partition of Bengal came into effect.
2. With reference to the Civil Administration in 1905, (c) Dadabhai Naoroji declared that the goal of Indian
which of the statements is/are correct? National Congress was Swaraj.
1. Lord Curzon decided to rearrange the provincial (d) Lokmanya Tilak started Swadeshi Movement in
boundaries. Poona.
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2. A new province was constituted, called East Bengal I.A.S. (Pre) 2009
and Assam. Ans. (b)
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) Both 1 and 2 See the explanation of above question.
(c) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
6. Which movement started after the Partition of Bengal?
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
(a) Civil Disobedience
Ans. (b)
(b) Swadeshi Movement
Governor-General Lord Curzon decided to rearrange the (c) Quit India Movement
provincial boundaries in the year 1905. He divided Bengal (d) Non-Cooperation Movement
into two part. The new province constituted after separating 59th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015
West Bengal was called 'East Bengal and Assam'. The Ans. (b)
western part of Bengal included the remaining part of Bengal,
complete Bihar and Orissa. See the explanation of above question.
3. Anti partition movement of Bengal was initiated on: 7. The Swadeshi Movement took place in India during -:
(a) 20 July, 1905
th
(b) 7 August, 1905
th
(a) the Champaran Satyagraha of Gandhiji
(c) 16 October, 1905
th
(d) 7 November, 1905
th
(c) Brodrick (d) A.T. Arundel British goods should be abolished. He called for a boycott
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014 of foreign goods, government officials and organisations by
Ans. (a) breaking all connections, people should mourn etc. His ideas
were supported by a gathering in Bagerhut (District-Khulna)
Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, was an Indian Civil on 16 July, 1905.
Servant who served as Lieutenant Governor of Bengal
between 1903 and 1908. Sir Andrew Fraser was very actively 14. Boycott of British goods was adopted as a national
involved in framing the Bengal partition. policy in –
(a) 1899 (b) 1901
11. Who among of the following led the agitation against
(c) 1903 (d) 1905
the partition of Bengal (1905)?
U.P.R.O. /A.R.O. (Pre) 2014
(a) Surendranath Bannerjee (b) C.R. Das
(c) Ashutosh Mukherjee (d) Rabindranath Tagore Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011 Lord Curzon announced the partition of Bengal on July 20,
Ans. (a) 1905. As a result, Swadeshi Movement was announced in
Surendranath Banerjee led the agitation against the partition Townhall, Kolkata on August 7, 1905, and ‘Boycott Proposal’
was passed. The boycott of British goods was adopted as a
of Bengal (1905).
national policy in this meeting.
12. Who among the following were the critics of Swadeshi'
15. Partition of Bengal was done mainly for :
movement and pleaded for a better understanding
(a) To divide the Hindu and Muslims
between the East and the West?
(a) W.C. Banerjee (b) S.N. Bannerjee (b) For administrative convenience
(c) R.N. Tagore (d) B. G. Tilak (c) To weaken the growth of Nationalism in Bengal
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009 (d) For the development of Bengal
Ans. (c) U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998
Ans. (c)
Tagore’s political acumen exhibited a marked ambivalence.
On the one hand, he denounced European imperialism, “The Partition of Bengal, said Lord Curzon, was a mere
occasionally voicing full support for Indian nationalist. On readjustment of administrative boundaries.” The argument
the other hand, he also shunned the Swadeshi movement, advocated for the partition was that it would improve the
denouncing it in his acrid September, 1925 essay “The Cult administration of the two provinces. The main motive was to
of the Chakra” (an allusion to elements of Gandhism and strike at the roots of Bengali Nationalism which was growing
the Non-cooperation Movement). In addition, he viewed in solidarity form. At that time Bengal was considered to be
British control of India as a “Political symptom of our social “the nerve-centre” of Indian Nationalism. Curzon decided
disease.” Urging Indians to accept blind revolution but of to ruin the new spirit by dividing the politically advanced
steady and purposeful education. communities into separate provinces.
21. Bengal was partitioned in 1905, but due to opposition See the explanation of above question.
it was again divided in –
25. Who was the leader of the Swadeshi Movement in
(a) 1906 (b) 1916
(c) 1911 (d) 1909 Madras?
46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003 (a) Srinivas Shastri (b) Rajagopalachari
Ans. (c) (c) Chidambaram Pillai (d) Chintamani
A ceremonial welcome was organized on the arrival of King U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008
George V and Queen Mary at the Delhi Durbar in 1911, Ans. (c)
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where they were presented to an assembled audience of The Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the anti-partition
Indian dignitaries and princes as the Emperor and Empress
Movement which was started to oppose British decision
of India on 12 December, 1911. During Delhi Darbar on De-
cember 12, 1911, the King abolished the partition of Bengal on the partition of Bengal. The formal proclamation of the
and George declared the transfer of the Indian capital from Swadeshi Movement was made on August 7, 1905, at a meet-
Calcutta to Delhi. As declared, Bengal was reorganized as the ing held at the Town Hall in Calcutta. In 7 August meeting,
new province. Orissa and Bihar were separated from Bengal. the famous Boycott resolution was passed which was first
Assam became a new constituent State of India. The district suggested by Krishna Kumar Mitra. Lokmanya Tilak led
of Sylhet of Assam was also combined with it.
the Presidency of Mumbai and Pune, Ajit Singh and Lala
22. In which year partition of Bengal made by Lord Cur- Lajpat Rai in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, Syed Haider Raja
zon was cancelled ? led the Presidency of Delhi. Chidambaram Pillai in Madras
(a) 1911 (b) 1904 Presidency.
(c) 1906 (d) 1907
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008 26. Who among the following led the Swadeshi Movement
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993 at Delhi?
U.P. P.C.S (Pre) 1991
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (b) Ajit Singh
Ans. (a)
(c) Lajpat Rai (d) Syed Haidar Raja
See the explanation of above question. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
23. When was Bengal reunited due to the protests by In- Ans. (d)
dians?
See the explanation of above question.
(a) 1905 (b) 1911
(c) 1947 (d) 1971 27. Which of the following classes was mainly unaffected
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
of Swadeshi Movement of 1905?
Ans. (b)
(i) Women (ii) Farmers
See the explanation of above question.
(iii) Muslim (iv) Intellectuals
24. The Partition of Bengal made by Lord Curzon in 1905 Select your answer to the following codes –
lasted until –
(a) i and ii (b) i, ii and iii
(a) The First World War, when Indian troops were needed
(c) ii and iii (d) i and ii
by the British and the partition, was ended
(b) King George V abrogated Curzon’s Act at the Royal 40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
Durbar in Delhi in 1911 Ans. (c)
fabrication of the Movement's character. In this Movement, 30. Which of the statement is not correct regarding
women actively participated but farmers and Muslim were ‘Swadeshi Movement’?
not involved in this Movement. They separated themselves (a) Some specific Muslims were joined in it.
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from this Movement. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer. (b) Women’s actively participated in this movement
28. Vande Mataram became the theme song of the Indian (c) Neither this movement affected Bengal farmers and
National Movement during – nor they were joined
(a) Swadeshi Movement (d) It was limited to Bengal.
(b) Champaran Movement U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
Ans. (d)
(c) Anti-movement of Rowlatt Act
(d) Non-cooperation movement The Swadeshi Movement influenced only some specific
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 Muslims of society. For the first time, woman took part in
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 any movement actively. They came outside their houses,
demonstrated in the rally and sat to protest. But this
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
movement did not influence the farmers of Bengal. Barisal
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
was an exception to it. This movement affected only high and
Ans. (a)
middle-class people of the society. Swadeshi Movement was
During Swadeshi Movement, the actual day of partition, not only limited to Bengal but also leaders like Lala Lajpat
October 16, 1905, was declared a day of mourning throughout Rai, Tilak and Arvindo Ghosh actively participated and they
Bengal and the hearths in the houses were kept unlit. People started to spread it all over the country. In this way, option
tied rakhis on each other wrists as a symbol of brotherhood. (d) is incorrect.
In Calcutta, most of the offices were kept closed, and a strike
31. The British journalist H.W. Nevinson was associated
was observed in some jute mills and railway workshops. The
with:
streets were reverberated with Vande Mataram which became (a) Non-Co-operation Movement
the overnight National Song of Bengal and later, the Theme (b) Civil Disobedience Movement
Song of the National Movement. (c) Swadeshi Movement
(d) Quit India Movement
29. With reference to the period of extremist nationalist
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
movement in India with its spirit of Swadeshi, which
Ans. (c)
one of the following statements is not correct?
Henry Woodd Nevinson was a British journalist and was
(a) Liyakat Hussain led the Muslim peasants of Barisal
in their agitations related to the Swadeshi Movement. Nevinson’s brief was to
(b) In 1889, the scheme of national education was “discover the causes of the present discontent and to report,
formulated by Satish Chandra Mukherjee without prejudice the opinion of leading Indians as well as
and his reports were carried by Manchester Guardian, Congress at Surat in 1907 when the dispute again arose for the
Glasgow Herald, and Daily Chronicle. He re-edited these Presidentship of 23rd Session of Congress. Moderates wanted
pieces into a book. 'The New Spirit in India'. Ras Bihari Ghosh as President while Lala Lajpat Rai was the
choice of Extremists. At last Ras Bihari Ghosh became the
32. Who among the following had founded the ‘Indian
President and Congress was divided between Moderates and
Society of Oriental Art’ to revive ancient art traditions
Extremists.
of India?
(a) Abanindranath Tagore 1. “A graduate at 18, professor and associate editor of
(b) Nand Lal Bose the Sudharak at 20, Secretary of the Sarvajanik Sabha
(c) Asit Kumar Haldar and of the Provincial Conference at 25, Secretary of
(d) Amrita Shergill the National Congress at 29, leading witness before
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007 an important Royal Commission at 31, Provincial
Ans. (a) legislator at 34, Imperial legislator at 36, President of
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Bal Gangadhar Tilak never presided a Session of Indian (b) to secure self-rule
National Congress. Gopal Krishna Gokhle was president of (c) responsible Government
Banaras session of 1905 of congress. Subashchandra Bose (d) self-Government
was president of 1938 and 1939 session and Lala Lajpat Rai
was president of 1920 special session of congress. 53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
Ans. (*)
5. In which year Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded
'Servants of India Society? The Indian National Congress took up the Swaraj call in its
(a) 1902 (b) 1903
Benaras Session, 1905 and later in 1906 Calcutta session it
(c) 1904 (d) 1905
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 was fully passed. The main purpose of the resolution was
Ans. (d) “to serve self-rule’ and boycotting British products and the
Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded 'Servants of India Society' revival of domestic products and production process of Indian
in 1905. The aim of the Society was to train national industrialization and better education policy for India.
missionaries for the service of India; to promote, by all
constitutional means, the true interest of the Indian people 8. Swaraj as a national demand was first made by:
and to prepare a cadre of selfless workers who were to devout (a) B.G.Tilak (b) C.R.Das
their lives to the cause of the country in a religious spirit. (c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Mahatma Gandhi
This society gives some great social workers like U. Shrinivas
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
Shashtri, G.K. Devdhar, N.M. Joshi, Pandit Hridyanath
Ans. (c)
Kunjru. M.C. Setlavad, B.N. Rao and Anadi Krishna Swamy
Ayar were its members. Swaraj (self-rule) was first articulated in the Presidential
6. Which of the following leaders presided over the address of Dadabhai Naoroji as the goal of Congress in its
Congress Session at Calcutta in 1906? Calcutta session in 1906.
(a) B.G. Tilak (b) G.K. Gokhale
9. In which of the following sessions of Indian National
(c) Aurobindo Ghosh (d) Dadabhai Naoroji Congress, the word ‘Swaraj’ was uttered for the first
44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000 time?
Ans. (d) (a) Benaras Session, 1905
In 1906, Congress was in real danger of splitting into (b) Calcutta Session, 1906
two groups. The extremists were more popular than the (c) Surat Session, 1907
moderates. Before this session, the extremists would have (d) None of the above
taken over Congress had they elected a leader among them. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
But it was not done. The moderates were politically Ans. (b)
18. Who was first Indian to be elected to the British Parlia- resolutions became the cause of a split in Congress at
ment? the next Congress Session held inSurat in 1907.
(a) Ras Bihari Bose (b) Surendranath Banerjee Which one of the following was not one of those resolu-
tions?
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Vithalbhai Patel
(a) Annulment of the partition of Bengal
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992 (b) Boycott
Ans. (c) (c) National education
(d) Swadeshi
Dadabhai Naoroji, the grand old man of India, was the first
I.A.S. (Pre) 2010
Indian to become a Member of British Parliament in United Ans. (a)
Kingdom’s House of Commons.
See the explanation of above question.
19. At which session was the Indian National Congress
(INC) divided into two groups –’Naram Dal’ and Ga- 23. The process of a split in the Congress in the early years
ram Dal’? of the twentieth century began over –
(a) Bombay (b) Surat (a) Strategies of the Congress Movement
(c) Allahabad (d) Lahore (b) Objectives of the Congress
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 (c) Participation of the people in the Congress Movement
Ans. (b) (d) All of the above
56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015
The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885 and was
Ans. (d)
divided into two fractions in 1907, namely extremists– Garam
Dal led by Lala Lajpat Rai and moderates ‘Naram Dal’ led by Surat Split is mainly known for separation of Congress party
Ras Bihari Ghosh. Ras Bihari Ghosh succeeded to become men into moderates and extremists at the Surat Session of
its President. Reason of this division was four Resolution Congress on 26 December, 1907. The process of a split in the
th
(Indigenous (Swadeshi), Boycot, National Education and congress in the early years of the twentieth century began
self-Rule) witch passed in 1906, extremists want to continue over strategies of the congress movement, objectives of the
this resolution while the liberals were not in favour. congress (moderates & extremists) and participation of the
people in the Congress movement. The extremists were led by
20. Where did the Indian Congress got divided into two Lokmanya Tilak, Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal and the
wings moderates and extremists ? moderates were led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Ferozeshah
(a) Surat Session, 1907 (b) Lahore Session, 1909 Mehta and Surendranath Bannerjee. The divided Congress
(c) Calcutta Session, 1911 (d) Karachi Session, 1913 reunited in the crucial Lucknow session of Congress in 1916,
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012 with Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Gopal Krishna Gokhale adorn-
Ans. (a) ing the stage together once again.
moderates were led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Dhaka Sallimullah Khan, proposed establishment of an All
India Muslim League. A 56 member temporary committee
25. When was the first partition of Indian National Con- was established with Mohsin-ul-Mulk and Viqar-ul-Mulk
gress was held? as joint secretaries. Aga Khan became its first President. It
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(a) 1907 (b) 1906 was headquartered at Lucknow. *Three main objectives of the
(c) 1969 (d) 1911 organization were -
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991 1. To increase Muslim loyalty towards the English government.
Ans. (a) 2. To stop the spread of hatred for other religions without hurting
the main objective of the party.
See the explanation of above question.
3. Protection and expansion of Political rights of Muslims.
26. Surat split was led by – *Sessions of Muslim league were held at Karachi in 1907 and
(a) Hume (b) Dufferin at Amritsar in 1908. Separate electorate was demanded in these
(c) Tilak (d) Gandhiji sessions. *On 1st October, 1906, a delegation of Muslims led
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002 by Agha Khan met Minto and demanded separate electorate
Ans. (c) for election at all levels of governance. Morley-Minto reform
(1909) accepted this demand of Muslim League and Muslims
See the explanation of above question.
were given separate electorate. *In 1908, the London Branch
27. What was the main reason for the split in the Indian of the Muslim League was established by Sayyed Ameer Ali.
National Congress at Surat in 1907?
1. Who among the following was the founder of All India
(a) Introduction of communalism into Indian politics by
Muslim League?
Lord Minto
(a) Sir Saiyed Ahmad Khan
(b) Extremists’ lack of faith in the capacity of the
(b) Sir Mohammad Iqbal
moderates to negotiate with the British Government
(c) Agha Khan
(c) Foundation of Muslim League
(d) Nawab Salimullah Khan
(d) Aurobindo Ghosh’s inability to be elected as the
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007
President of the Indian National Congress. st
41 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996
I.A.S. (Pre) 2016
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
Agha Khan was a founding member and first President of the
The main reason for Surat split (1907) in the Indian National
All India Muslim League. His goal was the advancement of
Congress was Extremist's lack of faith in the capacity of
moderates to negotiate with the British Government. The the Muslim agenda and protection of Muslim rights in India.
extremist wanted to extend the Swadeshi and Boycott In 1906, the meeting was organized during the Dhaka ses-
Movement, but moderates were not in favour of extending sion which is known as All India Muhammadan Educational
the Movement. Conference.
See the explanation of above question. (b) When the Indian National Congress was formed,
Sayyid Ahmad Khan opposed it
5. Who was the first President of the Muslim League:
(c) The All-India Muslim League which was formed in
(a) Agha Khan (b) Hamid Khan
(c) Hasan Khan (d) M.A. Jinnah 1906 vehemently opposed the partition of Bengal and
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 separate electorates
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997 (d) Maulana Barkat Ullah and Maulana Obeidullah Sindhi
Ans. (a)
were among those who formed a Provisional Govern-
See the explanation of above question. ment of India in Kabul.
6. The annual session of the Muslim League in the year I.A.S. (Pre) 2002
1907 was held at – Ans. (c)
(a) Dhaka (b) Karachi
The All India Muslim League formed in 1906 supported the
(c) Aligarh (d) Lucknow
U.P. Lower Sub (Pre) 2008 Bengal partition.They demanded a separate electorate in the
Ans. (b) leadership of Agha Khan.
Ans. (a) Reforms. The biggest blunder of this reform was the separate
electorate given to Muslim community under the Communal
Shimla Deputation organized by the Indian Muslim leader
representation system. According to this system, the Muslim
Agha Khan met the Governor-General and Viceroy Lord
candidates into the council were not elected by general
Minto at Shimla on 1 October, 1906. The aim of the deputa-
Electoral but were elected by the Muslim voters only. This
tion was to win the sympathy of the British Rule on matters
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(b) Division of Bengal in 1905. shifted the capital to Delhi from Calcutta. It was announced
(c) Khilafat Movement Supported by Gandhiji. that Bengal would be reconstituted as a new province. Orissa
(d) Reservation of seats and separate electorates for and Bihar were separated. The Bengal got the identity of a new
Muslims in legislative assemblies. province in 1912. Assam was restored to its previous position
U.P P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
of 1874.
U.P U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001
Ans. (d) 1. Where was the Capital of India before Delhi under
British period?
The Minto-Morley reforms are known to envisage a separate
electorate for Muslims, and this had a long lasting impact (a) Calcutta (b) Bombay
on Indian polity. This was for the first time that Muslim (c) Patna (d) Lucknow
community was recognized as a completely separate section M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
of the Indian Nation and this triggered “A Cancer” in India Ans. (a)
called “Hindu-Muslim Disharmony” which later culminated
During the British Rule, until 1911, Calcutta ( now Kolkata )
in the Partition of India and Pakistan. Separate constituencies
was the capital of India. King George V, the king of England
were marked for the Muslims, and only Muslim community
visited India to attend Delhi Durbar in 1911and announced
members were given the right to elect their representatives.
the transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi on December
The principle of communal representation which was
accepted under the Morley-Minto Reforms was retained and 12, 1911. The capital of India shifted from Calcutta to Delhi
was pushed further by the Government of India Act, 1919. during the tenure of Lord Hardinge on 1 April, 1912.
It is notable that King George V proclaimed to transfer the In December, 1911, the imperial court was organized for
greeting on the arrival of British King George V and Queen
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at Lucknow on 29 and 31 December, 1916 respectively. Congress by taking the extremists back into Congress. Their
The Congress accepted the separate electorates and both efforts soon delivered success and at the annual session of
Congress in December, 1915, it was decided that extremists
organizations jointly demanded dominion status for the
would be allowed to rejoin the Congress. Muhammad Ali
country. Hindu-Muslim unity weakened the British attitude.
Jinnah and Tilak were the main architects of the Lucknow
In 1916, the British Government announced a policy whereby
Pact.
the involvement of Indians in the Government was to be
increased, and there was to be a gradual development of 5. Who made the agreement between Muslim League and
local self-Government institutions. Sarojini Naidu described Congress in 1916?
Jinnah, the chief architect of the Lucknow Pact, with the title (a) B. G. Tilak (b) Gokhle
of the ‘Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity.’ (c) Annie Besant (d) J. L. Nehru
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
2. The Lucknow Session of Indian National Congress that Ans. (a)
took place in 1916 was presided over by:
(a) Annie Besant (b) Lala Lajpat Rai See the explanation of above question.
(c) Motilal Nehru (d) A.C. Majumdar 6. Which implication was taken in Lucknow session of
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013 Congress in 1916?
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 (a) Separate electorate demand of Muslim League was
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2009 accepted.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 (b) Temporary merger of Muslim League and Congress
Ans. (d) occurred
(c) A Muslim person was elected as President of Congress.
In 1916, A.C. Majumdar presided over the Lucknow Session, (d) None of above.
where famous Lucknow Pact was signed. M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
3. The famous ‘Lucknow Pact’ was signed between the Ans. (a)
Congress and Muslim League in: Under Lucknow Pact (1916), Congress accepted the demand
(a) 1913 (b) 1914 of separate electorate for Muslims, which was a great
(c) 1915 (d) 1916 achievement for the Muslim League but this demand was
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 still opposed by some leaders in Congress.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
7. The Congress for the first time accepted the system of
Ans. (d)
separate electorate for Muslims in the year:
See the explanation of above question. (a) 1909 (b) 1916
separate political right for Muslims. Both parties acted jointly “Some of Tilak’s supporters do not like me and some of my
according to this pact till 1922. But this pact was dissolved supporters do not like him this does not mean we both had
with Non-corporation Movement and League opted its old any kind of conflict.’’ *In Home Rule League movement both
ideology. Tilak and Annie Besant had same meaning of ‘Swaraj’ i.e. to
9. Which one of the following is not correct about the get a responsible government and administration at central and
Congress Session of Lucknow, 1916? provincial levels under the British Empire and to have treatment
(a) Ambika Charan Majumdar was not the President of
like white ruled states like Canada and Australia which were
this session.
(b) In this session, the reunion between the liberal and the dominion states of British. Annie Besant described Home Rule
extremist was established. Movement in her paper 'Common Weal' on 2nd January, 1914.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi was apprised of the problems of the Under this a programme was made for Religious freedom,
peasants of Champaran for the first time.
National Education, Social and Political reforms keeping
(d) None of the above
in mind the objective of Self government under the British
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
Ans. (a) Commonwealth. *The movement was very famous in India
during the first World War. Lucknow session of 1916 was an
Ambika Charan Majumdar was the President of Lucknow
Session of Congress in 1916. excellent occasion for Home Rule League’s members to show
their might. Supporters of Tilak made the traditions during this
10. Which of the following sessions of Indian National
Congress, Mahatma Gandhi was apprised of the time which were followed by Congress for the next few years.
problems of Champaran peasants? *A train was reserved to transport the supporter of Tilak to
(a) Banaras Session, 1905 Lucknow, some people named that train as ‘Congress Special’
(b) Calcutta Session, 1906
and some people named it as Home Rule Special. George
(c) Surat Session, 1907
(d) Lucknow Session, 1916 Arundale, organisation minister of Besant’s League asked
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013 their supporters to show their presence at Lucknow in huge
Ans. (d) numbers. *Theosophical society was established in 1875 by
In Lucknow Session 1916, Raj Kumar Shukla apprised the Colonel Olcott and Madam Blavatsky. Annie Besant became
problems of Champaran peasants to the Mahatma Gandhi. its member in 1889.
(a) Tilak and Annie Besant S.Subramaniam Iyer was also associated with the Home Rule
(b) Tilak and Aurobindo Ghosh League of Annie Besant.
(c) Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai 6. Which of the following is not associated with Home
(d) Tilak and Vipin Chandra Pal Rule Movement?
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001 (a) C.R.Das (b) S.Subrahmaniam Iyer
Ans. (a) (c) Annie Besant (d) B.G. Tilak
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (a)
3. Annie Besant is mostly associated with :
See the explanation of above question.
(a) Civil Disobedience Movement
(b) Home Rule Movement 7. In which conference could the Home-Rule supporters
(c) Khilafat Movement demonstrate their political power successfully?
(d) Non-Co-operation Movement (a) Lucknow Conference of Congress in 1916
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 (b) All India Trade Union Conference held at Bombay in
Ans. (b) 1920
(c) First U.P. Farmers Association held in 1918.
Annie Besant, a theosophist, settled in India and worked (d) Joint A.I.T.U.C and N.T.U. Sabha at Nagpur in 1938.
for its liberation. She was inspired by the Irish Home Rule 39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
Movement and formed the Home Rule League in India in Ans. (a)
September, 1916, at Adyar in Madras. She already explained
The Lucknow Session of Congress in December 1916
her views about this Movement in Commonweal (a weekly
presented the Home Rule Leagues with the long-awaited
journal) in 1914. Annie Besant started this Movement to
opportunity for demonstrating their strength. Tilak’s Home
demand self-governance at all levels of administration. Her
Rule League established a tradition to which Congress was
Home Rule League became active throughout India. She
pinned for many years.
was arrested along with her co-workers and released after
widespread agitation against the action of Government. 8. Home Rule Movement was symbol of starting a new
phase of freedom movement in India because :
4. The movement in India which became popular during (a) It put a perfect project for the self-Government before
the first World War was the : the nation
(a) Swadeshi and Boycott Movement (b) Leadership of the movement came in the hands of
(b) Home Rule Movement Gandhiji
self-Government to be granted to India within the British 11. Who among the following was a proponent of
dominions during the war. It was within Constitutional limits. Fabianism as a movement?
(a) Annie Besant
9. Which of the following is not correct about the Home
(b) A.O Hume
Rule League:
(c) Michael Madhusudan Dutt
(a) The plan was first presented in 1914-15 by Annie
(d) D. R. Palme Dot
Beasant
I.A.S. (Pre) 2005
(b) The Home Rule League of Tilak was confined to
Ans. (a)
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Central Provinces and Berar
(c) The Home Rule League founded by Tilak was much Annie Besant (1847-1933) was a proponent of Fabian
stronger movement.
(d) Despite the differences between Tilak and Besant, 12. Annie Besant was –
both the Leagues continued to exist 1. responsible for starting the Home Rule Movement.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004 2. the founder of the Theosophical Society.
Ans. (*) 3. once the President of the Indian National Congress.
The concept for the foundation of Home Rule League was Select the correct answer using the code given below :
first introduced by Mrs. Annie Besant. Self-Governance (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
Movement began with the publication of the weekly review (c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these
magazine Commonweal on January 2, 1914. The Movement I.A.S. (Pre) 2013
was started by B.G. Tilak in Poona in April, 1916 and Annie Ans. (c)
Besant and S. Subramania Iyer at Adyar near Madras in Even though Annie Besant was associated with the
September, 1916. Tilak’s League worked in Maharashtra, Theosophical Society, she was not its founder. It was founded
Karnataka, Central Province and Berar. It was the most by Madame Blavatsky and Henry Olcott. Thus, statement 2
organized League with only Six branches and Annie Besant’s is incorrect. Statement 3 is correct that Annie Besant became
League in the rest of India. The objective of the Movement the first woman President of the Indian National Congress
was self-governance for India in the British Empire. Tilak in 1917, Calcutta Session. Statement 1 is also correct. Annie
linked up the question of Swaraj with the demand for the Besant launched the Home Rule League in India on the lines
formation of linguistic states and education in the vernacular of the Irish Home Rule Leagues along with Tilak.
2000. Phoenix Ashram was the first Ashram established Ahmedabad. The Ashram was moved to the banks of Sabarmati
by Gandhiji. *In his thoughts Gandhiji emphasized more on River on 17 th June, 1917 considering various economic
practical idealism than idealism. Like Marx he also believed activities. *Gandhiji believed active politics as an important
in the removal of State and had no problem on being called as tool for social upliftment and public welfare. In this context the
Philosophical Anarchist. *Truth and Non-Violence were the decentralization of power was the most important suggestion
two principles of Ram Rajya of Gandhiji. He made these two of Gandhiji. With the decentralization of power Gandhiji meant
as the base of Modern society of his dreams. He was a true the power to Gram Panchayats to manage and administer
socialist. He took care of both private and social interests. their village. The political system shown by Gandhiji was
He wanted to bring functionality to the noble ideals of Social the inclusion of Morality, Religion and Humanity but the
Justice. Gandhiji himself said to Luis Fisher, “I am a true complete ideal political system of Gandhiji had no place for
socialist and the aim of my socialism is progress of all”. State power. He wanted the establishment of stateless society.
Socialism of Gandhiji has some glimpse of Marxism. Gandhiji Gandhiji named the ongoing struggle in Africa as passive
gave extraordinary importance to labours. *He wanted to bring resistance, but later on, it was replaced by Satyagraha. It was
in action the principle that everyone is given work according to widely used in India’s struggle for Independence. But both
his capacity and everyone to be paid remuneration according to the terms were not the same for Gandhiji. According to him,
their needs. *Gandhiji said, “I am trying to solve that problem passive resistance is a political weapon whereas Satyagraha
which is being faced by scientific socialism”. Gandhiji is called is moral power. *During India’s freedom struggle, Gandhiji,
as Individualist and Marxist among the socialists. *Strike was in 1917, started Champaran Satyagraha at Bihar. This was
the last option in the Satyagraha strategy whereas fasting was his first successful Satyagraha in India. *Gandhiji linked the
his first weapon. According to Gandhiji Satyagraha was ‘Agni- boycott of foreign clothes with Nation’s Respect. Boycott of
Baan’. The objective of Satyagraha of Gandhiji was to change foreign clothes by Gandhiji’s Movement was effective as India
the heart of enemy according to the demand of protestor instead was believed as a market for foreign manufactured goods. With
of defeating the enemy. This was to be done by the suffering Gandhiji’s formula of Boycott of foreign goods the production
that Satyagrahi took upon himself. Gandhiji termed self- and sale of Indian goods were promoted. *Gandhiji read the
control as the best solution for Family Planning. *Mahatma book ‘Unto this last’ written by John Ruskin during his
Gandhi used to say that “means and ends are two sides of a stay in Africa. Gandhiji wrote in his biography that this book
coin. They cannot be separated. Immoral means cannot be used changed his life. According to Gandhiji, the Message of this
to achieve moral ends. If used, they will vitiate the end itself. book was - “The good of the individual is contained in the
with the farmer to cultivate Indigo on 3/20th part of their National Congress at the age of 30. He renounced the title of
land. This was called as Teen Kathiya System. Plantation Rai Bahadur protesting the policies of British towards India.
owner increased tax rates and other illegal taxes so as to He was treasurer of Congress and founder of Gandhi Seva
exploit farmers and make it impossible to get out of the Sangh. He took a deep interest in village industry and handloom
contract. Against this exploitation of the farmers Gandhiji clothes. He did valuable work as the President of welcome
started Champaran Satyagraha. To investigate the matter, committee in the Nagpur session of Congress. He was jailed
the Government constituted a committee and Gandhiji was in 1923 for taking part in Flag Satyagraha and again in 1930
also one of the members. Plantation workers agreed to return during Civil Disobedience Movement.
the 25% of illegally collected money. In this way the first *Charles Andrews (Dinbandhu Andrews) was a professor of
Satyagraha of Gandhiji was successful. *Pt. Rajkumar Saint Stephens College, Delhi. He was deeply attached with
Shukla persuaded Gandhiji to look into the matters of the Indians and wanted to be an Indian in all forms. He had strong
exploitation of farmers in Champaran. The people that relations with Rabindranath Tagore, Gopal Krishna Gokhale
accompanied Gandhiji to Champaran for investigation and Mahatma Gandhi. *He stayed to0 at Phoenix Ashram
included - Acharya J.P. Kriplani, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, with Gandhiji. Gandhiji, after seeing him completely devoted
Mahadev Desai, C.F. Andrew’s, Dr. Anugrah Narayan towards upliftments of poor, gave him the title of Dinbandhu.
Singh, Raj Kishor Prasad, etc. N.G. Ranga opposed *Andrews was the president of All India Trade Union in 1925
Gandhiji’s support to Champaran movement, whereas and 1927. He accompanied Gandhiji when he went to London
Rabindranath Tagore gave him the title of 'Mahatma' to took part in Round Table Conference. *Gandhiji was not a
during this movement. *After Champaran movment, the next member of Congress during India’s Independence. In the year
experiment of Gandhiji was the dispute between cotton mill 1934, he resigned from Congress. Afterwards, he never became
owners and labours of Ahmedabad on the issue of plague a member of Congress officially but his ideologies played a
bonus. Gandhiji convinced workers and owners to hand very significant role in the then political scenario.
over this issue to a tribunal. To encourage and motivate the *In 1903, Gandhiji founded a law firm in Johanesburg
labourers, he himself sat on fasting. This protest showed some and stayed there till 1910. Gandhiji applied the principles
result and the owners handed over all these matters to the of Trusteeship in his law firm. Gandhiji believed that the
tribunal. Later on tribunal pronounced a 35% compensation. economy of each country should be determined after keeping
*In 1918, at Kheda, after the failure of crops. The Government into consideration the climate, land, nature of residents of that
didn’t give any concession in revenue, nor did they stopped the country. This economics is totally opposed to exploitation,
In January, 1915 Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Gandhi did not support the resolution on recruiting
Indians for World War.
Africa and people warmly welcomed him. The struggles and
3. Consequent upon the breaking of Salt Law by
success in South Africa made him very popular in India. In
Indian people, the Indian National Congress was
India, he came in contact with Gopal Krishna Gokhale and
declared illegal by the colonial rulers.
accepted him as his political mentor. He linked himself to
Which of the statements given above are correct?
India’s active politics under the influence of Gopal Krishna (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
Gokhale. (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
15. How many years did Gandhiji live in South Africa? I.A.S. (Pre) 2019
(a) 20 years (b) 21 years Ans. (b)
(c) 16 years (d) 15 years Statement 1 : During the early 1900s, Gandhi was
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 instrumental in getting the indentured labour system
Ans. (b) abolished in the British Empire. C.F. Andrews contributed
in the abolition campaign.
Gandhiji lived approx 21 years in South Africa. In 1893 at
Statement 2 : Gandhi supported the resolution so, it is wrong.
the age of 24, he went to South Africa to appear in a case
Statement 3 : It is correct, INC was declared illegal.
of Gujarati merchant Dada Abdulla. He returned to India in
January, 1915. 18. Which one of the following sessions of Indian National
Congress was for the first time attended by M.K.
16. In which of the following railway stations of South Gandhi:
Africa, Mahatma Gandhi was thrown out of the train? (a) Lucknow Session, 1916
(a) Johannesburg (b) Pietermaritzburg (b) Calcutta Session, 1901
(c) Durban (d) Pretoria (c) Amritsar Session, 1919
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015 (d) Nagpur Session, 1920
Ans. (b) U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
Gandhi arrived in Durban, South Africa in 1893 to serve as legal U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003
counsel to the merchant Dada Abdulla. In June, he was asked by Ans. (b)
Dada Abdulla to undertake a trip to Pretoria in the Transvaal, a Mahatma Gandhi attended the Calcutta session of Indian
journey which first took Gandhi to Pietermaritzburg. National Congress in the year 1901 for the first time. During
Satyagraha Ashram. But Gandhi wanted to carry out various political leaders during the Indian Independence Movement
activities such as farming and animal husbandry, in addition against the British Empire in India. Gokhale was famously a
to other pursuits which required a much larger area of usable mentor of Mahatma Gandhi in his formative years. In 1912,
land. So two years later, on 17 June 1917, the Ashram was Gokhale visited South Africa at Gandhi’s invitation. As a
relocated to an area of thirty-six acres on the banks of the
young barrister, Gandhi returned from his struggles against
River Sabarmati, in Ahmedabad and later came to be known
the Empire in South Africa and received personal guidance
as the Sabarmati Ashram.
from Gokhale, including knowledge and understanding of
20. Mahatma Gandhi set up an Ashram on the banks of India and the issues confronting common Indians. By 1920,
Sabarmati near Ahmedabad is known as: Gandhi emerged as the leader of the Indian Independence
(a) Sabarmati Ashram (b) Harijan Ashram Movement. In his autobiography, Gandhi calls Gokhale as
(c) Satyagraha Ashram (d) Swaraj Ashram his mentor and guide.
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
24. As per Mahatma Gandhi politics meant –
Ans. (c)
(a) Religionless politics
See the explanation of above question. (b) Activity for public welfare
21. Which one of the following Ashrams related to (c) Truthless politics
Mahatma Gandhi, is the oldest? (d) None of the above
(a) Sabarmati (b) Phoenix U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013
(c) Wardha (d) Sadaqat Ans. (b)
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012 For Gandhi, politics meant social welfare and public welfare.
Ans. (b) The most important suggestion about politics from Gandhiji
Gandhi purchased some land near Phoenix station and was ‘decentralization of power’. For him, the decentralization
established the Phoenix settlement in mid-1904. It was meant to encourage the village Panchayats and control their
reopened on 27 February, 2000. It was the first Ashram local administration.
established by Gandhiji.
25. Which of the following is not a feature of politics of the
22. Where did Gandhiji adopt ‘Seva Dharma’? Gandhian model?
(a) Mumbai (b) Shantiniketan (a) Ethics (b) Religion
(c) Ramdas Gandhi (d) Manilal Gandhi (d) Subhas Chandra Bose
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
Ans. (b)
Ans. (b)
Mahatma Gandhi told destruction is the best method of
The nephew of Mahatma Gandhi, Magan Lal Gandhi first
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(c) Anugrah Narayan (d) Mahatma Gandhi Indigo cultivation in India declined by the beginning of 20th
U.P. R.O. A.R.O. (Pre) 2017 century because of invention of synthetic indigo which made
Ans. (c) the indigo cultivation unprofitable in the world market.
Champaran Agrarian Enquiry Committee was presided by 36. Arrange the following events in correct chronological
F.G. Slay. Its members were D.J. Reid, Mahatma Gandhi, sequence using the code given below:
1. Satyagrah against the Rowlatt Act
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FICCI also decided to boycott the Round Table Conference (c) Maulana Azad
as long as Gandhi stayed away from it and the Viceroy made (d) Maulana Rahmat Ali
a definite promise regarding the dominion status. Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (b)
53. Indian cotton merchant, banker; Congressman and a
close associate of Mahatma Gandhi” The description Maulana Shaukat Ali (10 March 1873- 26 November 1938)
fits with: was an Indian Muslim leader of the Khilafat Movement. He
(a) G. D. Birla (b) M. R. Jayakar was arrested and imprisoned from 1921 to 1923 for his sup-
(c) Jamnalal Bajaj (d) V. S. Shrinivas Sastri port to Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress
I.A.S. (Pre) 1993 during the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922). He
Ans. (c) opposed the 1928 Nehru Report. He attended the first and
Jamnalal Bajaj was an industrialist, a philanthropist, as the second Round Table conference in London in 1930-31. In
well as a freedom fighter. He was also a close associate and 1936, Ali became a member of the All India Muslim League.
follower of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhiji used to call Jamnalal
his ‘fifth son.’ A loyal member of the Indian National 56. Which one of the following Jails was named as
Congress, Bajaj has worked extensively on social initiatives ‘Mandir’ by Gandhiji?
such as abolishing untouchability, the prohibition of Harijans (a) Naini (b) Yarvada
(c) Cellular (Port Blair) (d) Aghakhan Palace
into Hindu temple and promotion of Khadi. He participated
U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015
in the Non-Cooperation Movement and renounced his title Ans. (b)
of ‘Rai Bahadur’ conferred by the British Government in
1921. In the same year, he succeeded in bringing Vinoba Yarvada Central Jail was in Pune, state of Maharashtra.
Bhave to Wardha to start a branch of Satyagraha Ashram. Mahatma Gandhi spent several years during India’s struggle
In 1923, in memory of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, it was for freedom. He named Yarvada Jail as Mandir. He wrote
decided to organize tricolour flag procession in Nagpur ‘Yerwada Mandir’ (Ashrama Observance) first published
and the Government banned it. Later, Jamnalal Bajaj took in 1932.
the challenge and organized the Flag Satyagraha and was
sentenced to jail for 18 months and Rs. 3,000/- as fine. The 57. At the time of India’s Independence, Mahatma Gandhi
leadership qualities he showed as the commander of Flag was:
Satyagraha made him a real hero and a National leader. (a) A member of Congress Working Committee
(b) Not a member of the Congress
54. Mahatma Gandhi’s close English compatriot during
(c) The President of the Congress
the freedom movement was :
(d) The General Secretary of the Congress
(a) Thomas Moore (b) A. O. Hume I.A.S. (Pre) 1993
(c) Charles Andrews (d) William Wavell Ans. (b)
His first major public speech in India was at the opening Satyagraha launched?
of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in February, 1916. (a) Farmers (b) Cotton Mill Workers
67. From where did Gandhiji launch his mission of freeing (c) Jewellery artisans (d) Press Freedom
bonded labour? U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015
(a) Patna (b) Calcutta Ans. (b)
(c) Bombay (d) Gorakhpur
U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015 See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (*)
71. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched
Gandhiji arrived in Patna in his way to Champaran with regarding propounding the principle of Trusteeship
Rajkumar Shukla and launched his mission of freeing of Mahatma Gandhi?
bonded labour with his first Satyagraha known as Champaran (a) South Africa - 1903 (b) London - 1904
(c) Delhi - 1905 (d) Ahmedabad - 1906
Satyagraha against forced indigo farming.
U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013
68. Who participated in ‘Satyagrah’ started by Gandhiji Ans. (a)
at Ahmedabad in 1917-18? In 1903, Gandhiji established his law firm in Johannesburg
(a) Cultivators class (b) Industrial workers and lived there till 1910. Gandhi had applied the principle
(c) Public (d) Middle Class of Trusteeship.
39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
72. Which one of the following statements is not correct
Ans. (b)
about Gandhian economy?
Gandhiji’s first great experiment in Satyagraha happened in (a) He laid emphasis on the economy based on non-
1917, in Champaran, in Bihar. Gandhiji’s next activity was in violence.
1918 at Ahmedabad where agitation was going on between (b) Centralisation lead to exploitation and inequality,
the industrial workers and the owners of a cotton textile mill hence centralisation is opponent of formation of non-
for the Plague bonus. While Gandhiji was negotiating with
violent society
the mill owners, he advised the workers to go on strike and
(c) He was not in favour of mechanisation in India
to demand 35% increase Plague Bonus. Having advised the
strikers to depend upon their conscience, Gandhiji himself (d) He did not favour mechanisation in U.S.A.
went on a “fast unto death” to strengthen the workers U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013
resolved to continue the strike. The mill owners gave up, Ans. (d)
etc. Rural industries are based on family labour and require of their land (Tinkathia System).Towards the end of 19 th
less amount of capital. Raw materials are available in local century, German synthetic dyes forced Indigo out of the
and surrounding areas and the goods thus produced is sold in market and the European planters of Champaran, to remove
local markets. Therefore, there is no problem with production the obligation of cultivating Indigo on the cultivators tried
and market. Gandhi has strongly advocated the development to secure enhancements in rents and other illegal dues as a
of cottage industries in villages, which will reduce the price for the release. Resistance had surfaced in 1908, but
burden on agriculture. Cottage industry can also work as a momentum came when Rajkumar Shukla ( a local man)
good support system for villagers. Thus, all villagers can get decided to follow Gandhiji and persuaded him to come to
employment in their respective villages, which will check Champaran and investigate the problem.
the migration to urban areas. According to Gandhi, socio-
economic improvement of untouchables can be brought by 77. Who drew Gandhiji's attention to the plight of indigo
establishing cottage industry for them. peasants in Champaran?
(a) Rajendra Prasad
74. What does ‘Gandhian Innovation’ mean? (b) Anugrah Narayan Sinha
(a) To produce more (c) Acharya Kripalani
(b) To produce in domestic economy (d) Raj Kumar Shukla
(c) To produce for consumption (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(d) To produce more from less input for more people 66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020
U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015 Ans (d)
Ans. (d)
See the explanation of above question.
The term Gandhian Innovation was coined by Prof. Prahlad
and R.A. Mashelkar meaning, “serving people with fewer
resources and at a lower cost.” Thus to produce more from 78. The Champaran Movement was basically against
less input for more people is the correct answer. (a) Land revenue
(b) cash crops
75. Which event occurred first? (c) agricultural policies of the British Government
(a) Kheda Satyagraha (d) Land grants
(b) Civil Disobedience Movement (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement 66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020
(d) Champaran Satyagraha Ans (b)
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (d)
See the explanation of above question. 86. Who invited Gandhiji Champaran?
83. With which place and cultivation ‘Tinkathia’ Kanoon (a) Rajendra Prasad (b) Raj Kumar Shukla
is related? (c) Mazharul Haq (d) Krishna Sahay
(a) Gorakhpur - Opium (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(b) Begusarai - Paddy
B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
(c) Champaran - Indigo (Neel)
Ans. (b)
(d) Burdwan - Paddy
U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015 Rajkumar Shukla requested Mahatma Gandhi to visit Cham-
Ans. (c) paran meeting him in Lucknow
(i) High rents—50 per cent higher than the recorded rates;
Swami Ramanand was related with Hyderabad and Abdul
(ii) Oppression by Thikedars in charge of revenue collection;
Hamid Khan with Southern Assam. and
7. Who among the following was elected as General (iii) The practice of share-rents.
Secretary of 'All India Kishan Congress' established The meetings of the Eka or the Unity Movement involved
in Lucknow? a symbolic religious ritual in which the assembled peasants
(a) Swami Sahjanand (b) N.G. Ranga vowed that they would:
(c) Indu Lal Yagnik (d) Ram Manohar Lohia i. Pay only the recorded rent but would pay it on time;
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016 ii. Not leave when evicted;
Ans (b) iii. Refuse to do forced labour;
iv. No help to the criminals;
See the explanation of above question.
v. Abide by Panchayat decisions.
8. Who among the following was linked closely with Kisan By March 1922, however, severe repression on the part of
Sabha Movement in the 1930s? the authorities succeeded in bringing the Eka Movement to
(a) Swami Vidyananda (b) Swami Sahajananda its end.
(c) Baba Ramananda (d) Sardar Patel
11. EKA - Movement was started by :
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
(a) Peasants of Maharashtra
Ans. (b)
(b) Peasants of Bengal
During the decade of 1930, Swami Sahajanand was closely (c) Peasants of Punjab
associated with the Kisan Sabha Movement. The Bihar (d) Peasants of Hardoi, Barabanki and other places of U.P.
Kisan Sabha was founded by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2017
and he was elected as the President of first All India Kisan Ans. (d)
Conference held at Lucknow in 1936.
See the explanation of above question.
9. Swami Sahajananda was related to which of the fol-
12. Who presided over the first session of All India Kishan
lowing?
Sabha?
(a) Tribal Movement in Bihar
(b) Labour Movement in Bihar (a) Swami Sahajananda (b) Indulal Yagnik
(c) Peasant Movement in Bihar (c) N.N. Ranga (d) P.C. Joshi
(d) Caste Movement in Bihar 47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above Ans. (a)
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati (1889-1950) was a Sanyasi and See the explanation of above question.
a prominent farmers' right activist. He was also an Indian 18. The founder President of All India Kisan Sabha was –
freedom fighter. He was a forceful writer and ran the Hindi (a) Acharya Narendra Dev
weekly Hunkar from Patna. (b) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
14. Which one of the following Congress leaders had (c) Bamkim Mukherjee
(d) Jayprakash Narayan
participated in the first meeting of All India Kisan
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
Sabha?
Ans. (b)
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru (b) M.K. Gandhi
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose (d) Rajendra Prasad See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017 19. Swami Sahajanand was related with –
Ans. (a) (a) Tribal Movement in Bihar
The first meeting of All India Kisan Sabha was held in April (b) Caste Movement in Bihar
1936 in Lucknow. It was presided over by Swami Sahajanand (c) Farmers Movement in Bihar
Saraswati. This meeting was addressed by Jawahar Lal Ne- (d) Labour Movement in Bihar
hru also. In this meeting, Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was 42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997
chosen as the President and N.G. Ranga was the secretary Ans. (c)
of All India Kisan Sabha. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati founded Provincial Kisan
Sabha and also became the President of All India Kisan
15. Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Congress was founded in:
Sabha. He was related to the farmer’s Movement in Bihar.
(a) 1936 AD (b) 1939 AD
Here, Sahajanand Saraswati was joined by Karyanand
(c) 1942 AD (d) 1945 AD
Sharma, Yadunandan Sharma, Rahul Sankritayan, Panchanan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above.
Sharma, Jamun Karjiti, etc. In 1935, the Provincial Kisan
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
Sabha adopted the anti-zamindari slogan. The Provincial
Ans. (a)
Kisan Sabha developed a rift with the Congress over ‘Bakasht
See the explanation of above question. land’ issue because of an unfavourable Government
Sanskrityan, Panchanan Sharma, Yadunandan Sharma and all sources of energy and wealth.
many other communist leaders to bring that movement at
24. Who was associated with Kisan Movement in Bihar?
village level.
(a) Rajendra Prasad (b) C.R. Das
21. Who formed Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha? (c) Motilal Nehru (d) Bhagat Singh
(a) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati 44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000
(b) Ram Sundar Singh Ans. (a)
(c) Ganga Sharan Sinha In the context of the question, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was
(d) Ramanand Mishra associated with the Kisan Movement in Bihar. He was
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above the President of the Constituent Assembly. After the
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019 commencement of the Constitution, he became the first
Ans. (a) President of India.
See the explanation of above question. 25. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
using the codes given below the Lists:
22. The Tebhaga Movement was started in 1946 from
List-I
bengal under the leadership of :
A. Bardoli Satyagraha
(a) Muslim League
B. Bhartiya Kisan Vidyalaya
(b) Kisan Sabha
C. Bengal Praja Party
(c) Indian National Congress
D. Bakashat Agitation
(d) Trade Union
List-II
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
1. Swami Shraddhananda Saraswati
66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020
2. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Ans (b)
3. Fazlul Haq
Tebagha movement was peasant agitation started in Bengal 4. N.G. Ranga
in 1946 by Kisan Sabha. Code :
At that time sharecroppers had Contracted to give half of their A B C D
harvest to the landlords. The demand of Tebhaga (sharing by (a) 2 3 4 1
third) movement was to reduce the landlord share to one third. (b) 2 4 3 1
the labour movement in India. He is remembered not only (c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) N.M. Joshi
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011
for ameliorating the working conditions of textile mill hands
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
in the 19th century but also for his courageous initiatives on
Ans. (c)
caste and communal issues. The government of India issued
See the explanation of above question.
a postage stamp with his photograph in 2005.
9. Who among the following had presided over the All
5. Who was the first President of All India Trade Union
India Trade Union Congress held at Nagpur in 1929?
Congress?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Acharya Narendra Dev
(a) B.T. Ranade (b) Satya Bhakta
(c) Subhas Chandra Bose (d) Yusuf Meherally
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) N.M. Joshi
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
Ans. (a)
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002
Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the All India Trade Union
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997 Congress held at Nagpur in 1929. The Nagpur session of the
Ans. (c) All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1929 displayed
11. Who was the first Indian to be the member of 14. The Revolutionary phase of the trade union movement
Communist International? in India was :
(a) M.N. Roy (b) Muzaffar Ahmad (a) 1939-45 (b) 1926-39
(c) S.S. Dange (d) None of the above
(c) 1918-26 (d) 1914-18
40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
The Communist International was founded in 1919 by
The revolutionary phase of the Trade Union Movement in
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Russian Party (Bolshevik). M.N.
India is considered from 1926 to 1939. M. N. Roy, Muzaffar
Roy visited Moscow on the invitation of Vladimir Lenin and
Ahmad, Shripad Amrit Dange, Shauqat Usmani, etc. were
became a member of Communist International. He was the
first Indian to be the member of the Communist International. the main leaders during its militant phase.
Bagh Massacre (1919) 1. During the Indian Freedom Struggle, why did the
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
11. Who suggested launching of no tax campaign as a Jallianwala Bagh Massacre or Amritsar massacre was
protest against Rowlatt Act? an important incident in the history of Indian Freedom
(a) Abul Kalam Azad (b) Gandhiji Movement during the British rule. On April 13, 1919 the
infamous Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place. On that day
(c) Rabindranath Tagore (d) Swami Shraddhanand
a large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwalla
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
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12. The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime Act (1919) 15. The year 1919 in India history is related to :
was popularly known as the: (a) for the transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi
(a) Rowlatt Act (b) Pitt’s India Act (b) for the tragedy of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(c) Indian Arms Act (d) Ilbert Bill (c) Partition of Bengal
I.A.S. (Pre) 1996 (d) Khilafat Movement
Ans. (a) 38th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1992
The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime Act was popularly Ans. (b)
known as the Rowlatt Act. The Act was passed on the See the explanation of above question.
recommendations of a Committee under the chairmanship
16. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place in the city :
of Justice Sidney Rowlatt.
(a) Meerut (b) Agra
13. Which important event immediately preceded (c) Amritsar (d) Lahore
Jallianwala Bagh massacre? Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Enactment of Rowlatt Act Ans. (c)
(c) Communal Award See the explanation of above question.
(d) Arrival of Simon Commission
17. During the Indian freedom struggle, a large unarmed
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
crowd gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar
Ans. (b)
on April 13, 1919 to protest against the arrest of:
Rowlatt Act enacted in March, 1919. In protest to this Act (a) Swami Shraddhanand and Mazharul Haq
Gandhi had organized a country-wide strike on April 06, (b) Madan Mohan Malviya and Mohammad Ali Jinnah
19. The person who returned his honour to the Indian See the explanation of above question.
Government on May 30, 1919 was –
23. Rabindra Nath Tagore gave up his ‘Knighthood’ in
(a) Jamnalal Bajaj (b) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(c) Mahatma Gandhi (d) Rabindranath Tagore protest to which one of the following?
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004 (a) Rowlatt Act
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001 (b) Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh
Ans. (d) (c) Simon Commission
(d) Cripps Mission
After the incident of Jallianwala Bagh (April 13, 1919),
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
Rabindranath Tagore returned his honour of ‘Knighthood’
Ans. (b)
to Indian Government on May 31, 1919. In a letter to the
Governor-General, he wrote: “..... The time has come See the explanation of above question.
when badges of honour make our shame glaring in their
24. Rabindranath Tagore gave up his 'Knighthood'
incongruous context of humiliation and I for my part wish
because of
to stand shorn of all special distinctions by the side of those
(a) Brutal suppression of Civil Disobedience Movement
of my countrymen who, for their so-called insignificance,
(b) Execution of Bhagat Singh
are liable to suffer degradations not fit for human beings.....”
(c) Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
20. Rabindranath Tagore was awarded Nobel Prize in the (d) Chauri Chaura Incident
year (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(a) 1913 (b) 1920 65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
(c) 1922 (d) 1936 Ans. (c)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
Ans. (a) See the explanation of above question.
Rabindra Nath Tagore was awarded Nobel Prize in the field 25. Who among the following gave up the title of ‘Sir’ in
of literature in the year 1913. He was the first Indian who protest against the Jallianwala Bagh incident?
received this award. (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Rabindranath Tagore (d) Tej Bahadur Sapru
21. The name of the famous person of India who returned U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
the Knighthood conferred on him by the British Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
Government as a token of protest against the atrocities
Ans. (c)
in Punjab in1919 was:
(a) Tej Bahadur Sapru (b) Ashutosh Mukherjee See the explanation of above question.
(c) V.D. Savarkar (d) Udham Singh (b) Massacre of Jallianwala Bagh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above (c) Shooting of the Mahatma
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016 (d) Shooting of Curzon-Wythe
Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (b)
35. The task of drafting Congress Inquiry Committee The massacre of Jallianwala Bagh in 1919 in which thousands
report on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was entrusted to : of people were killed in the firing of General Dwyer was
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Mahatma Gandhi called “Preventive Murder” by Montague.
(c) C.R. Das (d) Fazlul Haq
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014 39. Which one of the following aroused a wave of popular
Ans. (b) indignation that led to the massacre by the British a
The task of drafting Congress Inquiry Committee report Jallianwala Bagh?
on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was entrusted to Mahatma (a) The Arms Act (b) The Public Safety Act
Gandhi. In the initial answer sheet of Uttar Pradesh Public (c) The Rowlatt Act (d) The Vernacular Press Act
Service Commission, option (b) was considered as a correct
answer, but in its revised answer key, the commission has I.A.S. (Pre) 2007
removed the question. Ans. (c)
36. Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of Jallianwala The Government appointed a commission headed by Justice
Bagh Massacre in 1919? Sydney Rowlatt to investigate the nature of discontent and the
cause of revolutionary activities. On the recommendation of
(a) Lord Chelmsford (b) Lord Minto
the commission, Rowlatt Act was passed in March, 1919. The
(c) Lord Dalhousie (d) Lord Canning Act empowered the Government to arrest any person without
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 assigning any reason or ground for the arrest; search any place
Ans. (a) without a warrant and imprison any person without a trial.
Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India at the time The Rowlatt Act raised a storm of protests and a wave of
of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919. Some other important popular indignation throughout the country. The Press and
events during his tenure are the enactment of the Government the Congress called it the ‘Black Act.’ There were strikes
of India, 1919 (Montague-Chelmsford Reforms) which and public meetings at various places throughout the country.
introduced dyarchy in the Provinces; enactment of Rowlatt At Amritsar, the arrest of Gandhiji and two prominent local
Act (1919); the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy (1919); and the leaders Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal aroused a
beginning of the Non-cooperation Movement. wave of protests. On April 13, 1919 a peaceful and unarmed
Conference held at Delhi on November 23, 1919. The U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
Amritsar Session of the Congress was held in December U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
1919, which gave a great fillip to the Khilafat agitation. Ans. (d)
5. Why did Mahatma Gandhi support the Khilafat Gandhi linked the issue of Swaraj with the Khilafat issue
Movement? to bring Hindus and Muslims together in one Movement.
(a) The Khalifa had given shelter to Indian revolutionaries Mohammad Ali Jinnah opposed this. Jinnah criticized
(b) Gandhiji wanted to win the support of the Indian Gandhi’s support of the Khilafat Movement, which he
Muslims against the British saw as an endorsement of religious zealotry. According to
(c) The Khalifa supported Indian struggle for freedom K.M. Munshi, “Jinnah warned Gandhiji not to encourage
(d) The Khalifa was a friend of Gandhiji the fanaticism of Muslim religious leaders” in the Khilafat
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008 Movement.
Ans. (b)
10. Who among the following had denounced the
See the explanation of above question.
participation of Mahatma Gandhi in the Khilafat
6. Khilafat Movement was supported by: Movement?
(a) Hume (b) Sir Sayyed (a) Mohammad Ali (b) Shaukat Ali
(c) Curzon (d) Gandhiji (c) Abul Kalam Azad (d) M.A. Jinnah
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002 U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011
Ans. (d) Ans. (d)
See the explanation of above question. See the explanation of above question.
7. Who viewed the Khilafat Movement as an opportunity 11. Which one of the following was the result of Khilafat
for integrating Hindus and Muslims which will not
movement?
appear again within coming hundred years?
(a) Hindu-Muslim differences were narrowed down
(a) Ali Brothers (b) Abul Kalam Azad
(b) Language problem became acute
(c) Mahatma Gandhi (d) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
(c) Hindu-Muslim riots increased
40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
(d) Hindus were suppressed
Ans. (c)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (a)
of Aitchison relate?
13. The Congress supported the Khilafat Movement (a) Revolt of 1857
mainly for: (b) Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
1. Reinstatement of Caliph (c) Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-22)
2. Removal of Caliph (d) August Movement of 1942
I.A.S. (Pre) 2000
3. Getting the sympathy of the Muslims
Ans. (c)
4. Marginalising Jinnah in the Congress
This statement of Aitchison is related to the event of Khilafat
Code :
and Non-Cooperation Movement of 1919-22. At this time,
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
Muslims joined the Nationalist stream, and there was
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
unprecedented unity between Hindu and Muslims. This was
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000 at the time when Jinnah announced that we are first Muslim
Ans. (a) then Indian.
Congress supported the Khilafat Movement mainly for 17. Moplah Rebellion in 1921 was an offshoot of :
reinstatement of the caliph and getting the sympathy of the (a) Khilafat Movement
Muslims. According to Gandhi, this was a golden opportunity (b) Mutiny of 1857
for Hindu-Muslim unity. (c) Swadeshi Movement
(d) Non-Cooperation Movement
14. Which of the following Indian leaders did not support 43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
the Khilafat Movement? Ans. (a)
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
The Moplah peasants revolted against the Hindu landlord’s
(b) Madan Mohan Malviya
oppressive policies, which were in alliance with the British.
(c) Mohammad Ali
The Hindu landlords redistributed their lands and the
(d) Swami Shraddhanand
Moplahs, who had been suffering, tempted to in revolt, a
U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
pitched battle between the British regiment and the Moplahs
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
which killed several Europeans. On the other hand, the
Ans. (b) Khilafat Movement also turned more aggressive, and the
Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya was the foremost educationalist, situation had become very confusing, and it was very difficult
legal luminary, scholar and editor of pre-Independent India. to make a difference between the meetings of Khilafat
Pandit Malviya opposed Mahatma Gandhi’s endorsement of Movement and the meeting by Moplah peasants. Thus both
the Khilafat Movement. the Movements were merged together.
institutions, Foreign goods, etc. This Movement introduced Indian National Congress in 1920?
the people with modern techniques of politics and made them (a) C.R. Das (b) Annie Besant
hungry for freedom. Communal Unity and massive participation (c) B.C. Pal (d) Madan Mohan Malviya
of Muslim was a significant achievement of this movement. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
*The movement destroyed the fear of British power from the Ans. (a)
hearts of people. *At the time when Gandhiji arrived in India,
In September, 1920, Congress met in Calcutta in a special
Britain was at World War 1st. He supported Britain in the war
session in which Gandhi proposed the Non-cooperation
for which he was given the title of ‘Kaiser-e-Hind’ which he
resolution which was opposed by C.R. Das. In December,
returned during the Non-Cooperation Movement. *Jaman Lal
1920, at annual Congress Session in Nagpur, it was
Bajaj returned the title of Rai Bahadur. *Tilak supported the
thoroughly discussed and endorsed by all. During the Nagpur
Non-Cooperation movement but his death on the very first day
Session, it was C.R.Das who himself proposed the Non-
of the movement (1st August, 1920) made him unable to see
cooperation resolution.
the fruits of the movement.
*Chauri Chaura incident took place on 4th February, 1922. At 2. In which year the first Non-Cooperation movement
a place called Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur in United Province, was launched by Indian National Congress?
police openly fired at a group of protestors participating in (a) 1917 (b) 1918
non-cooperation movement, after this, the angered mob burnt
(c) 1920 (d) 1928
down the police station and killed all 23 soldiers. This incident
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
is popularly known as the Chauri Chaura incident. After this
Ans. (c)
incident, Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement
seeing it becoming violent. On 12th February, 1922 Congress See the explanation of above question.
at the Bardoli meeting called off Non-Cooperation Movement. 3. The Non-Cooperation Movement was started in –
At that time, Gandhiji was preparing for Civil Disobedience (a) 1918 (b) 1919
movement through mass Movement at Bardoli in Gujarat. On
(c) 1920 (d) 1921
February 24th, 1922 Indian Congress Committee organized
53 to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
rd
forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home. Ans. (b)
17. Who led cultivators in Bihar during the Non- The infamous Chauri- Chaura incident took place in a small
cooperation Movement? town by the same name near Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh in
(a) Swami Vidyanand February, 1922. This painful event led to the suspension of
(b) Raj Kumar Shukla the Non-Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi.
(c) Shri Krishna Singh
21. Mahatma Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation
(d) J.B. Sen
Movement because :
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(a) The support of public was not satisfactory.
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18. The Chauri-Chaura episode took place on: See the explanation of above question.
(a) 5th February, 1922 (b) 4th February, 1922
22. Which of the following was the major cause to
(c) 2 February, 1922
nd
(d) 6th February, 1922
withdraw the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 Mahatma Gandhi?
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002 (a) Most of the leaders were arrested and were in prison
Ans. (b) (b) British agreed to fulfill the demand of the party
The Chauri-Chaura incident occurred at Chauri-Chaura in (c) He did not see any chance of success of the movement
the Gorakhpur district of the then United Province, British (d) The chauri chaura violence
India on 4 February, 1922, when a large group of protesters U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019
participating in the Non-cooperation Movement turned Ans (d)
violent, leading to police opening fire. In retaliation the See the explanation of above question.
demonstrators attacked and set fire to a police station, killing
all of its occupants. The incident led to the deaths of three 23. Why did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw the Non-
civilians and 23 policemen. cooperation Movement in 1922?
(a) Most of the leaders were arrested and they were in
19. In which district is Chauri Chaura situated? prison.
(a) Deoria (b) Gorakhpur (b) Britishers were ready to accept the demands partly.
(c) Kushinagar (d) Maharajganj (c) Because of the violence in Chauri-Chaura.
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013 (d) There was not any chance of success of the movement.
U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
See the explanation of above question. See the explanation of above question.
The Anti-Non-Cooperation Association was started by big Assertion (A) : Mahatma Gandhi postponed the Non-
businessmen of Bombay in 1920 against the Non-cooperation cooperation Movement in 1922.
Khilafat Movement (1920-21). It was established by Reason (R) : The postponement was opposed by C.R.
Jamnadas Dwarkadas, Purshottamdas Thakurdas, Cowasji Das and Motilal Nehru.
Jehangir, Pheroze Sethna and Setalvad. The businessmen of Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Bombay felt that the movement would encourage the labour Code :
strikes, which in Bombay Presidency turned out to be violent (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
at earlier occasion. explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
Secondly, Gandhi did not have that acceptance in Maharashtra
explanation of (A).
region which at that time was still remembered Bal Gangadhar
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Tilak. CGPSC has deleted the answer in his final answer key.
(d) (A)is false, but (R) is true.
36. Which of the following pairs in is not correctly U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
matched? Ans. (b)
(a) 1885- Foundation of Indian National Congress Mahatma Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) 1905- The Partition of Bengal in 1922, after the violent incident of Chauri-Chaura. The
(c) 1909- Morley-Minto Reforms suspension of this movement was strongly opposed by C.R.
(d) 1930- Non-Cooperation Movement Das and Motilal Nehru. Thus, both assertion and reason
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996 are correct, but Reason (R) is not the correctexplanation of
Ans. (d) Assertion (A).
Non-Cooperation Movement started in 1920 under the 39. In 1920, which of the following changed its name to
leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and was suspended in 1922 "Swarajya Sabha"?
after the Chauri-Chaura incident. The Civil Disobedience (a) All India Home Rule League
Movement was started in 1930. Remaining options are
(b) Hindu Mahasabha
correctly matched.
(c) South Indian Liberal Federation
37. Which one of the following is correctly matched? (d) The Servants of India Society
(a) 1940- Lahore Session of Indian National Congress I.A.S. (Pre) 2018
(b) 1931- Execution of Rajguru Ans. (a)
of hopelessness was created with the withdrawal of Non- 1919 were boycotted by the Congress on the directions of
Cooperation Movement and the arrest of Gandhiji. Gandhiji and they didn't contest the elections of 1920. An
*C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formulated a new ideology. They atmosphere of hopelessness was created with the withdrawal
of Non-Cooperation Movement and the arrest of Gandhiji.
proposed that Congress should be a part of Government and
Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement led to a
should enter the legislative assemblies and the struggle should
split within Congress in the Gaya session of the Congress in
be continued by being within the Government. But this plan December, 1922. Leaders like Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan
was rejected by the majority of congressmen. C.R. Das (then Das formed a separate group within the Congress known as
President of Congress) resigned from the President's post and the Swaraj Party on January, 1923.The Swarajists wanted
to contest the Council elections and wreck the Government
formed a party in January, 1923 with Motilal Nehru and named
from within. Elections to Legislative Councils were held in
it Swaraj Party. The mandate of this party was to become a part
November, 1923. The Swaraj Party did several significant
of Councils and hinder their working through agitation. *C.R. things in the Legislative Council. It demanded the setting
Das became the President of the Party and Motilal Nehru up of responsible Government in India with the necessary
became its General Secretary. Srinivas Ayyangar (founder of changes in the Government of India Act of 1919.
the Swaraj Party at Madras) and N.C. Kelkar were the main 2. Who among the following resigned from the presidency
leaders of Swaraj Party. *The Election of Vitthalbhai Patel of the Congress for making Swaraj Party?
(a) C.R.Das (b) Motilal Nehru
as the Speaker of Legislative Assembly in 1925 is one of the
(b) Vithalbhai Patel (d) Pherozeshah Mehta
major achievements of the Swaraj Party. *Chitranjan Das was U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
also known as ‘Desh Bandhu’. The meaning of the term ‘Desh Ans. (a)
Bandhu’ was ‘The Friend of Nation’. Chitranjan Das studied See the explanation of above question.
law in London and became an advocate in India. *His one of 3. Swaraj Party was formed after the failure of the :
the most important achievement was the bail of Arvind Ghosh (a) Non-Cooperation Movement
from the Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case. He said Swaraj (b) Quit India Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
should be for common people not only for some sections of
(d) Swadeshi Movement
the society. Madan Mohan Malviya was the founder member
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
of Hindu Mahasabha. Ans. (a)
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai (a) Independence Party (b) Ghadar Party
(c) C.R.Das and Moti Lal Nehru (c) Swaraj Party (d) Indian National Party
(d) Sardar Patel and Rajendra Prasad U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
U.P Lower Sub.(Pre) 1998 Ans. (c)
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002 See the explanation of above question.
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
10. Motilal Nehru was the leader of Swaraj Party. Who of
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
the following was not in the Party?
Ans. (c)
(a) Srinivas Iyer (b) Chittaranjan Das
See the explanation of above question. (c) Vithalbhai Patel (d) C. Rajagopalachari
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993
6. Who established Swaraj Party in 1923? U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991
(a) Mahatma Gandhi Ans. (d)
(b) Vallabhbhai Patel
Rajagopalachari was not a member of Swaraj Party. After
(c) C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru
the Non-cooperation Movement, Congress was divided
(d) B.R. Ambedkar into two groups- the pro-changers and the no-changers. The
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above pro-changers wanted to enter the legislatures. They were
66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020 led by C R Das, Motilal Nehru, and Vithalbhai Patel. The
Ans (c) no-changers wanted to boycott the legislatures. They were
led by Vallabhbhai Patel, C Rajagopalachari, and Rajendra
See the explanation of above question.
Prasad. The pro-changers formed the Swaraj Party in
7. ‘Swaraj Dal’ was founded by – AD 1923. Srinivas Iyengar and N.C. Kelkar were other
(a) Tilak and Chittaranjan Das important leaders of Swaraj Party. The biggest achievement
for Swaraj Party was that Vithal Bhai Patel’ was elected as
(b) Gandhi and Motilal Nehru
Central Legislative Assembly Speaker. So it is clear that C.
(c) Gandhi and Tilak
Rajagopalachari was not a member of Swaraj Party.
(d) Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru
53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011 11. Who one of the following was not associated with
Ans. (d) Swaraj Party?
(a) Motilal Nehru (b) C.R. Das
See the explanation of above question. (c) N.C. Kelkar (d) Rajendra Prasad
of Congress. But in September, 1920 Congress organised (a) C. R. Das (b) Motilal Nehru
(c) M.R. Jayakar (d) Vithal Bhai Patel
a special session in Kolkata presided by Lala Lajpat Rai
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016
and passed the resolution for the movement. After Chaura-
Ans. (d)
Chauri Kand on 4 February, 1922, Gandhiji withdrew non
Vithal Bhai Patel was elected the President of the central/
cooperation movement and because of this C.R. Das & Pt.
Assembly in August 1925. He was one of the co-founder of
Moti Lal Nehru decided to form Swaraj Party on 1 January,
the Swaraj Party.
1923. Lala Lajpat Rai took part in it but resigned after death
of C.R. Das on 16 June, 1925. Hence option 1 & 2 both are
correct.
Simon Commission (1927)
19. Who was the first Indian Speaker in the Central *The Government of India Act, 1919 had a provision that a
commission would be appointed after ten years to study the
Legislative Assembly?
progress of the government scheme and suggest new steps.
(a) Sir Hari Singh Gaur (b) Vithal Bhai J. Patel
*An all White seven-membered Indian Statutory Commission
(c) Vallabh Bhai J. Patel (d) Purushottam Das Tandon
popularly known as the Simon Commission was set up by the
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
British Government under Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
Ans. (b)
in November, 1927. The Commission was to recommend to
Vithal Bhai Patel was the first Indian speaker in the Central the British Government whether India was ready for further
Legislative Assembly who became its president in 1925. He constitutional reforms.
was also the co-founder of the Swaraj Party. *This commission was chaired by Sir John Simon and had 7
Members. Since none of its members was Indian, it was opposed
20. The National Leader who was elected President
and boycotted by the Indians and this commission was termed
(Speaker) of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1925
as 'White commission' by Indians. The commission arrived
was :
Bombay on 3rd February, 1928. Chairman of this commission
(a) Motilal Nehru (b) C.R. Das
Sir John Simon was a member of Liberal Party whereas
(c) Vallabhbhai Pate (d) Vitthalbhai Patel
Clement Atlee who was the Prime Minister of England during
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
India’s Independence was also a member of this Commission
Ans. (d)
from Labour party. *Indian National Congress in its December
See the explanation of above question. 1927 session held at Madras decided to oppose Simon
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) Lala Hardayal people were the members of this Committee.
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
15. Who among the following had demanded first the
Ans. (c) dominion status for India?
Lala Lajpat Rai is also known as ‘Punjab Kesari’ was one (a) Rajagopalachari and Sardar Patel
of the major political leaders of Punjab who led freedom (b) Pt. Motilal Nehru and Govind Ballabh Pant
(c) Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru and Jaykar
movement against British rule.
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru and Jagjeevanram
13. Assertion (A) : Protest, led by Lala Lajpat Rai, was U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (c)
organized in Lahore in 1928 against
Pt. Motilal Nehru in March, 1926 demanded to call a
Simon Commission.
representative conference to form a Constitution for
Reason (R) : Simon Commission did not have a
Dominion status of India. However, the name of Govind
single Indian member in it. Ballabh Pant has been mentioned with his (Pt. Motilal Nehru)
(a) Both (A) and (R) are individually true, and (R) is the name in the given option who was not related to it. Thus
correct explanation of (A). option (c) will be the correct answer because Tej Bahadur
Sapru and Jaykar was the members of the Committee to
(b) Both (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not
prepare ‘Nehru Report.’
correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. 16. With reference to the period of Indian freedom struggle,
which of the following was/were recommended by the
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
‘Nehru Report’?
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 1. Complete Independence of India.
Ans. (a) 2. Joint electorates for reservation of seats for
In 1927, the British Government in England decided to send a minorities.
3. Provision of fundamental rights for the people of
commission headed by Lord Simon to decide India’s political
India in the Constitution.
future. On February 3, 1928 Simon Commission reached
Select the correct answer using the codes given below?
Bombay. The Commission had no Indian representative.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3
The decision created an outrage in India. All political groups (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
decided to boycott the Commission. When the Commission I.A.S. (Pre) 2011
arrived, it met with demonstrations with banners reading Ans. (b)
10. Who raised the Flag of Independence at the Congress The historic Lahore session of Indian National Congress in
Session of 1929? the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru was held in December,
(a) Maulana Muhammad Ali 1929 and the proposal to India’s independence (Poorna
(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Swaraj) had been declared by him for the first time. The
(c) Vallabhbhai Patel rift between extremist and moderates was resolved in 1916
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose Lucknow session of INC. Hence statement (2) is incorrect.
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above The two-nation theory was never opposed during Lahore
B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018 Congress Session, though it was opposed by the Congress
Ans. (b) as a political party. Hence, statement (3) is also incorrect.
See the explanation of above question. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
16. For the first time, Purna Swaraj was declared by the The Poorna Swaraj Resolution was prepared and presented
Congress at : by Jawaharlal Nehru at Lahore Session of Indian National
(a) Lahore (b) Amritsar Congress. During his Presidential speech, he said that
(c) Lucknow (d) Tripura ‘today we have only one target, the target of Independence.
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 Independence for us is complete Independence’. The Nehru
Ans. (a) Report was rejected in this session which only sought for
See the explanation of above question. Dominion status for India.
17. The President of Lahore Session of Indian National Civil Disobedience Movement
Congress (1929) was:
(a) Abul Kalam Azad (b) Jawaharlal Nehru *At Lahore Session, 1929 congress working committee was
(c) Rajendra Prasad (d) Subhash Chandra Bose empowered to start Civil Disobedience Movement. In February
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010 1930 Congress Working Committee held its second meeting at
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004 Sabarmati Ashram and Mahatma Gandhi was given leadership
Ans. (b) of this Movement. *On 12th March, 1930 Gandhiji started
See the explanation of above question. his famous Dandi March. He, with his chosen companions,
departed from Sabarmati to Dandi for the Satyagraha on 12th
18. Which of the following was not included in the
March. After 24 days of a long journey on 6th April, 1930 at
resolutions of Lahore Session of Congress in 1929?
Dandi, Gandhi broke Salt Law by picking up a lump of Salt at
(a) Declaration of India’s foreign policy
(b) Declaration of complete independence Dandi. And with this symbolic act, Gandhiji officially started
(c) Preparing to launch civil disobedience movement the Civil Disobedience Movement.
of the Movement after Gandhiji’s arrest and Sarojini Naidu Ashram on March 12, 1930. The march was over 241 miles,
became the leader of the Movement after Abbas Tayyabji's from Gandhi’s ashram in Sabarmati to Gujarat's coastal
arrest. Sarojini Naidu led the raid at Dharsana salt godown. village of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days. On
This incident was elaborated by American reporter Webb April 6, 1930 he reached Dandi and violated the salt law,
Miller. *In the North-West Frontier Region (NWFR), Khan manufacturing salt by boiling seawater. This marked the
Abdul Gaffar Khan founded an organization called Khudai beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. This
Khidmatgar. They were also known as Red Shirt. This Movement spread all over India under the leadership of
organization emphasized on the national unity also organized Mahatma Gandhi. A leader like C. Rajagopalachari took up
movements against British Colonial policies and demanded Salt March in Tamil Nadu from Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam.
improvement in the condition of labours. Muslims of NWFR 3. Dandi March was undertaken in :
played an important role in Civil Disobedience Movement (a) 1932 (b) 1931
under the leadership of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan. During (c) 1929 (d) 1930
this movement, Garhwal Regiment under the leadership 44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000
of Chandra Singh Garhwali in Peshawar refused to fire at Ans. (d)
unarmed gathering. *Tribals of Manipur played an active role
in the Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of See the explanation of above question.
‘Gaidinliu’ a Naga tribal woman. The movement led by her 4. When did the ‘Dandi March’ begin?
is called as Jiyatarang Movement. (b) 31 December, 1929 (c) 26 January, 1930
*After the Civil Disobedience Movement, Gandhiji focused on (d) 12 March, 1930 (a) 6 April, 1930
creative programmes. In October 1934, Gandhiji decided to Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
retire from active politics to devote all his time in the upliftment Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
of Harijans. In September 1932, Gandhiji founded an All India Ans. (c)
league against untouchability and started a magazine named
Harijan for the betterment of Harijans. See the explanation of above question.
1. At which Congress Session was the working 5. Gandhiji started Dandi March from :
committee authorized to launch a programme of Civil
(a) Champaran (b) Sabarmati
Disobedience?
(a) Bombay (b) Lahore (c) Bardoli (d) Dandi
(c) Lucknow (d) Tripura U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
I.A.S. (Pre) 2005 Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
Ans. (b) Ans. (b)
Mahatma Gandhi with his volunteers, started Dandi March 9. What was the ultimate goal of Gandhiji's Salt Satya-
from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12, 1930, to violate the graha?
(a) Repeal of Salt laws
Salt law at sea coast of Dandi (Gujrat). The number and
(b) Curtailment of the government's power
names of few satyagrahi with their respective states are (c) Economic relief to the common people
as follows- Gujrat-31, Maharashtra-13, U.P.-8, Kacch-6, (d) 'Purna Swaraj' for India
Kerala-4, Punjab-3, Rajputana-3, Bombay-2 (Dadubhai and (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
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Harilal Mahimtura), Sindh-1 (Anand Hingorani), Nepal-1 63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
(Mahaveer), Tamil Nadu-1 (Tapan Nayar), Andhra-1 Ans (e)
(Subramanyam), Utkal-1 (Motibasdas), Karnataka-1 Britain's Salt Act of 1882 prohibited Indians from collecting
(Mahadev Martand), Bihar-1 (Girivardhari Chaudhary), or selling salt. They can only buy it putting financial burden
on them. Gandhiji did his Salt Satyagrah to break the salt
Bengal-1 (Durgesh Chandra Das).
law and thus curtailing governments' power and also putting
7. In which of the following movements women’s pressure for the repeal of salt laws. Hence more than one
options are correct. Purana Swaraj was not the aim of Salt
participation is considered to be the maximum?
Satyagrah.
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Salt Satyagraha 10. In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started Civil Disobedience
(c) Bardoli March Movement from:
(d) Quit India Movement (a) Sevagram (b) Dandi
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016 (c) Sabarmati (d) Wardha
Ans. (b) 65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
I.A.S. (Pre) 1995
Women's participated on a large scale in civil Disobedience Ans. (b)
movement. Though Gandhi visualised a supportive role for
Mahatma Gandhi on March 12, 1930, with his 78 or 80
women, but they started getting impatient and demanded a volunteers started his famous Dandi March from Sabarmati
more active role. Gandhiji chose women for a higher role in Ashram to Dandi (in Navsari district of Gujrat) and violated
the picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops because of the salt law on April 6, 1930 walking 390 Km. in 24 days.
their inherent capacity for non-violence. Sarojini Naidu led
11. For how many days did Dandi March last?
the raid on Dharsana Saltworks.
(a) 10 days
8. Who among the following participated in the Salt (b) 20 days
Satyagraha of Gandhi? (c) 24 days
(a) Sarojini Naidu (d) 30 days
(b) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(c) Kamla Devi Chattopadhyaya 66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020
(d) All of these Ans (c)
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (d)
Under his Salt Satyagraha, Mahatma Gandhi reached Dandi U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
village on April 6, 1930. While addressing the domestic and Ans. (a)
foreign journalists, he said: “I want world sympathy in this Abbas Taiyabji led the Movement after Gandhi got arrested
battle of Right against Might.” at Sholapur. Women also played an important role in this
Movement.
20. Which one of the following statements is not correct
about Mahatma Gandhi’s Dandi March? 23. Where was Mahatma Gandhi when a raid was made
(a) It was started from Sabarmati Ashram by Congress volunteers on Dharsana Salt Depot?
(b) The march terminated at Dandi, a village beside the (a) In Yerawada Jail.
(b) In Sabarmati Jail
sea.
(c) Agha Khan Palace Poona
(c) Mahatma Gandhi prepared salt at the seashore.
(d) In Ahmadnagar Fort Jail
(d) It was altogether a pedestrian march. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 Ans. (a)
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004 Mahatma Gandhi was arrested on May 5, 1930 and sent to
Ans. (c) Yerawada Jail when a raid was made by Congress volunteers
After violating the salt law at sea coast of Dandi, Gandhi on Dharsana Salt Depot. Abbas Taiyabji led the Movement
after him. Sarojini Naidu led the raid on Dharsana Salt
decided to start the Civil Disobedience Movement. Salt
Depot on May 21, 1930 after Abbas Taiyabji got arrested.
was a major point of the Movement because the English
Web Miller, an American journalist, presented the details of
Government had banned the selling of the salt and also
this great event.
imposed a tax on it, which highly affected the poor. Mahatma
Gandhi started Dandi March accompanied by 78 or 80 of 24. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was arrested for the first time
for taking part in :
his trusted volunteers from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12,
(a) Bardoli movement
1930. The march was 241 miles, from Gandhi’s ashram in
(b) Champaran Satyagraha
Sabarmati to Gujarat's coastal town of Dandi. The volunteers (c) Civil Disobedience Movement
walked for 24 days. On April 6, 1930 he reached Dandi, (d) Non-Cooperation Movement
and ceremonially violated the salt law. Thus, statement (c) U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001
is incorrect. Ans. (c)
Webb Miller was an American journalist, who stayed by 29. During the Indian freedom struggle, the Khudai
Gandhi in his Sabarmati ashram during Dandi March. He Khidmatgars, also known as Red Shirts called for:
wrote about gruesome police excesses at Dharsana “ As a (a) The Union of Pakhtun tribal areas in northwest with
reporter, I have seen numerous revolts in the last 18 years. I the Afghanistan
have seen riots, carnage in the streets and revolts but I have
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U.P. P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2004 Agitation against Chaukidari Tax in Begusarai was a part of
Ans. (c) the Civil Disobedience Movement.
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In the leadership of Chandra Singh Garhwali, the soldiers 37. Who led the Salt Satyagraha in Bhagalpur
of the Garhwal regiment refused to fire on unarmed crowds (a) Shri Krishna Singh
at Peshawar during Civil Disobedience Movement. It is (b) Mahadev Lal Sarraf
noticeable that Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was quite active in (c) Kumar Mishra
this area and Khudai Khidmatgar organization or ‘Red Shirt’ (d) Satyanarayan
was the outcome of his works done for the people. They (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
played an active role in the Civil Disobedience Movement. 65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
Ans. (b)
33. Whose name is associated with the ‘Peshawar Incident’
of 1930? The Salt Satyagraha at Bihpur in Bhagalpur was led by
(a) General B. C. Joshi Mahadev Lal Sarraf, Deep Narayan Singh, Rameshwar
(b) Major Dhan Singh Thapa
Narayan Agrawal, Kailash Behari Lal and Zeharul Hasan
(c) Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali
(d) Prem Shing Negi Hashmi.
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2007 38. After the failure of the Civil Disobedience movement,
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
Ans. (c) Gandhiji gave importance to :
(a) Constructive programmes
See the explanation of above question.
(b) Limited use of violence
34. At the time of National Movement who started 'Dash (c) Negotiation with British
Roja' periodical?
(d) None of the above
(a) Mohammad Ali Jinnah (b) Abdul Gaffar Khan
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak 41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996
Chhhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 Ans. (a)
Ans. (b) Gandhi gave importance to the constructive programmes after
'Dash Roja' periodical was started by Abdul Gaffar Khan. the failure of the Civil Disobedience Movement. In October,
35. Jiatrang Movement started in : 1934 Gandhi decided to move away from the active politics
(a) Nagaland (b) Tripura to give his full time to ‘Harijanotthan.’ In September, 1932
(c) Manipur (d) Mizoram Mahatma Gandhi founded All India Anti-Untouchability
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 League for the welfare of Harijans and also published the
Ans. (c) weekly magazine ‘Harijan.’
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008 in London. Below are the proposed conditions –
Ans. (b) Discontinuation of Civil disobedience Movement by Indian
National Congress.
The women of Bihar such as Prabhavati Devi, Rajvanshi Participation of the India National Congress in Second Round
Devi, Suniti Devi and Radhika Devi contributed in the Table Conference.
Freedom Movement. Prabhawati Devi was a freedom fighter Withdrawal of all ordinances issued by British Government
from Patna. imposing curbs on the activities of INC.
Withdrawal of all prosecutions except those involving
Gandhi-Irwin Pact violence.
The release of prisoners arrested for participating in the Civil
*Viceroy Irwin released Gandhiji from Jail on 26th January 1931 Disobedience Movement.
considering the increasing influence of the Civil Disobedience
2. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the
Movement. Talks between Gandhiji and Irwin started in
following?
February 1931 with the efforts of Tej Bahadur Sapru and M.R. 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round
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Jaykar. Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5th March, 1931. Table Conference
Sarojani Naidu termed Irwin and Gandhiji as ‘Two Mahatmas’. 2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated in
According to this pact - connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement
3. Acceptance of Gandhiji's suggestion for enquiry into
(1) Under the leadership of Gandhiji congress decided to
police excesses
withdrew the movement, 4. Release of only those prisoners who were not charged
(2) All Prisoners of war who had no cases of the voilence to with violence
be released, Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(3) Right to peaceful protest at shops of foreign clothes and (a) 1 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 3 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
liquor shops,
I.A.S. (Pre) 2020
(4) Permission to make salt in the Coastal States without Salt Ans (b)
Tax,
According to Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji called off the Civil
(5) Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table
Disobedience Movement and agreed to take part in second
Conference. Round Table Conference in London. He also agreed to stop
People were disappointed by this Pact because this did not boycotting the British goods. In return Viceroy agreed to
include the cancellation of the hanging of Bhagat Singh, withdraw ordinances promulgated against Civil Disobedience
Movement and release only those prisoners who were not
Sukhdev and Rajguru. Biographer of Irwin, Alan Campbell charged with violence, Hence option (b) is correct.
Johnson termed the benefits to Gandhi in Gandhi Irwin Pact
3. Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in :
as consolation prizes and said this Pact was the only surrender (a) 1931 (b) 1935
of Irwin agreeing for the conversation. (c) 1942 (d) 1919
44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000
1. The main purpose of Gandhi-Irwin Pact was to- Ans. (a)
(a) To make the participation of Congress easier in round See the explanation of above question.
table conference
4. Gandhi-Irwin Pact took place in :
(b) To end the Civil Disobedience Movement. (a) 1930 (b) 1931
(c) To break the death strike of Gandhiji (c) 1932 (d) 1933
53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
(d) To end the tax on salt. Ans. (b)
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (a)
6. Who among the following leaders did NOT participate 11. Who among the following took Mahatma Gandhi’s
in the Second Round Table Conference? gain in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact as “Consolation Prizes”?
(a) M.K. Gandhi (a) S.C. Bose
(b) Sarojini Naidu (b) Alan Campbell Johnson
(c) Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya (c) B.G. Horniman
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(d) Sarojini Naidu
U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2020
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
Ans (d)
Ans. (b)
See the explanation of above question.
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5. When was the First Round Table Conference of Mahatma Gandhi participated as the only official
Indian leaders summoned in London by the British representative of Congress in 2 Round Table Conference
nd
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was only Indian representative who 63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017
attended all three Round Table Conference. Ans (c)
Rahmat Ali wrote the Pamphlet, "Now or Never; Are We to
21. Who amongst the following attended all the three
Round Table Conferences? Live or Perish Forever?" also known as the Pakistan decla-
(a) Vallabhbhai Patel (b) Madan Mohan Malviya ration in 1933. He wrote this addressing British and Indian
(c) B.R. Ambedkar (d) None of the above delegates during the Third Round Table Conference.
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
Ans. (c) 25. Consider the following statements:
1. In the First Round Table Conference, Dr.
See the explanation of above question.
Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the
22. The meeting of Indian and British political leaders depressed classes.
during 1930-32 in London has often been referred to as 2. In the Poona Pact, special provisions for
the First, Second and Third Round Table Conferences. representation of the depressed people in the local
It would be incorrect to refer to them as such because: bodies and civil services were made.
(a) The Indian National Congress did not take part in two
3. The Indian National Congress did not take part in
of them
the Third Round Table Conference.
(b) Indian parties other than the Indian National Congress
participating in the Conference represented sectional Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
interests and not the whole of India (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) The British Labour Party had withdrawn from the (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
Conference there making the proceeding of the I.A.S. (Pre) 2005
Conference partisan Ans. (d)
(d) It was an instance of a Conference held in three
sessions and not that of three separate, conference In the First Round Table Conference, Dr. Ambedkar
I.A.S. (Pre) 1996 demanded separate electorates for the depressed classes. The
Ans. (d) Indian National Congress participated only in the Second
Round Table Conference and boycotted Third and First
First, second and third Round Table Conference were not
three separate conferences, but ideally, it was three of a Round Table Conference. In Poona Pact, Congress agreed
single Conference which was organized thrice. It would be that adequate representation would be given to the depressed
wrong to call three sessions of a single Conference as three classes in the local bodies and civil services. So, all the three
separate Conference. The main objective of the Round Table statements given in the options are correct.
(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 1932 against Communal Award of Prime Minister Ramsay
(c) G. D. Birla Macdonald. Poona Pact was signed between the followers
(d) Swami Vivekanand of Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 Congress Socialist Party
Ans. (a)
Father of Nation Mahatma Gandhi established All India
(1934)
Anti-Untouchability League in 1932. He published a weekly *In May, 1934, the All India Congress Committee met at Patna
magazine ‘Harijan’ in 1933. Gandhi named Ghanshyamdas to set up a Parliamentary Board to fight elections under the
aegis of Congress itself. However, some of the members of All
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3. With reference to Congress Socialist Party, consider 6. Who was the Convenor of All India Congress Socialist
the following statements: Party at Patna in 1934?
1. It advocated the boycott of British goods and (a) Acharya Narendra Dev
evasion of taxes. (b) Achyuta Patvardhan
2. It wanted to establish the dictatorship of the (c) Jaya Prakash Narayan
proletariat. (d) Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia
3. It advocated separate electorate for minorities and U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008
oppressed classes. Ans. (c)
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The convenor all India Congress Socialist Party in 1934 at
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
Patna was Jai Prakash Narayan. Acharya Narendra Dev and
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None of the above
Ashok Mehta etc. were founder members. J.P. Narayan was
I.A.S. (Pre) 2015
appointed as General Secretary and Acharya Narendra Dev
Ans. (d)
served as the President of the Party. The Congress Socialist
The Congress Socialist Party was founded in 1934 as a Party promoted decentralized socialism.
socialist caucus within the INC. Its members rejected what
they saw as the anti-rational mysticism of Gandhi as well 7. Congress Socialist Party was organized in 1934 by:
as the sectarian attitude of the Communist Party of India (a) Jai Prakash Narayan and Jawaharlal Nehru
towards the Congress party. Influenced by Fabianism as (b) Jai Prakash Narayan and Acharya Narendra Dev
well as Marxism, the CSP advocated armed struggle as well (c) Jai Prakash Narayan and Subhash Chandra Bose
as non-violent resistance. The CSP advocated decentralized (d) Subhash Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru
socialism in which co-operation, trade unions, independent U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
Ans. (b)
farmers and local authorities would hold a substantial share
of economic power. As secularists, they hoped to transcend Jai Prakash Narayan, Yogendra Shukla, Minoo Masani and
communal divisions through class solidarity. Hence, option Acharya Narendra Dev, etc. formed Congress Socialist Party
(d) would be the correct answer. in the year 1934 within the Indian National Congress.
(c) M.N. Roy (d) Subhash Chandra Bose 14. Jay Prakash diwas was celebrated in:
th nd
48 to 52 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008 (a) January, 1946 (b) February, 1946
Ans. (a) (c) March, 1946 (d) April, 1946
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
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Formation of Cabinet (1937) Provincial assembly elections were held under the Indian
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Indian provincial elections were held in 1936-37 mandated The tenure of the Congress ministries formed in the elections
by Government of India Act 1935. The elections were held of 1937 after the Act of 1935 was 28 month. Congress
in eleven provinces, i.e., - Madras, Central province, Bihar, ministries resigned from Legislature on 22 October, 1939
nd
Orissa, United Province, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP, because Indians were included in the Second World War
Ans. (a)
Pirpur Report - 1938
See the explanation of above question. Shareef Report - March, 1939
15. In which working Committee did the Congress adopt Fazul Haq Report - December, 1939
the policy of abolishing land ownership?
(a) Working Committee, 1937 Tripuri Crisis of
(b) Working Committee, 1942
(c) Working Committee, 1945 Congress (1939)
(d) Working Committee, 1946
39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
*Subhash Chandra Bose became the Congress President
Ans. (a)
after being elected unopposed at Haripur (Gujarat) Session of
The Congress Working Committee adopted the policy of
Congress in the year 1938.
abolishing land ownership in 1937. Tenancy (Amendment)
*In the year 1939, Subhash Chandra Bose defeated Gandhiji’s
Act was passed by the Congress Government in United
Province and Bihar. Each Congress governed province candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya and became president for
attempted to improve irrigation facilities and to save farmers a second time at the Tripuri (M.P.) Session of Congress. But
from cruel policies of money lenders. he resigned due to his differences with Gandhiji on matters of
formation of the working committee of Congress. After that,
16. Who of the following was entrusted with finance
portfolio in the ministry formed in U.P. after the Dr. Rajendra prasad became congress President. After the
election of 1937? Tripuri crisis in the year 1939 Subhash Chandra Bose founded
(a) Govind Ballabh Pant (b) Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Forward Block resigning from Congress. This organization
(c) Kailash Nath Katju (d) Mohammad Ibrahim was based on leftist ideology. *When the clouds of second
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
world war were hovering above Europe, Subhash wanted to
Ans. (b)
take benefit of Britain and Germany wars and wanted freedom
Congress won 134 seats of the 228 seats in United Province
for India with a militarily blow to English Government in
Provincial Assembly election held in 1937. Congress made
Government independently in United Province. Chief India. He believed on an old saying of Ireland i.e. “Need of
Minister was Gobind Vallabh Pant and Kailash Nath Katju England is an opportunity for Ireland” that is why he tried
was Law and Justice Minister in the Government while the to persuade Congress and Gandhiji to take help of England’s
Finance Department was given to Rafi Ahmad Kidwai. enemy to free India.
Ans. (c)
session of the Indian National Congress?
In Haripura Session of Congress 1938, S.C. Bose was elected
(a) C.R. Das (b) J.B. Kriplani
President (unopposed) for the first time. He was reelected
(c) S.C. Bose (d) J.L. Nehru
as President in Tripuri Session, 1939 defeating Pattabhi
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 Sitaramayya supported by Gandhi but on the question of
Ans. (c) the formation of Working Committee, the dispute between
See the explanation of above question. Gandhi and Bose came on the surface. After that, Bose
resigned, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad became President of
3. ‘Haripura’ where annual session of Indian National Congress.
Congress was held under the Presidentship of Subhash
7. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose became the President
Chandra Bose in 1938 is situated in the State of: of India National Congress by defeating which leader?
(a) Gujarat (b) Madhya Pradesh (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Maharashtra (d) Rajasthan (b) J.L. Nehru
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000 (c) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Ans. (a) (d) C. Rajagopalachari
(e) P. Sitaramaiya
See the explanation of above question. Chhattisgarh P.C.S (Pre) 2013
4. Subhash Chandra Bose was chosen President of Ans. (e)
Congress in Tripuri Session of Indian National See the explanation of above question.
Congress in the year 1939. Where is Tripuri?
8. Subhash Chandra Bose defeated Pattabhi Sitaramaiya
(a) Calcutta (b) Pune and became President of Indian National Congress at:
(c) Jabalpur (d) Ahmadabad (a) Haripura Session, 1938
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2000 (b) Tripuri Session, 1939
Ans. (c) (c) Lahore Session, 1929
(d) Madras Session, 1927
Tripuri is situated in Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) where U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010
Congress Session of 1939 was held. In Tripuri Session, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
Subhash Chandra Bose was elected President by defeating Ans. (b)
Pattabhi Sitaramayya with 1580 votes over 1377 votes. See the explanation of above question.
centred round to the question of- By 15th August, 1947, except Junagarh, J&K and Hyderabad
(a) Formation of Congress Working Committee all princely states joined the Indian Union and the remaining
three too joined by the end of 1948. *British Government gave
(b) Policy towards princely States
the status of Independence to all provinces which complicated
(c) Attitude towards Central Government
the scenario of a merger of states to form one Union. This
(d) Double membership of Congress Socialist Party
problem was handled wisely by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel and
members
unity of India was attained. *On 26th October, 1947, Kashmiri
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2008
King, Hari Singh signed the ‘instrument of accession’. Sheikh
Ans. (a)
Abdullah was appointed Prime Minister. *Stand still agreement
The whole dispute between Subhash Chandra Bose and right- was signed between Lord Mountbatten (Governor-General of
wing after Tripuri Session of Congress centred round to the India) and Mir Laik Ali (Chief Minister of Hyderabad) on 29th
question of the formation of Congress Working Committee. November, 1947.
Gandhi was against the point of view about modernization 1. The purpose of the Butler Committee, 1927:
and working conduct of Subhash Chandra Bose. (a) Modernization of Indian Army
(b) Innovative modernization of Indian Agriculture.
11. Which Indian nationalist leader looked upon a
(c) Implementation of Sensor over National Newspapers.
war between Germany and Britain as a godsent (d) Improvement of relationships between Indian
opportunity which would enable Indians to exploit the Provinces and the Crown.
situation to their advantage? 46 B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004
th
India’s Independence after war. *Congress passed a proposal fought to protect the democratic liberty, while itself being
and condemned the attack of Nazi on Poland also lashed the deprived of liberty. Therefore, both the statement and the
ideology of Nazism and Fascism. It stated that India could not be reason are incorrect.
a part of any war that is fought for the protection of democracy
3. Assertion (A) :The Congress Ministries in all the
because India itself is struggling to achieve Independence from
provinces resigned in the year 1939.
the British colonial rule. *Lord Linlithgow on 17th October,
Reason (R) : The Congress did not accept the decision
1939 announced that India will be standing against Germany
in the war. Without the authorization of Indian Provincial of the Viceroy to declare war against
Cabinets, India’s inclusion in the war led to the resignation of all Germany in the context of the Second
Congress provincial cabinets. *Second World War started with World War.
Germany attacking Poland on 1st September, 1939 and ended Code:
after six years with USA Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki (a) (A) and (R) are individually true, and (R) is the correct
with Atom Bombs in August 1945. *Winston Churchill was explanation of (A).
the British Prime Minister during World War II (1939-1945). (b) (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the
His tenure was from the year 1940 to 1945. correct explanation of (A).
1. What was the policy of Indian National Congress (c) Both (A) and (R) are false.
during II World War?
nd (d) (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(a) Cooperation of Britain in the case of assurance of I.A.S. (Pre) 2008
Complete Independence. Ans. (a)
(b) Active collaboration of British (Britain)
On October 17, 1939 Lord Linlithgow declared India in the
(c) Neutrality
war against Germany. Congress cabinets had resigned from
(d) None of the above.
all the provinces for declaring war without the consent of the
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993
Ans. (a) Indian Legislature. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
When World War II broke out in 1939, Britain made India 4. The Congress Ministries in all the provinces resigned
belligerent without consulting Indian elected councils and in the year 1939, because :
also declared the Emergency. That action angered Indian (a) Congress was unable to make a cabinet in other four
officials and prompted the Congress Party to declare that provinces.
India would not support the War until it had been granted (b) The rise of the left wing of Congress made impossible
Complete Independence. to work for the cabinet.
*The idea of a separate homeland for Muslims was firstly The poet and political Philosopher Mohammad Iqbal is
proposed by Iqbal in Allahabad Session (1930) of Muslim considered as the originator of the idea of the separate Muslim
League in his presidential address. Whereas the word ‘Pakistan’ nation. Inspired by the spirit of Pan-Islam in All India
was firstly used by a student named Chaudhary Rehmat Ali in Muslim League at Allahabad Session in 1930 Muhammad
1933 in his pamphlet “Now or Never, are we to live or perish Iqbal said “ I would like to see Punjab, the North-West
forever?”. *This name was prepared from the first letters of the Frontier Province, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into
names of five British India’s North Province. These provinces a single state. Self-Government within the British Empire,
were - Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Kashmir, Sindh or without the British Empire, formation of a consolidated
and Baluchistan. From 22 to 24 March, 1940, the Muslim
North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final
League held its session in Lahore which was chaired by Md.
destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.
Ali Jinnah. In this session a separate Muslim nation out of India
was demanded. In this session, Jinnah said that he would not 3. Who among the following first put forward the
accept anything less than a separate Muslim Country. *Sarojini proposal for a separate Muslim state in India?
Naidu termed Jinnah as an Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity. (a) Agha Khan (b) M.A. Jinnah
In 1919 when Jinnah was giving testimony in front of 9. A separate homeland for Muslims found for the first
Parliament Select Committee, then he was asked: “Are you time a definite expression :
saying this as a virtue of the Indian Nationalist”? In reply, (a) In the Presidential Speech of Iqbal at the Allahabad
he firmly said, “yes, I am saying this as a virtue of Indian Session of Muslim League (1930).
Nationalist.” After that, Major Oksbergi asked, “means you (b) In the Cambridge Pamphlet.
On March 23, 1940, the Muslim League passed the famous 14. Muslim League had put their proposal of the division
resolution of ‘Pakistan’ at Lahore Session. The Resolution of India in the session of :
declared: “No constitutional plan would be workable or (a) Lahore (b) Karachi
acceptable to the Muslims unless contiguous geographical (c) Allahabad (d) Dhaka
units are demarcated into regions which should be so Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
constituted with such territorial readjustments as may Ans. (a)
be necessary. That the areas in which the Muslims are
See the explanation of above question.
numerically in the majority as in the North-Western and
Eastern zones of India should be grouped to constitute 15. When did the Muslim League celebrate the
Independent States in which the constituent units shall be ‘Pakistan Day’?
autonomous and sovereign”. (a) 25 April, 1920
th
(b) 5 February, 1922
th
11. The Pakistan Resolution was adopted by the Muslim (c) 14 July, 1942
th
(d) 23 March, 1943
rd
against the policies of the British Government towards India. (d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
*Individual Satyagraha started on 17th October, 1940. *Vinoba I.A.S. (Pre) 2009
Bhave was the first Satyagrahi followed by Pt. Jawaharlal Ans. (b)
Nehru. *“ Sarvodaya” word was firstly used by Mahatma See the explanation of above question.
Gandhi. *Vinoba Bhave established “Sarvodaya Samaj” to
propagate the ideals of Gandhiji. 5. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
from the codes given below :
1. Who was selected as first Satyagrahi in Individual List-I List-II
Satyagraha Movement by Mahatma Gandhi: (Participants in (Places)
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru (b) Sardar Patel the individual
(c) Sarojini Naidu (d) Vinoba Bhave Satyagarah)
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 A. Acharya Vinoba 1. Pawnar
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002 Bhave
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995 B. Yatiyatanlal Jain 2. Durg
Ans. (d) C. Ramgopal Tiwari 3. Raipur
D. Ratnakar Jha 4. Bilaspur
After completely rejecting August Proposal, Congress
Code :
initiated Individual Satyagraha in the leadership of Gandhiji.
A B C D
The Satyagraha was a symbolic statement of moral protest
(a) 1 3 4 2
against the British Government’s policy for India. On October
(b) 1 2 3 4
17, 1940 Mahatma Gandhi selected Acharya Vinoba Bhave (c) 1 4 3 2
as the first Satyagrahi (the proponent of Satyagraha) and (d) 1 3 2 4
Jawaharlal Nehru as the second. (e) 1 4 2 3
2. Who started the Individual Civil Disobedience? Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
(a) Vinoba Bhave (b) Jawaharlal Nehru Ans. (a)
(c) Sardar Patel (d) Shaukat Ali The correctly matched list is as follows –
44 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000
th
Acharya Vinoba Bhave - Pawnar
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2007 Yatiyatanlal Jain - Raipur
Ans. (a) Ramgopal Tiwari - Bilaspur
See the explanation of above question. Ratnakar Jha - Durg
didn’t participate in Quit India Movement. It didn’t participate (a) Bombay (b) Wardha
(c) Lucknow (d) Tripura
in any movement between 1940 and 1947 till foreign rule ended.
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010
*Aruna Asaf Ali was a famous freedom fighter. She will always
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
be remembered for hoisting the National Flag at Gwaliya tank
Ans. (b)
ground (Bombay) during Quit India Movement. *Aruna Asaf
Ali, Usha Mehta, J.P. Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, etc being The meeting of Congress Working Committee was held
underground provided alternate leadership to the Quit India at Wardha on 14 July, 1942 and passed the Quit India
th
can we be defeated by this old man who is our enemy for a Ans. (a)
long time.” The historic session of the All India Congress Committee
1. On 6th July, 1942, at the Working Committee of the began on the 7th August, 1942 and was concluded 8 August,
th
Congress, Mahatma Gandhi discussed for the first time 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Mumbai. Quit India movement
his ‘Quit India Policy’. The President of the Committee began on 9th August, 1942. The Committee asserted India’s
was : right to freedom and decided to start a mass struggle with
(a) Rajagopalachari non-violent means on the widest possible scale. Addressing
(b) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad the conference, Gandhiji gave the call “Do or Die,” either
(c) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to get India free or to die in this attempt. But before the
(d) Dr. Annie Besant Movement could be launched Gandhiji and all other leaders
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999 of the Congress were imprisoned under Operation Zero
Ans. (b)
Hour. Gandhiji and Sarojini Naidu were kept in Agha Khan
In July, 1942, the meeting of Congress Working Committee Palace at Poona (now Pune). The Movement of 1942 mostly
held at Wardha in which Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Sarojini affected the State of Mumbai, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Uttar
Naidu, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabh Bhai Patel, Dr. Rajendra Pradesh and Madras. Though the whole country participated
Prasad, Sitaramaiyya, G.V. Pant, Praful Chandra Ghosh, in this Movement.
See the explanation of above question. 2- Soldiers should refuse to fire on their countrymen.
3- Students should leave their study only if they stay firm
7. Quit India Movement was primarily launched at- on their decision until freedom is achieved.
(a) Sabarmati (b) Calcutta
4- The Princess of the Princely States should accept the
(c) Bombay (d) Madras
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 Sovereignty of their people and people living in their
Ans. (c) States should declare them as a part of the Indian Nation
and accept the leadership of the king only when they take
See the explanation of above question.
their future linked with the public.
8. Where did the Congress launch the Quit India Thus, only 3 statement is correct.
rd
See the explanation of above question. 18. Quit India Movement was launched in response to :
(a) Cabinet Mission Plan
14. The slogan ‘Do or Die’ was related with – (b) Cripps Proposals
(a) Dandi (b) Non-cooperation (c) Simon Commission Report
(c) Khilafat (d) Quit India (d) Wavell Plan
53 to 55 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
rd th
I.A.S. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (d) Ans. (b)
See the explanation of above question. The failure of Cripss Mission (1942) led to Quit India
Movement.
15. With which one of the following movements is the
slogan ‘Do or Die’ associated? 19. Which one of the following observation is not true
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22. Which of the following parties did not support ‘Quit (d) Sarojini Naidu
India Movement ?’ Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
(a) The Hindu Mahasabha Ans. (b)
(b) The Communist Party of India Mahatma Gandhi drafted a resolution in April of 1942 with
(c) The Unionist Party of Punjab the help of Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(d) All of the above
calling upon the British to Quit India.
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre)2004
Ans. (d) 27. Who was the President of the Indian National Congress
when it passed the ‘Quit India’ resolution?
The Hindu Mahasabha, Communist Party of India, Unionist (a) Mahatma Gandhi
Party of Punjab and Muslim League did not support ‘Quit (b) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
India Movement.’ (c) Sardar Patel
(d) Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
23. Which one of the following had supported the Quit U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
India Resolution’ of 1942? Ans. (b)
(a) A.K. Azad
(b) Rajendra Prasad Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the President of Indian
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Congress when ‘Quit India Resolution’ was passed.
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru He became the President of Congress in the session of
U.P. Lower Sub.(Pre) 2009 Ramgarh in 1940 and no session of Congress held during
Ans. (c) 1941-1945.
On August 8, 1942 in the meeting of AICC, Pandit Jawaharlal 28. Who of the following was the President of Indian
Nehru presented Quit India Resolution and Sardar Patel National Congress for consecutive six years?
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
supported it.
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
24. By whom the ‘Quit India’ resolution was moved in the (c) Abul Kalam Azad
Bombay Session of the Congress in the year 1942? (d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Narendra Deo U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
(c) Rajendra Prasad (d) J.B. Kripalani U.P. Lower Sub (Pre) 2008
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 Ans. (c)
Ans. (a) Abul Kalam Azad was the President of Indian National
See the explanation of above question. Congress for six consecutive years.
After the failure of Cripps Mission in March, 1942, it 33. All India Azad Dasta at Bakri Ka Tapu was organised
seemed clear that the British Government wanted to continue during the Quit India Movement by:
the partnership with India in Second World War without (a) Ram Manohar Lohia
their consent but was not ready for any sacred agreement. (b) Usha Mehta
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Gandhiji declared in his ‘Do or Die’ speech ‘ that “I do not (c) Chittu Pandey
want to make the instrument either of Russia’s defeat or of (d) Jayprakash Narayan
China’s.” But it seemed by spring 1942 that the struggle was (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
inevitable. Thus, Congress passed Quit India Resolution in
66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020
1942. Gandhiji had never provoked to adopted violent means
Ans (d)
in his articles. Thus, statement 3 is not correct while the other
statements are correct about ‘Quit India Movement.’ All India Azad Dasta, was formed by Jayprakash Narayan in
the Terai region of Nepal in Bakri Ka Tapu to fight a Guerrilla
30. Who among the following ran ‘Congress Radio’ during
the ‘Quit-India’ movement: war against British.
(a) Aruna Asaf Ali (b) Jai Prakash Narayan 34. The Prime Minister of England during Quit India
(c) Usha Mehta (d) None of the above Movement was
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997 (a) Chamberlain (b) Churchill
Ans. (c)
(c) Clement Attlee (d) Macdonald
During Quit India Movement, Congress Radio was secretly 46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
being broadcasted from different parts of India which could Ans. (b)
be heard upto Madras. Ram Manohar Lohia was regularly Winston Spencer Churchill (1942-1945) was the Prime
broadcasted on the radio. Usha Mehta was a valued member Minister of England during the Quit India Movement.
of the small group of Congress who managed underground
congress radio. 35. The American publicist who was with Mahatma
Gandhi during his ‘Quit India’ movement was:
31. With reference to the Indian freedom struggle, Usha
Mehta is well known for – (a) Louis Fischer (b) William L.Shiver
(a) Running the Secret Congress Radio in the wake of (c) Web Miller (d) Negley Farson
Quit India Movement U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002
(b) Participating in the Second Round Table Conference U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001
(c) Leading a contingent of Indian National Army Ans. (a)
(d) Assisting in the formation of Interim Government
under Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru The American journalist Louis Fischer was with Gandhiji
I.A.S. (Pre) 2011 at the time of Quit India Movement. Louis Fischer with
Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010 American intellectuals Pearl Buck, Adgersnow, M.L. Surmen
Ans. (a) and Norman Thomas demanded India’s freedom.
(a) Civil Disobedience (b) Individual Satyagraha most serious rebellion since Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. Thus,
(c) Non-co-operation (d) Quit India Movement both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Ans. (d)
41. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was arrested on 9th August, 1942
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(c) Webb Miller (d) None of the above 43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
U.P.P.C.S. (Main) 2013 Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
On August 9, 1942 Gandhi and other main leaders of
See the explanation of above question. Congress were arrested. Gandhi and Sarojini Naidu were
kept in Aga Khan Palace at Pune and the other members
39. Which area was affected widest with the communal
riots due to ‘Quit India’ Movement? of Congress Working Committee (Nehru, Abul Kalam
(i) Bihar (ii) Bengal Azad, Govind Vallabh Pant, Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramaiyya,
(iii) Gujrat (iv) United Province
Select your answer of the following code – Dr. Saiyyad Mahmood, Acharya Kriplani) were kept in
(a) i and ii (b) only i the fort of Ahmednagar. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, a member of
(c) ii and iii (d) i and iv Congress Working Committee, was not in Bombay thus he
41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996 was arrested in Patna under Bharat Security Rules and sent
Ans. (d) to Patna (Bankipur) jail.
In above context, which of the following is right? Reason (R) : Jinnah had worked as staunch ally of
(a) (A) and (R) are individually true, and (R) is the correct the British Government and asked the
explanation of (A). Muslims to stay away from Congress’s
(b) (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the Movement of 1942.
correct explanation of (A). Code :
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (a) (A) and (R) are individually true, and (R) is the correct
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. explanation of (A).
Uttarakhand U.D.A/L.D.A. (Pre) 2003 (b) (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the
Ans. (a) correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
On August 8, 1942 Gandhi gave the call for Quit India
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan). Soon after the arrest
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003
of Gandhi, rioting broke out immediately throughout the
Ans. (a)
country and many violent demonstrations took place. Quit
India became the most powerful Movement in the freedom Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are individually true
struggle. Thousands of freedom fighters were arrested. He and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Muslim League
called on all Congressmen and Indians to maintain discipline had condemned the Movement in the leadership of Jinnah.
via non-violence and Do or Die (Karo Ya Maro) to achieve Jinnah said that if the British leave India, the lawlessness will
ultimate freedom. Thus, Quit India Movement succeeded in capture India. As a result, Muslims came closer to the British.
awakening and couraging People assimilated the slogan of 54. During the freedom struggle, Aruna Asaf Ali was a
‘Do or Die.’ major woman organizer of underground activities in:
(a) Civil Disobedience Movement
52. Two statements are given below; the one is Assertion
(b) Non-Co-operation Movement
(A) and other is the Reason (R), read them carefully- (c) Quit India Movement
Assertion (A) : Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) (d) Swadeshi Movement
was separate from Quit India Movement, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009
1942. Ans. (c)
Reason (R) : It thought that the freedom of India will Aruna Asaf Ali was a famous Indian freedom fighter and
be delayed due to this Movement.
organizer of underground activities in Quit India Movement.
Which of them correct from the given statements-
She would always be remembered for hoisting the flag of
(a) (A) and (R) are individually true, and (R) is the correct
Congress in Gwaliya Tank Ground, Bombay in 1942.
explanation of (A).
C. Rajagopalachari’s formula was a proposal formulated by Singh who was an Indian officer in the British Army. When
Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari to solve the political deadlock the British Army was retreating in the war with Japan, Mohan
Singh joined hand with Japanese. After this Japanese gave
between INC and All India Muslim League on Independence
Indian soldiers to Mohan Singh and he started recruiting them
of India from the British. Rajagopalachari devised a
in Azad Hind Fauz. *In December 1941, in Malay Forests, the
proposalin 1944 called ‘The way out’ for Congress to offer
1/14th Punjab Regiment led by Mohan Singh was defeated
the league the Muslim Pakistan based on plebiscite (the direct
by the Japanese army. Lt. Colonel L.V. Fitz Patrik (English
vote of all the members of an electorate on an important
public question such as a change in the Constitution). The Origin) was the prisoner of war but Bangkok resident Giani
formula was opposed even by Congress. Jinnah also rejected Pritam Singh took their responsibility and became successful
the proposal and the talks failed. in establishing friendship between the Japanese and Mohan
Singh with other Indian soldiers. *Japanese Major Iwaichi
63. Who prepared "C.R. Formula" to remove the political
Fujimura and Giani Pritam Singh encouraged Capt. Mohan
deadlock between Muslim League and Indian National
Singh to lead Indian National Army. In Feb/Mar 1941, Capt.
Congress?
Mohan Singh agreed and under his leadership founded Indian
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Rajgopalachari
National Army in which the defeated Indian soldiers of the
(c) Chittaranjan Das (d) V. P. Menon
British Army who went on Malay expedition were recruited.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
It should be made clear here that the idea of INA was given
Ans. (b)
by Giani Pritam Singh and Iwaichi Fujimura. *Mohan Singh
See the explanation of above question. did the brave task of providing leadership to it. * First division
of Azad Hind Fauz was constituted officially on September,
Subhash Chandra Bose and 1942 and Captain Mohan Singh became its first Commander.
On 4th July, 1943, Ras Bihari Bose gave the command of
Azad Hind Fauj I.N.A. to Subhash Chandra Bose. *On 21st October 1943,
*Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January, 1897 Subhash Chandra Bose established a temporary Indian
at Cuttack, Orissa. He graduated from Calcutta University in Government (Azad Hind Government) at Singapore. Azad
1919 and passed the Indian Civil Services exam in 1920. He Hind Fauz was constituted on 4th July, 1943, in the leadership
became president of Congress in the session of 1938 and 1939. of Netaji. Fauz was founded on the Singapore island which was
of “Jai Hind” was given by him. It was the tradition of Salute 3. Subhash Chandra Bose had founded ‘Forward Bloc’
in Azad Hind Fauz, today it is the slogan of the whole nation. in the year :
*Azad Hind Fauz day was celebrated on 12th November, 1945 (a) 1936 A.D. (b) 1937 A.D.
(c) 1938 A.D. (d) 1939 A.D.
and they celebrated from 5th November to 11th November,
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008
1945 Azad Hind Fauz week. Soldiers and officers of Azad Ans. (d)
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Hind Fauz were arrested and law suits on them were filed by
See the explanation of above question.
the British Government in November 1945 at Delhi Red Fort.
4. Who formed the Forward Bloc?
As a result of which three convicts Prem Sehgal, Guru Baksh
(a) Subhas Chandra Bose (b) Rajendra Prasad
Singh and Shah Nawaz were sentenced to death and Rasid Ali (c) Bhagat Singh (d) B.R. Ambedkar
was awarded 7 years of imprisonment. *Congress constituted 48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
an Azad Hind Rescue Committee to rescue them in which 44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000
Ans. (a)
prominent advocates were - Bhulabhai Desai (leader of the
Committee), Tej Bahadur Sapru, Kailash Nath Katju, Aruna See the explanation of above question.
Asaf Ali and Jawahar Lal Nehru. There were countrywide 5. S. C. Bose had founded ‘Forward Bloc’ in the year
protests against the sentence of the court, which compelled (a) 1936 (b) 1937
then Viceroy Lord Wavell to pardon the death sentences using (c) 1938 (d) 1939
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016
his special powers. *Jawahar Lal Nehru succeeded in passing
Ans. (d)
a resolution of Guerrilla warfare against the Japanese in the
Congress Working Committee at Allahabad. He was opposed See the explanation of above question.
to Nazism, Fascism and Imperial Ideologies. 6. Who joined Subhas Chandra Bose to found All India
Forward Bloc and actively associated with the INA
1. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was born in the city of : movement?
(a) Cuttack (b) Calcutta (a) Jai Prakash Narayan
(c) Midnapore (d) Murshidabad (b) Baikunth Shukla
(c) Sheel Bhadra Yajee
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
(d) Ram Narain Prasad
Ans. (a)
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23 January, 1897 60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
in Cuttack of Odisha. He graduated from Calcutta University Ans. (c)
in 1919 and was selected in I.C.S. (Indian Civil Services) Sheel Bhadra Yajee was a freedom fighter from Bihar who
in 1920. He became the President of Congress in 1938 and was associated with Mahatma Gandhi and Subhash Chandra
1939. He founded Forward Bloc in 1939 and fled away to Bose. Yajee joined Subhash Chandra Bose to found All
Germany in 1942. In 1943, he led Azad Hind Fauj. He is India forward Bloc and actively associated with the INA
better known as Netaji. movement.
The Indian National Army (INA) was the brainchild of Since Gyani Pritam Singh and Major Iwaichi Fujiwara have
Giani Pritam Singh Dhillon along with Major Fujimura and not been mentioned in options, the right answer is Captain
Captain Mohan Singh in February/March, 1942. Giani Pritam Mohan Singh.
Singh became actively involved in the Indian Independence 10. In which year was the Indian National Army founded?
Movement and Gadar Party. He was instrumental in (a) 1940 (b) 1941
the failed 1915 mutiny that he stirred among a Bengal (c) 1942 (d) 1943
Lancers regiment. The authorities started hunting him. He U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003
fled via Burma to Bangkok, in 1919, where some Indian 43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999
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revolutionaries from other parts of India were living. Once Ans. (c)
in Bangkok, he mingled with the local Sikh community and
The First Indian National Army (or the First INA) was the
through his missionary work began spreading the message Indian National Army as it existed between February and
of the Gadar party. Then he met with Iwaichi Fujiwara, head December, 1942. It was formed with the aid of Japanese and
of the Japanese field intelligence section in the region, who after the fall of Singapore consisted of approximately 12,000
had even before the declaration of war by Japan, reached an of the 40,000 Indian prisoners of war who were captured
agreement of collaboration with the Japanese at Bangkok during the Malayan Campaign or surrendered at Singapore.
It was led by Mohan Singh. It was formally proclaimed in
on 4 December, 1941. It was Giani Pritam Singh’s idea
April, 1942 and declared the subordinate military wing of
working with Iwaichi Fujiwara who released Indian soldiers the Indian Independence League in June, 1942. The unit was
who were asked to join an Indian National Army to fight for dissolved in December, 1942 after apprehensions of Japanese
Indian independence. These plans were started long before motives with regards to the INA led to disagreements and
the war broke out, among a group of revolutionaries based distrust between Mohan Singh and INA leadership on the
in Bangkok. Thus, Capt. Mohan Singh was not the founder one hand and the League’s leadership, most notably Ras
Behari Bose on the other. A large number of the INA’s
of INA, but was only the first operational Commander of
initial volunteers however, later went on to join the INA in
the INA. He accepted the position on Giani Ji and Iwaichi its second incarnation under Subhash Chandra Bose. Bose
Fujiwara insistence. The brains behind INA were Iwaichi arrived in Singapore on 2 July and in October, 1943 formally
Fujiwara and Giani Pritam Singh Dhillon. announced the establishment of the Provisional Government
of Free India and took charges of INA.
8. I.N.A. was brainchild of :
1. Gyani Pritam Singh 11. The first commander of “Azad Hind Fauj” was –
2. Mohan Singh (a) Mohan Singh
(b) Pritam Singh
3. Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
4. Major Iwaichi Fujiwara
(d) Shahnawaz Khan
Select correct answer by using codes given below:
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
Ans. (a)
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001 The official formation of the first division of INA took
Ans. (d) place on 1st September, 1942 and Mohan Singh was the first
Commander of Indian National Army.
29. Who among the following advocates had appeared for 34. Who among the following had not advocated in INA
the INA trials at Delhi in 1945-46? Red Fort Trial in 1945?
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (b) Bhulabhai Desai (a) Bhaulabhai Desai
(c) K.M. Munshi (d) Sardar Patel (b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above (c) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020 (d) Dr. Kailash Nath Katju
Ans (b) U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre)2004
Ans. (c)
See the explanation of above question.
Bhaulabhai Desai, Tej Bahadur Sapru, K.N. Katju, J.L. Nehru
30. The trial of the Officers of the I.N.A. was held in – and Asaf Ali, etc. were associated with INA Red Fort trials
(a) Red Fort. Delhi (b) Gwalior Fort
in 1945, while Vallabh Bhai Patel was not included in the
(c) Amer Fort, Jaipur (d) Agra Fort
INA ‘Red Fort trial in 1945.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
Ans. (a) 35. At the Congress Working Committee meeting at
See the explanation of above question. Allahabad (April-May, 1947), who of the following
members was able to secure a majority for his plan
31. The famous I.N.A. trials took place in the Red Fort,
of a Guerilla War against the Japanese due to India’s
Delhi in –
unequivocal stand against Nazism, Fascism and
(a) 1945 (b) 1946
imperialism?
(c) 1944 (d) 1947
U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 (a) Subhash Chandra Bose (b) Sarojini Naidu
Ans. (a) (c) Maulana Azad (d) Jawaharlal Nehru
46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2004
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (d)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994 explanation of (A).
Ans. (d) (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
The Cabinet Mission sent to India consisted of the Secretary U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
of State Pethick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Crips, the President Ans. (b)
of the Board of Trade, and A.V. Alexander.
The Cabinet Mission of 1946 came to India to discuss the
8. Who among the following was not a member of the transfer of power from the British government to the Indian
Cabinet Mission? Leadership, with the aim of preserving India's unity and
(a) Pethick Lawrence (b) John Simon granting it independence formulated at the initiative of
Clement Attlee, the Prime Minister of United Kingdom, the
(c) Stafford Cripps (d) A.V. Alexander
mission had Lord Pethick-Lawrence, the secretary of state for
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016
India, Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade and
Ans. (b) A.V. Alexander, the first Lord of the Admiralty. Lord Wavell,
The Cabinet Mission sent to India consisted of the Secretary the Viceroy of India, did not participate in every step but was
of State Pethick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Crips, the President of present. The mission arrived on March 24, 1946.
the Board of Trade and A.V. Alexander. John Simon was not a According to the Mission, the representation of the Provincial
member of Cabinet Mission. Simon Commission was established Legislatures was to be broken up into 3 sections
to give a report on the Government of India Act, 1919. (a) Section A : Madras, United Provinces Central Province,
9. Which of the following was not a member of Cabinet Bombay, Bihar & Orissa.
(b) Section B : Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, Baluchistan
Mission?
(c) Section C : Assam and Bengal.
(a) William Wood (b) Pethick-Lawrence
The Congress accepted the proposals related to the constitu-
(c) Sir Stafford Cripps (d) A. V. Alexander ent assembly. But since, the Muslim league had been given
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 disproportionate representation; it rejected the idea of the
Ans. (a) interim government.
See the explanation of above question. The Muslim League first approved the Plan. But when
congress, declared that it could change the scheme through
10. Who was not the member of the Cabinet Mission? majority in the Constituent Assembly they rejected the plan.
(a) Pethick-Lawrence Muslim League on repeated request by Lord Wavell joined
(b) Wavell the Interim Government on 13 October, 1946.
(4) Constituent Assembly would be formed with the Group B: Punjab, North-West Frontier province Sindh and
representatives of State Legislature and the Princely Baluchistan.
States. Group C : Bengal and Assam.
13. Which one of the following is not correct about the The Constituent Assembly was to be elected to frame a
Cabinet Mission Plan? Constitution for the Indian Union.
(a) Provincial Grouping The province should have the right to leave the Union in
(b) Interim Cabinet of Indians future if it so liked after elections under its new Constitution.
(c) Acceptance of Pakistan
There should be an interim National Government with leaders
(d) Constitution Framing Right
I.A.S. (Pre) 1996 of the Indian parties to take charge of the administration.
Ans. (c) 16. Which one of the following leaders of the Congress was
See the explanation of above question. totally in favour of Cabinet Mission Plan?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
14. Which one of the following suggested the reconstitution (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
of the Viceroy’s Executive Council in which all the (c) Sardar Patel
portfolios including that of War Members were to be (d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
held by the Indian leaders? U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001
(a) Simon Commission, 1927 I.A.S. (Pre) 1999
(b) Shimla Conference, 1945
Ans. (a)
(c) Cripps Mission, 1940
(d) Cabinet Mission, 1946 The opinions of the topmost Congress leaders of the time
I.A.S. (Pre) 2008 bear ample testimony to the fact that the Cabinet Plan was
Ans. (d) not devoid of reality. Mahatma Gandhi was totally in favour
of the the Cabinet Mission Plan. According to Gandhiji,
The Cabinet Mission, 1946 suggested the reconstitution of “It is the best document the British Government could have
the Viceroy’s Executive Council in which all the portfolios produced in the circumstances.”
including that of War Members were to be held by the Indian
leaders. 17. Which Congress President negotiated with both Cripps
Mission and Lord Wavell?
15. With reference to the Cabinet Mission, which of the
(a) Abul Kalam Azad (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
following statements is/are correct?
1. It recommended a federal Government. (c) J.B. Kriplani (d) C. Rajagopalachari
2. It enlarged the powers of the Indian courts. 47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
3. It provided for more Indians in the ICS. Ans. (a)
5. The first session of the Constituent Assembly was held (d) The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 January,
th
on : 1950.
(a) 16th August, 1947 (b) 26th January, 1948 I.A.S. (Pre) 2004
th
(c) 9 December, 1946 (d) 26th November, 1946 Ans. (a)
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
Under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, elections were held
Ans. (c)
for the first time for Constituent Assembly. The Constitution
The first session of the Constituent Assembly was held of India was drafted by the Constituent Assembly and it was
in December, 1946. After two days, Rajendra Prasad was
set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan on 16 May, 1946. The
elected as the President of the Constituent Assembly on 11
December, 1946. members of the Constituent Assembly were elected by the
Provincial Assemblies by the method of single transferable
6. Who among the following was the President of the
vote system of proportional representations. The total
Indian Constituent Assembly?
membership of the Constituent Assembly was 389, out of
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (b) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Sardar Patel (d) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar which 292 were the representatives of the states, 93 were
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014 representatives of princely states and 4 were from the Chief
Ans. (a) Commissioners provinces of Delhi, Ajmer-Mewar, Coorg and
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the President of the Indian British Baluchistan. The elections for the 296 seats assigned
Constituent Assembly. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was President to the British Indian provinces were completed by July-
of the Drafting Committee. Jawaharlal Nehru was President August, 1946. Congress won 208 seats and Muslim League
of Union Power Committee, Union Constitution Committee won 73 seats and other independent candidates won 15 seats.
and States Committee.Vallabhbhai Patel was President of M .A. Jinnah was not a member of the Constituent Assembly
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities, of India. The Constituent Assembly was the first Parliament
Tribal and excluded areas.
of Independent India. Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the
7. The first President of the Sovereign Constituent first President (Temporary Chairman of the Assembly) of the
Assembly for the Dominion of India was – Constituent Assembly when it met on December 9, 1946. Dr.
(a) C. Rajagopalachari Rajendra Prasad then became the President of the Constituent
(b) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Assembly, and later became the first President of India. The
(c) Rajendra Prasad Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November, 1949.
th
formed in which Muslim league didn’t participate in the 1946 and officiated on 2 September 1946 in which Muslim
nd
(d) B. R. Ambedkar
Food and Agriculture Portfolio was held by Dr. Rajendra
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004
Prasad in the Interim Government formed in the year 1946.
Ans. (d)
In this Government, the portfolio of defence ministry
The Interim Government of India was formed on 2 September,
nd
5. In the interim Government (1946) who held the 1946. After inclusion of League in the Interim Government,
Railways Portfolio? Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad,
(a) Baldev Singh (b) T. T. Chundrigar Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, C. Rajagopalachari, Baldev
(c) Asaf Ali (d) Abdul Rab Nishtar
Singh, Liaqat Ali Khan, Ghazanfar Ali Khan, Jagjivan Ram,
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008
Abdur Rab Nishtar, Asaf Ali and C.H. Bhabha were included.
Ans. (c)
Some members like Sarat Chandra Bose, Sir Shafat Ahmad
In the Interim Cabinet of 1946, Railways and Transport Khan and Syed Ali Zaheer appointed earlier resigned to
Portfolio was headed by Aruna Asaf Ali. make room for the Muslim League nominees Who joined
6. When the Indian Muslim League was inducted into constituent Assembly on 26 October, 1946. B.R. Ambedkar
the Interim Government in 1946, Liyaqat Ali Khan was not included in Interim Cabinet.
was assigned the Portfolio of –
9. Who among the following was not minister in interim
(a) Foreign Affairs (b) Home
(c) Finance (d) Defence Government formed on 2 September, 1946?
nd
Nationalism surrendered to Communalism. He was President 2. Who was the Prime Minister of England when India
of the Congress Committee of Punjab Province and was against attained independence?
(a) Winston Churchill (b) Clement Attlee
the partition. After Independence, he separated himself from
(c) Harold Mc Millan (d) None of these
Congress and later joined the Communist Party of India. *On Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
14/15 August 1947, at midnight Constituent Assembly took Ans. (b)
charge as an Interim Parliament. The meeting of Constituent
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and resigned himself to a plan for partition, creating the (Mountbatten supported the congress on this).
independent nations of India and Pakistan.
9. The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence
6. Which plan became the platform of Indian Independence? Act in –
(a) Cripps Plan (b) Wavell Plan
(a) January, 1947 (b) July, 1947
(c) Mountbatten Plan (d) None of the above
(c) August, 1947 (d) August, 1946
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006
Ans. (c) U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
Uttarakhand U.D.A./ L.D.A. (Pre) 2007
Lord Mountbatten came to India in March, 1947 with the
Ans. (b)
purpose to give complete independence to India. He decided
As per the Mountbatten Plan (June 3, 1947), British
15 August, 1947 as the date for power transfer. He made a
plan of partition of India under instructions of Attlee which Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on July 18,
was considered as Mountbatten Plan. 1947. In this Act, India and Pakistan were decided as two
dominion States with effect from 15 August, 1947.
7. The Mountbatten Plan became the basis for :
(a) Continuity of British Rule. 10. The Indian Independence Act, 1947 came into force
(b) Transfer of power. on –
(c) Partition of the country. (a) July 4, 1947 (b) July 10, 1947
(d) Solution of communal problems. (c) July 18, 1947 (d) August 14, 1947
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 U.P.R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2014
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
See the explanation of above question. See the explanation of above question.
8. Mountbatten Plan (June 1947) provided for a 11. The formula for transfer of sovereignty to India in 1947
referendum in which of the following province(s)? was known as –
(a) Sindh (a) Durand Plan (b) Morely-Minto Reforms
(b) Baluchistan (c) Mountbatten Plan (d) Wavell Plan
(c) North-West Frontier Province U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
(d) All of these Ans. (c)
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (d)
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct of the Mountbatten Plan. The Indian Independence Act was
explanation of (A). presented in the British Parliament on July 4, 1947 by the
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Clement Attlee.
The Indian Independence Act was passed by the House of
explanation of (A).
Commons on July 15, 1947 and next day by the House of
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Lords. Finally, it received royal assent on July 18, 1947.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 16. The Balkan Plan for fragmentation of India was the
U.P. Lower Sub.(Spl.) (Pre) 2003 brain- child of –
(a) W. Churchill (b) M.A. Jinnah
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001
(c) Lord Mountbatten (d) V.P. Menon
Ans. (a)
I.A.S. (Pre) 2000
Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are correct and (R) Ans. (c)
is correct explanation of (A). Britishers were weak after
After arriving in India to negotiate terms for an Independent
the Second World War and after evaluating the National India, Mountbatten soon concluded that transfer of power to
Movement of India it is clear that people of various castes, one central representative constituency assembly for India
religions, organisations and parties contributed to the would be impossible to achieve as neither the India National
independence. Congress nor the Muslim League could agree to the terms,
and he accordingly came up with ‘Plan Balkan’, separate
14. Given below are two statements, one labelled as dominion for Pakistan, the Princely States and the rest of
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). British India with certain key areas of administration run by
Assertion (A) : The British sovereignty continued to Central Government.
exist in free India. 17. The Indian National Congress agreed in 1947 to the
Reason (R) : The British sovereign appointment the partition of the country mainly because –
last Governor-General of free India.
(a) The principal of Two-nation Theory was then
In the context of the above two statements, which one acceptable to them.
of the following is correct? (b) It was imposed by the British Government and the
Code : Congress was helpless in this regard.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct (c) They wanted to avoid large-scale communal riots.
explanation of (A). (d) India would have otherwise lost the opportunity to
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct attain freedom.
explanation of (A). I.A.S. (Pre) 1998
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. Ans. (c)
the conclusion that partition was the only choice to check overtake India ... let posterity know what agony this old soul
the widespread communal violence and bloodshed that was went through, thinking of it.... Let it not be said that Gandhi
ravaging the country. The plan provided for the immediate was party to Indian vivisection.”
transfer of power on the basis of the grant of Dominion
Status. The Indian National Congress agreed in 1947 to the 20. The Radcliffe Committee was appointed to –
partition of the Country mainly because they wanted to avoid
(a) Solve the problem of minorities in India.
large-scale communal riots.
(b) Give effect to the Independence Bill.
18. Assertion (A) : The Indian National Congress accepted
the Mountbatten plan. (c) Demarcate the boundaries between India and Pakistan.
Reason (R) : It believed in two-nation theory. (d) Enquire into the riots in East Bengal.
Select the correct answer from the code given below: I.A.S. (Pre) 2014
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Code :
Ans. (c)
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct
explanation of (A). Viceroy of British India, Lord Mountbatten formed two
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct commissions namely Punjab Border Commission and Bengal
explanation of (A).
Border Commission to decide the borderline between India
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. and Pakistan on June 30, 1947. Radcliffe was appointed as
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998 President of both the Commissions. Those Commissions had
Ans. (c) to demarcate borders by Muslims and Non-Muslims population.
Assertion (A) is correct, but reason (R) is wrong as though They had to consider other factors too. There were four members
INC accepted Mountbatten plan, but they never accepted in each Commission of which two were from Indian National
‘Two Nation Theory.’ The reason behind their acceptance Congress and two from the Muslim League.
of the Mountbatten Plan was to avoid communal riots in
21. Who headed the Boundary Commission appointed in
the country.
1947 in the context of India’s partition?
19. As an alternative to the partition of India, Gandhiji
(a) Mountbatten
suggested to Mountbatten that he –
(b) Radcliffe
(a) Postpone granting of independence.
(b) Invite Jinnah to form the Government. (c) James Bolt
(c) Invite Nehru and Jinnah to form the Government (d) Richardson
together. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
(d) Invite the army to take over for some time. Ans. (b)
I.A.S. (Pre) 2000
Ans. (b) See the explanation of above question.
The first meeting between Gandhiji and Mountbatten had 22. The last opportunity to avoid the partition of India
taken place on 31 March , 1947. As an alternative to the
st
was lost with the rejection of:
partition of India, Gandhiji suggested to Mountbatten that (a) Cripps Mission
the best course would be to ask Jinnah to take over as Prime (b) Rajagopalachari Formula
Minister of Interim Government and run the affairs of the (c) Cabinet Mission
Country but this suggestion of Gandhiji was not acceptable to (d) Wavell Plan
Congress Leaders and Congress Working Committee. He told I.A.S. (Pre) 2002
his attendants: “Today I find myself all alone. Even Sardar and Ans. (c)
plan on 16 May, 1946 which intended to create a United India Congress to approve the plan for the partition of India of 3
rd
with independent Muslim and Hindu majority provinces in June, 1947. Gobind Vallabh Pant introduced the proposal
which demand of Pakistan raised by Muslim League was of the partition of India and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
rejected, but Muslim League did not approve the plan on 6 th
seconded this proposal.
June,1946. On July 27, the Muslim League Council met at
Bombay where Jinnah reiterated the demand for Pakistan as 26. Who of the following took the passing of a resolution
the only course left open to the Muslim League. On July 29, on the partition in the meeting of the Congress
it rejected the plan and called the Muslims to resort to “Direct Committee(1947) as a “Surrender of Nationalism in
Action” to achieve the land of their dream “Pakistan.” August favour of Communalism.”
16, 1946 was fixed as “Direct Action Day.“ As a result , the (a) Dr. Kitchlew (b) Purushottam Das Tandon
last opportunity to avoid the partition of India was lost with (c) Jawaharlal Nehru (d) G.B. Pant
the rejection of Cabinet Mission. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
Ans. (a)
23. Who among the following was the Chairman of the
Congress Session of Delhi wherein resolution of divided Dr. Kitchlew then the president of Punjab Regional Congress
India was passed on June 14, 1947? Committee was in strong opposition to partition. He termed
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(a) Rajendra Prasad (b) Vallabhbhai Patel the partition of India as “Surrender of the nationalism in
(c) Acharya J.B.Kriplani (d) Jawaharlal Nehru favour of Communalism.” He isolated himself from Congress
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007 and associated himself with the Communist Party of India.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
Ans. (c) 27. In the meeting of All India Committee on June 14-15,
1947; who among voted against the partition of India?
When Congress Committee accepted the proposal of divided
India in Delhi on 15 June, 1947, J.B. Kriplani was the
th
(a) Abul Kalam Azad (b) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
President of Indian National Congress. This proposal was (c) Sardar Patel (d) Gobind Vallabh Pant
presented by Gobind Vallabh Pant and supported by Maulana U.P. P.C.S. (Pre)2002
Azad, Sardar Patel and Jawaharlal Nehru. In November, Ans. (b)
1947 J.B. Kriplani resigned from Congress Chairmanship.
In the Delhi Session of I.N.C. on June 14-15, 1947, Khan
After that, Dr. Rajendra Prasad became interim Chairman
Abdul Gaffar Khan (Seemant Gandhi) voted against the
of Congress. Pattabhi Sitaramaiyya became next President
of Congress in Jaipur Session in 1948. Then P.D. Tandon partition of India.
became new President of Congress in Nasik Session.
28. Which of the following assumed sovereign power at
24. Who presided over the Delhi Session of Indian National midnight of 14/15 August, 1947 provisionally?
Congress in 1947? (a) Central Legislative Assembly
(a) J. B. Kripalani (b) Rajendra Prasad (b) Constituent Assembly
(c) Abul Kalam Azad (d) Jawaharlal Nehru (c) Interim Government
47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005 (d) Chamber of Princes
Ans. (a) M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (b)
The Constituent Assembly, as the Provisional Parliament,
25. Who among the following had seconded the resolution
assumed Sovereign power at midnight on August 14-15,
on the partition in the meeting of All India Congress
1947. A special session of the Constituent Assembly was
Committee held in New Delhi in 1947?
held in New Delhi on 14-15 August, 1947. Jawaharlal
(a) Govind Ballabh Pant
Nehru delivered a speech as India’s first Prime Minister
(b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
in the Constituent Assembly in New Delhi at midnight on
(c) J.B. Kripalani
August 14-15, 1947. This historic speech was full of ideas
(d) Abul Kalam Azad
and embellishments to inspire a Nation, about to make a
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014
new beginning.
Ans. (d)
5. Under the provision of Regulating Act, a Provincial See the explanation of above question.
Assembly for Bihar was set up in–
(a) 1772 (b) 1774 9. The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court established
(c) 1776 (d) 1778 by the East India Company was –
40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
Ans. (b) (a) Elijah Impey (b) Courtney Ilbert
(c) Phillip Francis (d) None of the above
The main purpose of Regulating Act was to regulate the
activities of Company under British Rule. It was passed by Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
the British Parliament in 1773 and implemented in India in Ans. (a)
1774. According to the provisions of this Act, a Provincial
Assembly was set up in Bihar in 1774. See the explanation of above question.
6. When did Bihar become a separate province in India? 10. Which Act gave the right to reject the decision of the
(a) 1897 (b) 1905 committee to Governor-General?
(c) 1907 (d) 1912 (a) Regulating Act of 1773 (b) Pits India Act of 1784
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(c) Act of 1786 (d) Act of 1813
B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (d) U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ans. (c)
On 22 March 1912 both Bihar and Orissa divisions were sepa-
rated from Bengal Presidency as Bihar and Orissa Province. In 1786, another bill was brought in the Parliament relating
On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces. to India in a bid to prevail upon Cornwallis to accept the
22nd March is also celebrated as Bihar Divas. Governor-Generalship of India. Cornwallis wanted to
have the power of both the Governor-General and the
7. The Supreme Court was set up for the first time in
Commander- in-Chief. The provisions of the Act were that
India under the:
(a) Regulating Act, 1773 the Governor-General in special cases relating to peace,
(b) Charter Act, 1853 defence or well-being of Indian empire, had the power to
(c) Government of India Act, 1935 override the majority of the Council and enforce their rule.
(d) Indian Constitution Act, 1950 The Governor-General now became more effective ruler of
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998 British India Act of 1786 was a supplementary Bill brought
by Pitt and was passed in 1786.
Ans. (a)
on land in Bengal and Bihar. The objective of this act was U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
to define the rights and liabilities of Zamindars and Tenants. Ans. (c)
13. By a Regulation in 1793, the District Collector was The monopoly of East India Company in India’s trade was
deprived of his judicial powers and made the collecting abolished in 1813 by the Charter Act of 1813. But they held
agent only. What was the reason for such regulation? the monopoly on the trade of Tea and trade with China.
(a) Lord Cornwallis felt that the District Collector’s
efficiency of revenue collection would enormously 15. Consider the following statements about 'The Charter
increase without the burden of other work. Act of 1813'.
(b) Lord Cornwallis felt that judicial power should 1. It ended the trade monopoly of the East India
compulsorily be in the hands of Europeans. While Company in India except for trade in tea and trade
Indians can be given the job of revenue collection in with China.
the districts. 2. It asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown
(c) Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the extent of power over the Indian territories held by the Company.
concentrated in the District Collector and felt that such 3. The revenues of India were now controlled by the
absolute power was undesirable in one person. British Parliament.
(d) The judicial work demanded a deep knowledge of Which of the statements given above are correct?
India and a good training in law and Lord Cornwallis (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
felt that District Collector should be only a revenue (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
collector. I.A.S. (Pre) 2019
I.A.S. (Pre) 2010
Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
The 1813 act ended the Company's monopoly over trade in
Cornwallis judicial reforms took the final shape in 1793
India, but the company retained trade with China & the trade
and were embodied in the famous Cornwallis Code. The
in tea. So, statement 1 is correct.
new reforms were based on the principle of Separation
of Powers. Under the influence of the eighteenth-century The Act asserted the undoubted Sovereignty of the Crown
French philosophers, Cornwallis sought to separate the of the United Kingdom over Indian territories. So, statement
revenue administration from the administration of justice. The 2 is correct.
Collector was the head of the revenue department in a district The revenues of India were controlled by the British
and also enjoyed extensive judicial and magisterial powers. parliament through Pitts India Act 1784.
(c) Charter Act of 1833 (d) Charter Act of 1853 member of the Council except for legislative purposes. A
(e) None of these British member was appointed as a Law Member in the
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 Governor-General’s Council. A first fourth person appointed
Ans. (b) as the Member of the Council was Lord Macaulay. Thus
option (d) is the correct answer.
See the explanation of above question.
19. Which of among following had recommended to hold
17. Which of the following is one of the reasons for
the Indian Civil Service Examination simultaneously
considering the Charter Act of 1813 important for in India & England?
India? (a) Aitchison Commission
(a) It banned propaganda by Christian Missionaries in (b) Hobhouse Commission
India. (c) Montagu-Chelmsford Report
(b) It emphasized industrialization in India.
(d) Lord Cornwallis
(c) It made a financial allocation for the education of
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
The East India Company Act, 1813 is also known as the Britain and India for Civil Services. On their recommendation,
Charter Act, 1813. The main feature of the Charter Act was - the Civil Services was held together in England and India
the Act expressly asserted the Crown sovereignty over British from 1922. The Aitchison Commission submitted its report
India. The Act permitted Christian missionaries to propagate in 1887. The Commission opposed to the demand of the
English and preach their religion. It allowed 100,000 financial
simultaneous holding, in England as well as in India.
allocations to promote education in Indian masses.
20. Which Act provisioned competitive exam system for
18. Which one of the following provisions was not made
Civil Services?
in the Charter Act of 1833?
(a) 1833 (b) 1853
(a) The trading activities of the East India Company were
(c) 1858 (d) 1882
to be abolished.
(b) The designation of the supreme authority was to be 46 B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003
th
Ans. (b)
changed as the Governor General of India-in-Council.
(c) All law-making powers to be conferred on Governor- The Charter Act, 1853 provided that the salary of the
General-in-council. members of Board of Control, its Secretary and other Officers
(d) An Indian was to be appointed as a Law Member of would be fixed by the British Government but the payments
the Governor-General’s Council. would be made out of the Company’s funds. The number of
I.A.S. (Pre) 2003 the Directors of the Court of Directors was reduced from 24
Ans. (d) to 18 of whom 6 were to be nominated by the Crown. The
Court of Directors was divested of its right to patronage and
The Charter Act, 1833, was renewed on the condition that
Company’s services were thrown open to competition and
Company should abandon its trade entirely, alike with India
and China and permit Europeans to settle freely in India. The no discrimination of any kind was to be made. A Committee
Company lost its monopoly in China and also the trade oftea with Macaulay was formed in the following year (1854) to
which it enjoyed with the Charter Act of 1813. Governor- give effect to the scheme of appointment in Civil Services
General of Bengal was made the Governor-General of British through competition.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
(A) After the Nagpur Session (1920) of Congress, the
explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. Provincial Congress Committees were constituted
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. on linguistic basis.
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 1998 (B) In 1948, Congress rejected the demand of formation
Ans. (d) of provinces on linguistic basis.
Select the correct answer from the code below:
The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced dyarchy
(a) Only (A)
system in provinces, Education, Local Self-Government,
(b) Only (B)
Medical Relief, Public Health and Sanitation, Agriculture,
(c) Neither (A) nor (B)
Cooperative Societies, Public Works, Excise, Land Revenue,
(d) Both (A) & (B)
Famine Relief, Justice, Police, Irrigation and Waterways,
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018
Labour, Welfare and Industrial Disputes, etc. 50 subjects were
Ans. (d)
delegated to Provinces. On the other hand, central Legislative
have right over 47 subjects such as Defence forein Affairs After the Nagpur Session (1920) of congress, the provincial
Money communication, etc. Although Governor- General had congress committees were constituted on linguistic basis. In
major executive powers but the structure and characteristics 1948, Congress rejected the demand of formation of prov-
of governance Generally, federal. Thus, statement (A) is inces on linguistic basis.
wrong and Reason (R) is correct.
51. These were included in prime elements of the
49. Consider the following statements – Government of India Act, 1935 –
Assertion (A) : Dyarchy means division of administrative 1. Provision of Federation
affairs in two sections. 2. Provincial Autonomy
Reason ( R) : It was introduced for enforcement of 3. Introduction of Dyarchy in Provinces
responsible governance in Provinces. 4. To Authorization of Federal Legislature.
Which of the following is correct in the reference of Select the correct answer by using codes structure given
the above? below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct (a) 1and 2 (b) 1 and 3
explanation of (A). (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 1998
explanation of (A). Ans. (a)
The Government of India Act, 1919 made a provision in its 57. Consider the following statements –
Part V, that a statutory Commission would be set up at the end In Government of India Act, 1935 provided for –
of 10 years after the Act was passed which shall inquire into
1. The provincial autonomy.
the working of the system of the Government. The Simon
Commission of 1927 was an outcome of this provision. All- 2. The establishment of Federal Court.
Party Conference presented the Nehru Report. The Simon 3. All India Federation at the Centre.
Commission Report and three sessions of Round Table Which of the following statements given above are
Conference in 1930, 1931 and 1932 respectively, made their correct.
Government of India Act, 1935 have been incorporated Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003
in the Constitution of India in the year 1950 as– Ans. (b)
(a) Fundamental Rights The correctly matched list is as follows –
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
Regulating Act, 1773 - Establishment of
(c) Extent of Executive Power of State
Supreme Court.
(d) Conduct of Business of the Government of India
Indian Council Act, - Introduction of Commu-
I.A.S. (Pre) 2010
1909 nal Electorate
Ans. (b)
Government of India Act, - Introduction of Dyarchy
The “Instrumentation of Instruction” contained in the 1919
Government of India Act, 1935 was incorporated in the Government of India Act, - Provision for
Constitution of India in the year 1950 as Directive Principles Autonomy 1935 of Provinces
of State Policy. The critics said this part of Constitution as
holy phrases. 68. Which Act is not the landmark in the development of
the Constitution during the British Rule?
66. Who has said it: ‘I have not to beg pardon in connection
(a) The Regulating Act, 1773
with the allegation that in the draft of the Constitution,
(b) The Charter Act, 1833
a major part of the Government of India Act, 1935, has
again been reproduced’? (c) The Government of India Act, 1919
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (b) Sardar Patel (d) The Protection of Civil Right Act, 1955
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015 66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020
Ans. (d) Ans (d)
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar said it ‘I have not to beg pardon in The Protection of Civil Rights Act (PCR Act), 1955 was
connection with the allegation that in the draft of the enacted and notified on 8th May 1955. It was amended in
Constitution, a major part of the Government of India Act,
1976 and was renamed as "Protection of Civil Right Act,
1935, has again been reproduced’ in parliamentary debates
1955", before this it was known as Untouchability (Offences)
regarding Constitution-making process.
Act, 1955. The Act extends to whole of India and provides
67. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer punishment for the practice of untouchability. Hence it has
by using codes given below – nothing to do with development of constitution. Therefore
List-I option (d) is correct option.
4. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer List-I List-II
using codes given below the lists: A. Treaty of Allahabad 1. 1754
List- I (Year) List- II (Event)
B. Treaty of Aixla Chapple 2. 1746
A. 1775 1. First Anglo-Burmese War
C. La Bourdannais Capture 3.1748
B. 1780 2. First Anglo-Afghan War
of Madras
C. 1824 3. First Anglo-Maratha War
D. 1838 4. Second Anglo-Mysore War D. Dupleix's dismissal 4. 1765
Code : Codes:
A B C D A B C D
(a) 4 3 2 1 (a) 2 4 1 3
(b) 4 3 1 2 (b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(c) 3 1 2 4
(d) 3 4 2 1
(d) 1 4 2 3
I.A.S. (Pre) 1999
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016
Ans. (c)
Ans (b)
The correctly matched list is as follows :
Following are the matches
First Anglo-Burmese War -(1824-1826) (British India v/s
Burma) Treaty of Allahabad - 1765
First Anglo-Afghan War - (1838-1842) (British v/s Afgan) Treaty of Aixla Chapple - 1748
First Anglo-Maratha War - (1775-1782) (British v/s Marathas)
Second Anglo-Mysore War - (1780-1784) (British v/s La Bourdannais Capture of Madras - 1746
Kingdom of Mysore). Dupleix's dismissal - 1754
5. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer 7. Which of the following pair is not correctly matched?
using the code given below –
List (War) List-II (Years) (a) Reimplementation of - Farrukhsiyar
A. Second Anglo- 1. 1803-05 A.D. Jizya
Mysore War
B. Second Anglo- 2. 1780-84 A.D. (b) Rule over Masulipatnam - Ford
French War (c) Sati Prevention Act - Lord William Bentinck
C. Second Anglo- 3. 1878-80 A.D.
(d) End of Slavery - Malcolm
Maratha War
D. Second Anglo- 4. 1750-54 A.D. U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
Afghan War Ans. (d)
The First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-26) – The first 17. Who have introduced the printing press in India and
in which year?
of three wars fought between the British and Burmese
(a) Portuguese in 1550
Empires in the 19th century. The war which began primarily (b) Spanish in 1680
over the control of northeastern India, ended in a decisive (c) French in 1745
British victory, giving the total British control of Assam, (d) English East India Company in 1674
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021
Manipur, Cachar and Jaintia as well as Arakan Province Ans (a)
and Tenasserim. The Burmese were also forced to pay an The first press in India was introduced by the Portuguese in
indemnity of one million pounds, and sign a commercial 1550. The first printing press of India was set up in 1556 at
treaty ‘Treaty of Yandabo’. St. Paul's College, Goa.
Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49)-The Second Anglo- 18. Which of the following events occurred first ?
Sikh War took place in 1848 and 1849 between the Sikh (a) Lord Lytton's Delhi Darbar
Empire and the British East India Company. (b) Santhal Revolt
(c) First Anglo-Sikh War
15. Arrange the following in their chronological order and (d) Ilbert Bill Controversy
select the correct answer with the help of code given U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
below: Ans. (c)
(b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 1 4 3 2 The famine in Western Uttar Pradesh occurred in 1860-61.
(d) 2 3 1 4 Rest of the all are correctly matched.
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ans. (a) 21. Examine following statements.
1. Kunwar Singh led the struggle in Bihar against
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar is considered as one of the pillars British while Khan Bahadur Khan led in
of the Bengal Renaissance. In other words, he managed to Ruhelkhand in First Independence Struggle, 1857.
continue the reforms Movement that was started by Raja 2. Muslim League was observed Deliverance Day on
22 December, 1939.
Rammohan Roy. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar initiated the
3. Tatya Topey took the lead of armies in Kanpur for
concept of Widow Remarriage and he also opened the the patronage of Nana Saheb and Zeenat Mahal
doors of the colleges and other educational institutions to assumed leadership in Faizabad.
lower caste students, which was earlier reserved only for the 4. Ghadar Party was founded Sardar Bhagat Singh.
Brahmins. For his immense generosity and kind-heartedness, Select the correct answer by using codes given below:
people started addressing him as “Dayar Sagar” (ocean of (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
kindness). Major-General Sir William Henry Sleiman was a
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
British soldier and administrator in British India, best known Ans. (*)
for his work on suppression of thuggee. Justice Mahadev
The Ghadar Party, initially the Pacific Coast Hindustan
Govind Ranade was a judge, politician, writer cum reformer
Association, was formed in 1913 in the United States under
of India. Politically, Ranade established the Poona Sarvajanik
the leadership of Har Dayal. He also published a letter titled
Sabha and was also among those who played a phenomenal
‘Ghadar,’ whose first issue was published on November 1st,
role in setting up the Indian National Congress party. Justice 1913. In 1914, he went to Switzerland where he published
Mahadev Govind Ranade was also an active reformer. He set another Anti-British newspaper ‘Vande Matram’. In
up the Social Conference Movement, which worked against Faizabad. Maulavi Ahmed Ullah was leader, not Zeenat
child marriage, Widows Remarriage, spending heavily in Mahal. Zeenat Mahal was the queen of Bahadur Shah Zafar.
marriages and other social functions. Ranade advocated Remaining statements 1,2 are correct.
for widow remarriage and female education. Lord Hastings 22. The following advertisement
became Governor-General in 1813. In 1816, Lord Hastings THE MARVEL OF THE CENTURY
finally decided to suppress the Pindaris. Hastings planned THE WONDER OF THE WORLD
vigorous military preparations with a view to surrounding the LIVING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
IN
Pindaris from all sides - on the north and east from Bengal,
LIFE-SIZED REPRODUCTIONS
on the West from Gujarat and the south from the Deccan. CINEMATOGRAPHIE
and Shrikrishna; stayed in America for some time: and (c) Jawaharlal Nehru
was also elected to the Central Assembly. He was
(d) Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh (b) Bipin Chandra Pal
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) Motilal Nehru
66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020
I.A.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (c) Ans (e)
Lala Lajpat Rai was a prolific writer and a nationalist leader Louis Fisher was an American journalist who among his
many works, also wrote biography of Mahatma Gandhi,
of India. He wrote the Biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi,
'A Life of Mahatma Gandhi' (1950). During one of the
Shivaji, Dayananda and Shrikrishna to inspire the people interviews for this biography, above statement was said by
with patriotic zeal. He visited USA & Japan . There he was Mahatma Gandhi to him on the issue of communalism.
in touch with the Indian revolutionaries. He became a mem-
27. Who remarked about the East India Company that
ber of the British Labor party in England. He was elected
"The Company is an anomaly but it is part of a system
to the Central Assembly. He played an outstanding role in
where everything is an anomaly"?
the freedom movement and was elected the president of the (a) Warren Hastings (b) G.B. Macaulay
Indian National Congress in 1920 at the Calcutta session. (c) Lord Clive (d) Henry Dundas
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017
24. “The British Government is not responsible for the
Ans. (b)
partition of India.” The above statement is attributed
to : Lord Macaulay was a central figure in the language debate
(a) Abul Kalam Azad (b) Lord Attlee over which language should be used as the medium of edu-
(c) Lord Mountbatten (d) Mahatma Gandhi cation in India. The orientalists were in favour of the use of
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
classical language of Indian tradition, on the other hand, the
Ans. (b)
Anglicists supported English. The Anglicists group's views
On February 20, 1947, Attlee made the statement: “It is the were expressed in the Minute of Macaulay. Commenting on
definite intention of the British Government to effect the the policies of East India company once he said" The Compa-
transfer of power to responsible Indians by a date not later ny is an anomaly, but it is part of a system where everything is
June 3, 1948. If the League does not join the Constituent an anomaly". He prepared the draft of the Indian Penal Code.
Assembly, the British Government will have to consider to
whom the powers of Central Government of British Indian 28. Who said, “Political Freedom is the life-breath of a
should be handed over on the due date.” He also stated that nation”?
“The British Government is not responsible for the partition.”
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (b) Aurobindo Ghosh
25. "So always with the assent and often to the dictates of (c) Bipin Chandra Pal (d) Mahatma Gandhi
the Chamber of Commerce, the Government of India U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004
is carried on and this is the 'White Man's Burden." Ans. (b)
Rabindranath Tagore was an icon of Indian culture. He was a (b) He considered Shivaji and Guru Govind Singh as a
poet, philosopher, musician, writer, and educationist. He was nation builder.
popularly called as Gurudev. He also became the first Asian (c) Many of his songs refute the heroism of Marathas.
to become a Nobel laureate when he won Nobel Prize for (d) He favoured the economic aspects of Swadeshi
his collection of poems, Gitanjali, in 1913; he was awarded Movement
knighthood by the British King George V; established U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
Viswabharati University; two songs from his Rabindrasangit Ans. (d)
canon are now the national anthems of India and Bangladesh.
Rabindranath Tagore did not favour the economic aspects
37. With reference to Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh, of the Swadeshi Movement. He portrayed the side effects
which one of the following statements is correct? of the economic aspects of the Swadeshi Movement in his
(a) Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour Indian novel ‘Ghare Baire’ with depicting the sourness of Muslim
National Flag here. businessmen. Remaining statements are correct.
(b) Pattabhi Sitaramaiah led the Quit India Movement of
41. Who gives the Slogan ‘Jai Jawan’, Jai Kisan’ ?
Andhra region from here.
(a) Lal Bahadur Sashtri (b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Rabindranath Tagore translated the National Anthem
from Bengali to English here. (c) Devi Lal (d) Morariji Desai
(d) Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott set up head- 38th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1992
quarters of Theosophical Society first here. Ans. (a)
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021
‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’ (English: Hail the Soldier, Hail the
Ans (c)
Farmer) was a slogan given to India by the then Prime
Rabindranath Tagore translated the National Anthem to
Minister of India, Sri Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1965, in a public
English as 'Morning Song of India' in February, 1919 during
gathering at Ramlila Maidan, Delhi.
his brief stay at Madanapalle. It was given a tune by Margaret
Cousins. 42. Who said, “Freedom is almost within reach, we have
to seize it ?”
38. In which year, Rabindranath Tagore died?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(a) 1869 (b) 1911
(c) Jawahar Lal Nehru (d) Shauqat Ali
(c) 1941 (d) 1765
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002
Ans. (c)
Ans. (a)
Rabindranath Tagore was born on May 7, 1861 in a wealthy
At the time of Quit India Movement which was started on
Brahmin family in Calcutta. He was the ninth son of August 9,1942, Mahatma Gandhi said: “Freedom is almost
Debendranath and Sarada Devi. He passed away on August within reach, we have to seize it.” On the same occasion,
7, 1941 at his ancestral home in Calcutta. Mahatma Gandhi gave the slogan of “Do or Die.”
forefront of Quit India Movement. (a) Dayanad (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Gandhi (d) Vivekananda
44. Who of the following had written, “India’s salvation
Chhattisagarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
will not be achieved under the leadership of Mahatma
Ans. (d)
Gandhi”?
(a) M.A. Jinnah (b) Clement Richard Attlee Swami Vivekananda was an Indian philosopher of modern
(c) Winston Churchill (d) Subhash Chandra Bose times, who introduced the philosopher of Vedanta and Yoga
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014 in the western world. He became a great spiritualists of Neo-
Ans. (d) Vedanta. he laid philosophical foundations for Hindu cultural
reformation and Indian society utilizing Advaita logic. He
Writing in his much-acclaimed book ‘Indian Struggle’,
represented Neo-Vedanta linked with transcendentalism new
Subhas Chandra Bose stated, “Mahatma Gandhi has thought, theosophy. He encouraged the practice of Advaita
rendered and will continue to render phenomenal service to Vedanta in people's daily life linked with society, he preached
his country.” “But,” he added, “India’s salvation will not be spiritual stage through the humanistic stage, he denied the
achieved under his leadership.” evil practises by the Indian priest class, Prince class and
trade class and sensitively responded towards the poverty
45. “Everything else can wait, but not agriculture.” The and untouchability. He applied the philosophy of Advaita
above statement is attributed to : Vedanta to build humanity and spirituality.
(a) Jagjivan Ram (b) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(c) Mahatma Gandhi (d) Sardar Patel 49. "The British empire is rotten to the core, corrupt
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 in every direction and tyrannical and mean." This
Ans. (b) statement was made by
(a) Sister Nivedita (b) Savitribai Phule
After Independence, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru stated that (c) Annie Besant (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
“Everything else can wait, but not agriculture.”
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
46. In which year was the first cloth mill established in Ans. (a)
Bombay?
The above statement has been said by Sister Nivedita in
(a) 1842 (b) 1845
(c) 1850 (d) 1854 A letter to Ms. Macleod. Her original name was 'Margaret
(e) None of these Elizabeth Noble'. She was an Irish social worker, writer and
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 teacher. She was a disciple of Swami Vivekananda.
Ans. (d)
50. Who among the following leaders said, "I am an Indian
The first cloth mill established in Bombay in the year 1854,
Tom-Tom, whose work is waking up all the sleepers so
was the first cotton textile mill of Bombay. It was established that they may wake and work for their motherland"?
by a Parsi cotton merchant Cawasji Dabar. (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (b) Mahatma Gandhi
the sleepers so that they may wake and work for their 3. restitution of conjugal rights
motherland", - Annie Besant. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
51. "Can you show me one free country where there are
separate electorates .... The British element is gone, (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
but they have left mischief behind". I.A.S. (Pre) 2020
Who among the following said the above mentioned Ans (b)
statement in the Constituent Assembly debates?
(a) Somnath Lahiri Rakhmabai was one of the first practising women doctor
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru in colonial India. She was also involved with a landmark
(c) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel legal case involving her marriage as a child bride between
(d) N.G. Ranga
1884 and 1888. This case led to the enactment of the Age of
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Movement in India. In India scouting was introduced in 1909 Gandhiji was convinced to negotiate with the Viceroy Lord
and guiding in 1911. Irwin. So Gandhiji and Lord Irwin met on February 19 , 1931
th
Ans. (d)
1946. Dr. Sachidanand Sinha was its interim president. Dr.
Rajendra Prasad was elected as its permanent president on 11 th
Sir Leonel Curtis is known as the father of Dyarchy. His ideas
concerning dyarchy were important in the development of
December, 1946. He was not included in the first Congress
the Government of India act 1919. In Dyarchy (rule of two),
Ministry in United Province before India’s independence.
the concept of executive councillors and popular ministers
58. The statement “I am a socialist and a republican and was introduced in which subjects were divided into two
am no believer Kings and Princes” is associated with lists-Reserved and Transferred subjects.
(a) Narendra Dev (b) Achyut Patwardhan 62. Of the four forms of political protests mentioned below,
(c) Jai Prakash Narayan (d) Jawahar Lal Nehru which one is derived from the name of the person who
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011 used it as a political weapon for the first time?
Ans. (d) (a) Boycott (b) Seige
(c) Shut-down (d) Strike
“I am a socialist and a republican and do not believe in Kings I.A.S. (Pre) 1996
and Princes” this statement is associated with Jawaharlal Ans. (a)
Nehru.
Boycott word is derived from the name of Captain Charles
59. Who among the following had been described as the C. Boycott (1832–97), an Irish land agent. He was the first
high priest of Communism in India? one who used this as a political weapon in 1880.
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Acharya Narendra Dev 63. Consider the following statements:
(c) M.R. Masani (d) Ashok Mehta 1. The Arya Samaj was founded in 1875.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013 2. ‘Al Hilal’ was published by Maulana Abul Kalam
Ans. (a) Azad.
3. Lala Lajpat Rai was not associated with the paper
Nehru’s ideas contained analysis and interpretation of
‘The People.’
socialism, including Marxism. An interesting role in this
4. The famous Presidency College (former Hindu
connection was played by the Publicity Department of the
College) of Calcutta was established by Raja Ram
United Provinces which depicted Nehru as a communist. Mohan Roy.
64. Of the following events, which stands third in 67. Which lady contributed the largest in the Indian
Politics after 1947?
chronological order?
(a) Aruna Asaf Ali (b) Kamla Rani Singh
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(a) Aga Khan (b) M.A. Jinnah British-controlled army using peaceful protests and political
(c) Faiz Hussain (d) Karim Jalal activism. He was awarded Bharat Ratna in 1987.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015
Ans. (a) 75. Who among the following is popularly known as the
‘Frontier Gandhi?
Aga Khan, also is known as Maulana Sultan Mohammed Shah
(a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
presided over the All-India All Parties Muslim Conference in
(b) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
Delhi on December 31, 1928. All India Muslim Conference
(c) Jatin Das
was set up under the leadership of Aga Khan and demanded
(d) Maulana Muhammad Ali
separate electorates for Muslims.
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
72. The Banaras Session of August, 1923 of the Hindu Ans. (b)
Mahasabha was presided over by :
See the explanation of above question.
(a) Swami Shraddhananda
(b) Rajendra Prasad 76. What was the name of the movement started by Khan
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai Abdul Gaffar Khan against British?
(d) Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya (a) Red Shirt (b) Quit India
43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999 (c) Khilafat (d) None of the above
Ans. (d)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
The Banaras Session of August, 1923 of the Hindu Mahasabha Ans. (a)
was presided over by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, which
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi) had organized a
was attended by around 1500 delegates including Hindu,
volunteer brigade 'Khudai Khidmatgars' popularly known as
Jain, Sikh and Parsi.
the 'Red Shirts' who were pledged to the freedom struggle and
73. Identify the years those are closest to the founding of non-violence during civil Disobedience movement.
the Communist Party of India and the RSS respectively.
(a) 1915, 1914 (b) 1925, 1925 77. Who of the following attacked on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(c) 1928, 1929 (d) 1925, 1939 by saying:
56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015 Ambedkar has had his leadership thrust upon him by
Ans. (b) a benign British Government because his services were
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) was founded on necessary to embarrass the Nationalist leaders.’
September 27, 1925 in Nagpur by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Subhash Chandra Bose
on the other hand, the Communist Party of India was founded (c) Dr. B. S. Moonje (d) Sir Mirza Ismail
on December 25, 1925 in Kanpur. Atal Bihari Vajpayee is
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
the first Swayamsevak to become Prime Minister of India.
Ans. (c)
91. Which part of India remained under Portuguese 1926 with M.C. Rajah as its first elected President. First
control after 15th August, 1947? Indian National Social Conference was held in 1887.
(a) Goa (b) Sikkim 95. Which one of the following was not a dominant caste
(c) Pondicherry (d) Andaman & Nicobar in Bihar during the pre-independent period?
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 (a) Bhumihar (b) Rajputs
Ans. (a) (c) Kayasthas (d) Kurmi
46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2004
After 15 August, 1947, Goa remained under Portuguese
th
Ans. (d)
control. In 1955 America supported the Claim of the
Portuguese Government over Goa. After 14 years, Operation During the Pre-Independence period, in Bihar Bhoomihar,
Vijay was conducted by Indian forces to free Goa from Rajput and Kayasthas were the dominant castes while Kurmi
caste was not a dominant caste.
Portuguese control. The armed action which involved the
Indian Army, Navy and Air Force was a decisive victory for 96. Consider the following statements:
India, ending more than 450 years of Portuguese rule in India 1. Lord Mountbatten was the Viceroy when Shimla
on 19th of December, 1961. Conference took place.
2. Indian Navy Revolt, 1946 took place when the
92. Against which colonial power freedom struggle had to Indian sailors in the Royal Indian Navy at Bombay
be continued in India even after 15 August, 1947? and Karachi rose against the Government.
(a) French (b) Dutch Which one of the statements given above is/are correct?
(c) British (d) Portuguese (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010
I.A.S. (Pre) 2005
Ans. (d) Ans. (b)
See the explanation of above question. Lord Wavell was the Governor of India when Shimla
93. Which of the following statements is not true for Conference took place. Thus, statement 1 is false. One of
the most spectacular episodes of the intense revolt against
Jawaharlal Nehru?
the British Raj was the uprising of the sailors of the British
(a) He was influenced by Socialism. Indian Navy in 1946. On February, 18 the sailors and shipmen
(b) He was influenced by British liberalism. of the British Indian Navy battleship HMS “Talwaar,” who
(c) He was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi. were at the time posted to the Bombay harbour, went on
strike. They were protesting against the bad food and adverse
(d) He was influenced by German Nationalism. conditions. After the assurance of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 On 25 February, 1946, the rebels were ready to surrender.
Ans. (d) Thus, statement 2 is correct.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the man who encouraged woman 101. The practice of indirect election in India was launched
education founded Bethune School at Kolkata (previously in which of the following year ?
Calcutta) and also opened 35 women school in Bengal. Thus (a) 1861 (b) 1892
statement 1 is correct. The famous Bengali novelist, Bankim (c) 1909 (d) 1919
Chandra Chattopadhyay was the first graduate from Calcutta U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009
University in 1858. Like this statement 2 is also correct. Due Ans. (b)
to the campaign of Raja Ram Mohan Roy against Sati system,
Governor-General Lord William Bentinck banned the Sati The practice of indirect election in India was launched in
system by an Act of law. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect and 1892.
the desired answer will be option (b) 102. Name the Deoband scholar who played a significant
98. Who among the following was associated as Secretary role in the freedom movement.
with Hindu Female School which later came to be (a) Abul Kalam Azad (b) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(c) Badruddin Tyabji (d) Chirag Ali
known as Bethune Female School?
47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005
(a) Annie Besant
Ans. (a)
(b) Debendranath Tagore
Abul Kalam Azad was the scholar related to Deoband. He
(c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Published Al-Nadwah magazine. He also served as the
(d) Sarojini Naidu
I.A.S. (Pre.) 2021 president of Congress between 1940 to 1946. 'India Wins
Ans (c) Freedom' is his famous book.
Bethune Female School/Calcutta Female School was founded 103. Which of the following statements regarding Dr.B.R.
by John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune in 1849 in Kolkata. It Ambedkar is correct? Select the correct answer from
was first school for girls in Kolkata. In 1850 Ishwar Chandra the code given below the statements?
Vidyasagar was appointed as the first secretary to the school. 1. He founded Siddharth College.
2. He started his journal Mook Nayak in 1920.
99. The first Indian to contest election to the British House
3. He founded Depressed Class Institute in 1922.
of Commons was: 4. He was the first Defence Minister of India.
(a) Dada Bhai Naoroji (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale Code :
(c) Feroz Shah Mehta (d) W.C. Bannerjee (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005 (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
Ans. (a) Ans. (a)
Code :
framed in this policy. Under this, the public and private
(a) 4,3,2,1 (b) 1,2,3,4
(c) 3,2,1,4 (d) 1,2,4,3 sectors were divided, and both were allocated different
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014 industries. The main aspect of the Industrial policy of 1948
Ans. (a) was that it made an attempt to clarify the role of the public
and private sector in industrial development.
The correct chronological order of the events is :
The Special Session of Indian - September 4-9, 1920 107. Who among the following were the founders of the
National Congress, Calcutta "Hind Mazdoor Sabha" established in 1948?
Demise of Bal Gangadhar Tilak - 1 August, 1920 (a) B. Krishna Pillai, E.M.S. Namboodiripad and K.C.
Announcement of Peace Terms - 14 May, 1920 George
to Turkey (b) Jayaprakash narayan, Deen Dayal Upadhyay and M.N.
Roy
Submission of unanimous - 25 March, 1920
(c) C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer, K. Kamaraj and Veeresalingam
report on Jallianwala Bagh
Pantulu
Massacre by Congress
(d) Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanujam and G.G. Mehta
Committee I.A.S. (Pre) 2018
105. With reference to the Indian National Congress Session Ans. (d)
held at different places of Uttar Pradesh, match list-I
Hind Mazdoor Sabha is a national trade union centre in
with list-II and select the correct answer using the code
India. Its founder members were included Basawan Singh
given below –
(Sinha), Ashok Mehta, R.S. Ruikar, Maniben Kara, Shibnath
List-I List-II
Banerjee, R.A. Khedgikar, T.S. Ramanujam, V.S. Mathur,
(Place) (Year)
G.G. Mehta, R.S. Ruikar was elected President and Ashok
A. Meerut 1. 1916
Mehta was elected general secretary.
B. Kanpur 2. 1905
C. Lucknow 3. 1946 108. The first communist Government of India was
D. Banaras 4. 1925 established in the province of:
Code :
(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Andhra Pradesh
A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2 (c) Kerala (d) West Bengal
(b) 3 1 2 4 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
(c) 3 4 1 2 Ans. (c)
(d) 2 3 4 1
The first Communist Government of India was established
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021
Ans (c) in the province of Kerala in 1957.
PM Narendra Modi inaugurated centenary celebration of 118. Consider the following events and arrange them in
'Chauri Chaura' incident on 4th February 2021. The day chronological order:
marked 100 years of 'Chauri Chaura' incident in which on 4th
February 1922, people were fired upon by police at Chauri I. Dandi Yatra
Chaura in Gorakhpur district of modern day Uttar Pradesh II. Puna Pact
when they were participating in non-cooperation movement. III. Communal Award
In retaliation the demonstrators attacked and set fire to a
police station, killing all of its occupants. IV. Gandhi - Irwin Pact
Select the correct answer from the code given below.
116. Arrange the following in chronological order and select
the correct answer from the code given below: Code:
1. Dandi March 2. Simon Commission (a) I, II, III, IV (b) III, II, I, IV
3. Poona Pact 4. Gandhi-Irwin Pact (c) I, III, IV, II (d) I, IV, III, II
Code : U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016
(a) 2, 1, 3, 4 (b) 4, 3, 1, 2
Ans (d)
(c) 2, 1, 4, 3 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015 DandiYatra - 12 March 1930
Ans. (c) Gandhi - Irwin Pact - 5 March 1931
The correct chronological order of the following events is Communal Award - 16 August 1932
as follows: Puna Pact - 24 September 1932
(1) Simon Commission came to India in 1928 to study the
constitutional reform in Britains most important colonial 119. Consider the following events :
dependency. 1. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
(2) Dandi March in 1930, also known as Salt March, to
2. Communal Award
produce salt in the coastal village of Dandi to break
British law which introduced taxation on salt production. 3. Second Round Table Conference
(3) Gandhi-Irwin pact was a political agreement signed by 4. Nehru Report
Mahatma Gandhi and then Viceroy, Lord Irwin on 5
Arrange above events in chronological order and select
March 1931 before Second Round Table Conference.
(4) Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B.R. Ambedkar the correct answer from the codes given below :
and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September, 1932 for Codes :
giving separate electorates to Dalit. It was signed by Pt.
(a) 3, 2, 1, 4 (b) 3, 1, 4, 2
Madan Mohan Malviya representing Mahatma Gandhi.
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 4, 1, 3, 2
117. Consider the following events and arrange them into
chronological order : U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017
I. Sharda Act Ans. (d)
Ans (b)
Ans. (d)
Vinoba Bhave was 1st Individual Satyagrahi, Rasbehari
The correctly matched order is :
Ghosh was president of Surat Session of Congress in 1907,
Mahatma Gandhi - Dandi March
whereas Shyamji Krishna Verma was founder of India House
Jawaharlal Nehru - Demand for Complete
in London. Hence option (b) is correct as C.R. Das was
Independence in Lucknow
popularly called as Deshbandhu.
Session
135. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct Khan Abdul Gaffar - Red Shirt Movement
answer using the codes given below the list: Khan
List – I List – II
Vallabhbhai Patel - Bardoli Satyagraha
(Movement) (Person)
A. Home Rule Movement 1. M.K. Gandhi 137. The correct order of the following :
B. Bardoli Satyagraha 2. C.R. Das A. Regulating Act
C. Non-Cooperation 3. Vallabhbhai Patel B. Surat Split
Movement C. Partition of Bengal
D. Establishment of Swaraj 4. Annie Besant D. Establishment of Muslim League
Party (a) ABCD (b) ACDB
Code : (c) ACBD (d) ADCB
A B C D U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
(a) 1 2 3 4 Ans. (b)
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 4 3 2 1 Regulating Act - 1773
(d) 2 1 4 3 Partition of Bengal - 1905
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010 Establishment of Muslim League - 1906
Ans. (b) Surat split - 1907
Home Rule Movement (September, 1916) was established Thus, the correct sequence will be - ACDB
by Annie Besant, Bardoli Satyagrah (February, 1928) - 138. The following are the events of National Movements:
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Non-Cooperation Movement I. Champaran Satyagraha
(August, 1920) - M.K. Gandhi and Swaraj Party (1923) II. Non-Cooperation Movement
III. Quit India Movement
was established by C.R. Das. Thus, option (b) is the correct
IV. Dandi March
answer. The correct chronical order is:
A B C D
C. Home Rule Movement D. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
(a) 3 2 1 4
Code :
(b) 1 1 2 3
(a) C, D, A, B (b) D, B, A, C (c) 2 3 3 2
(c) A, C, B, D (d) C, A, B, D (d) 4 4 2 1
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994 M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994
Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
Home Rule Movement - 1916
Female Rulers Related States/Capitals
Rowlatt Act - 1919
Rani Durgavati - Gara Mandal
Simon Commission - 1927
Maharani Ahilya Bai - Holkar State
Gandhi-Irwin Pact - 1931
Maharani Lakshmi Bai - Jhansi
Thus, the correct order is C A B D. Hence, option (d) is the
Begum Razia Sultan - Delhi
correct answer.
Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.
140. Consider the following statements:
142. What is the correct sequence of the following events?
1. Asaf Ali looked after the work of Railway Ministry
1. The Lucknow Pact
in the interim Government (1946) 2. The Introduction on Dyarchy
2. ‘Ancient Monuments Preservation Act’ was passed 3. The Rowlatt Act
when Lord Curzon was Governor-General. 4. The Partition of Bengal
3. The Haripura Session of the Indian National Code :
(a) 1, 3, 2, 4 (b) 4, 1, 3, 2
Congress was presided over by C.R. Das.
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
4. Swami Shraddhanand suggested no-tax campaign U.P.Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998
as a protest against the Rowlatt Act. I.A.S. (Pre) 1995
Of these statements : Ans. (b)
(a) Only 1 and 2 are correct. The correct sequence of the above events is :
(b) Only 2 and 3 are correct. The Partition of Bengal - 1905
(c) Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct. The Lucknow Pact - 1916
(d) Only 1, 2 and 3 are correct. The Rowlatt Act - March, 1919
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013 The Introduction on Dyarchy - December, 1919
Ans. (c) Thus, the correct option is (b).
145. Consider the following events and select correct 3. Communal Award
chronological order of the events from the codes given 4. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
below : Code :
1. Khilafat Movement (a) 1, 4, 3, 2 (b) 1, 3, 4, 2
2. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (c) 3, 4, 2, 1 (d) 4, 2, 3, 1
3. Amritsar Session of Indian National Congress U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010
(1919) Ans. (a)
158. The British entered into Jharkhand for the first time
from the side of _______. Chauri-Chaura incident (1922)- Withdrawal of Non-
(a) Pakur (b) Chatra cooperation Movement
(c) Palamu (d) Singhbhum Dandi March (1930) - Illegal manufacturing of Salt
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021
Ans (c) 161. Which of the following events occurred last?
British entered into Jharkhand for the first time from Palamu (a) Chauri-Chaura incident
in 1772.
(b) Dandi March
159. Which among the following events happened earliest? (c) Gandhi-Irwin Pact
(a) Swami Dayanand established Arya Samaj. (d) Declaration of Communal Award
(b) Dinbandhu Mitra wrote Neeldarpan. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
(c) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote Anandmath. Ans. (d)
(d) Satyendranath Tagore became the first Indian to Chauri-Chaura incident took place in 1922. Dandi March
succeed in the Indian Civil Services Examination. which led to the start of the Civil Disobedience movement
I.A.S. (Pre) 2018 was held in 1930. Gandhi-Irwin pact was held in 1931.
Ans. (b) Communal Award was declared in 1932. Hence option (d)
is the correct one.
Neeldarpan is a Bangalle Drama written by Deenbandhu
Mitra in 1858-59 AD. The atrocities of Indigo plantation 162. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
owners has been clearly described in this book. Satyendra (a) The first Newspaper. - The Bengal Gazette
Nath Tagore was the first Indian to qualify Civil Service published from India
Examination in 1863 AD. Bankimchandra Chatterjee, in (b) Founder of All - Mahatma Gandhi
1882, wrote Anand Math the story of which is based on the
India Harijan Sangh
Sanyasi revolt (1763-1800 AD). Dayanand Saraswati found-
(c) Active participants of - Hardayal, Baba Harnarn
ed Arya Samaj on 8 April 1875 in Bombay with the objective
of re-establishing the ancient Vedic religion in pure forms. Gadar Movement Singh & Tundilat
(d) Governor-General of - Lord Minto
160. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer
Bengal at the time of
(using codes given below the lists):
List- I (Events) List- II (Results) the passing of Pitt’s India
A. Morley-Minto Reform 1. National Wide Movement Act
B. Simon Commission 2. Withdrawal of a U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013
Movement Ans. (d)
Indian Council Act, 1909 was mostly based on Morley- 167. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer
Minto Reform, Government of Indian Act, 1919 was based from the codes given below:
on Montague Chelmsford Reform, Government of India List- I List- II
Act, 1935 on recommendation of Joint Select Committee A. The Government of India i. 1935
& Simon Commission Report & Indian Independence Act,
Act
1947 is based on Mountbatten Plan.
B. Cripps Proposals ii. 1940
165. The Department of State was established under whose C. August Offer iii. 1945
headship? D. Wavell Plan iv. 1942
Ans. (d)
168. Consider the following events and arrange these in
To investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of April
chronological order.
13, 1919 the British Government had appointed Hunter
I. Cripps proposal II. August offer Committee. Gandhi termed it as ‘page after page of thinly
III. Wavell plan IV. C.R. Formula disguised official white-wash.’ Butler Committee was
Select the correct answer from the codes given below. appointed in 1927 to investigate and clarify the relationship
Codes: between the Indian States and British Government. The
(a) II, I, III, IV (b) II, I, IV, III Indian Statutory Commission in 1929 was constituted as an
(c) I, II, IV, III (d) I, II, III, IV auxiliary committee under the chairmanship of Sir Philip
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016 Joseph Hartog to inquire into the conditions of education
Ans (b) in India. Muddiman Committee was related to Montague-
Chelmsford reforms of 1919.
Correct order of events is as follows:
August offer (August 1940), Cripps proposal (March 1942), 171. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
C.R. Formula (March 1944), Wavell Plan (1945) (a) Mahatma Gandhi’s autobiography was originally
169. The ‘Deepavali Declaration’ issued in the year 1929 written in the Gujarati Language.
was related to the : (b) Saddler Commission is associated with Education.
(a) Communal problem (b) Dominion status (c) Hindu College Calcutta is the first institution to help
(c) Labour leaders (d) Untouchability in spreading English Education in India.
U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015 (d) Lala Lajpat Rai was never elected as President of
Ans. (b) Indian National Congress.
The ‘Deepavali Declaration’ issued by then Governor- U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013
General Lord Irvin on October 31, 1929 was related to the Ans. (d)
dominion status of India. Mahatma Gandhi wrote his biography originally in the
170. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer Gujarati language. British Government appointed Sadler
using the codes given below the lists: Commission to study the problems of Calcutta University
List- I in the leadership of Dr. M. Sadler. Hindu College (1817) of
Calcutta was the first institution which helps in spreading
A. Butler Committee Report
English education in India. Lala Lajpat Rai was elected the
B. Hartog Committee Report
C. Hunter Inquiry Committee Report President of Calcutta Session (Special) of Indian National
D. Muddiman Committee Report Congress. So statement (d) is not correct.
(d) 1 4 2 3
Independence Movement of India and select correct
I.A.S. (Pre) 1997 chronological order by using given codes :
Ans. (b) 1. Non-Cooperation Movement
The correctly matched list is as follows : 2. Homerule Movement
Surat Split - 1907 3. Quit Indian Movement
4. Civil Disobedience Movement
Communal Award - 1932
Code :
All Party Convention - 1928
(a) 1,2,3,4 (b) 2,1,3,4
Poorna Swaraj Resolution - 1929
(c) 2,1,4,3 (d) 1,2,4,3
173. What is the correct sequence of the following events?
1. Tilak’s Home Rule League Ans. (c)
2. Kamagatamaru Incident The correct chronological order of the above events is as
3. Mahatma Gandhi’s arrival in India follows:
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Home Rule Movement - 1916
Code : Non-cooperation Movement - 1920-22
(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 3, 2, 1 Civil Disobedience Movement - 1930
(c) 2, 1, 3 (d) 2, 3, 1 Quit India Movement - 1942
I.A.S. (Pre) 1998 So, the correct answer is option (c).
Ans. (d)
176. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer
Kamagatamaru incident took place in 1914. Gandhi returned from the codes given below the Lists:
from South Africa on January 9, 1915. In a provincial List-I List-II
conference held at Belgaum in April, 1916, Bal Gangadhar A. Simon Commission 1. 1885
Tilak announced the formation of Home Rule League. Thus B. Quit India Movement 2. 1942
option (d) is correct. C. Formation of Indian
National Congress 3. 1927
174. What is the correct sequence of the following events? D. Minto Morley Reforms 4. 1909
1. The August offer Code :
2. The I.N.A trial A B C D
3. The Quit India Movement (a) 1 2 3 4
4. The Royal Indian Naval Ratings Revolt. (b) 4 3 2 1
IV. Partition of the Country by the law member P.C.Ilbert in 1883 during Ripon period.
Code : Pherozeshah Mehta was one of the founder members of
(a) I, II, III, IV (b) II, I, IV, III Indian National Congress, but Sir Badruddin Tyabji was not
(c) II, I-III, IV (d) III, II, I, IV associated with the Muslim League. He was the first Muslim
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009 President of Indian National Congress in 1887 Madras.
Ans. (d)
180. Consider the following events in the history of the
The chronological order of given events is as follows : independence movement of India & select correct
Simon Commission - Appointed in 1927, reached Bombay chronological order using codes given below :
on 3 February, 1928. 1. Swadeshi Movement
Gandhi-Irwin Pact – 5 March, 1931 2. Home Rule Movement
Cripps Mission – March, 1942 3. Non-cooperation Movement
Partition of the country – Midnight of 14-15 August 1947. 4. Civil Disobedience Movement
Code :
178. Arrange the following events in chronological order (a) 1,2,3 and 4 (b) 2,1,3 and 4
and select the correct answer from the codes given (c) 2,1,4 and 3 (d) 3,1,4 and 2
below. U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre)1998
1. Gandhi-Irwin agreement Ans. (a)
2. Poona Pact
3. Declaration of complete National Independence Swadeshi Movement began to protest Partition of Bengal
4. Civil Disobedience Campaign (1905). Home Rule Movement was started under the leadership
Codes: of B. G. Tilak and Annie Besant in 1916. Non-Cooperation
(a) 3, 4, 1, 2 (b) 2, 1, 4, 3 Movement began in 1920-22 and Civil Disobedience
(c) 2, 1, 3, 4 (d) 4, 3, 1, 2 Movement began in 1930. Thus, the correct order of the events
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016 is 1,2,3,4 and the desired answer is option (a).
Ans (a)
181. Which of the following Movements led few women out
Following are sequence of events for above options:
from the seclusion of home?
Declaration of complete National Independence - 31
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
December, 1929
1. Swadeshi Movement
Civil Disobedience Campaign - 6 April, 1930 2. Home Rule Movement
Gandhi-Irwin agreement - 5 March, 1931 3. Non-cooperation Movement
Poona Pact - 24 September, 1932 4. Civil Disobedience Movement
186. Which of the following pair is not correct matched? Cripps Mission - March, 1942, Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946,
(a) Battle of Buxar - 1764 Quit India Movement - August, 1942, Wavell Offer-June,
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(b) Subsidiary Alliances - 1863 1945. Thus, chronologically the appropriate option is (a).
(c) Monopoly of East India - 1833 189. Arrange the following in the chronological order &
Company in India select the correct answer from the code given below:-
(d) Opening of Trades for - 1813 1. The August offer
British Civilians and 2. The Cabinet Mission Plan
Companies in India 3. The Cripps Mission Plan
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010 4. The Wavell Plan
Ans. (b) Code :
For extension of the British empire in India and suppression (a) 1, 2, 4, 3 (b) 4, 3, 2, 1
of French forces, Wellesley started a policy of subsidiary (c) 1, 3, 4, 2 (d) 3, 4, 1, 2
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
alliance in 1798. Hyderabad was the first state which accepted
Ans. (c)
the policy of subsidiary alliance (1798). Other options are
correctly matched. The August Offer - 1940
The Cabinet Mission Plan - 1946
187. Arrange the following Plans in chronological order:
The Cripps Mission - 1942
1. Cripps Plan The Wavell Plan - 1945
2. Cabinet Mission Plan After sorting the dates in chronological order, option (c) is
3. Mountbatten Plan the correct answer.
4. Wavell Plan
190. Consider the following events and arrange them in
Code : chronological order:
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 2, 3, 1, 4
I. Cripps Mission
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2 (d) 1, 4, 2, 3
II. August Offer
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
III. Nehru Report
Ans. (d) IV. Wavell Plan
The correct sequence of the Plans given in the question is Select correct answer from the codes given below:
as follows – Code :
Cripps Plan - 1942 (a) III, I, II, IV
Wavell Plan - 1945 (b) III, II, I, IV
(c) II, I, III, IV
Cabinet Mission Plan - 1946
(d) I, III, II, IV
Mountbatten Plan - 1947
U.P. R.O. /A.R.O. (Mains) 2017
Thus the correct sequence is 1,4,2,3. Ans. (b)
191. The following were the main events of the year 1945 : 194. Arrange the following events in chronological orders &
1. Wavell Plan choose the correct answer using the code given below:-
2. Shimla Conference 1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
3. Naval Mutiny 2. Chauri-Chaura Incident
4. INA Trial 3. Champaran Movement
Select the correct answer : 4. Moplah Rebellion
(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 4 Code :
(c) 1, 2, 4 (d) 1, 3, 4 (a) 1, 2, ,3, 4 (b) 2, 1, 3, 4
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 (c) 3, 1, 4, 2 (d) 3, 2, 1, 4
Ans. (c) U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008
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Ans. (c)
The time of occurrence of the events is as follows –
Wavell Plan - 14 June 1945 The chronological order of these events is as follows –
Shimla Conference - 25 June 1945 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - April 13, 1919
INA Trial- November 1945 to May 1946. Chauri-Chaura Incident - February 4, 1922
The Royal Indian Naval Mutiny started on 18 February 1946. Champaran Movement - 1917
Moplah Movement - 1921
192. Consider the following events: Thus, the correct answer is option (c).
1. Cripps Mission
2. August Offer 195. Arrange the following according to their chronological
3. Nehru Report Order & select the answer by using codes given below :
4. Wavell Plan 1. Nehru Report
The correct chronological order of these events is : 2. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
(a) 3, 1, 2, 4 (b) 3, 2, 1, 4 3. Poona Pact
(c) 2, 1, 3, 4 (d) 1, 3, 2, 4 4. Civil Disobedience Movement
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017 Code :
(a) 4, 1, 3, 2 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
Ans. (b)
(c) 1, 4, 2, 3 (d) 3, 2, 1, 4
The correct chronological order of the events is as follows - U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002
Nehru Report - 1928 Ans. (c)
August Offer - 1940
The correct chronological order of events is as follows –
Cripps Mission - 1942
Nehru Report - 1928
Wavell Plan - 1945 Civil Disobedience Movement - 1930
193. What is the correct sequence of the following Gandhi-Irwin Pact - 5 March, 1931
movements? Poona Pact - 1932
I. Civil Disobedience Movement So, the correct answer is option (c).
II. Khilafat Movement
196. Which of the following pair (pact and year) is correctly
III. Non-Cooperation Movement
matched?
IV. Quit India Movement
Select your answer from the codes given below: (a) Lucknow pact - 1916
(a) I, IV, III, II (b) IV, I, II, III (b) Gandhi-Irwin pact- 1932
(c) II, III, I, IV (d) II, IV, I, III (c) Liyakat Ali - Bhulabhai Desai Pact - 1945
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012 (d) Shimla pact - 1946
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 (e) Poona pact - 1947
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2000 Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
197. Find the correct sequence of following by codes given The correctly matched list is as follows –
below: Macdonald - Communal Award (1932)
(A) C. Rajagopalachari Formula Linlithgow - August Offer (1940)
(B) Wavell Plan Dalhousie - Doctrine of Lapse
(C) Mountbatten Plan Chelmsford - Dyarchy (Act of 1919 - Enforcement
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207. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct 209. Consider the following in the following sequence:
1. Cabinet Mission 2. Simon Commission
answer by using codes given below:-
3. Cripps Commission 4. Poona Pact
A. Indian Council 1. Beginning of Dyarchy
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Act, 1909 System
Code :
B. Government of India 2. 1916
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
Act, 1935 (b) 2, 4, 3 and 1 are correct
C. Lucknow Pact 3. Lord Minto (c) 4, 3, 2 and 1 are correct
D. The Government of India 4. Provincial Autonomy (d) 3, 1, 4 and 2 are correct
Act, 1919 U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009
Code : Ans. (b)
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 The correct chronological order of events is as follows :
(b) 4 3 2 1 Simon Commission - February, 1928 (Appointed in 1927)
(c) 2 4 1 3 Poona Pact - September, 1932
(d) 3 4 2 1 Cripps Mission - March, 1942
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010 Cabinet Mission Plan - March, 1946
Ans. (d) 210. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
Indian Council Act, 1909 was passed by Secretary of State Event Year
(a) Indian Navy Act 1927
for India John Morley & Viceroy of India Lord Minto is
(b) Civil Disobedience 1930
known as Morley-Minto Reforms. Provincial Autonomy was
Movement
Mahatma Gandhi managed many successful movements 214. Select the correct chronological order of the following
satyagrahas with his affiliates against British rule. Gandhi events from the codes given below :
did Champaran Satyagrah (1917) with Dr. Rajendra Prasad, 1. Poona Pact
J.B. Kriplani and others. So statement 1 is true. Gandhi had
2. Quit India Movement
organized Ahmedabad Mill Workers Satyagrah with the
3. Cabinet Mission
association of Anusuya Ben not Morar Ji Desai. So statement
4. Simla Conference
2 is wrong. Kheda Satyagraha was launched by Gandhi with
Code :
Indulal Yagnik and Vallabh Bhai Patel etc. So, statement 3 is
true. Thus, the correct answer is option (c). (a) 1, 2, 4, 3 (b) 4, 3, 2, 1
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2 (d) 2, 3, 4, 1
212. Arrange the following events in chronological order– U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
1. Dandi March 2. Shimla Pact Ans. (a)
3. Death of Tilak 4. Champaran Satyagraha
In 1932, Poona Pact was signed after the intervention of
Code :
senior leaders. According to the terms, total of 148 seats were
(a) 1, 3, 4 and 2 (b) 2, 4, 1 and 3 reserved for untouchables, but the joint electoral system was
(c) 3, 4, 2 and 1 (d) 4, 3, 1 and 2 introduced to choose their candidates. Quit India Movement
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 started from 9 August, 1942. Viceroy invited Indian leaders
Ans. (d) on 25 June, 1945 for discussion on Wavell Off3er. Cabinet
The sequence of following events is as follows : Mission arrived in India on 24 March, 1946 and discussed
Champaran Satyagraha - This was the first peasant with various political parties and officials of Government.
Satyagraha led by Gandhi in 1917. This movement was a For the first time, Jinnah realized that the British Government
symbol of protest of farmer’s miserable condition. is ready to transfer the power without his concern. On May
Death of Tilak- 1 August, 1920 16, 1946 mission published its proposal.
(c) 1 only (d) 1 and 3 224. Arrange the following events in chronological order
I.A.S. (Pre) 2007 and select the correct answer from the codes given
Ans. (d)
below :
Jawaharlal Nehru became Prime Minister in 1947 for first I. Poona Pact
term followed by an election in 1952 for a 2nd term. The II. Gandhi-Irwin Agreement
election took place in 1957 and he became Prime Minister III. Cripps Mission
for a 3rd term and finally after winning 1962 elections, he IV. Civil Disobedience Movement
became Prime Minister for the 4th term and he died in 1964. Codes :
He never represented Raebareily instead he represented (a) IV, II, III, I (b) II, IV, I, III
Phulpur constituency near Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh. From (c) IV, II, I, III (d) III, I, IV, II
March 24, 1977 Morarji Desai served as Prime Minister as
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019
head of a Multiparty front, Janta Party, India’s first Non-
Ans. (c)
Congress Government, So, statement (1) and (3) is correct.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). Civil Disobedience Movement was started with the breaking
of Salt law by Mahatma Gandhi on 6 April 1930, which
223. Arrange the following events in correct
discontinued after the Gandhi-Irwin pact held on 5 March,
chronological order:
1931. Poona Pact between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R.
(i) Lucknow Pact
(ii) Gandhi-Irwin Pact Ambedkar was held on 24 September 1932. Cripps Mission
(iii) Poona Pact arrived in India in March, 1942.
(iv) Final Withdrawal of Civil Disobedience Movement
225. Match correctly.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) A. Bardoli 1. Maharashtra
(b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) B. Chauri-Chaura 2. Gujarat
(c) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) C. Yarwada 3. West Bengal
(d) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii) D. Noakhali 4. Uttar Pradesh
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008 A B C D
Ans. (b) (a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 1 4 3
Lucknow Pact - In 1916 during Lucknow Session, an
(c) 2 4 1 3
agreement between Congress and Muslim League was settled
(d) 4 3 1 2
which is known as Lucknow Pact. It was chaired by Ambika 48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
Charan Majumdar. Ans. (c)
"Writer’s Building"?
(a) Assam (b) West Bengal 248. In India ‘Teacher’s Day’ is celebrated on –
(a) 8 March
th
(b) 1 March
st
247. The active participant of the Bundela rebellion of 1842 The Bhartiya Kissan Union was established in 1986 as a non-
Hirdeshah was Zamindar of which of the following political organization by Mahendra Singh Tikait.
place?
251. Karl Marx explained the process of class struggle with
(a) Chanwarpatha (b) Deori
(c) Suatala (d) Hirapur the help of which one of the following theories?
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019 (a) Empirical liberalism
Ans. (d) (b) Existentialism
II. Establishment of 'Servants of India Society' by for the civil servants to rededicate themselves to the cause of
Gopal Krishna Gokhale citizens and renew their commitment to public service and
III. Publication of Hicky's 'Bengal Gazette'.
excellence in work. First such function was held at Vigyan
IV. Establishment of 'Bengal Asiatic Society' by Sir
Wililam Jones. Bhavan on 21st April, 2006.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 263. Which one of the following pair is not correctly
Code -
matched?
(a) II, I, III and IV (b) III, IV, II and I
(a) Fateh Singh Rathore - Tiger Man
(c) IV, III, I and II (d) III, IV, I and II
U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021 (b) Suresh Tendulkar - Political Scientist
Ans (b) (c) Mani Kanal - Film Maker
Publication of Hicky's 'Bengal Gazette' – 1780 (d) R. S. Sharma - Historian
Establishment of 'Bengal Asiatic Society' by Sir Wililam R.A. S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013
Jones – 1784 Ans. (b)
Establishment of 'Servants of India Society' by Gopal Krishna
Gokhale – 1905 Suresh Tendulkar is an economist, not a political scientist.
Establishment of 'Gadar Party' by Lala Hardayal – 1913 Other pairs are matched correctly. Thus, option (b) is not
correctly matched.
261. Match List- I with List- II and select the coreect answer
from the codes given below : 264. Match the following –
A. Yellow stone 1. Myanmar
List- I List- II
B. Eiffel Tower 2. United States of America
A. 11 July i. World Literacy Day C. Pagoda 3. Egypt
B. 12 August ii. National Sports Day D. Pyramids 4. Paris
C. 29 August iii. International Youth Day Code :
A B C D
D. 8 September iv. World Population Day (a) 2 4 1 3
Code : (b) 1 2 3 4
A B C D (c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 1 2 3
(a) iv iii ii i
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997
(b) iii iv i ii
Ans. (a)
Richard Nixon was the 37th President of USA. He is the 279. ‘Apartheiv’ is –
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only U.S. President to resign the office due to his role in (a) A system related to gender discrimination
Watergate Scandal. (b) A system related to age set
275. Which country is concerned to Bishop Desmond Tutu ? (c) A system in South Africa of institutionalized racial
(a) South Africa (b) Nicaragua segregation.
(c) Mauritius (d) Namibia (d) A caste-based system
Bishop Desmond Tutu was black bishop of South Africa who Apartheiv is Hindi translation of 'Unearthly'. A novel series
with the same name i.e. Apartheiv has been written by
achieved worldwide fame for anti-racism movement in the
American writer Cynthia Hand. Apartheid, not Apartheiv, is a
decade of the 80’s. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1984
system in South Africa of institutionalised racial segregation.
and Gandhi Peace Prize in 2005.
In its revised answer key, MPPSC made this question bonus.
276. Who is credited with making of real paper in China?
(a) Tsai-lun (b) Va Waugh 280. Which is the first month of Indian National Calendar?
(c) Chin (d) Kun-zun (a) Phalgun (b) Magh