Introduction

Can you imagine how people used to travel without cars? Or transported
goods from one place to another? No ride-sharing apps, no food delivery
services, no waiting for the delivery guy to bring your parcels to you?

It’s impossible to imagine how people lived in a world without cars when
every day we go out, we rely on modes of transportation to take us from one
place to another

Racing cars have also become a popular sport. The automotive industry
has created a web of opportunities for livelihood and employment.
In this lesson, you will get an overview of the automotive industry - from
the major products to current trends to the members of the value chain.
You will also learn that the automotive industry is a regulated industry,
that is, subject to laws and regulations. As an automotive servicing technician,
you should be mindful of these laws.

This lesson is a basic one we’re sure you’ll find easy. Click Topic 1 to begin.

Overview of the Automotive Industry

The automotive industry consists of global businesses
and institutions involved in the design, development,
manufacture, marketing, and after-sales service of
motor vehicles.

The current value chain of the Philippine Automotive Industry consists

of auto makers and parts makers. Activities are classified as
upstream, midstream, and downstream. In general, upstream activities
refer to product planning and design. Midstream activities refer to
production planning and actual production; and downstream activities
include sales & aftersales services.
Automotive servicing belongs to the after-sales & service subsystem
of the automotive industry value chain.

Topic 2: Relevant Policies and Guidelines in the Automotive Industry

Below are relevant laws surrounding the automotive industry.

Philippine clean air act

Also referred to as the Republic Act. No. 8749 is a state policy that aims to protect the
environment and manage the air quality for all Filipinos.

As an Automotive Service Technician, you must be aware of the existence of

environmental laws; and more importantly, ensure compliance with emission limits and
environmental permits.

Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of

1990
Also referred to as the Republic Act 6969; is An Act to control Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes, Providing Penalties
for Violations.

The Environmental Management Bureau implements guidelines

regarding the disposal of waste oils which are common in the
automotive industry.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

Also referred to as RA 9003, this Act provides the legal basis for the
implementation of solid waste management programs. These
programs e.g. collection, segregation, recycling, etc. are implemented
by local government units (LGUs).
National Building Code

The National Building Code outlines the minimum standards for the
design, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance of public and
private buildings in the Philippines.

An automotive repair shop should comply with the National Building

Code.

National Electrical and Fire Safety Codes

The Philippine Electrical Code sets the minimum requirements for the
design, installation, and maintenance of electrical systems.

The Fire Safety Code of the Philippines guides the enforcement of

safety practices in order to prevent and suppress all kinds of
destructive fires.

Occupational Safety and Health Standards

Occupational Safety and Health Standards set the minimum

requirements for the occupational safety and health of all workers
across all industries in the Philippines.

It is important that you know these standards by heart because these

specify your rights to safety as a worker.

Employees’ Compensation Program

Facilitated by the Employee Compensation Commission, this social

assistance program provides compensation for workers afflicted by
work-related injuries, diseases, or death.
accreditation of Repair Shop and Services

Accreditation serves as proof that the repair shop has achieved a

certain level of quality of performance.

The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) governs

the accreditation of repair shops and services.

It includes familiarizing yourself with organizational structures so that you

know which role each person plays and who to take instructions from.

It also includes the workflow so that you know the stages in the repair service
and will be able to identify when and where your services are needed.

It also enumerates the common services offered in an automotive repair

shop. Although, in this course, we will only focus on the engine.

Finally, this lesson will give you a virtual tour of the facilities in an
automotive workshop - where you will be spending your time working on
engines and other car parts.

Service Manager
o supervises the service advisor, dispatcher, and technicians
o handles concerns that have escalated beyond the technician and foreman’s scope

Service adviser
o supervises the service advisor, dispatcher, and technicians
o handles concerns that have escalated beyond the technician and foreman’s scope

Shop Foreman
o Also called Service Dispatcher
o organizes the repair orders and dispatches them to the technicians in the service bays and keeps track
of work in progress
Service Personnel
An automotive technician who has demonstrated competencies required to qualify for Automotive Servicing NC I.
Can perform the following:
o pre-delivery inspection
o periodic maintenance
o provide assistance to service technicians

Service Technician
An automotive technician who has demonstrated competencies required to qualify for Automotive Servicing NC II.
Can perform the following functions:
o Engine Repair
o engine cooling and lubrication system
o intake and exhaust system
o engine mechanical system
o Chassis Repair
o drive lines
o clutch system
o manual transmission/transaxle
o differentials
o brake system
o steering system
o suspension system
o Electrical Repair
o manual air-conditioner system
o manual air-conditioner compressor magnetic clutch
o ignition system
o starting system
o charging system
o body electrical system

Mid-Level Technician
An automotive technician who has achieved a level of specialization and has demonstrated competencies required to
qualify for Automotive Servicing NC III.
Can perform the following:
o Engine Overhauling
o Automotive Electrical Security and Electronic Components
o Automatic Transmission Servicing
o Automotive Aircon Servicing
o LPG Retrofitting/Conversion
o Motor Vehicle Re-Powering

Master Technician
An automotive technician who has achieved a level of expertise and has demonstrated competencies required to
qualify for Automotive Servicing NC IV.
Can perform the following functions:
o Body Management and Under Chassis Electronic Control System Servicing
o Engine Electronic Control System Servicing
o Emission Control System Servicing
Appointment & Check-In
1. The customer secures an appointment in advance or via walk-in.
2. The customer comes in with their vehicle and is ushered to the Service Advisor’s office or station.

Inspection
1. The Service Advisor receives the Customer’s concerns and interprets them.
2. The Service Technician performs inspection of the vehicle.

Authorization
1. The Service Advisor shares the findings with the Customer and recommends appropriate service/s.
2. The Service Advisor writes the repair order and acquires authorization from the Customer to perform
service/s.
3. The Service Advisor relays the job order to the Shop Foreman.
4. The Service Advisor gives an estimated timeline to the Customer.
5. The Shop Foreman relays the job order to the Service Technician.

Releasing
1. The Service Advisor informs the Customer about the services made and the warranty specifications.
2. The Customer pays for the services.
3. The Service Advisor turns over the vehicle to the Customer.

Post-Repair Inspection
1. The Shop Foreman performs a post-repair inspection.
2. The Shop Foreman informs Service Advisor of job completion.

3. Servicing
4. The Service Technician performs repair of the vehicle.
5. Any job requires two sets of skills: technical and soft skills.
6. Technical skills are the practical skills you need to learn in order to
complete tasks. For example, operating a car lifter.
7. Soft skills refer to the set of intangible personal qualities, traits,
attributes, habits, and attitudes that can be used in many different types
of jobs (UNESCO, 2013).
8. In this lesson, you will learn important soft skills that will help you work
effectively in the workplace.

It can be verbal, which involves the use of words to exchange information. For example, face-
to-face conversations, phone calls, radio, and audio recordings.
It can be non-verbal, which involves paying attention to what is not said. For example,
body language, physical movements, and facial expressions.

It can be visual, which involves examining signs, symbols, logos, photos, videos,
posters, and works of art.

It can also be written, which involves understanding text messages, emails, notes, lists,
and documents.

As part of your responsibilities, you will be asked to

accomplish work-related documents. There are two
documents that you will deal with often in an automotive
servicing job.
Inspection Checklist
This document is accomplished at the beginning of a
servicing job. You need to fill this out as you inspect the
parts and components of the car for proper diagnosis and
repair.

Repair Order
This document includes the estimated cost of the repairs.
In most cases, the Service Advisor will be the one to
prepare/sign the repair order. However, data will still come
from YOU, the Service Technician. Hence, you must be
familiar with the contents of the repair order.

At the top of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is self-actualization or the need to realize one’s full
potential. One way to achieve this is by seeking career growth and professional development.
Success in the workplace is due to many factors. Technical expertise (how good you
are in what you do) is one of them. But it's not the only thing. There are other domains
such as managerial and entrepreneurial skills.

You could be good at what you do but still not get the job or the promotion you
want. For these things, you need learning and innovation skills, as well life and career
skills.

According to the Global Partnership for Education, here are the skills that you need to
possess for the 21st Century.

People vary in strengths and weaknesses – some are born geniuses, while some have
to exert extra effort. No matter the case, it is important to know that skills and
intelligence can be learned and cultivated.

Here are some providers of industry knowledge that you can tap for professional
development.

The distance between you and your goals is narrowed by

the little steps you take in your everyday life.
Setting priorities at work gives one a sense of
accomplishment and helps you achieve your long-term
goals.
One good way to start a working week is to set your
intentions and priorities. You can do this with the help of a
tool called Urgent-Important Matrix.
Step 1: Classify weekly activities under the following
quadrants:
o Quadrant 1: Urgent and Important
o Quadrant 2: Not Urgent but Important
o Quadrant 3: Urgent but Not Important
o Quadrant 4: Not Urgent and Not Important
Step 2: Take action.
o Do urgent and important tasks right away.
o Block time or schedule those that are not urgent but are
important.
o Avoid prioritizing “urgent” but not important tasks, as
most of the time these are not related to your priorities.
o Don’t waste time on unimportant and non-urgent things

As a service technician, you play a crucial role in the workplace because you
perform the job that most customers came to pay for – repair service. Hence,
customer service skills will come in handy
An accident is an unplanned and undesirable result of the contact of a person
or a structure with a hazard.

A hazard is a potential danger that, if not eliminated or controlled, can result

in death or injury, property damage, and other losses.

Risk is the probability of any hazard causing harm.

Anticipating these hazards will lessen the likelihood of accidents. Let’s find out
what these hazards could be.

Common Hazards in Automotive Servicing

Click on the purple buttons to learn about the types of hazards you might
encounter while working as an automotive technician.

Physical
 o high-frequency vibration from power-driven tools
o excessive noise (> 90 dBA)
o heat/cold stress
o electrocution
o faulty illumination

Biological
Any biological organism that poses a threat to health e.g. virus, bacteria, etc.

Ergonomic
Any accident resulting from a mismatch between the worker and the equipment or workstation which causes strain
injuries and long-term disabilities

Chemical
Skin absorption, eye contamination, ingestion, inhalation, and injection of harmful chemicals may result in the
following:

o various forms of chronic poisoning

o skin diseases and conditions
o eye irritation, dizziness, nausea, breathing problems, headaches
o changes in blood chemistry
o increased risk of cancer
o increased risk of organic brain damage

The rule of thumb in ensuring safety is prevention. Either eliminate or reduce the
likelihood of a hazard.

To eliminate/reduce ergonomic hazards, observe proper handling of tools and

equipment.

To eliminate/reduce physical hazards, be mindful, take breaks, get ample sleep, drink
water, and wear protective equipment.

To eliminate/reduce chemical and biological hazards, regularly clean and sanitize

your workplace and wear proper protective equipment.

Other ways to decrease the likelihood of accidents:

o Refer to manufacturer's manuals when operating equipment.

o Identify and report hazards.

o Participate in safety drills and orientations.

1 He/she possesses and performs basic competencies such as pre-delivery inspection

and periodic maintenance
Service Personnel

2 This type of safety control aims to protect the worker's body by providing physical
barriers that prevent injury and/or infection
personal protective equipment

3 Which hand control is used to adjust the amount of power from the engine?

gear shifting lever

5 Which measuring tool/s can you use if you want to precisely measure the thickness or
outside diameter of a part? Multiple answers are allowed.
Micrometer

7 Which foot control is present in a manual transmission car but is not present in an
automatic transmission car?
clutch pedal

8 Which work-related document do you need to fill out when checking parts and
components of the car for proper diagnosis and repair?

Inspection Checklist

9 A client-facing role that is responsible for receiving and interpreting customer concerns,
recommending repairs, and writing repair orders.
Service Advisor
11 This area in the automotive workshop is where parts are disassembled for inspection/
repair/ calibration / replacement.
Overhauling Room

12 The heart of the vehicle which sits on top of the chassis.

Engine

13 This type of hazard results from a mismatch between the worker and the equipment or
workstation which causes strain injuries and long-term disabilities.
Ergonomic

14 This simple handheld tool is used to measure the width between narrow gaps such as
valve clearances and spark plug gaps.

feeler gauge

16 Which of the following safety measures is not true about protecting your back from
injuries?
Do not bend your knees when lifting, bend your back instead.

Drag the words to correctly arrange the stages of the workflow in an automotive service center.
Appointment > Check-In > Inspection > Authorization > Servicing > Quality Control > Rele
asing

18 This type of wrench allows you to control the twisting force applied to a fastener.

Torque wrench

19 This type of vehicle fluid prevents overheating by flowing through the passages in the
engine block, absorbing its heat, and taking the heat through the radiator and fan.
engine coolant
20 In an automotive repair shop, he/she performs the repair of engine cooling and
lubrication system, intake and exhaust system, engine mechanical system.
Service Technician

………………………………..

…………….

Drag the words into the correct boxes

The steps in the vehicle manufacturing process are as follows:

Incorrect! Correct answer:

Stamping

A roll of metal sheet is pressed and shaped to form the hoods, doors, roof, and floor
panels.

Incorrect! Correct answer:

Welding

The parts are welded to form the exterior (body) of the vehicle.

Incorrect! Correct answer:

Painting

Three layers of paint – undercoat, middle coat, and top coat – are applied to the body.

Incorrect! Correct answer:

Assembly

Interior parts such as seats and steering wheel are installed.

Exterior parts and systems are attached/mounted.

Correct answer:
Final Inspection

Quality and safety inspections are conducted.

The purpose of the engine oil is to lubricate and cool the engine mechanical
parts of the engine.
True

The purpose of the engine coolant is to prevent the engine from overheating
by flowing through the passages in the engine block, absorbing its heat and
taking the heat through the radiator and fan.
True

In which of the following vehicle reference material are you most likely to find
the dimensions of your car?
vehicle manual

In which of the following vehicle reference material can you find the coverage
of guaranteed repair for a vehicle?
warranty booklet

is a thorough procedure that aims to check the external and internal condition of the vehicle.
Multipoint inspection

is a type of engine that features mechanical parts powered by petroleum or diesel

Internal combustion engine

Also referred to as a spark ignition engine. In this type of engine, air and fuel
are pre-mixed, and a spark plug triggers the combustion.
Gasoline

Also referred to as a compression ignition engine. In this type of engine, fuel is

injected during the compression of air - triggering the combustion process.
 diesel

The difference between a manual and automatic transmission car in terms of

foot controls is that an automatic transmission car has a clutch pedal.
False

Pressing the hazard warning lights will activate flashing lights to warn other
drivers of a difficulty you may be having
True

is a lever located in between the front seats which when pulled up will engage the rear brakes.

Handbreak

Incorrect! Correct answer:

LOCK
means the ignition is turned off and the steering wheel is locked in place

Incorrect! Correct answer:

ACC
unlocks the steering wheel and allows the use of some electrical systems like the radio

Incorrect! Correct answer:

ON
turns on the ignition and switches on indicator lights, power windows, and instrumental
panel board background light

Incorrect! Correct answer:

START
turns the starter motor on

steel square
Consists of a long and short metal blade joined at a right angle, used
to measure and mark various angles

Vernier caliper
A precise measuring tool that has a reading error of 0.05mm.
Characterized by jaws that close lightly on the object that will be
measured.

micrometer
A precise measuring tool that has a reading error of 0.005mm. Has a
ratchet knob used to close the jaws lightly on the object that will be
measured.

feeler gauge
Measures the width between gaps; commonly used in measuring
valve clearances

Plastigauge
Used for measuring valve clearances

bore gauge
Measures the diameter of a bore or hole

thermometer
Measures temperature; used for diagnosing the condition of the
cooling system, intake and exhaust system, brake system, etc.

belt tension gauge

Measures belt tension in order to prevent slippage, excess heat,
premature belt failure, and decreased bearing resulting from having a
loose belt
straight edge tool
tool used to check the straightness of a belt or cylinder head distortion

Frame - C-shaped metal that holds the anvil, spindle, and barrel in a linear
position

Anvil - shiny piece of metal attached to the frame, comes into contact with the
object being measured

Spindle - moves towards the anvil as a result of turning the ratchet stop,
comes into contact with the other end of the object being measured

Sleeve or Barrel - the cylindrical part of the micrometer which features the
linear scales; depending on the type of the micrometer, the linear scales can
be imperial (inch) or metric (mm)

Main Scale

Circular Scale

Locknut - turned to tighten the spindle so that it doesn’t move while the
measurement is being taken

Thimble - drives the spindle towards the anvil, and also features markings
called graduations that represent measurement

Ratchet Stop - used to maintain the amount of pressure that drives the
spindle toward the anvil

This system connects the tires to the vehicle allowing motion and absorbing shock from road
irregularities to maintain stability

Steering xxxx
To move an automatic transmission car, you begin with the gear stick in the Park (P) position
and then you move the gear stick to which position?

Drive

Which hand control is used to adjust the amount of power from the engine?

a.
gear shifting lever

Which government office issues the official receipt/certificate of registration (OR/CR)?

Land Transportation Office

The heart of the vehicle which sits on top of the chassis.

Engine

Which of the following should you check when performing a pre-driving safety check? Multiple
answers are allowed.
Obstructions
external condition

This thorough procedure aims to check the external and internal condition of the vehicle before
and after service
Quality Control xxxx

This specialized tool is used to measure the top, center, and bottom diameters of the cylinder.
dial bore gauge

This kind of vehicle is designed for transporting goods or paying passengers.

Commercial

This type of wrench allows you to control the twisting force applied to a fastener.
Torque wrench

Which foot control is present in a manual transmission car but is not present in an automatic
transmission car?

a.
clutch pedal

Vehicles can be classified based on the following categories EXCEPT FOR:

Engine

When moving a manual transmission car, which foot control do you first step on before
clutch pedal xxxxx fgoot brake

Which of the following is/are true about the correct sitting position inside a vehicle?
It should not be too close nor too far from the steering wheel.

Which of the following vehicle reference materials can you use to validate the type of
engine that powers a vehicle?
vehicle registration xxxxxx
vin xxxxxxxxx
warranty booklet xxxxxxxxxxx

Drag the words to correctly arrange the stages of the vehicle manufacturing process.
Stamping -> Welding -> Painting -> Assembly -> Final Inspection

This type of vehicle fluid prevents overheating by flowing through the passages in the engine
block, absorbing its heat, and taking the heat through the radiator and fan.
a.
engine coolant

This type of wrench allows you to control the twisting force applied to a fastener.

a.
Torque wrench

Which measuring tool/s can you use if you want to precisely measure the thickness or outside
diameter of a part? Multiple answers are allowed
Micrometer

Or

Vernier caliper

Which of the following should you check when performing a pre-driving safety check? Multiple
answers are allowed.
external condition

c.
obstructions

Match the sub-systems of the electrical system with their corresponding functions.

Answer 1
Charging supplie s e le c tric ity whe n the e ngine is moving

Answer 2
Ignition initia te s the burning of the a ir-fue l mixture

Compute Answer 3
 onboa rd e le c tronic s tha t ma na ge the ope ra tion of othe r syste ms a nd a c c e ssorie s
r
Answer 4
Starting ha s a n e le c tric motor tha t c a use s the c ra nksha ft to rota te a nd dra w in the a ir-fue l mixture

This specialized tool is used to measure the top, center, and bottom diameters of the cylinder.
dial bore gauge

This simple handheld tool is used to measure the width between narrow gaps such as valve
clearances and spark plug gaps.
feeler gauge

Which of the following vehicle reference materials can you use to validate the vehicle’s
dimensions?
warranty bookletxxxxxxxxx
VIN plate xxxxxxxxx

This kind of vehicle is designed for transporting goods or paying passengers.

Commercial

This refers to the frame or the main structure of a vehicle. It serves as the main mounting for the
engine and the car body.
Chassis

When moving a manual transmission car, which foot control do you first step on before
releasing the handbrake?
foot brake

Vehicles can be classified based on the following categories EXCEPT FOR:

Engine
Which hand control is used to adjust the amount of power from the engine?
gear shifting lever