REPORT

GENDER MAINSTREAMING AND

WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT OF THE
ADLIGHT PROJECT FOR 2022
 Report
GENDER MAINSTREAMING AND
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT OF THE
ADLIGHT PROJECT FOR 2022

JAKARTA, DECEMBER 2022

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 LIST OF CONTENTS:

LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................3

LIST OF PICTURES...............................................................................................................3

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................4

I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................5

II. Gender equality integration in the ADLIGHT Program..........................................8

III ADLIGHT’s Framework of Analysis .....................................................................9

IV..................................ADLIGHT’sActivities for GE and Women’s Empowement 12

V. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................41.

VI. Recommendations........................................................................................................43.

References.............................................................................................................................44

Annexes45

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Category of Respondents interviewed by ADLIGH 15.

Table 2. Percentage of Households and Numbers of LED Use 17

Table 3. Typical Gender Roles in the Issues of Lighting 24

Table 4: Key Questions on GE and Women’s Empowerment for Component 39

LIST OF PICTURES

Chart 1. Decision Making Processes in the Households 19

Chart 2. Total Unit of Lamps Sold 22

Chart 3. PLN’s Customers 24.

Chart 4. Participants’s Knowledge on Gender Mainstreaming 31 .

Chart 5 Understanding of the Participant of Adllight’s Training on Gender 35

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List of Abbreviations:

ADLIGHT Advancing Indonesia’s Lighting Market to High Efficient Technologies

APJ Alat Penerangan Jalan

GE Gender Equality

GEDSI Gender, disability and social inclusion

GEF Global Environment Facility

LED Light Emitting Diode

MEMR Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Republik of Indonesia

PLN Perusahaan Listrik Negara

PUG Pengarusutamaan Gender

UNDP United Nations Development Program

UNEP United Nations Environment Program

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 I. Introduction
ADLIGHT (Advancing Indonesia's Lighting Market to High Efficient Technologies)
is a collaboration between the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR),
the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations
Environment Program (UNEP), the Global Environment Facility (GEF) as well as
other partners which will be carried out during the 2020-2023 period. The aim of the
ADLIGHT project is to encourage increased adoption of high-efficiency lighting
technology in Indonesia through transformation of the national market and the
development of the national LED lighting industry, so it may reduce electricity
demand and also the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. ADLIGHT activities in its
efforts to transform the lighting market in Indonesia, it integrates gender perspective
in the implementation. ADLIGHT eagers to ensure that women and men have equal
opportunities and access to technology. This includes all activities in the
government, industrial and commercial sectors, especially in the energy sector
including lighting technology with LED lights.

The issues on lighting are closely related to the issues of energy. In particular, gender
and energy are very important to be noted. There are still many community
members, especially women, who lack access to energy, including adequate
electricity and lighting. Especially those who live in remote areas. The impact of the
lack of access to the use of electricity and the availability of adequate lights, affects
various aspects of people's lives, both social, economic, educational, health, and so
on. More specifically, the impact produced by the absence of electricity and lighting
has a different impact on men and women. Therefore, it is important for the
ADLIGHT project to see the impact of the availability or non-availability of lighting,
especially in regard with the use of LED lights by men and women. This is a concern
for the ADLIGHT project to always look at issues from a gender perspective, both
from the perspective of practical and strategic interests of women and other
vulnerable groups.

ADLIGHT itself aims to promote the increase of the spread of high-efficiency

lighting technology in Indonesia through the transformation of the national market,
so that may contribute to the reduction of electricity demand and helping to

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overcome the depletion of the ozone layer related to the greenhouse effect which is a
threat to the survival of human beings on earth. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol has agreed
that each country contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases. Efforts to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions can be carried out in various ways, one of which is by
seeking efficient technology that helps to lower the emissions and which is friendly
to nature, such as by increasing the domestic production of the LED lamps and by
increasing the widespread use of LED lights as pursued by the ADLIGHT project.

In this spirit, the gender equality objectives of ADLIGHT will be achieved through
the implementation of 3 (three) Components in this ADLIGHT project, namely:

(1) Support the local lighting industry to prepare the market for high-quality, high-
efficient lighting systems

(2) Regulatory mechanisms; and market monitoring, verification, and enforcement,

and

(3) New business models and increased awareness for the penetration of high-
efficiency lighting technologies.

ADLIGHT pays attention to the integration of gender equality in the program of

activities carried out, including attention to other vulnerable groups such as persons
with disabilities, migrants, ethnic minorities and other marginal/vulnerable groups.
Many Indonesian people still lack access to proper energy, especially those living
outside Java or remote areas including access to proper electricity and lighting. The
impact of energy impoverishment on people's lives ranged from the social,
economic, health, educational, etc.

Moreover, access to energy affects women and men differently. Both women and
men have practical and strategic needs related to gender equality. By definition,
gender practical needs are short-term needs for both women and men, such as for
example, improving public facilities, education and health services, skills training,
providing employment opportunities, and so on. Meanwhile, strategic needs relate
to changing patterns of relations to become more just and equal relations between
women and men in relation to roles, participation, access and control over
development resources and benefits.

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The household as a concern in the ADLIGHT project is an important unit of analysis
for measuring energy equity. Including here, it is important to look at energy access
to female headed households.

Consideration of GEDSI (Gender, disability & Social inclusion)-friendly technology,

concerning access, participation, control and benefits of resources to technology,
such as, access to credit, transfer of knowledge, innovation or new technology,
information, development assistance, and others. Also, it is important to take into
account the differences in culture, experience, knowledge, geography (urban-rural)
among existing social groups. Better access to energy can improve the lives of
women, girls and other vulnerable groups and society as a whole. By doing so, this
will ultimately contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable economic growth.

Goals and Outputs of the activities:

Outcome 1: Improved quality, energy efficient and affordable locally-produced EE

Lighting (EEL) products and systems

a. Increased gender-balanced employment in the energy sector

b. Active participation of women and men in periodic market surveys
c. Women and men have the capacity to submit (from manufacturers) and
approve (by banks) investment grade proposals for business transformation
plans
Outcome 2: Improved conditions for fair market competition informed by robust
policy and institutional framework

a. Increased gender-balanced employment in the energy sector

b. Female and male staff in relevant government agencies have the capacity to
monitor, verify and enforce high-efficiency lighting systems
Outcome 3: Increased penetration of high quality and efficient lighting

a. Increased gender-balanced employment in the energy sector

b. Equal participation of women and men in stakeholder consultation meetings
regarding the installation of the EEL system in the pilot areas
c. Women and men in the pilot areas benefit equally from EEL technology

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 d. Women and men have equal access to knowledge about energy efficient
lighting technology and its benefits

II. Gender Equality Integration in The ADLIGHT Project

Gender equality and social inclusion are integrated into ADLIGHT's strategies and
activities to achieve targets according to gender marker 2 1. Gender equality here is
defined as fairness in the distribution of resources, opportunities and choices
available to women and men, so that they have equal power. together to shape life
and participate in the process. In designing activities, an assessment of equality and
gender gaps (gaps) is very important. By knowing the gender dimensions and gaps
that occur, it is hoped that the activities carried out by the ADLIGHT program can
fill these gaps. “Disparity” here can be defined as a situation where distribution,
access and control over resources and benefits are unequal according to gender and
social group. In fact, studies show that women and girls are the poorest and most
vulnerable in many societies. Especially if women and girls come from minority
groups, so special efforts or affirmative action are needed to ensure that the activities
that occur are equal and inclusive. ADLIGHT sees the importance for women to
always be involved both as individuals, family members and as part of the wider
society. ADLIGHT ensures that the entire program of activities implemented is
gender responsive in that both women and men, including youth and women have
equal opportunities to access facilities, resources and other opportunities for their
progress.

Gender equality is integrated in ADLIGHT, among others, through:

a. Gender equality perspective has been existing since the design of the
project
b. The use of sex-disaggregated data
c. Put into consideration the principals of justice and gender balance in
every program activities that are implemented
d. Analysis is done with a gender perspective

1
The marker is a qualitative statiscal tool to record development activities that target gender equality as a policy objective.
Marked 2 (“principal”) meaning that the gender equality is the main objective of the project/programme and is
fundamental in its design and expected results.

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 e. Targets of activities and indicators prepared with a gender perspective
f. Instruments/tools are generated with a gender perspective
g. Women and men are consulted, as much as possible, at every stage of
the activity
h. To make sure that women and men have their rights protected and
have equal opportunities to participate, be involved in decision-
making, and access and control over assistance and benefits from the
ADLIGHT activities.
The gender equality approach also sees the importance of the family (household) as
a unit of analysis in looking at gender issues, for examples, as is we have done with
the component 2’s market survey of the ADLIGHT project, to ensure the realization
of gender justice and energy justice. Women as the heads of households (female-
headed households) need to receive special attention because these women are
vulnerable to experiencing injustice and are frequently kept away from access and
information.

Here we emphasize the importance of energy for all, taking into account gender-
friendly support/assistance to ensure equal participation and access as well as
control over development resources and benefits. The gender approach also
considers it important to look at differences in life experiences, education, places of
residence (urban-rural) and so on among existing social groups. Thus, better access
for women and other vulnerable groups can be achieved, which will ultimately
contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable economic growth. Gender analysis
have been implemented in the ADLIGHT project to ensure that gender equality is
well integrated in all program activities.

III. ADLIGHT’s Framework of Analysis:

a. Gender Mainstreaming
In accordance with INPRES no.9/2000, Gender Mainstreaming is a development
strategy carried out by integrating the experiences, aspirations, needs and interests
of women and men into the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
all policies, programs and development activities. Gender Mainstreaming aims to

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improve the position, role and quality of women, as well as efforts to realize gender
equality and justice in family, community, nation and the state. Mainstreaming the
gender considerations into the entire development process is an integral part of the
functional activities of all government agencies and institutions at the central and
regional levels. Gender mainstreaming is a national strategy that views development
from a gender lens or perspective. The gender lens or perspective is reflected in the
existence of: sensitivity, awareness, and responsiveness that means that there are
socio-cultural constructions in society regarding men and women. This socio-
cultural construction can influence assumptions about development and its impact,
such as the presence of gender bias, as well as gender blindness, that eventually may
create gender inequality and injustice.

Sex disaggregated Data is is needed to understand the status and condition of

women and men in all fields of development. Disaggregated data in the form of
certain variables depending on the area of concern: for example in education may
incude school participation rates; the length of education, etc. Disaggregated data
can be in the form of quantitative data or qualitative data which are collected and
presented based on situation of men and women, boys and girls.

b. Gender Analysis
Gender analysis is a systematic identification of gender issues caused by differences
in roles (gender roles) and social relations between women and men (gender
relations). Gender analysis needs to be carried out, because the differences between
men and women in experience, needs, knowledge, attention, will have implications
for differences in gaining access to and benefits from development outcomes,
participating in development and control over development resources. With gender
analysis, the roles of women and men will be identified and mapped. The condition
and position of women and men, the needs of women and men, as well as the
problems of women and men, so as to analyze and provide more appropriate
answers to meet the needs of women and men in:

◦ determination of programs/activities and budgets,

◦ determine what activities need to be carried out to address the gender gap,

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◦ Determine who should be the target of a program/activity,

◦ when and how the program/activity will be carried out

c. Gender Responsive
This approach refers to the activities, policies, budgeting and so on that examines
and responds to the different needs, interests or aspirations of women and men, girls
and boys and the different impacts they may have from the projects we carry out.
Through programs that are responsive to gender, it is hoped that gender disparities
can be reduced in decision-making, access, control and fulfillment of their rights. For
example, by strengthening gender responsive planning and budgeting.

d. Gender Sensitive

This refers to an approach that integrates gender analysis and gender equality
perspectives. This reflects the awareness of how people think about gender, so that
then everyone does not have false assumptions that rely on an inappropriate
understanding of the roles that men and women have. For example, training on
gender equality will provide new understanding and challenge the participants’s
conceptions about various existing stereotypes and biases and be able to provide
examples to ensure that women and men (girls as well as boys) are involved equally
and get equal benefits too, for instance with the existence of regulations and good
practices that teach about gender equality. In particular, the gender analysis in
ADLIGHT is aimed at ensuring the implementation of gender mainstreaming in
ADLIGHT activities for the gender marker 2 as have explained above.

IV. ADLIGHT’s Activities for Gender Equality and Women’s Empowement

For the period of June 2022-December 2022, activities that have been carried out in
accordance with the planning of Components 1, 2 and 3 carried out are as follows:

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Component 1: Support the local lighting industry to prepare the market for high-
quality, high-efficient lighting systems

The objectives to be achieved from component 1 of the ADLIGHT Project are related
to supporting the local lighting industry to prepare the market for high-quality and
highly efficient lighting systems, including:

i. Supporting and increase in gender-balanced employment in the energy

sector
ii. Active participation of women and men in periodic market surveys
iii. Women and men have the capacity to submit (from manufacturers)
and approve (by banks) investment grade proposals for business
transformation plans
The active participation of women and men in periodic market surveys is
implemented, among others by creating survey tools that are gender sensitive. In
total, the ratio of the sex composition between male and female respondents for
market surveys is 50:50. In addition, all existing questions are confirmed to be
gender sensitive.

Each selected respondent was interviewed using the face-to-face method which had
been trained beforehand. The next stage is quality control of 20 percent of the total
sample taken at random, by returning (reconfirming) the selected respondents by the
monitoring and evaluation team. The entire team involved in conducting the survey
held regular meetings both online and offline where a gender consultant was
involved. This involvement was both substantive and technical in conducting the
survey.

The survey conducted targeted at 3 targets, namely:

 Government
 Household
 Commercial
Gender strategies and analysis have been carried out since the beginning of program
implementation to understand issues, gaps and gender dynamics in areas related to
the scopes of the ADLIGHT program so that gender responsive plans and activities

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can then be developed. Apart from going through the questions that have been
prepared in the questionnaire, the ADLIGHT team also asked additional questions
from a gender perspective.

During the survey preparation process, meetings with the survey team agreed that
gender equality considerations would be included in each survey stages:

to ensure that all materials used during the survey process including the questions
asked, pictures and tools used are gender sensitive and do not contain elements that
are contrary to the principles of women's empowerment and gender equality.

To take into consideration that all crews including field survey officers involved
have a basic understanding of women's empowerment and gender equality

to make sure that the selection of the research methodology including the target
respondents and their composition is gender responsive

Ensuring that women's interests and needs are taken into account in conducting
surveys, including for example understanding the flow of women's daily activities in
general in the survey area and knowing the best time to interview women or to come
to the respondent's houses.

For other meetings, including in-depth interviews, several considerations that have
been discussed that include:

a. Ensure that when we come to a location or conduct a meeting,

considerations on the right place and time, etc need to be taken into
account so that women can also participate
b. Invitations that are targetted to women should be sent directly to the
women themselves as far as possible
c. For interviews targeted to women, we have to ensure that women feel
free/not burdened in answering the questions and the women
themselves that answer the questions and are not represented by their
husbands, fathers, neighbors or children

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 d. If things are needed that can make it easier for women's active
participation, such as a comfortable place for interviews or facilities for
child care and so on, then as far as possible this can be considered
e. Ensuring that the people we interview have sufficient information
about our activities so that the survey conducted is Informed consent
and confidentiality can be maintained
f. Ensure that women and marginalized groups have equal opportunities
to voice their voices/be involved in the survey

Pre-survey activities have been carried out in several cities in Indonesia. The Pre-
Survey carried out by the team is aimed to ensure that:

a. All instruments used are gender sensitive and do not contain

information that promotes violence against women, gender stereotypes
or gender roles.
b. Ensure that the entire survey team including field officers are sensitive
to gender issues
c. Ensuring that the implementation of the survey is in accordance with
the principles of gender equality, for example, ensuring that the time
for conducting the survey is the best time
d. Ensuring gender balance in selecting survey respondents
The survey team of ADLIGHT conducted the activities in 10 major cities in
Indonesia, namely Bandung, Banjarmasin, Batam, Denpasar, Jakarta, Makassar,
Mataram, Medan, Semarang, and Surabaya with a purposive sampling method
(nonprobability sampling), which is a method in formulating specific criteria to be
examined with a balanced gender proportion of 50% male and 50% female. The
number of samples for each city in the ADLIGHT Survey was 465 respondents per
city consisting of 5 categories, namely households (430 respondents), government
buildings (10 respondents), commercial buildings (19 respondents), street lighting or
APJ (1 respondent) , as well as retail stores (5 respondents). The categories of
respondents interviewed by Component I ADLIGHT are summarized in the table
below:

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Table 1. Category of Respondents

Source: Komponen I ADLIGHT

Regarding the profile of respondents, the ADLIGHT market survey team

interviewed 51 stores where 94% of the respondents were retail stores. The majority
of respondents were male (53% of total respondents), aged 24-55 years (80% of total
respondents), and high school education level (75% of total respondents). About 39%
of the respondents are shop owners and 51% of the respondents are sales
people/employees. As for respondents for APJ lighting, respondents were generally
40-55 years old (50% of total respondents) with D3/S1 education (70%), and
positions as staff/operational personnel (70%). The total number of respondents for
commercial building is 188 respondents. The respondents mostly were
MSME/shop/kiosk (49%), followed by supermarket/minimarket (14%) and star-
rated hotels (10%). The majority of respondents' gender, age, and education level
were male (65%) with the age between 24-39 years old (53%), and with high school
education (65%). Respondents' positions were generally as management staff (28%)
and leaders (25%). As for household respondents, the number of male and female
respondents was quite balanced, namely 47% and 53%, respectively for male and
female. Respondents' status was generally parents, namely husbands (40%) and
wives (49%). Family respondents were aged between 40-55 years (43%) and 24-39

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years (35%) with an education level equivalent to high school (47%). The majority of
respondents' income is below IDR 2 million per month (35%), followed by income
between IDR 2 – 3 million per month (29%) and IDR 3 – 4 million per month (20%).
Most of the respondents' occupations were businespersons/traders (31%),
fathers/housewives (26%), and private employees (20%). Meanwhile, the profiles of
government building respondents came from the city/district government (50%),
provincial government (30%), and BUMN/BUMD (20%). The majority of
respondents' gender, age and education were male (80%) with the age between 40 –
55 years (54%), and with the latest education was Diploma 3 or bachelor’s degree/S1
(59%) respectively. Respondents generally possess middle to lower positions,
namely equivalent to echelon IV (21%) and building management staff (32%). 18% of
respondents were building supervisors/managers and 16% were in various other
positions such as administration, general affairs and infrastructure staff.

From the data of respondents interviewed by ADLIGHT above, we can see that for
retail businesses, the comparison of female and male participation is relatively not
too different, namely 53% male compared to 47% female, while household
respondents are 53% female compared to 47% male. In contrast to the commercial
buildings and the people in charge of APJ, the majority are dominated by men, 65%
and 80% respectively. This means that the decision making regarding the use of
lights in commercial buildings and for APJ is still dominated by men, while the
decision making for retail stores and households is relatively balanced.

Out of the 10 cities that became survey locations, overall they already have access to
electricity and lights. And households are the largest consumers of electricity. Data
from PLN shows that the amount of electricity sold in 2021 is 257,634.25 GWh.
Industrial customer groups consumed 80,904.45 GWh (31.40%), Households
115,370.05 GWh (44.78%), Business 44,440.85 GWh (17.25%), and others (social,
government buildings and lighting public roads) 16,918.91 GWh (6.57%). The
number of customers at the end of 2021 was 82,543,980 subscribers, an increase of
4.49% from the end of 2020, mostly from households. The average selling price of
electricity per kWh during 2021 is IDR 1,083.30/kWh higher than the previous year
of IDR 1,071.36 kWh. So here it can be seen that households are the largest customer

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group, so it is important to see the dynamics that occur in household such as how
decisions are made between men and women or between husband, wife and their
children. Decision making in the household will ultimately determine their choice of
the energy source used, in this case related to the use of LED lights in the family.

The following is the percentage of households and the number of energy-saving

lamps installed in their homes for 2021:2

Table 2. Percentage of households and the number of energy-saving lamps

YEAR 2021

Provinsi Less than 50% More than 50%

No LED ALL are LED
LED LED

Aceh 15,54 16,06 8,48 59,92

Sumatera Utara 11,17 8,11 7,28 73,44
Sumatera Barat 9,00 8,90 10,51 71,59
Riau 16,17 14,75 12,49 56,59
Jambi 8,12 10,38 12,01 69,48
Sumatera Selatan 10,37 10,84 12,75 66,03
Bengkulu 3,68 7,38 11,07 77,86
Lampung 7,92 13,65 13,13 65,30
Kepulauan
8,01 2,88 6,03 83,09
Bangka Belitung
Kepulauan Riau 7,11 8,30 10,96 73,63
DKI Jakarta 7,27 12,93 19,74 60,06
Jawa Barat 13,06 14,13 18,58 54,23
Jawa Tengah 11,02 12,25 15,08 61,65
DI Yogyakarta 8,55 9,58 17,25 64,63
Jawa Timur 13,29 16,93 19,30 50,48
Banten 11,29 9,62 23,22 55,86
Bali 10,69 5,34 13,90 70,06
Nusa Tenggara
9,03 6,01 8,07 76,89
Barat
Nusa Tenggara
20,52 6,39 8,70 64,39
Timur
Kalimantan Barat 7,37 6,51 11,67 74,45
Kalimantan
7,21 6,05 6,49 80,25
Tengah
Kalimantan
3,13 7,50 12,65 76,72
Selatan
2
https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2019/03/24/2050/persentase-rumah-tangga-menurut-provinsi-dan-
banyaknya-lampu-hemat-energi-yang-terpasang-di-rumah-2017.html

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 YEAR 2021

Provinsi Less than 50% More than 50%

No LED ALL are LED
LED LED

Kalimantan
12,45 8,71 15,54 63,30
Timur
Kalimantan Utara 19,81 7,44 13,32 59,43
Sulawesi Utara 13,76 14,48 9,52 62,24
Sulawesi Tengah 18,27 8,88 10,08 62,77
Sulawesi Selatan 11,80 9,66 11,79 66,74
Sulawesi
12,13 7,13 9,14 71,61
Tenggara
Gorontalo 16,07 12,82 11,77 59,34
Sulawesi Barat 15,37 9,41 12,58 62,64
Maluku 26,84 7,98 7,56 57,62
Maluku Utara 19,80 10,24 11,51 58,45
Papua Barat 15,30 9,19 6,44 69,07
Papua 33,54 5,94 5,36 55,16
Indonesia 11,94 12,04 15,17 60,86
Source: BPS, 2022

The results of various previous and recent surveys conducted by ADLIGHT show
that the lamps most used by households are lamps with a power of between 5 - 15 W
and more than 50% of households have used LED lamps. The average user portion
of LED lamps (CFL or LED) in households in cities is around 89%, while in villages it
is an average of 86%. The number of light points in a household is generally 5-10
points (54% of total respondents), 10-15 points (22%), and less than 5 points (14%).
35% of respondents use lamps with a power of 5 – 10 W and 35% of the total
respondents use lamps with a power of 10 – 15 W. The majority of respondents have
used 100% of LED lamps (76% of total respondents). 32% of household respondents
who use LED lamps have used these lamps for 2-4 years and around 31% of
respondents have used LED lamps for more than 4 years. The type of LED lamp
most used by households is the bulb type (90% of total respondents). LED
downlights and tube types are only used by 14% and 9% of total household
respondents, respectively. Factors that were considered in the selection of LED
lamps are the level of energy saving (59% of total respondents), price (44%), lamp
power (36%), and brand (23%). The most used lamp brand is Philips (63% of total

18
respondents). The majority of respondents buy LED lamps at electrical shops (57% of
total respondents), supermarkets (26%) and retail stores (14%). LED lamps are
generally used for up to 1 – 2 years (51% of total respondents) and 2 – 3 years (32%).
On average, the number of light points most used by government buildings is 100-
200 light points (24% of total respondents), above 600 points (17%), 200-400 points
(13%), and 80-100 points (11%). Approximately 60% of respondents have used LED
lamps 100%, while the rest use LED and non-LED lamps simultaneously. 37% of
total respondents have used LED lamps more than 4 years ago. The type of LED
lamp most used by respondents in government buildings was the bulb type (88% of
total respondents), while the downlight and TL type LED lamps each accounted for
46% of the total respondents. From the point of view of the seller/shop, consumers
are generally male (88%) and 56% of employees are male. However, a survey of
families shows that the decision about which lamp to use, including LED, is made by
both men and women, depending on who is buying the lamp, whether the husband
or wife. The following are field findings regarding decision-making in households

Chart 1. Decision Making Processess in the Households

Source: Results of Survey by Componen I

From the chart above, we found that 60% of the decision making are made by the
respondents themselves that bought the lamps (both for men and women), about
26% must be decided by the husband (regardless who buy the lamps), four percent
by the wives (regardless who buy the lamps), 1 % by parents and about 7% by other

19
considerations. In general, respondents buy LED lights in retail stores (45% of total
respondents) and suppliers/tenders (28%). About 52% of the total respondents
stated that LED lights can be used for 1-2 years. The majority of commercial
buildings surveyed had less than 20 points of light (41% of total respondents) and
about 20-40 points (16%). The lamp power used is relatively evenly distributed for
each power range, namely 5 – 10 W (16% of total respondents), 10 – 15 W (24%), 15 –
20 (28%), and 20 – 25 W (17%). 78% of respondents have used 100% of LED lamps
and only 22% of respondents have used LED and non-LED lamps. The majority of
respondents in each city have used LED lamps more than 4 years ago (42% of total
respondents). 78% of the total respondents felt a reduction in electricity usage costs
since using LED lights. The most used type of LED lamp is the bulb type (84% of
total respondents), followed by the downlight type (35%) and TL (35%). 46% of total
respondents said that they replace LED lamps every 1 – 2 years. Commercial
building respondents buy lights at retail stores (44%), supermarkets (27%),
suppliers/tenders (26%), and online shops (6%). The results of the retail shop survey
show that all respondents in 10 cities sell LED lamps, and the retail stores also sell
other types of lamps such as CFLs (45%), incandescent (24%), halogen (20%), metal
halide (12%), and mercury vapor (6%). All retail stores sell bulb type LED lamps.
Other types of LED lamps sold are downlights (73% of retail stores), TL (67%), APJ
(45%) and filament (43%). 94% of retail shops get their lights from
agents/distributors and the rest get their lights from manufacturers. The payment
mechanism is generally through the maturity mechanism (69%), pay when ordering
(37%), point of sale (4%), and other mechanisms with a credit system. Store sales
volume per month is mostly under 1,000 units (69%), and 1,000-2,000 units (20%).

Qualitative interviews done by surveyers found that some respondents complained

that a certain types of LED lamps are felt hotter and less confortable than others.
Women and the elderly that spend more time at home are more sensitive to the
qualities of the lamps.

In fact, sales of LED lamps dominate the total lamps sold by respondents, which is
at least 80% of total lamp sales per month. The most sold lamp power is 50-15 W and
5-10 W. The survey results found 120 LED lamp brands and the main brands being

20
sold is Philips (16%), Hannochs (5%), Panasonic (5%) , and In-Lite (4%). The most
sold lamp brands are Philips (46%) and Hannochs (7%). The marketing strategy is
generally through giving discounts (61%), followed by sales strategies (16%) and
higher profits (12%). Retail stores examine that consumers considering price (84%),
brand (71%), power (61%), promotions (37%), and energy-saving levels (35%) in
choosing lamps. Consumers generally ask for prices (88%), guarantees (73%), lamp
power (63%), and promotions/discounts (37%). However, from the results of
gender-related interviews with surveyors, there are still many people who buy fake
LED lights due to the cheap price, and many of these buyers are women or poor
widows.

For the public facilities, APJ operating hours are generally 6 - 12 hours per day
except for the cities of Medan, Semarang and Surabaya which are about 12 -18 hours
per day for 6 days. This time is not enough when viewed from a gender perspective
because many women and poor families usually do their activities at dawn (it's still
dark) or many are forced to work at night due to economic demands. When street
lighting is only turned on for around 6-12 hours per day, this will pose a risk to their
security and safety on the road. Moreover, for cities that only have the lighting for 6
days only, from gender perspective it could put the safety of women and children at
risks.

Furthermore, the ADLIGHT survey shows that several cities are already using 100%
LED lights, such as Banjarmasin, Jakarta, Mataram and Surabaya. The decision to
use LED lamps is usually ordered by the bosses, with the main motivation because
of the level of energy saving (80%), lamp power (50%), price (50%), and
technological features (40%). 60% of respondents stated that LED lamps could be
used for more than 3 years, 30% of respondents answered 1-2 years, and 10%
answered 2-3 years. The most widely used LED lamps are die-cast type housings,
and the color of the lamps is white (cool white). Other lamp technologies that are
still used are mercury vapor (27%), high pressure sodium (18%), CFLs (18%), metal
halide (18%), and incandescent (9%). The reasons for still using non-LED lamps
include the unaffordable price of lamps, the old non-LED lamps still can be used,
and the availability of budget. APJ lamp procurement per year is generally less than

21
3,000 units, except for procurement in Jakarta which reaches 45,000 units. APJ
purchases generally use the e-catalog system. Common brands used are Philips (50%
of respondents) and Cyclone (30%). The main factors for switching to LED lamps are
more energy efficient and guaranteed quality. Almost all respondents stated that the
use of LED lamps reduced electricity consumption and understood that there were
hazardous chemicals in the waste of non-LED lamps. Waste lamps are generally
stored for recycling as done by 30% of respondents. The results of data collection of
two marketplaces (Buka Lapak and Tokopedia) show positive growth in LED sales
for 2020 in which lamp sales above 10,000 units per month. The most purchased
lamp brands are Philips (59%), Hannochs (30%), Panasonic (5%), In-lite (3%), and
Osram (2%). The “boss factor” that determines the type and brand of lamp can be a
problem when most of the bosses or superiors are male. They will naturally make
choices based on subjective considerations including determining where to install
the lights, the number of lights used and how many hours the lights are turned on. If
things like this do not take into account the needs of women and vulnerable groups,
they will certainly cause problems.

Chart 2. Total of Lamp Units Sold

Source: CLASP & PwC as quoted by Component I ADLIGHT

From the data above, we observe that there is significant sale of the LED lamps
(71.555.374) however, most of the LED lamps are still imported (88%) while the sale

22
of the national products only 12%. If we can boost the sale of the in-country
production of LED, as envisioned by ADLIGHT, it will be very good for the
development of the national economy and empowerment of the people that with
specific interventions can be targetted for empowerment of women and marginal
groups.

From its own source of electrical energy, PLN has 82.54 million electricity customers
in 2021, an increase of 4.35% compared to 2020 where there were 79 million
customers. Out of 82.54 million customers, 75.7 million (91.71%) were PLN
customers from the household group, then 4.3 million (5.21%) PLN electricity
customers came from the business group, 1 .84 million (2.23%) came from the social
group, and 230.56 thousand (0.28%) from the government office group. In addition,
as many as 159.06 thousand (0.19%) PLN electricity customers were from the
industrial group, and 31.42 thousand (0.04%) customers from the public street
lighting (PJU) group. From these customers, PLN received income of Rp. 279.09
trillion in 2021, of which Rp. 118.14 trillion (42.33%) comes from the household
customer sector. Here again, the contribution of households/families are quite
significant.

Chart 3. PLN”s Customers

Source: datakata.co.id

23
 Table 3. Typical Gender Roles in Lighting Sphere
(from the survey of ADLIGHT dan other sources)

Activities Dominate Dominated by Done by Men Areas of Work

d by Men Women and Women
Making V Public
Lamps
Selling V Public
Lamps
Buying V Public
Lamps
Technician V Public
Installing V Public
Lamps at
Public
Choosing V Public and
Lamps private
Installing V Private
Lamps at
home

For component 1, ADLIGHT has also carried out several activities to socialize LED
to several women's organizations which include Fatayat, IWAPI, etc. Special
interventions are needed for families. Through a family approach, it is possible to
raise awareness, for example, about the importance of equal power relations
between men and women or husband and wife in the family. Some issues, for
example, about who saves the money, how families decide to buy a product (LED
lights, for example), how to make decisions within the family, and so on. In addition,
families are very vulnerable to gender based violence (GBV). This is because GBV
has many dimensions including physical, sexual, mental and economic which may
occur both in public and private (family, relationships). For the ADLIGHT
Component 1 market survey, the family unit is one of the groups surveyed and
specific questions have been developed to answer issues related to gender equality.

As discussed above, Component 1 of the ADLIGHT project focuses on the domestic

lighting industry to produce high-quality lighting/energy-saving lamps and
promotes the growth of the domestic EEL (Energy Efficient Lighting) industry. In

24
 implementing the activities, the ADLIGHT team integrates a gender perspective by
reaching out not only to decision makers/government but also the business
world/LED light manufacturers, related community groups (IWAPI, YLKI, etc.) and
the communities (families).

In addition to the government as a policy maker, the business world needs to

produce high-quality energy-saving lamps that meet the Minimum Energy
Performance Standards (SKEM) while still paying attention to issues of
strengthening gender equality and also protecting the environment. The family is
needed as a basis for growing gender awareness and empowering women.
Component 1 of the ADLIGHT project has carried out assessments and capacity
building activities that are gender responsive so that the government, the private
sector (business world/manufacturers), and families receive overall attention to
address the need for the importance of preparing capabilities for domestic LED
lighting production.

It bis needed gender responsive needs assessment and capacity building to prepare
domestic EEL producers to upgrade production facilities to produce high quality
and efficient lamps that can meet SKEM for LED lamps.

Previous studies have found that the involvement of women in the national LED
lighting industry includes their roles as workers in management and product
development, with a variety of numbers among the jobs. The issue of workers' rights
including issues of remuneration, benefits, facilities, leaves/reproductive rights, and
so on has been regulated by government regulations and the industry must comply
with them.

The following in the boxes are sharing of experience of the ADLIGHT field
surveyors, who possess dimensions of women's empowerment and gender equality

Box 1. Gender Related Surveyor Experience-Ayu, Medan

Gender Dimension-Surveyor Experience:

Ayu-Medan
During the field interviews it seemed that there were no differences based on gender, but rather based on
social class. Those who are more rich/wealthy are more difficult to interview. The problems with those who
are more economically affluent include: their house is not opened when the surveyors try to knock, bad
mood when asked or having excuses that they are very busy and cannot handle interviews.
25
Female respondents were relatively easy to find because many women/mothers stayed at home as
housewives. As surveyor, for a day usually interviewed about 20 people. The total number of households
interviewed was 430 households and they were classified according to kelurahan, per sub-district. But out of
10 households, for example, only 1-2 people use LED lights at most. Reasons for not using LED, among
 Box 2. Gender Related Surveyor Experience-Monica, Makassar

Gender Dimension-Surveyor Experience

Monika, Makasar
Those who are usually at home during the day are women and the elderly.They are usually not complaining
about the lights but about expensive of the electricity. Many of them don't want to use LEDs because they are
accustomed to use the old ones.
Those who use LEDs are usually because many sellers sell LEDs. However, many of these LED are not
original LEDs but KW or used LED lamps that cost 5 about thousand-10 thousand. In the field, there are
many other brands available outside those listed in our questionnaire. Most of these brands are not yet SNI.
Another complaint about the LED, there are respondents who say the LED is too hot. Others said the LEDs
that they bought were not guaranteed even though the buyers are the government agencies. Usually both
households and offices, they replace their lamps one by one depending on what is damaged. In Makassar itself
there are many stilt houses. Their houses are usually of corrugated iron or planks. For electricity, many people
use electricity from their neighbors and then join in the payment/pay together.
According to the people, 450 and 900 watts of electricity seem to be more expensive than 2200 watts. From
the field, there is 1 house whose occupants consist of 3-4 widows and those who are not married. They live
together, and poor however they were already using LEDs.

26
Component 2: Mechanisms for regulation and market monitoring, verification, and
enforcement
Component 2: Mechanisms for regulation and market monitoring, verification, and
enforcement

Component 2 ADLIGHT has activities related to policy formulation. The objectives

to be achieved through Component 2 of the ADLIGHT Project with respect to
gender equality, are:

i. Increased gender-balanced employment in the energy sector

ii. Both female and male staff in relevant government agencies have the
capacity to monitor, verify and enforce high-efficiency lighting systems

It is hoped that ADLIGHT activities can support the production of policies that are
gender sensitive so that they can respond to and suit the needs of all community
groups. It is important that the needs, interests and aspirations of both men and
women can be integrated and all levels of society have access to the available
information. Moreover, all people must be able to participate actively at all stages of
policy making. From Component 2 of the ADLIGHT project that examine policy, we
found that there are several things from a gender perspective that are important to
look at, including unequal power relations between women and men, norms and
attitudes based on gender roles that are inappropriate as well as toxic masculinity
that reinforces gender stereotypes. Therefore, the ADLIGHT project needs to focus
on policies and actions, along with changing attitudes and eradication of harmful
practices to address the root causes as highlighted in Component 1. For Component
2, ADLIGHT works with several organizations for policy development, lamp
standardization, customer needs etc. Data from 2019 shows that most of the
customers who buy lamps are housewives. Therefore, the needs, interests and
aspirations of women must be considered. Women and other community groups
also need good access to information, for example there are lamps that contain
mercury and can be harmful to health. Within the framework of gender-sensitive
policies, several things have been taken, including:

27
 a. ADLIGHT creates a gender balance between men and women in every
activity carried out including in policy discussions, capacity building, and so
on.
b. ADLIGHT provides training and technical assistance to all members of the
ADLIGHT team, both male and female so that they are able to integrate
gender equality in all draft policies and in development plans that are made.
c. ADLIGHT takes into account the limitations of women and other
marginalized groups and tries to pay sufficient attention to ensure equal
participation between men and women in any available activities or
opportunities.
d. ADLIGHT will bring the results of discussions, surveys, workshops and other
ADLIGHT activities into policy-making forums so that they get the attention
of policy makers.
e. To make sure that every existing forums adopting a gender sensitive
approach and ensure adequate engagement of women and marginalized
groups in society.
f. ADLIGHT provides training and technical assistance to all members of the
ADLIGHT team, both male and female so that they are able to integrate
gender equality in all draft policies and in development plans that are made.
g. ADLIGHT takes into account the limitations of women and other
marginalized groups and tries to pay sufficient attention to ensure equal
participation between men and women in any available activities or
opportunities.
h. ADLIGHT will bring the results of discussions, surveys, workshops and other
ADLIGHT activities into policy-making forums so that they get the attention
of policy makers.
i. Every existing forum will ensure that they adopt a gender sensitive approach
and ensure adequate engagement of women and marginalized groups in
society.
One of the activities carried out through Component 2 is in the form of targeted
training for Staff in the ESDM environment, ADLIGHT Team and ADLIGHT work
partners. The purpose of this training is to strengthen gender mainstreaming,

28
especially among staff at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Gender
mainstreaming has been a strategy in the ADLIGHT project design. Gender
mainstreaming is an integral strategy starting from the design, implementation,
monitoring, evaluation and reporting of policies and programs in all political,
economic and social fields so that women and men benefit equally. Gender and
Inclusion are mainstreamed in ADLIGHT program strategies and activities. Gender
equality here is defined as fairness in the distribution of resources, opportunities and
choices available to women and men, so that they have the same power to shape life
and participate in the process. In designing activities, an assessment of gender
equality and gaps (gaps) is very important. By knowing the gender dimensions and
gaps that occur, the activities carried out by the program or project are expected to
be able to fill these gaps. “Disparity” here can be defined as a situation where
distribution, access and control over resources and benefits are unequal according to
gender and social group. In relation to gender and energy issues, this training will
also look at gaps in terms of distribution, access and control over existing energy and
resource issues.

In fact, studies show that women and girls are the poorest and most vulnerable in
many societies. Especially if women and girls come from minority groups, so special
efforts or affirmative action are needed to ensure that the activities that occur are
equal and inclusive. The training of Component 2 ADLIGHT are intended that:

a. Participants understand gender and energy issues

b. Sharing experiences related to gender, energy and lighting issues
c. Collecting good practices that may have been implemented by
individuals/institutions
d. Further cooperation among the training participants
2. In particular, the training looks at:
i. How differences based on sex can lead to gender inequality and injustice
ii. Understand the gender roles that society creates for men and women and
how they impact them
iii. Access, control and ownership by women and men over existing
resources, especially related to energy and see the relationship with

29
 business/land ownership, income, resources owned by households,
family finances, decision-making, and so on. This will be used to build
awareness about the existing gender gaps and what efforts can be made to
overcome it.
iv. Strengthen the capacity of all training participants on gender and energy
issues so that they can participate in overcoming gender inequality.

The material presented in the training includes:

i. ADLIGHT program in general

ii. Overview of the ADLIGHT program
iii. Activities carried out related to gender mainstreaming
iv. Why gender issues are important in discussions related to energy and
lighting
v. That the Ministry of Women's Empowerment possess the ministry's
programs related to gender and energy issues and the cooperation that has
been established between stakeholders regarding gender and energy
issues.
The participants are also provided with explanation of the aims and objectives of the
training, learning contracts and learning methodologies that include: general
explanation of the training plan in the context of ADLIGHT, introduction of
participants, rules and agreements on the implementation of training,
Andragogy/adult learning approach.

The participants are also exposed with principles in learning with a gender equality
perspective that include:

a. Equality, openness, togetherness, active participation, empowerment,

teamwork, etc.
b. Integrate Gender equality in activity programs related to gender and
energy
c. Gender perspective: gender sensitive, gender responsive
d. Gender mainstreaming

30
 e. Gender Equality Framework: Minimum standards, Women's
empowerment, transformative actions and exercises
In the training that was held on 24 and 55 October 2022, it can be concluded that
most of the participants had not attended training on gender in the last 5 years. Out
of 21 people who took part in the initial pre-test, it turned out that the majority
(16.76%) did not know what gender mainstreaming was.

Chart 4. Participants’ Knowledge on gender mainstreaming

know

Dont know

The 5 people who claimed to know about gender mainstreaming stated that,
according to them, gender mainstreaming was:

a. Strategies that are carried out rationally and systematically to achieve gender
equality and justice
b. Means or methods to achieve gender equality
c. The development strategy for women's empowerment and its implementation
through gender equality and justice
d. Strategies that are carried out rationally and systematically to achieve gender
equality and justice in aspects of human life through policies and programs
that pay attention to the experiences, aspirations, needs and problems of
women and men to empower women and men starting from the planning,
drafting, implementation, monitoring, evaluation of all policies, programs,
activities in various fields of national and regional development life

31
 e. Strategies that are carried out rationally and systematically to achieve gender
equality and justice in aspects of human life through policies and programs
regarding the aspirations of women and men

As for the question whether you know what constitutes a gender equality issue
when discussing lighting, most of the participants said they did not know. Those
who claimed to know stated that what included gender issues in the context of
lighting/lighting included:

a. Job opportunities in the lighting sector

b. The burden of women is higher than that of men
c. Equality in social life
d. Lack of equality
e. still many perspectives that think that there is only physical work or technical
consideration in lighting (the energy sector) so that only certain genders
(men) can do it.
f. uneven lighting in regions in Indonesia
g. Opportunities in using lighting technology with LED lights are not evenly
distributed between men and women
h. Many places still do not get lighting on vulnerable spots
i. There are still many women who have not done light installations or become
technicians
j. Gender inequality is a trait that considers one gender is better than gender
k. Women have limitations
l. There are gaps in biology, psychology and cultural norms
There was a significant difference in the participants' knowledge before and after
receiving the training. After the training was carried out, all participants who filled
out the post test stated that they now knew what gender is and the importance of
gender mainstreaming. To the concept of the difference between sex (sex) and
gender, there are 13 responses that provide answers as follows:

a. Sex is gender (male and female) since birth and according to nature.
Temporary

32
b. Gender is a non-biological difference that comes from environmental
influences, habits and can be changed.
c. Sex is influenced by biological factors while gender is influenced by the
environment.
d. Gender is the difference in physical form between women and men or that
has become natural and cannot be changed. Gender is more about the
characteristics, roles, functions and status of a person and can be changed
according to the surrounding environment.
e. The difference is that sex is gender, while gender is more about the
recognition of whether he is a man or a woman
f. Sex is a sex difference that is brought from birth. Sex distinguishes women
and men based on the reproductive organs which are God's creation and
cannot be exchanged. For example, women have ovaries and men have
sperm. Gender is the differentiation of roles based on functions, status and
responsibilities between women and men in social life.
g. The division of roles between women and men can be exchanged. Examples
in the household; washing, cooking, babysitting, sweeping can also be done
by men. While examples in public spaces; school/madrasah heads, village
heads, RT/RW heads can also be held by women. The head of the OSIS, the
head of Karang Taruna or organizations that have been synonymous with
men can also be carried out by women.
h. Gender is a biological trait from birth, while gender is a distinction in roles,
attitudes that grow and develop in society.
i. Sex is gender (male and female) since birth and according to nature.
Temporary
j. Gender is a non-biological difference that comes from environmental
influences, habits and can be changed.
k. Sex is a biological difference between women and men that is innate and is
universal, cannot be changed (has become nature). Gender is the difference
between women and men non-biologically and is influenced by the
environment, habits, can change (not nature).

33
 l. Sex is a biological difference between men and women or reproductive organs
that exist from birth and cannot be changed naturally. Gender is the
distinction between women and men based on the nature, roles and positions
of women and men which are made by society for generations, influenced by
local culture, beliefs, religious interpretations, politics, the education system,
the economy and others.
m. Sex is the biological difference between men and women, while gender is the
characteristics of men and women that are formed in society.

As for the question what is meant by gender equality? There were 13 responses, with
the answers as follows:

a. Equality of men and women to obtain the same rights and opportunities
b. Provide equal opportunity to both women and men.
c. The definition of gender equality refers to an equal condition between men
and women in fulfilling rights and obligations
d. Gender equality is that both men and women are considered capable of
coping with and completing a job as long as they are competent
e. An equal condition between men and women in fulfilling rights and
obligations
f. Gender equality is the view that all people should receive equal treatment
and not be discriminated against based on their natural gender identity.
g. This issue is one of the goals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by
the United Nations which seeks to create equality in the social and legal
fields, such as in democratic activities and ensure equal access to work and
equal pay.
h. In practice, the goal of gender equality is for everyone to receive equal and
fair treatment in society, not only in politics, at work, or in areas related to
certain policies.
i. An equal condition between women and men in fulfilling their rights and
obligations as human beings in Poleksosbudhankam activities and enjoying
the results of development

34
 j. Gender equality is a condition of equal access to resources and opportunities
regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making;
and the state of respecting different behaviours, aspirations and needs
equally, regardless of gender.
k. Gender equality is the equality of rights in all basic things for every human
being between men and humans.
Out of the 13 people who took part in the post-test, it turned out that only 1 person
still did not have a comprehensive understanding of gender mainstreaming, while
the remaining 12 people stated that after attending the training they had a clear
understanding of gender mainstreaming.

Chart 5. Participants’ comprehension on the gender training provided by

ADLIGHT

still not
under-
sntad (1)
under-
stand af-
ter train-
ing (12)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

For the question as far as you know, how do you identify the gender gap (gender
issue) in the energy sector? There were 13 responses, with the answers as follows:

a. It can be seen from the 30% number of women working in a directorate in the
energy sector by conducting interviews
b. The implementation of gender equality can be started by instilling the values
of equality in every activity and pattern of relationships between family
members, such as understanding each other's differences and needs and being
able to provide equal opportunities without discriminating between gender
roles among family members.
c. Gender gap and issues in the energy sector
d. By mapping needs, access and benefits

35
e. It can be seen from equality in getting access, opportunity, process and
control and in receiving benefits through the Gender Analysis Pathway
(gender gap) and issues in the energy sector by mapping needs, access and
benefits.
f. By conducting a gender analysis, one of them is by identifying existing
gender issues, especially in the energy sector by using existing tools and
development. One of them is by using Harvard, Moser, and Longwe analysis.
Disaggregated data is urgently needed and the minimum proportion
standard for women of 30% must be met
g. Analyze whether in a program in the energy sector there is a gap (gap)
between men and women related to: Participation, Access, Control, Benefits
h. by making a survey of what activities are mostly carried out by groups of men
and groups of women who use energy.
i. As for the question, if you know, please explain what is meant by PUG
(Gender Mainstreaming)? There are 13 answers with the following variations:
j. Providing equal opportunities for both men and women to work
k. Gender mainstreaming is a strategy that must be carried out to integrate a
gender perspective in work programs, how do we incorporate it into policies,
programs in our work environment.
l. Everything or a work plan that also prioritizes the element of gender
m. Gender Mainstreaming is a strategy to realize gender equality and justice
through policies and programs that pay attention to the experiences,
aspirations, needs and problems of women and men in all development in
various fields of life, from the planning stage, to policy formulation
n. Development strategies, experiences, aspirations, needs and interests of men
and women in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
all policies, food and activities in the development sector
o. Participants’s understanding on gender mainstreaming:
p. Gender mainstreaming/PUG is a process that incorporates gender analysis
into every program and activity of government agencies and community
organizations

36
 q. PUG is a strategy implemented to achieve gender equality in development,
experience, aspirations, needs and interests of women and men in planning,
implementing, monitoring and evaluating all policies, programs,
implementation and activities in the field of development
r. Gender Mainstreaming is a development strategy that is carried out by
integrating the experiences, aspirations, needs and interests of women and
men into the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all
policies, programs and activities in the field of development.
s. PUG is a series of strategies to integrate a gender perspective in the
development of institutions, policies and work programs, including planning,
implementation of policies/programs, as well as monitoring and evaluation
t. Is a strategy that is carried out rationally and systematically to achieve gender
equality and justice in aspects of human life through policies and programs
that pay attention to the experiences, aspirations, needs and problems of
women and men to empower starting from the planning, preparation,
implementation, monitoring, evaluation stages of all policies, programs,
activities in various fields of national and regional development life.

In addition to the implementation of training, a MODULE on Gender and Energy

has also been developed. In separate file we attached the draft module that we
developed.

Component 3: New business models and increased awareness for penetration of

high-efficiency lighting technologies

Component 3 implements awareness-raising, promotion of programs and

information systems that explain the benefits of high-quality energy-saving lighting
technologies and taking gender-specific aspects into account in developing and
implementing such programs.

The objectives to be achieved through Component 3 of the ADLIGHT Project are:

i. Increased gender-balanced in employment in the energy sector

ii. Equal participation of women and men in the stakeholder consultation
meeting on the installation of the EEL system in the pilot area

37
iii. Women and men in the pilot areas benefit from EEL technology equally
iv. Women and men have equal access to knowledge about energy efficient
lighting technology and its benefits
Activities carried out by ADLIGHT Component 3 include:

i. Development of a gender responsive EEL awareness raising and promotion

program on the benefits of high quality LED lighting
ii. Development and implementation of information support network systems,
databases and websites regarding the distribution, sales and performance of
EEL products in the market for various consumer groups
iii. Component 3 has worked with local agencies on street lighting issues. Several
issues related to gender that have been considered by the ADLIGHT project
include:
iv. That women are very vulnerable to sexual violence including rape, so the
issue of street lighting becomes very important.
v. Collaboration with local stakeholders who care about gender is needed so
that the policies and programs of existing agencies can be monitored in the
long term/sustainably.
All results related to gender equality that have been achieved by ADLIGHT to date
will be strengthened by capacity building activities in the form of training. Training
related to gender and energy issues and specifically looking at the issue of lighting.

Key questions have been prepared that will be asked by the Component 3 team
when they go to the field. Key Gender and Women's Empowerment Questions that
we developed for Component 3 are as follows:

Table 4. Key Gender and Women's Empowerment Questions for Component 3

NO. Question
1 What are the lamps/lighting normally used by women, men and
children?
2 What are the criteria(s) for lights/lighting needed by women, men and
children?
3 Have the families/offices/institutions interviewed used LED lights?

4 How much do the interviewed families/offices/institutions usually spend

on lights and electricity per month?

38
5
Who usually decides which lamp is used by the interviewed
family/office/institution?

6 Do the LED lights on the market have met the needs and aspirations of
women, children and marginalized groups?
7 What brands of the LED lamps are on the market? Why do people choose
this LED light brand(s)?
8
What are the lamps/lighting used for by women, men and children?
9 What lamps/lighting can women have access to? At home, in the
community, in a public area?

10 Are you satisfied with the quality of the lamps that you are using at this
time?
11
Regarding lights in public places, do you know which agency
decided/how it was decided?
12 Do you know which public points/places that need to be provided with
public lighting?
13. Is the existing lighting facilities can provide the feel of security?
14. Are there other locations that also need lighting?
14 How lamps/lighting may empower women?
16 How can light/lighting generate income for women?
17 Are there any organizations or projects in the area working on energy,
electricity or lighting issues?
18 Is there anything else that needs to be known regarding gender issues and
the empowerment of women, children and marginalized group?

********

39
 V. Conclusion
ADLIGHT integrates gender perspective in all stages of the project, from planning,
implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting. ADLIGHT ensures that
women and men have equal opportunities and access and benefits from all existing
resources, including the lighting by using LED lamps.

Gender strategies and analysis have been carried out since the beginning of program
implementation to understand issues, gaps and gender dynamics in areas related to
the scopes of the ADLIGHT program so that gender responsive plans and activities
can then be developed.

For Component 1, the active participation of women and men in market surveys is
implemented, among others by creating survey tools that are gender sensitive and
responsive. In total, the ratio of the sex composition between male and female

40
respondents for market surveys is 50:50. In addition, all existing questions are
confirmed to be gender sensitive.

For Component 2, ADLIGHT’s activities support the production of policies that are
gender sensitive so that they can respond to and suit the needs of all community
groups. It is important that the needs, interests and aspirations of both men and
women can be integrated. Moreover, all levels of society must have access to the
available information and can participate actively at all stages of policy making.

For Component 3, ADLIGHT implements awareness-raising, promotion of programs

and information systems that explain the benefits of high-quality energy-saving
lighting technologies and taking gender-specific aspects into account in developing
and implementing the programs. The household as a concern in the ADLIGHT
project is an important unit of analysis for measuring energy equity. Including here,
it is important to look at energy access to female headed households. The household
as a concern in the ADLIGHT project is an important unit of analysis for measuring
energy use and household/family dynamics in various household activities
including in terms of decision making.

Consideration of GEDSI (Gender, disability & Social inclusion)-friendly, concerning

access, participation, control and benefits of resources is essential to achieve gender
equality and women’s empowerment in the development projects and activities.

41
VI. Recommendation

1. All stakeholders of the lighting related issues must take parts to promote
gender equality and women’s empowerment
2. All development projects carried out by the government and development
agencies have to consider gender equality considerations at all stages of the
program/projects
3. Understanding on the different interests, needs and aspirations of women
and men are essential and need to be implemented well accordingly
4. Transformation at the policy and regulation’s levels with regards to the
issues gender and energy need to be paid serious attention by the respective
institutions
5. To ensure the sustainability of the project, solid collaboration among the
government, private sector, NGOs and communities need to be strengthen.

42
 The existance of gender focal points and representatives need to be
supported and maintained.

VII. References

1. Https://web.pln.co.id/statics/uploads/2022/08/Statistik-PLN-2021-29-7-22-
Final.pdf

2. https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2019/03/24/2050/persentase-rumah-
tangga-menurut-provinsi-dan-banyaknya-lampu-hemat-energi-yang-
terpasang-di-rumah-2017.html
3. datakata.co.id
4. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/03/30/91-pelanggan-
listrik-pln-adalah-kelompok-rumah-tangga#:~:text=Adapun%20pada
%202021%20sebanyak%2075,berasal%20dari%20kelompok%20rumah
%20tangga.&text=Kemudian%204%2C3%20juta%20(5,dari%20kelompok
%20gedung%20kantor%20pemerintah

43
ANNEXES
1. List of Survey’s respondents based on sex/gender

Households

N Sex/ Numbe
Percentage
o Gender r

1 Perempuan 2280 53%

2 Laki-Laki 2020 47%

Total 4300 100%

Respondents of the Commercial Buildings

44
 N
Sex/gender Number Percentage
o

1 Perempuan 65 35%

2 Laki-Laki 123 65%

Total 188 100%

Respondents of Government’s Offices

No
Gender Number Percentage
.

1 Perempuan 18 20%

2 Laki-Laki 72 80%

Total 90 100%

Responde
nts for
Public
Lighting/
Facilities
Sex/
Perce
No Gende Number
ntage
r

Perem
1 puan 4 40%

Laki-
2 Laki 6 60%

Total 10 100%

Respondents of Retail Shops

45
 Sex/
Perce
No Gende Number
ntage
r

Perem
1 puan 24 47%

Laki-
2 Laki 27 53%

Total 51 100%

2. Summary of Activities Implemented by Component 2 ADLIGHT

Title Objective Date Venue Participants Remark

Formulation of Formulation draft for 31 January Aston Bogor - technical working brainstormin
the Ministry of LED MEPS and Labels: 2022 Hotel and group (TWG) g, first legal
Energy and a) discussing, providing Resort, - 28 people, consist of draft of

46
Mineral input and opinions, and Bogor, West 20 male (M) and 8 MEPS
Resources formulating the concept Java women (F)
Concept on of a Ministerial Decree;
MEPS and b) preparing the concept 7– 8 Swiss-Belinn - TWG: day one 25 continuation
Labels for LED of a Ministerial Decree March Hotel, Bogor, people (21 M 4 F),
Lights on minimum energy 2022 West Java - day two 21 people (17
performance standards M, 4 F)
and energy-saving 30–31 Aston Bogor - TWG: day one 28 finalization
marking labels for LED March Hotel and people (21 M 7 F)
Lamps. 2022 Resort, Bogor, - day two 18 people (15
West Java M, 3 F)
17-Okt-22 Hotel 112 participants (112 socialization
Bidakara Female), female NGO on the
Jalan Jend. and retailer implementat
Gatot Subroto organization ion of MEPS
Kav. 71-73, policy and
Jakarta labels for
LED lamps

Assessing of a. Follow-up on TKDN 24–25 Santika Bogor - 17 people from 12 western

TKDN for 20 socialization activities February Botani Square companies region, 12
national and recommendations 2022 Hotel, Bogor, - total of 44 companies
manufacturers: from the National West Java participants
- Technical Industrial Development participants (36 M and
Training on study with increasing the 8 F).
Calculating value of TKDN in 2021.
National b. Providing a deeper 15–16 Four Points - 19 people from 8 eastern
Content understanding and seft March Hotel by companies and region, 8
(TKDN) Values assessment of TDKN to 2022 Sheraton, representatives from companies
- TKDN the LED light industry. Surabaya, East the Directorate of
Certification c. Assisting the TKDN Java Energy Conservation
support for calculation process refers (DEC)
national to the Regulation of the - total of 19
products Minister of Industry participants (11 M, 8 F).
Number 22 of 2020 12-15 Juli Bandung, CV 3 persons, 2 F, 1 M traveling
concerning the 2022 Sentosa
calculation of TKDN for Electric
Electronic and
Telematics Products. 19-22 Juli Surabaya, PT 3 persons M traveling
d. Prepare the process for 2022 SAR dan PT.
obtaining TKDN LS
certificate.
31 August Bogor, PT 3 persons M traveling
- 2 Sept Honoris
Industry
Instalation of Delivery LED to Cepu 22-Mar-22 Jakarta to 35 packages by TIKI
LED for Site Cepu forwarder
depreciation
illuminance Carry out of coordination 17 - 19 Center for - total 6 person traveling

47
 activities, mapping, May 2022 Human - 1 ADLIGHT, 4 DEC, 1
baseline data collection Resources PPSDM Migas
and LED (street lighting) Development
installation plans of Oil and Gas
(PPSDM
MIGAS) at
Cepu Sub
District, Midle
Java
Carrying out preparation 18 - 21 Center for - total 5 person
and assistance in the June 2022 Human - 1 ADLIGHT male, 4
installation of LED Resources DEC male
Street Lighting (PJU) Development
lamps and illumination of Oil and Gas
measurements (PPSDM
test at Cepu MIGAS) at
Site Cepu Sub
District, Midle
Java
crane and the facility 18 - 21 Center for
rental for street lighting June 2022 Human
installation Resources
Development
of Oil and Gas
(PPSDM
MIGAS) at
Cepu Sub
District, Midle
Java
Testing of - March Jakarta - 67 LED bulb
samples of procurement/purchasing 2022
low-price, low- of LED bulb samples in
quality LED the free market
from the
market - testing March 18, Bogor (MEMR - 67 LED bulb - additional
2022 Research data to
Center) support
formulating
of
Ministerial
Decree
Mid-Term On site visit to testing April 14, Tangerang 5 Participants traveling
Review (MTR) laboratorium by MTR 2022 Regency (PT.
National Evaluator Qualis
Consultant in Indonesia: Laboratory)
• conducting interviews and Bogor
using an agenda Regency
prepared by the (MEMR
International Evaluator; Research
• processing information

48
 that answers questions Center)
asked by International
Evaluator
Study, Law enforcement for 29-30 June HARRIS Hotel 25 participants (17
formulate and implementing MEPS 2022 & male, 8 female)
endorsement of policy: FGD the roles and Conventions,
market control responsibilities of Bekasi
procedure ministries and agencies Regency
related to in supervising circulating
institutional goods for standard
framework implementation (SKEM)
Completed Tutorial video for Jun-22 Jakarta Individual Consultant
capacity performance testing
development
program for
lamp testing
laboratory
personnel on
LED testing
-Re-evaluation FGD for Certification 2 – 3 Swiss-Belinn 2 August, 29
the existing Body (LSPro) and August Hotel Bogor participants ( 23 male, 6
and propose Laboratory readiness for 2022 Jalan Pajajaran female) + 5 participants
for lab LED Product MEPS Indah V, online (3 male, 2
certification Certification Baranangsiang female)
-LsPro Bogor 3 August 2022, 21
procedure and participants (13 male, 8
certification/R female) + 2 participants
e-evaluation male online.
for LED
products Workshop for LSPro 4-7 - Novotel 5 Okt, 35 participants
Personnel Capacity Oktober Hotel, ( 26 male, 9 female)
Building for LED 2022 Tangerang 6 Okt 2022, 31
Product SKEM - PT. Qualis participants (25 male, 6
Certification Laboratory, female)
Tangerang 7 Okt 2022, 38
participants (31 male, 7
female)
Waste policy Visits/surveys of 23-Agust- Bogor, PT. 5 participat, 3 traveling
and electronic waste 22 PPLI participants female
management: treatment facility (for (consultant team), 1
- Disposal and lighting), PPLI, Bogor male ADLIGHT, 1 male
recycling DEC
strategies (act.
2.2.2 and 2.2.3) FGD for E-waste 20-21 Swiss-Belinn, 20 Sept, 31 participants
- Procedure management, policy and September Bogor ( 21 male, 10 female)
and implementation and 2022 21 Sept 2022, 33
management of mercury from the lamp participants (22 male,
LED products 11 female)
waste (act. 2.2.2
and 2.2.3)

49
- Training
(2.4.5)
Regulatory Formulation of 8 - 9 HARRIS Hotel 8 Sept, 24 participants
mechanisms mitigation calculation September & ( 15 male, 9 female)
for efficient methodology for the 2022 Conventions 9 Sept 2022, 22
lighting LED light MEPS policy Bekasi, Jalan participants (13 male, 9
monitoring, impact on GHG Raya Bulevar female)
verification mitigation Ahmad Yani,
and Summarecon
enforcement
(MVE)
including
testing
standard
defined and
implemented
by relevant
agencies at the
national and
local levels
Gender Gender training within 24-25 HARRIS Hotel 24 Oct, 41 participants
mainstreaming the Ministry of Energy October & ( 18 male, 23 female)
and Mineral 2022 Conventions 25 Oct 2022, 33
Resourcesgender Bekasi, Jalan participants (13 male,
training within the Raya Bulevar 20 female)
Ministry of Energy and Ahmad Yani,
Mineral Resources Summarecon
Gender report 02-Des-22 DGNRE&EC 2 Dec, 6 participants ( 3
presentation Building male, 3 female)
Guideline Online meeting to 22-Sep-22 DGNRE&EC 22 Sept, xx participants
public discuss the preparation Building ( xx male, xx female)
procurement of procurement
addressing to guidelines
MEPS
requirement Workshop on the 20-21 The Luxton 20 Okt, 17 participants (
preparation of October Jl. Ir. H. 12 male, 5 female)
procurement guidelines 2022 Juanda No.18, 21 Okt 2022, 22
and microsite system Bandung participants (15 male, 7
link with ecatalog system female), 22 Oct 2022 18
participants (13 male, 5
female)
International Technical training for 22 - 25 EEI Bangkok 22-25 November 2022,
tour for LED testing at EEI November Thailand (10 participants ( 8
laboratory Bangkok Thailand 2022 male, 2 female)
personel and
policy maker

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