REVGO Printable Flashcards (BT3) - Alvaro Cabanting JR For Print

Answer: A box nail is very similar to a common Answer: A casing nail is a nail having a small
nail having a flat head and a diamond point. It is conical head and a shank more slender than a
also available in same lengths with common nails. common nail of the same length, used in finish
However, the shank is more slender. work in which the head may remain visible.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A cut nail is a nail having a tapering Answer: A wire nail is a broad category of nails
rectangular shank with a blunt point, made by that is made by cutting and shaping a piece of
cutting from a rolled sheet of iron or steel. round or elliptical wire. Most modern nails used
are wire nails. This image shows a common nail
that is characterized by a slender round shank, a
flat head and a diamond point.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A double-headed nail, form nail, Answer: A concrete nail or masonry nail is a
scaffold nail or duplex nail is a used for hardened-steel nail having a fluted or threaded
temporary structures such as scaffolding and shank and a diamond point for hammering into
formworks. It has additional flange to prevent it concrete or masonry.
from being driven in all the way and to leave the
head for pulling.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A finishing nail is a nail having a slender Answer: A brad nail is a smaller version of a
shank and a small, barrel-shaped head that is finishing nail. It has a barrel-shaped head like
driven slightly below the surface and covered with finishing nails. Brad nail uses include decorative
putty or the like. trim, picture frames, paneling, birdhouses, narrow
trim around windows or doors, shoe moulding,
quarter-round moulding and other thin cuts of
wood.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A cut floor brad is a cut nail is a long Answer: A ring-shank nail or annular ring nail
and thin nail that is used for fixing down tongue- is a type of nail having a series of concentric
and-groove floorboards. The thin shape prevents grooves on its shank for increased holding power.
the boards from splitting.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAIL
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A spiral flooring nail is a nail for Answer: A cut flooring nail is basically an old
fastening floor boards, having a small conical type of cut nail that is used for fastening
head, a spirally deformed shank and a blunt floorboards. This is no longer used in modern
diamond point. flooring construction.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A driftbolt or driftpin is a type of heavy Answer: A corrugated fastener or wiggle nail is
nail (spike) with a round shank, driven into a metal fastener consisting of a piece of
predrilled holes to fasten heavy timbers together. corrugated sheet steel with one wavy edge
sharpened, used for uniting two pieces of wood,
as in a miter joint.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A roofing nail comes in different forms and is Answer: A drive screw or screw nail is a metal
generally used for fasten roofing assemblies. It can have a fastener having a helically threaded shank that
barbed, threaded, twisted or cement-coated shank. Its
can be driven with a hammer and removed with a
head is relatively broader than other types of nails which
can be flat for fastening shingles and umbrella-shaped for screwdriver. Its head is thicker than a typical
galvanized iron roofing. Short roofing nails are called clout screw to allow being hammered.
nails.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A plastic-headed nail or cap nail Answer: Escutcheon nails, escutcheon pins or
consists of a metal shaft with colored plastic escutcheon tacks are short nails with round smooth
shank, diamond point and an oval head. These nails are
heads. This type of nail is used for putting up
considered decorative nails and plated with brass or
soffits and fascias. copper. These are used for fastening escutcheons, label-
card holders and other decorative surface hardware to
wood surfaces.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A tack is a very short nail and has a flat, Answer: A sprig or glazing sprig is a headless nail
wide head that is often used for repairing that is used to hold glass in window panes before
floorboards, fixing carpets and stretching fabric putty can be applied.
onto a piece of wood.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A staple or staple nail is a U-shaped Answer: A drawing pin or thumb tack is a short
piece of metal or heavy wire with pointed ends, nail or pin used to fasten items to a wall or board
driven into a surface to secure sheet material or for display and intended to be inserted by hand,
to hold a hasp, pin or bolt. usually using the thumb. A variety of names are
used to refer to different designs intended for
various purposes.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Upholstery nails are nails with short Answer: A barrel drift pin is a heavy metal
shaft with various types of decorative heads (most fastener is used for enlarging holes or aligning
commonly rounded) for fixing fabric to wood in holes prior to riveting or bolting. It can also used
upholstery projects. to fasten heavy timber together.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A machine screw or machine bolt is a Answer: A socket screw or cap screw is a metal
type of metal fastener used with a nut or driven fastener for machine parts, having a straight,
into a tapped whole having a straight, threaded threaded shank held by threads tapped in the hole
shank and a slotted or Philipps head for turning into which it is screwed. It is characterized by thick
with a screwdriver. Since it is not tapered and wide head with a flat bottom that has an allen or
functions with a nut, it is also considered as a bolt. hexagonal slot.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A stub nail or metal lath nail is a short Answer: A wood screw is a metal screw with a
nail that is designed for securing metal lath to a sharp point designed to attach two pieces of wood
surface. together. It is available in flat, pan or oval heads.
Unlike other screws, it has a partially unthreaded
shank below the head.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A self-drilling screw is basically a screw Answer: A setscrew or grub screw is a screw
with a drill point or tip. It is also a self-tapping that has no head and is threaded through a hole
screw because it can drill a hole and form the in one part tightly upon or into another part to
mating threads in one operation. It is locally prevent relative movement.
tek screw

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A lag screw or coach screw is a heavy, Answer: A self-tapping screw comes in different
coarse-threaded screw having a square or lengths and head shapes. This type of screws drills
hexagonal head driven by a wrench, used in areas their own holes when screwed into materials such
inaccessible to the placement of a nut or where an as wood, plastic and metal. It is characterized by a
exceptionally long bolt would be needed to helical thread that reaches its pointed tip. It can
penetrate a joint fully. also be called as tapping screw or sheet metal
screw.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A mating screw and a sex bolt are two Answer: A drywall screw or locally known as
components of a mating fastener. The sex bolt is black screw
the internally threaded (female) component while fastening drywalls or gypsum boards on wood and
the mating screw has a plain shoulder and a metal studs. It may look similar to a typical wood
threaded shank (male) that goes into the sex bolt. screw but drywall screws are typically black due to
phosphate coating that prevents rust.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A thumb screw is a screw that has a Answer: A screw eye is a screw with a ring-
flattened knurled head designed to be turned by shaped head or loop. It is commonly used to
the thumb and forefinger. attach cables or wire to objects and surfaces. The
loop can be forged or bent.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A mirror screw is type of decorative or Answer: A binding screw is made of two pieces
exposed screw that is typically used for fastening (male and female). Unlike mating screw and sex
mirrors. Its head is specially designed for a bolt, binding screws are typically shorter and used
decorative dome that can be screwed into the for binding thin components such as books.
head to cover it.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A concrete screw is a special type of Answer: A double-ended screw or dowel screw
screw designed for securing medium to high load is a headless screw with two threaded ends. This
applications into concrete, solid brick or stones. It is typically used for making hidden joints between
is typically blue-colored due to its anti-corrosion two pieces of wood objects.
coating.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A slotted screw drive has a single Answer: A posidriv is an improved version of
horizontal indentation in the screw head. It can be Philipps screw drive. It has additional set of radial
fastened using a flat-blade or common blade indentations (tick marks) set at 45-degrees from
screwdriver. the main cross recess on the head of the screw.
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SCREW DRIVE

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A flat hanger screw or hanger screw is Answer: A Philipps screw drive is one of the
a type of screw used to suspend objects from or most common type of screw drive or head. It has
attach items to wood. It has a flattened end with a cross-shaped recess in its head.
hole to support suspended load.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An allen or hex screw drive is Answer: A square screw drive or Robertson
characterized by a hexagonal recess and may be drive is characterized by a square-shaped recess
driven by an Allen wrench or hex key. Tamper- on the screw head. Because of its durability,
proof versions with pin on its center are also square head screws are commonly found in
available. automotive and furniture industries.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A torx screw drive or star drive is Answer: A security torx drive or tamper-proof
characterized by a rounded-off six-pointed star torx drive is a special variation of a torx screw
recess. It was designed to permit increased torque drive. It has an additional pin on the center of the
transfer from the driver to the bit compared to head which requires a special type of torx
other drive systems. screwdriver to tighten or loosen.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A machine bolt is a bolt with a flat Answer: An elevator bolt is a bolt with a flat, plain or
bearing surface and a square or hexagonal head countersunk head which holds the bolt in place when
tightened. Elevator bolts are designed hold together
for turning with a wrench.
canvas belts used in grain elevators and other conveyer
systems. The large diameter of the head and square neck
creates a greater bearing surface to keep the bolt from
going through the soft conveyor material.
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BOLT

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A spanner screw drive or also known as Answer: A carriage bolt is a bolt with a rounded
or snake eyes is a type of security and head, a flat bearing surface and a square shoulder
tamper-resistant screw drive that is characterized for preventing rotation, used where the head may
by a flat head with two rounded holes on be inaccessible during tightening.
opposing ends of the head.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A hex bolt is a type of bolt with Answer: A huck bolt is a special variation of a
hexagonal head and a hexagonal nut. bolt with two components that uses metal-on-
metal contact to secure it in place as a permanent
bond. It consists of a threaded pin and a collar
made of slightly softer material.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A flange bolt, arbor bolt or frame bolt Answer: Hanger bolts are headless bolts with lag
is a fastener that features a skirt or flange or wood screw threads at one end while machine
extending outwards from the head in a 360 threads at the other. Hanger bolts are mostly used
degrees angle. This type of bolt distributes the for wood to metal bolting purpose.
bearing load using the flange on the undercut of
the head.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A stud bolt or double-end bolt is Answer: A T-headed bolt or tee bolt is a bolt
composed of a fully threaded or partially threaded with a T-shaped head which can be gripped by a
rod secured by two mating nuts at both ends. It is wrench and can fit into a slot with ease. T-bolts
designed to be screwed permanently into a fixed are used in applications such as securing fuel
part at one end and to receive a nut on the other. tanks in place where having access to both sides
of the fastener may not be possible in all cases.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A lag bolt looks similar to a machine bolt Answer: A plow bolt is a bolt with a countersunk,
but it has a sturdier shank and usually used to flat or dome head, along with a square neck and a
connect heavy lumber or other heavy materials unified thread pitch. This type of bolt is commonly
that are bearing an intense load. Most of the time, used in construction tools and other devices due
lag bolt and lag screws are interchangeably used. to its durability.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: J-bolts are J-shaped fasteners that are Answer: A U-bolt is a bolt in the shape of the
threaded on the flat side. They are often used in letter U with screw threads on both ends. U-bolts
structural applications like securing walls to have primarily been used to support pipework,
concrete foundations. The bent end hooks around pipes through which fluids and gasses pass.
rebar for support, and may be cast in concrete for
use as an anchor bolt.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF BOLT

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A stove bolt is a bolt with a round or flat Answer: Shoulder bolts , shoulder screws or stripper
slotted head and a square nut, resembling a bolts are machine screws with a shoulder between the
thread of the screw and the head of the part. Once
machine screw but usually having coarser threads
installed, the non-threaded portion extends out of the
and used for joining metal parts. surface of the application site, allowing the bolts to act as
dowels or shafts for moving parts. They can be installed by
hand or with a socket (Allen) driver.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A blind bolt consists of three things, a steel pin, a Answer: A wing bolt or butterfly bolt is a bolt
collar and a sleeve. When tightening the blind bolt, the having a head like a wing nut that is designed to
collar creates a pressure that collapses the expander on
be operated by hand.
the blindside while the sleeve collapses to create a seal in
the visible side of the blind bolt. It is used to create a
fastening from one side through pre-drilled holes without
having to access the other side to complete the lock.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A bent bolt, L-bolt or 90-degree bolt Answer: An eye bolt is a type of bolt that has a
has a right-angle end without a head. Bent bolts ring-shaped or loop head that receives a hook or
are used in a variety of industries, including rope. The loop can be bent or forged.
waterworks, steel fabrication, metal building, and
other special kinds of work.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A flat or plain washer is a flat annulus Answer: A fender washer is an oversized flat
or ring, often of metal, used to spread the load of washer that is used further distribute load
a screwed fastening. Washers are used to increase especially on soft materials. The outer diameter is
relatively larger than the hole diameter.
the surface pressure applied on the fastened
object.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF WASHER

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A clevis fastener is a three-piece fastener system Answer: A turnbuckle, stretching screw or bottlescrew
consisting of a clevis, clevis pin, and tang. The clevis is a U- is a device for adjusting the tension or length of ropes,
shaped piece that has holes at the end of the prongs to cables, tie rods, and other tensioning systems. It normally
accept the clevis pin. The clevis pin is similar to a bolt, but consists of two threaded eye bolts or hook bolt, one
is either partially threaded or is unthreaded with a cross- screwed into each end of a small metal frame, one with a
hole for a split pin. left-hand thread and the other with a right-hand thread.
IDENTIFY THIS FASTENER
IDENTIFY THIS FASTENER

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A rubber washer is a ring made of Answer: Hex nuts are one of the most common
rubber used in mechanical devices. It is used to nuts available and are used with anchors, bolts,
prevent vibration from spreading from one part to screws, studs, threaded rods and on any other
another, reducing the noise levels. It can also be fastener that has machine screw threads. Hex is
used to seal connections such as in plumbing and short for hexagon, which means they have six
HVAC. sides.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NUT

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A locker washer is a washer specially Answer: Load-indicating washers are special structural
constructed to prevent a nut from shaking loose. washers that are used to develop the correct tension when
installing structural bolts. It has small projections that are
It includes the split lock, external tooth lock and
progressively flattened as a bolt is tightened, the gap
internal tooth lock. between the head or nut and the washer indicating the
tension in the bolt.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A castellated nut or castle nut is a nut Answer: A square nut is a four-sided nut.
having radial slits on its outer face to allow a Compared to standard hex nuts, square nuts have
locking pin or wire to be inserted in both the nut a greater surface in contact with the part being
and a hole in its bolt. fastened, and therefore provide greater resistance
to loosening (though also greater resistance to
tightening).

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A wingnut, wing nut or butterfly nut is Answer: A locknut, also known as a lock nut, locking nut,
a type of nut with two large metal "wings", one on self-locking nut, prevailing torque nut, stiff nut or
elastic stop nut, is a nut that resists loosening under
each side, so it can be easily tightened and
vibrations and torque. There are many types of lock nut
loosened by hand without tools. but they can be broadly divided into those which use
friction to prevent loosening and those that have some
form of positive locking device.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A cast-in-place anchor bolt is a broad type of Answer: Drop-in anchors are female concrete anchors
anchor bolt with various forms and is designed to be designed for anchoring into concrete. It is dropped or
placed in position before the concrete is poured. It is the inserted in a drilled hole and hammered with a setting tool
opposite of post-installed anchor bolts that require anchor which locks the anchor within the concrete hole. With its
holes for fastening. Since cast-in-place anchor bolts are internal threads, objects can be fastened to the concrete
typically used for foundations, most of them are also surface.
considered as foundation anchor bolts.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A cap nut or acorn nut is a nut having a Answer: A lewis bolt is an old type of anchor bolt having a
hexagonal base and a domed top to cover the wedge-shaped end around which concrete or lead is
poured to hold it. The image shows an old three-legged
threaded end of a screw or bolt.
lewis, dovetailed lewis, or Wilson bolt. A
lewis bolt can also broadly refer to bolt with wedged ends
that secure the bolt to the concrete such as expansion
bolts.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An expansion shield or expansion Answer: A toggle bolt is an anchor bolt having
sleeve is a metallic or plastic sleeve inserted into a two hinged wings that close against a spring when
predrilled hole and expanded by driving a bolt or passing through a predrilled hole and open as
screw into it. they emerge to engage the inner surface of a
hollow wall.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An expansion bolt is an anchor bolt Answer: A Molly bolt is a trademark for a brand
having a split casing that expands mechanically to of expansion bolt having a split, sleevelike sheath
engage the sides of a hole drilled in masonry or so that turning the bolt draws the ends of the
concrete. sheath together and spreads the sides to engage a
hole drilled in masonry or the inner surface of a
hollow wall.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Hammer drive anchors, strike bolt, nail drive Answer: A winged plastic anchor is a type of
or pin drive anchors consist of an expander drive pin and drywall anchor that are used for medium-duty
an expansion sleeve. Once the anchor is placed into a pre-
applications. It comes in different forms but these
drilled hole, the nail or "pin" is hammered into the anchor
causing it to expand and wedge itself into the concrete or anchors are characterized with winged plugs that
masonry forming a tight fit. secure the screw and the objects fastened to a
drywall.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A plastic hollow wall plug or simply Answer: Double expansion shields consist of twin
wall plug tubular sleeves bound together with a high tension spring
steel band, which contain two protruding wedge shaped
enable the attachment of a screw in material that
hollow cones. These are a corrosion resistant anchor that
is porous or brittle such as masonry and concrete is designed to be used with a machine bolt in concrete,
tox brick, block, and stone.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A tubular rivet or semi-tubular rivet is Answer: Blind rivets or pop rivets are tubular
similar in form with solid rivets but has a partial fasteners consisting of a rivet and a mandrel
hole at the tip, which is designed to reduce the through the center. Blind rivets can be installed
amount of force required by rolling the tubular without access to the back side of the item being
portion outward. riveted. Blind rivets can be used for different
purposes at home applications.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF RIVET

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Acoustical wedge anchor bolts are used to Answer: A solid rivet or round rivet is one of the
install or fasten wiring that needs to be suspended to oldest type of fasteners. It basically has a smooth
concrete and other masonry materials. The non-threaded
cylindrical shaft and a rounded head. The headless
end is embedded into the hole and then struck to activate
the expansion mechanism on the material being fastened. end is deformed with a hammer or rivet gun to
create the second head.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Split rivets or bifurcated rivets are a Answer: In stud welding, shear studs are used to secure
type of self-piercing rivets that have split bodies or framed buildings by creating a shear connection between
steel and concrete. These fasteners secure beams and
pairs of legs on smaller ends. The best uses for
resist loading between concrete and steel components in a
split rivets are soft materials, including plastic, composite construction. The studs are welded to the
wood, or leather. beam, normally through the deck sheet.
IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A drive rivet is a type of blind rivet with Answer: Oscar rivets are similar to blind rivets in
a short mandrel that protrudes from the head. appearance and installation, but have splits (typically three)
along the hollow shaft. These splits cause the shaft to fold
Once the drive rivet is inserted into a hole, the
and flare out (similar to the wings on a toggle bolt's nut) as
mandrel is driven in with a hammer or other the mandrel is drawn into the rivet. This flare (or flange)
implement to flare out the end of the rivet that is provides a wide bearing surface that reduces the chance of
inside the hole. rivet pull-out. This design is ideal for high vibration
applications where the back surface is inaccessible.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Circular toothed plate connectors are Answer: A punched metal plate connectors or simply
timber plate connectors with circular shape and toothed plate connectors
plate having integral projections punched out in one
perpendicular teeth on edges. The teeth can be
direction and bent perpendicular to the base of the plate
single-sided or double-sided which adds strength and used to join two or more pieces of timber of the same
to the timber connection. thickness in the same place.
IDENTIFY THIS TIMBER CONNECTOR

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A split-ring is a timber connector Answer: A shear plate is a timber connected

consisting of a metal ring inserted into consisting of a round plate of malleable iron
corresponding grooves cut into faces of the inserted into a corresponding groove, flush with
joining members and held in place by a single bolt. the face of a timber, and held in place by a single
bolt.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A joist anchor strap is a metal tie strap Answer: A framing anchor is any of various sheet-metal
for securing the joists of a floor or roof diaphragm connectors for joining light wood framing members, using
special nails that are loaded laterally rather than in
to a concrete or masonry wall in order to transmit
withdrawal. The image shows a hurricane anchor or
wind or seismic loads. A joist anchor strap is a seismic anchor that is a tie used for tying a rafter or truss
type of restraint straps. to a wall plate and securing it against lateral and uplifting
wind and seismic forces.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A spike grid is a flat or singly curved grid Answer: Joist hangers are used to hold timber joists in
of spikes for joining heavy timbers, held in place place. They are used to anchor things like decking, floors
and ceilings. Most joist hangers wrap around three sides of
by a single bolt. The resulting joint is resistant to
a wooden beam and nails or screws are put into the holes
loosening due to vibration, impact and reversible to keep it in place. There is a connecting plate on the joist
lateral loads. hanger that is fastened to the surrounding frame.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An angle bracket or angle brace or Answer: A truss clip attaches girders, trusses and
angle cleat is an L-shaped fastener used to join rafters to wall plates to provide wind restraint.
two parts generally at a 90 degree angle. It is
typically made of metal but it can also be made of
wood or plastic. The metallic angle brackets
feature holes in them for screws.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A sill anchor is a framing anchor for Answer: A holddown is a metal device for
securing a sill plate to a concrete slab or restraining a wood frame structure against
foundation wall. uplifting wind or seismic forces, consisting of a
stiffened steel angle bolted to a wall stud and
secured by a threaded rod to a concrete
foundation.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Fixing bands are flexible metal straps Answer: Wall ties or brick ties are used in
that make securing and stabilizing things easier. buildings with cavity walls. They are used to join
They are long, thin and flexible pieces of steel with the two leaves of a cavity wall together, allowing
pre-punched holes of different sizes. These holes the two parts to act as a homogeneous unit.
provide space for screws, nails and bolts to secure Hidden from view after construction, wall ties play
the bands onto walls and other surfaces. a vital role in ensuring the stability of a building.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Nail plates are flat strips of galvanised steel Answer: Restraint straps are made from galvanized steel
which have been punched to create multiple small prongs and have been designed to be used when connecting
on one side. These are hammered into the surface of timber floor and roof systems to masonry walls ensuring
adjacent pieces of timber to hold them together. They are fast and effective anchoring against uplifting forces like
widely used in framed structures and in the prefabrication wind. The pre-drilled holes allow various fixing points for
of structural elements such as trusses. horizontal and vertical application.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A column base anchor or post base Answer: A post or column cap is a metal
anchor is designed to attach wooden posts to connector that connects timber posts and beams
existing concrete or to be cast in concrete. or girders. It is also known as post-to-beam
bracket.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Frame cramps are used to tie the frame Answer: Sole plate anchor is manufactured from
structure (masonry, steel or concrete) of the galvanized mild steel and is a versatile bracket
building to an adjoining brick/blockwork wall. that is used to attach timber sole plates to
concrete foundations.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A floor tie anchor is a metal tie strap for Answer: A nail stopper is a metal plate that
restraining a floor of a light wood frame structure prevents nails and screws from piercing pipes and
against uplifting wind or seismic forces. electrical lines. It is installed over utilities that pass
through framing members.
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A ridge-rafter connector is a metal Answer: A beam seat anchor is a type of anchor
connector that connects the upper end of a rafter that attaches and provides a bearing surface for a
to the ridge board. timber beam (i.e. glulam beam) in a concrete
column, pilaster or wall.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A top-jamb door closer refers to a type of Answer: A parallel arm door closer refers to a type of
surface-mounted or overhead door closer. The door closer surface-mounted or overhead door closer where the closer
body is installed in the top jamb or frame head while the body is mounted on the push side of the door and the
closer arm is attached to the push side of the door. Top closer arm is installed on the top jamb or frame head. Its
jamb mounted closers are used where the top rail of the installation is similar to a regular arm door closer but when
door is narrow and the closer needs to be installed on the the door is closed, the arm is parallel to the frame head or
push side of the opening. door instead of perpendicular.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF DOOR CLOSER
OF DOOR CLOSER
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A slide-track arm or cam-action door Answer: A regular-arm door closer or standard door
closer is a type of surface-mounted or overhead closer is a type of surface-mounted or overhead door
closer that refers to how the device is installed. In this type,
door closer that is characterized by single lever
the closer body is mounted on the pull side of the door and
arm that slides along a guide rail typically the closer arm is attached to the frame head or jamb.
mounted on the jamb. When closed, the arm is perpendicular to the door.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF DOOR CLOSER
OF DOOR CLOSER
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A spring-type door closer with arm or Answer: A floor-concealed door closer is a type
closing spring is one of the simplest type of door of concealed door closer that is mounted on a
closer. When opening the door, the integrated floor recess. It is typically used for glass doors. In
spring is tensioned and closes the door as soon as case of glass doors, it also function as the hinge
it is released. that supports the door. It is also called a floor
spring closer or floor hinge.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF DOOR CLOSER
OF DOOR CLOSER
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A frame-concealed, jamb-concealed or Answer: A transom door closer is a type of

door-concealed door closer is a type of concealed concealed door closer that is installed inside the
closer door that is installed on both the hinge side
of the door and jamb. The exposed plates are
typically decorative.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF DOOR CLOSER
OF DOOR CLOSER
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A flush pull is a type of door handle that Answer: Door kick plates are a sheet of material
is flushed to the door surface. It comes in different attached to the bottom of your door to protect it
forms and sizes and can be used to operate swing from damage especially wooden doors. They get
doors, sliding doors and cabinet doors. their name from when people kick the door open
when they have their hands full.
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM
IDENTIFY THE TYPE
OF DOOR HANDLE
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An electromagnetic door closer is a special type Answer: A pull handle is a type of door handle
of door closer which is typically an overhead or concealed that is pushed or pulled to open or close the door.
door closer. It has an electromagnetic mechanism that is
This type of door handle typically has no locking
linked with a building fire alarm system for emergency
purposes. It is characterized by an external wired junction mechanism and has a U-shaped body attached to
box. the door at two points.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THE TYPE

OF DOOR HANDLE
OF DOOR CLOSER
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A ball-bearing hinge is a hinge with ball Answer: A fast-pin hinge (left) is a broad
bearings between the knuckles to reduce friction category of hinges where the pin is nonremovable
and ensure ease of operation. or fixed while a loose-pin hinge (right) has a
removable pin so that a door can be unhung by
separating the two leaves.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF HINGE

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Door push plates protect the wood of a Answer: A butt hinge is composed of two
door which closes automatically, usually on identical plates or leaves secured to the abutting
swinging doors or doors with a pull handle on one surfaces of a door and doorjamb.
side.

IDENTIFY THIS ITEM
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A double-acting hinge or saloon door Answer: A piano hinge or continuous hinge is a
hinge is a type of hinge which allows the door to long, narrow hinge that runs the full length of the
swing in both directions (180-degrees). It typically two surfaces to which its leaves are joined.
has two barrels and equipped with spring to bring
the door to a closed position after opening.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A loose-joint hinge or liftoff hinge is a Answer: A spring hinge or spring-loaded hinge
hinge having a knuckle formed from half of each is a hinge containing a coiled spring in its barrel
leaf, with the upper half removable from the pin. for closing a door automatically. It functions both
as a hinge and a door closer. The spring
component in the barrel can be exposed or
covered.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: The offset hinge consists of expanded Answer: Overlay hinges are hinges that fold into
leaves which are designed to move the pivot point themselves, reducing overall thickness. They are
of the door further away from the hinge, allowing often used in kitchen cabinetry to make doors lie
more open access to the opening.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A strap hinge is a hinge having two long leaves Answer: A knife hinge or pivot hinge is a hinge
for securing to the adjacent faces of a door and doorjamb. consisting of a pair of blades attached to pivot
The long flaps of the strap hinges provide added stability
joint. It is commonly used in cabinetry. Unlike
for the door or gate. Strap hinges are typically used for
door hinges (such as barn doors, shed doors, and garage traditional hinges, the leaves of knife hinges are
doors), gate hinges, and cabinet hinges, and are meant to mortised into cabinet ends and the top and
be seen. bottom of the frame.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A cross-garnet or T-hinge is a T-shaped Answer: A flush hinge is a special type of butt
strap hinge with the crosspiece as the stationary hinge in which one leaf plate fits inside a cutout
member and the long stem being the movable on the other mounting plate. Therefore, it requires
leaf. They are most commonly used on gates, that only one mortise be cut in the door or door
garage doors, and a variety of doors to add a frame, offering a space-saving technique.
decorative classic rustic look.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A scissor hinge is a type of hinge that is Answer: A gate hinge is a type of hinge used for
characterized by scissor-like mechanism. It has multiple heavy loading. The hinge comprises an L-shaped
blades or arms connected by pivot joints. A scissor hinge
bolt that inserts into a barrel that is attached to
can either lift up or drop down, and is used to control the
opening of cabinet fronts as well as lids on things like cedar the gate. The bolt rotates in the barrel to swing
chests, hampers, tool chests, and radiator covers. The the door open and closed.
hinge opens and holds at a predetermined angle, requiring
the application of pressure to close again.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A hospital-tipped hinge is a special type Answer: An HL-hinge is a variation of an H-hinge
of hinge where the corner of the hinge barrel have and characterized by its HL shape. HL hinges are a
been removed to minimize the risk of self harm. It stronger version of simple symmetrical H hinges.
is used in medical or security areas such as They are useful for supporting the weight of a
hospitals and mental institutions to prevent wooden door.
tampering or injury.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A dovetail hinge is a strap hinge having Answer: A parliament hinge is an H-shaped
leaves that are narrower at their junction than at hinge having a protruding knuckle so that a door
their other extremities. can stand away from the wall when fully opened.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A gravity hinge is a broad category of Answer: A gravity pivot hinge is a combination
self-closing hinge that uses the weight of the door. of gravity hinge and pivot hinge that is self-closing
It is also considered as a rising hinge because the using the weight of the door.
door slightly rise when the door is opened.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A paumelle hinge is a hinge having a Answer: An olive knuckle hinge or olive hinge is
single, pivoting joint. a type of paumelle hinge with an oval-shaped
knuckle.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A butterfly hinge is a decorative type of Answer: A gas strut or gas spring is a device
hinge having butterfly-shaped leaves. used to safely support objects in various
applications. A strut is made of two parts, a spring
and a shock absorber. It can be seen used on
cabinets with upward opening. It is used to hold
open and slowly close the door.
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A concealed cabinet hinge or Answer: A concealed door hinge or invisible

European-style hinge is a type of concealed hinge is a type of concealed hinges used for
hinges that is specially designed for cabinet doors. architectural doors. It is typically installed in
It has different types or configuration such as full recesses on the door leaf and the door jamb.
overlay, half overlay and inset. Some hinges also have self-closing mechanism.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: The threshold is the strip or wood or metal that Answer: A door stop is a broad category of door
runs across the bottom of an entry door frame. These accessories or objects used to hold doors in open
devices help keep drafts, dirt, moisture and insects out and
or closed position, that is placed in front or at the
also acts as weatherproofing. The image shows an
interlocking-type threshold. These thresholds have an back of the door surface. It comes in different
"L" or "J" hook on the bottom of the door that interlocks forms, shape and materials.
with the threshold itself, ideal for exterior, out-swinging
door.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF THRESHOLD
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: The threshold is the strip or wood or metal that Answer: The threshold is the strip or wood or metal that
runs across the bottom of an entry door frame. These runs across the bottom of an entry door frame. These
devices help keep drafts, dirt, moisture and insects out and devices help keep drafts, dirt, moisture and insects out and
also acts as weatherproofing. The image shows the most also acts as weatherproofing. The image shows a panic-
common profile of a door threshold the saddle-type type threshold that is typically used for doors that swing
threshold. out. This type of threshold is designed for the vertical rod
of the door so it engages.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An overhead door holder or door stop Answer: An overhead sliding roller and track is
is a device installed on the top of the door and the a system used for sliding doors. It consists of a
door frame which restricts the opening of the roller bracket attached to the door and supported
door leaf and prevents unwanted bumping to the on a channel, bar or a sliding track.
adjacent wall or furniture.
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A door stopper is an object used to Answer: A door wedge is a form of a door stop
prevent the door from slamming and damaging used to keep the door open or closed. It has a
the wall surface when it is opened. Unlike door wedge-shaped body and can be made of different
stop, it is fixed to the wall or the floor. materials.
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An electronic rim lock is an electrically Answer: A unit lock is a lock housed within a
powered rim lock typically used in entrance gates. rectangular notch cut into the edge of a door.
It allows the user to easily and remotely open the
lock using low-voltage pulse.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF LOCK

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A rim lock is a general category of door locks that Answer: A rim lock is a general category of door locks that
is fastened to the inner face of a door, as opposed to one is fastened to the inner face of a door, as opposed to one
built into its edge. It has a cylinder that goes through the built into its edge. It has a cylinder that goes through the
door and allows the lock to be operated by key from the door and allows the lock to be operated by key from the
outside. There are different styles of rim lock. The image outside. There are different styles of rim lock. The image
shows a night latch rim lock which has a spring-loaded shows a rim deadlock which is a characterized by
beveled bolt that allows the lock to engage when the door deadlock mechanism that does not engage automatically
is pushed shut. when closing the door but using a key or turning the knob.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A cylinder lock is a type of lock that is Answer: A cylinder lock is a type of lock that is
housed within two holes bored at right angles to housed within two holes bored at right angles to
each other, one through the face of a door and each other, one through the face of a door and
the other on the door edge. The images shows a the other on the door edge. The image shows a
knob-type cylinder lock where the lock is lever-type cylinder lock that is operated by lever
operated by turnable knobs on a single or both handles instead of turnable knobs.
sides.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A mortise lock is a lock housed within a Answer: Flush bolts are recessed into the door edge (top
mortise cut into a door edge so that the lock and bottom) and slide upward or downward into the jamb
(or threshold) to keep the door closed. Flush bolts are
mechanism is covered on both sides.
available in square and rounded corners and in various
sizes and finishes to match up with your existing or new
door hardware.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A crash bar (also known as a panic exit device, Answer: A crash bar (also known as a panic exit device,
panic bar, or push bar) is a type of door opening panic bar, or push bar) is a type of door opening
mechanism or panic door hardware which allows users to mechanism or panic door hardware which allows users to
open a door by pushing a bar. The image shows a cross- open a door by pushing a bar. The images show both panic
bar type of panic bar. A cross bar device is recognizable by bars with vertical rod which connects the bars to the top
the bar that extends the width of the door from the latch and bottom latches. The vertical rod can be hidden or
case to the hinge case of the device. surface mounted.
OF PANIC HARDWARE
OF PANIC HARDWARE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A flush lock or cavity lock is a type of Answer: A crash bar (also known as a panic exit device,
lockset and door handle which is installed level panic bar, or push bar) is a type of door opening
mechanism or panic door hardware which allows users to
with the door surface. It is less secure than other
open a door by pushing a bar. The image shows a touch
types of door locks. It is typically used for sliding bar type of panic bar. The touch bar is operated by pushing
doors. the pad into the body which retracts the latch.
OF PANIC HARDWARE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A cam lock is a type of fastener that is Answer: A barrel bolt lock, also called a sliding bolt lock
often used in cabinet construction. Cam locks or a shoot bolt, is a simple locking system used to secure a
door from a single side. It is a rod-shaped bolt for fastening
allow the cabinets to be held securely together
a door or the like, attached to one side of the door at the
without affecting the outward appearance. Cam edge and sliding into a socket on the frame of the opening.
locks are cylindrical fasteners that are used in
cabinetmaking and many types of furniture.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: The pin tumbler lock is a lock mechanism that Answer: The pin tumbler lock is a lock mechanism that
uses pins of varying lengths to prevent the lock from uses pins of varying lengths to prevent the lock from
opening without the correct key. Pin tumblers are most opening without the correct key. Pin tumblers are most
commonly employed in cylinder locks, but may also be commonly employed in cylinder locks, but may also be
found in tubular pin tumbler locks. The image shows a found in tubular pin tumbler locks. The image shows a
cylinder pin tumbler lock. tubular pin tumbler lock.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A hook and eye lock or hook eye latch Answer: A clasp lock, hasp lock or hasp-and-
is a type of simple lock for doors and drawers staple lock is a type of common lock which
which is basically composed of a hooked consists of a hinged and slotted metal plate that
component that connects to an eye or loop connected to a metal loop or staple. It is
component. commonly used with a padlock.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A door chain, security chain, or Answer: A foot bolt lock is a bolt operated by
security door chain consists of a small chain foot pressure and attached to the bottom of a
attached to the door frame, which attaches to a door to hold it in either open or closed position.
track on the door for security purposes. It is a type
of lock that is often used along with other types of
locks to secure a door.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A dead bolt, deadbolt or dead lock is a locking Answer: A dead bolt, deadbolt or dead lock is a locking
mechanism distinct from a spring bolt lock (latch bolt). It is mechanism distinct from a spring bolt lock (latch bolt). It is
operated without handles or knob. The image shows a operated without handles or knob. The image shows a
single cylinder deadbolt that is characterized by a key double cylinder deadbolt which is characterized by two
hole on the outside and a turn knob on the inside. It is keyholes on both sides. Due to safety, it is less common
more common than double cylinder deadbolt. than single-cylinder deadbolt.
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Padlocks are portable locks with a Answer: A disc, discus or round padlock is disc-
shackle that may be passed through an opening shaped and has a curved shackle that goes right
(such as a chain link, or hasp staple) to prevent the way around its circumference.
use, theft, vandalism or harm. This lock can be
key-operated or using combination mechanism.

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Top and bottom patch fittings are the Answer: A lock patch fitting is a rectangular
patch fittings installed on the bottom and top part patch fitting installed on the edge opposite the
of each glass door panel, typically on the hinged- hinge side on each glass door panel. It can be
side. These panels connect to the corner patch installed on the bottom or upper part of the panel.
fittings such as the L-patch. It can have a pivot pin It is equipped with key lock mechanism.
or a pivot slot.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF PATCH FITTING
OF PATCH FITTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An espagnolette lock or bolt is a locking device, Answer: Patch fittings are metal assemblies
normally mounted on the vertical frame of a French door used for supporting and operating frameless glass
or casement window. A handle or knob is connected to a
installations such as glass walls and doors. The
metal rod mounted to the surface of the frame, about a
metre above the floor. Operating the handle rotates the image shows corner patch fittings which come in
rod, which has hooks at each end that fit into sockets at the various configurations such as the L-patch
head and sill of the opening. fittings and those with fin fittings.
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF PATCH FITTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A glass-to-glass hinge or shower hinge Answer: A glass pull handle is a glass fitting used
is a glass fitting that provides a hinged connection as the handle for the glass door panel. It is
between a glass panel door and a fixed glass. It is available in different shapes. It is installed through
typically used in shower enclosures. two holes on the strike side of the glass door. It
can be single-sided or back-to-back.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF GLASS FITTING
OF GLASS FITTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A center lock patch fitting is a type of Answer: A wall-to-glass hinge or shower hinge
patch fitting with keylock mechanism installed in is a type of glass fitting or patch fitting installed
the center edge of the glass panel. It can lock into between the wall and the edge of a glass panel
a strike box in another glass panel or to a strike (typically a glass shower door). Some models look
plate installed on a non-glass wall. similar to a glass clamp which is used for
connecting fixed glass panels to surfaces.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF PATCH FITTING
OF GLASS FITTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A base glass clamp is a type of glass Answer: A glass standoff fitting or glass spacer
clamp that is designed to hold the fixed glass in a is a type of glass fitting used to hold and support
flooring. It is typically used in glass balustrades, glass panels in a parallel surface. It consists of a
along with the glass clamps.
made of nylon, brass, or aluminum. It can be used
for glass panels in glass balustrades or glass
signages.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF GLASS FITTING
OF GLASS FITTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Glass connectors or glass-to-glass Answer: A glass clamp is basically a wall-to-glass

connectors are glass fittings used to connected connector that looks like a clamp. It is most
different fixed glass together. These are available commonly used to hold glass panels in glass
in different configurations from simple straight, balustrades. The fitting is typically installed
right angle, T-connection or intersection. between the glass and any supporting surfaces
such as railings, posts, walls and floor.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF GLASS FITTING
OF GLASS FITTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An offset pivot glass hinge or offset Answer: A spider fitting is a type of glass fitting
glass hinge is a type of glass fitting used to with arms that is used to connect glass together
provide a hinge connection for the glass door or to connect glass panels to structural members.
panel with pivot offset from the panel surface. It is commonly used in holding curtain walls and it
comes in different configurations.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF GLASS FITTING
OF GLASS FITTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A glass standoff fitting or glass spacer is a type Answer: A glass base shoe or railing shoe is a
of glass fitting used to hold and support glass panels in a metallic channel used to hold and support glass
parallel surface. It consists of a wall screw, barrel, and cap,
panels in the floor. It is typically used for glass
can be used for glass panels in glass balustrades or glass balustrades.
signages. The image shows an edge-grip standoff fitting
that holds the glass on its edge.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

OF GLASS FITTING
OF GLASS FITTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A single bi-fold door or internal bi-fold Answer: A multiple bi-folding door, accordion
door is a folding door characterized by only two door or room divider is a type of folding or bi-
folding panels. It is commonly used as a door for a folding door that contains more than two folding
single door opening or combined with another bi- panels. It varies in sizes and use. It can be used as
fold door. a room divider or as a door for a typical door
opening.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF DOOR

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Architectural Systems
Answer: A single-swing door is a type of swing Answer: A double acting door, also known as a
door that can swing on one direction. double swinging door or impact traffic door, is
a single door or a pair of doors in which the
door(s) is able to swing in both directions. It is
commonly used in commercial and industrial
buildings especially in fire exit doors.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A pivoted swing door is a type of Answer: A revolving door typically consists of three or
swinging door which is typically double-acting. It is four doors that hang on a central shaft and rotate around
a vertical axis within a cylindrical enclosure. Revolving
characterized by a pivot hinge instead of the
doors are energy efficient as they (acting as an airlock)
typical hinges of standard swing doors. prevent drafts, thus decreasing the loss of heating or
cooling for the building.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A by-pass sliding door is a type of Answer: A pocket sliding door is a type of sliding
sliding door that has two panels or leaves passing door in which the sliding door panel slides into
each other. The image shows a by-pass barn and out of a recess in a doorway wall. It is ideal
door. where there is no space available for swing doors.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: An overhead door is a large door that Answer: A flush door features front and back
consists of one or several leaves or horizontal surfaces that are largely flat. It is not divided into
slats and opens by swinging or rolling up to a any panels or moldings. A flush door can be
position above the door opening. It is commonly constructed from a single wood or with hollow
seen in garage doors. core.
BASED ON CONSTRUCTION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A rolling door, shutter door or roll-up Answer: A collapsible door or gate is a type of
door is a large door consisting of horizontal, sliding door with thin sections of mild steel
interlocking metal slats guided by a track on either fabricated with hinges that collapses the width of
side, opening by coiling about an overhead drum the door. Unlike other types of doors, it does not
at the head of the door opening. provide visual privacy.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A hollow-core door is a door constructed with a Answer: A louvered door refers to any door with
thin layer of wood or fiberboard applied over a core of a louvered portion. The louver can be made from
honeycombed cardboard or plastic. The facing of a hollow-
glass or wood and is intended to allow the
core door can be made of wood, metal or other materials.
This door is in contrast with solid-core doors which has a passage of air while the door is closed.
solid interior.

Answer: A panel door or paneled door is a door Answer: A glass door or glazed door is a type of
having a framework of stiles, rails and sometimes door made of glass in significant portion. It comes
muntins, filled with thinner panels such as glass in various forms and usually used for commercial
and wood. purposes.

Answer: A kalamein door is a door having a Answer: A venetian door is a door with long
structural wood core clad with galvanized sheet narrow windows or sidelights on each side. Its
metal. form is similar to that of a Palladian window.

BASED ON ITS STYLE

Answer: A screen door or wire gauge door Answer: A batten door or battened-and-ledged
refers to a door with a wired or perforated door is a type of wooden door constructed of
surface. It permits natural ventilation and restrict vertical boards held together by horizontal
the entry of flies, mosquitoes and insects. These battens and diagonal bracing.
doors are commonly used in hotels, restaurants
and for cup boards containing eatables.

Answer: A Dutch door, double-hung door or Answer: A barn door is a sliding door typically
half-door is a door divided horizontally so that made of wood that has a sliding track that
the upper or lower part can be opened or closed supports the hanging door.
separately.

BASED ON ITS STYLE
BASED ON ITS STYLE

Answer: A French door or casement door is a Answer: A combination door is an exterior door
single or group of doors having rectangular glass having a frame into which different types of
panels extending throughout its length and often panels can be inserted, such as screen for
hung in pairs. summer or storm sash for winter.

BASED ON ITS STYLE
BASED ON ITS STYLE

Answer: A vision door or vision panel door is a Answer: A fire exit door or exit door is a type of
type of door with vision panels. Vision panels specially constructed door that can resist damage
allow partial visibility across the spaces in and out from fire. It is typically constructed of steel with
of the door. emergency accessories such as panic bar.

BASED ON FUNCTION
BASED ON FUNCTION
Answer: An exterior door is a door installed Answer: An interior door is door located within
between the exterior and interior spaces of a the building and is not significantly exposed to
building. Because of its exposure to weather, not weather.
all types of doors can be used as an exterior door.
Decorative doors are also more common as
exterior doors.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: A stile is any of various upright members Answer: A panel is a distinct section or division of
framing panels, as in a system of paneling, a a wall, ceiling or door, recessed below or raised
paneled door, window sash or a chest of drawers. above the general level or enclosed by a frame.
IDENTIFY THIS PART OF A DOOR

Answer: A jib door or gib door is a door hinged Answer: A rail is any of various horizontal
to be flush with the wall on either side and treated members framing panels, as in a system of
so as to be indiscernible when closed. paneling, a paneled door, window sash or chest of
drawers. Depending on the design of a door, it can
have a top rail, lock rail or bottom rail.

BASED ON FUNCTION
Answer: A dormer or dormer window is a roofed Answer: A dormer or dormer window is a roofed
structure, often containing a window, that projects structure, often containing a window, that projects
vertically beyond the plane of a pitched roof. A dormer vertically beyond the plane of a pitched roof. A dormer
window is a form of roof window. Dormers are commonly window is a form of roof window. Dormers are commonly
used to increase the usable space in a loft and to create used to increase the usable space in a loft and to create
window openings in a roof plane. The image shows gabled window openings in a roof plane. The image shows a
dormer. boxed dormer.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF WINDOW

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: The gable window sits at the end of a Answer: An oriel window is a form of bay window which
pitched roof on the side of the house with a flat protrudes from the main wall of a building but does not
reach to the ground. Supported by corbels, brackets, or
surface to allow natural light into the room.
similar cantilevers, an oriel window is most commonly
found projecting from an upper floor but is also sometimes
used on the ground floor.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: An ox-eye window is a relatively small Answer: A bay window is a window space
elliptical or circular window, typically for an upper projecting outward from the main walls of a
storey or above a door to let in natural light. building and forming a bay in a room.
Windows of this type are commonly found in the
grand architecture of Baroque France.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: An internal dormer window is a vertical Answer: An eyebrow dormer, also known as a
window in a sloped roof; unlike the usual dormer roof eyebrow, is a wavy dormer that protrudes
window, it is not covered by a small pitched roof, through the slope of a roof. It contains a window
but projects down from (and is set below) the that may be fixed or operable.
slope of the main roof.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: A skylight or rooflight is a light- Answer: A corner window is a 90-degree angle
transmitting glazed opening that forms all or part window located in wall intersections. It can have
of the roof space of a building for daylighting different operation such as fixed, sliding,
purposes. casement or awning.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: A bay window is a window space Answer: A clerestory window is a large window
projecting outward from the main walls of a or series of small windows along the top of a
building and forming a bay in a room. The image structure's wall, usually at or near the roof line.
shows a bow window which is a bay window that
has four or five sections.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: A transom light or transom window is Answer: A fanlight is a small semicircular form of
a type of window placed above an opening such transom window over a door or another window.
as a door. It can be rectangular or arched.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: Pavement lights, vault lights, floor Answer: A sidelight in a building is a window,
lights, or sidewalk prisms are flat-topped walk- usually with a vertical emphasis, that flanks a door
on skylights, usually set into pavement (sidewalks) or a larger window. Sidelights are narrow, usually
or floors to let sunlight into the space below. They stationary and found immediately adjacent
often use anidolic lighting prisms to throw the doorways.
light sideways under the building.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: A ribbon window is a horizontal band of Answer: A garden window is a type of window
windows separated only by mullions. that is projected out from a wall surface. The
surrounding walls of are typically glazed to allow
light inside, especially for potted plants.

BASED ON LOCATION
BASED ON LOCATION
Answer: A picture window is a large, fixed-pane window, Answer: A window wall is a nonbearing wall
generally made without glazing bars. A picture window gets composed primarily of vertical and horizontal
its name from the fact that it is designed to give you a clear
framing members containing a combination of
view of your surroundings without any obstructions
essentially acting as a picture frame for the scenery fixed lights and operating sashes.
outside the window.

BASED ON VIEW FRAMING
BASED ON VIEW FRAMING

Answer: A single-hung window has a fixed top Answer: A double-hung window that has two
sash and an operable bottom sash that moves sashes that slide vertically up and down in the
vertically. Since only the lower stash is frame. They can open wide from either the top or
operational, this type of window require you to the bottom, but they remain inside the frame so
clean it from the outside. they don't protrude out to the exterior or interior
of the house. It is also known as a balanced hung
window.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: An egress window is a window large Answer: A fixed window, fixed sash or fixed
enough, as defined by local business codes for light is a window or sash of a window that does
entry or exit in case of an emergency. These are not open for ventilation.
typically required when finishing a basement and
are paired with an egress well with attached
ladder or steps for easy escape.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON FUNCTION
Answer: Awning windows are hinged on the top Answer: A hopper window is a small window that opens
and open outward from the bottom, allowing for downward and inward, with hinge on the bottom. It is
commonly installed as a bathroom or basement window.
ventilation and protection from the rain. Often
The upward tilt of the window glass pane blocks open dirt
placed higher on walls for privacy or in and debris from getting into your home. It usually can be
combination with large stationary windows for a opened with a crank or hinge.
better view.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A horizontal sliding window is a Answer: A casement window is a window that is

window have two or more sashes, of which at attached to its frame by one or more hinges at the
least one slides along horizontal grooves or tracks. side. They are used singly or in pairs within a
There are also vertically sliding windows but most common frame, in which case they are hinged on
are considered as hung windows. the outside.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A bi-folding window or folding window Answer: A pivoted window having a sash that
is a type of window that has two or more windows rotates 90-degree or 180-degree about a vertical
sashes hinged together. This window is opened by or horizontal axis at or near its center, used in air-
folding the panels to one or both sides of the conditioned multistory or high-rise buildings and
window. The mechanism also utilize a sliding track operated only for clearing, maintenance or
on top and bottom of the window. emergency ventilation. The image shows a
vertically-pivoted window.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A parallel opening window is a type of Answer: A tilt and turn window can both tilt inwards at
operable window with window sash moving the top, like a hopper window, or open inwards from
hinges at the side. The tilt position provides draft-free
parallel to the window frame. Unlike other types
ventilation and rain protection. A tilt and turn window
of windows, it provides ventilation through its fundamentally opens on two axis: tilting when ventilation
perimeter. needed and turning mainly to provide a means of escape
from a room in case of fire.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A fold-up window or lift-and-fold Answer: A casement stay is a metal bar used to hold a
window is a type of folding or bi-fold window that casement window in a specific open or closed position. The
peg type casement stay has one or two pins or pegs inside
is folded upwards.
the rebate. The image shows a peg stay which is a metal
bar with holes that fit onto the peg, and allow the sash
window to be held open in various positions. The peg
nearest the hinge can then be used as a fulcrum.
HARDWARE AND ACCESSORY

IDENTIFY THIS WINDOW
BASED ON OPERATION
Hardware
Answer: A pivoted window having a sash that Answer: A jalousie window is a window having
rotates 90-degree or 180-degree about a vertical horizontal glass or wood louvers that pivot
or horizontal axis at or near its center, used in air- simultaneously in a common frame, used
conditioned multistory or high-rise buildings and primarily in mild climates to control ventilation
operated only for clearing, maintenance or and to cut off visibility from the outside.
emergency ventilation. The image shows a
horizontally-pivoted window.

BASED ON OPERATION
BASED ON OPERATION
Answer: A crescent lock is a type of window lock Answer: A window crank or roto operator is a
or sash lock with crescent shape. It is considered crank device used to open and close a window
more secure than cam handle. sash, typically in a casement and awning window.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An extension casement hinge is a Answer: A cam handle or locking handle is a

hinge for an outward-swinging casement window, type of window handle that locks a hinged window
located to allow cleaning of the window from the sash with its position against a keeper plate.
inside when the window is open. This hinge is also
considered as friction stay hinge because it
typically has an adjustable friction slide.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A jalousie window frame or frame Answer: A window track is a profiled track made
strip is an aluminum or plastic frame used to hold of metal or PVC and is used to hold and operate
the jalousie panels or louvers. It is installed on the window sashes especially sliding windows.
two sides of the window frame and typically has a
handle to control the openings.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A lever operator is a type of roto Answer: A motorized or electric window

operator or window crank that is typically used to operator is a device used to remotely open or
open and close awning windows. close a window. It is typically used for high level
windows, roof light or skylights. The image shows
a chain-type electric window operator.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A frameless or overlay cabinetry Answer: A framed or inset cabinetry is a type of
shows no face-frames that separate the cabinet cabinetry where the cabinet doors and drawer
doors and drawer faces. This type of cabinetry faces are separated by thin face frames. The doors
contrasts with inset cabinets where the face and faces are flush with the cabinet face frames. It
frames are visible and the cabinet doors and contrasts with overlay cabinetry where no face
drawer faces are flush with the face frames. frames are visible.
BASED ON DOOR CONFIGURATION
BASED ON DOOR CONFIGURATION

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CABINETRY
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CABINETRY

Answer: A jalousie window operator is a device Answer: A flush handle or lock is a device
used to operate and adjust the louvers of a typically installed in sliding windows. It both
jalousie window. functions as the handle and locking device for the
window. It is similar to flush lock used for large
sliding doors.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A bolt-on knob is a type of knob that is Answer: A flush pull, recessed pull or inset pull
installed like a knob where the knob serve as the is a cabinet or drawer handle that is flushed or
nut to a bolt inserted through a hole in cabinet level to the surface of the cabinet door or drawer
door or drawer face. face.
IDENTIFY THIS CABINETRY

HARDWARE & ACCESSORY

Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A screw-in knob is a type of knob that is Answer: A cabinet pull or drawer pull is a
screwed in the door of a cabinet or drawer to metallic item attached to the face of drawer or a
serve as its knob handle. cabinet door for opening and closing them. It can
have different forms and styles.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A single roller catch is a type of cabinet Answer: A double roller catch is a type of
catch with a spring-loaded roller that fits into a cabinet catch that is spring-loaded and consists of
strike plate. a roller assembly with two rollers which open up
as the clip is pushed into it as the door is closed. It
is also a type of friction catch that relies on friction
to hold the door closed.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Cup handles or bin pulls are a type of Answer: A ball catch has a spring-loaded ball
cabinet and drawer handle that has a cup-shaped held within a cylinder attached to a flange. The
body. It is one of the oldest type of handles and catch is recessed into the edge of the door while
are common in antique furniture. the striker plate is recessed into the jamb.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Roller slides or roller-type drawer slides are Answer: Ball-bearing drawer slides contain ball
typically composed of two mated, epoxy-coated metal bearing components which enable the mated steel
profiles one which attaches to the drawer and one which
or steel alloy profile components to smoothly and
attaches to the cabinet frame and nylon wheels which
allow the profiles to move smoothly and quietly along each quietly move relative to each other. Compared to
other. roller slides, these slides are more durable and
have greater load bearing capacities
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF DRAWER SLIDE

BASED ON MECHANISM
BASED ON MECHANISM
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A magnetic catch consists of a molding holding Answer: A double ball catch has two balls in a
the magnet and a metal striker plate. The molding is fitted casing which hold the striker in place when it is
to the side of the cupboard while the striker plate is fitted
inserted between them. The balls can often be
to the back of the door so that the two parts line up. Unlike
friction catches, it relies on magnetic attraction to keep the adjusted (by a screw behind each) to increase the
door closed. pressure applied to the sticker plate.


Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Center-mounted drawer slides are sold Answer: Undermount drawer slides are ball-bearing
as single slides that, as the name suggests, mount slides that are sold in pairs. They mount to the sides of the
cabinet and connect to locking devices attached to the
under the center of the drawer.
underside of the drawer. Not visible when the drawer is
open, making them a good choice if you want to highlight
your cabinetry.

BASED ON MOUNTING
BASED ON MOUNTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: Wooden drawer slides is an old type of Answer: A side-mounted drawer slides are
drawer slides. It is characterized by two wooden typically sold in pairs. They are attached to the
profiles that slide through each other when sides of the drawer box and to the sides of the
moving the drawers. drawer opening.

BASED ON MECHANISM
BASED ON MOUNTING
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: An over-travel or over-extension Answer: A shelf bracket or angle bracket is a
drawer slide allows the drawer to open beyond type of fixed bracket or fastener typically used for
full extension, providing complete access even installed shelves.
underneath countertops.
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SUPPORT

BASED ON EXTENSION
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A ¾ extension drawer slide allows ¾ of Answer: A full extension drawer slide is
drawer length to extend from the drawer face designed to support the full extension of drawer
frame. ¼ of the drawer remains in the cabinet. length from the drawer face frame.

BASED ON EXTENSION
BASED ON EXTENSION
Hardware
Hardware
Answer: A gambrel roof or Dutch roof is a Answer: A pyramid roof or pavilion roof is a
usually symmetrical two-sided roof with two type of hip roof that has four sides that are all
slopes on each side. triangle shaped and all slope downward. They are
built onto a square or rectangular frame.
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF ROOF

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: An adjustable bracket system is a Answer: A shed roof is a single sloping roof,
support system consisting of brackets connected commonly set at a steep pitch. Also called a
to a slotted channel or track fastened to the wall skillion roof or a pent roof, it eliminates corners
or free-standing. This system allows for easy and low points on the walls, creating abundant
adjustment of shelf height, unlike the fixed shelf usable space inside.
brackets.
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SUPPORT

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
Hardware
Answer: A rainbow roof is a pitched roof whose Answer: A mansard roof is four-sided slope roof
slopes are slightly convex giving it a delicately with two slopes on each side a steeper lower
rounded appearance. slope and a shallower upper slope.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: A hip roof or hipped roof is a roof Answer: A hipped gable, jerkinhead roof or
having sloping ends and sides meeting at inclined shreadhead roof is a roof having a hipped end
projecting angle. truncating a gable.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: A domed roof, as the name suggests, is Answer: A hexagonal roof is a prism roof with six
a roof that's designed in the shape of a dome. sides. It is commonly used as gazebo roof.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: A butterfly roof is a roof having two Answer: A barrel roof is a roof with semi-
slopes, each descending inward from the eaves. cylindrical form.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: Front gable roofs have the roof ridge in Answer: An open gable roof is a roof shaped
with eaves on the front side. An open gable roof is
identical to a box gable roof, with the only
exception the boxed off sides on either end.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: A hip & valley roof is simply a modified or Answer: A gable and valley roof is a roof shaped
extended hip roof. The shape and pitch of the surfaces are by intersection of two or more gable roof. It can
basically the same, however the base shape changes from
have different configurations such as L-shaped, T-
a simple rectangle to a 'T' or 'L' shape, on plan. It is a roof
that has hips and valleys has more than one section where shaped or cross-shaped base.
four sloping sides meet, but these sections are joined to
other hipped roof areas.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: Flat roofs have just a slight pitch to Answer: A saltbox roof is an asymmetrical design
allow water to run-off and drain. They are most in which one side of the roof is a sloping flat roof,
commonly used for industrial and commercial with the other side more of a lean-to, creating a
buildings such as offices and warehouses. gable in the middle.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: Box gable roofs have two sloping sides Answer: A clerestory roof has an interior wall
that meet to form a ridge, with a triangular built extending above one section of the roof, with
extension on either side that is boxed off from the this section of wall often lined with several
walls. windows, or one long window. The sections of
roof either side of the vertical wall are typically
sloping, allowing a large amount of natural light
into the windows.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: An M-shaped roof is double-pitched Answer: A monitor in architecture is a raised
roof; essentially a double gable. The roof rests on structure running along the ridge of a double-
two bearing walls with two sloping walls meeting pitched roof, with its own roof running parallel
with the main roof.
guttering runs between the two pitches to stop
any snow or rain building up in the winter season.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: A parapet roof is a flat roof with the walls of the Answer: A saw-tooth roof is a roof comprising a
building extending upwards past the roof by a few feet series of ridges with dual pitches either side. The
around the edges. The addition of a parapet makes a flat
steeper surfaces are glazed and face away from
roof far safer, providing a small barrier that provides
additional security to reduce the likelihood of anyone the equator to shield workers and machinery from
standing the roof falling over the edge. direct sunlight. This kind of roof admits natural
light into a deep plan building or factory.

BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS SHAPE

Answer: A Dutch bond or English cross bond is Answer: A Flemish bond is a brickwork bond
a modified English bond in which the head joints having alternating headers and stretchers in each
in the stretching courses are offset by half the course, each header being centered above and
length of a stretcher. below a stretcher.
IDENTIFY THIS BRICKWORK BOND

Answer: A common bond or American bond is a Answer: An English bond is a brickwork bond
brickwork bond having a course of headers having alternate courses of headers and
between every five or six courses of stretchers. stretchers in which the headers are centered on
stretchers and the joints between stretchers line
up vertically in all courses.

Answer: A garden-wall bond is a brickwork bond Answer: A running bond or stretcher bond is a
for lightly loaded boundary walls, having a brickwork or masonry bond composed of
sequence of a header and three stretchers in each overlapping stretchers typically offset by half of
course, with each header being centered over a the stretcher length.
header in alternate courses.

Answer: A Flemish cross bond is a modified Answer: A Flemish diagonal bond is a form of
Flemish bond having courses of alternate headers Flemish cross bond in which the courses are offset
and stretchers alternating with stretching to form a diamond pattern.
courses.

Answer: The herringbone bond is a variety of Answer: A modular ceiling or grid ceiling is a
raking bond in which units are laid at an angle of type of dropped ceiling that is composed of
45° to the direction of the row, instead of square or rectangular panels supported by a grid
horizontally. Alternate courses lie in opposing of metal runners hung from the structural ceiling
directions, resulting in a zigzag pattern. or slab.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF CEILING

Answer: A stack bond or stacked bond is a Answer: A monk bond is variant of Flemish bond
brickwork or masonry bond having successive involving two stretchers between the headers in
courses of stretchers with all head joints aligned each course. The headers are centered over the
vertically. join between the two stretchers in the course
below.

Answer: A coffered ceiling is created with Answer: A barrel ceiling is a ceiling with an
coffered panels or "coffers." A coffer in arched or barrel-shaped profile.
architecture is a series of sunken panels in the
shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a
ceiling, soffit or vault.

Answer: A cathedral ceiling is a type of Answer: A tray ceiling, also called an inverted or
structural or dropped ceiling that is sloped and recessed ceiling, features a center section that is
symmetrical. It has an apex in the center, like the several inches (or several feet) higher than the
ceilings in cathedral churces. areas around the perimeter of the room. This
design allows for the use of colors painted on the
trim that can turn a bland ceiling into a focal point.

Answer: A flat ceiling is a ceiling without any Answer: A beam ceiling is one which features
change in elevation. The edges can be accented exposed joists and beams. Beam ceilings create
with cornices. visual interest and bring individual flair to your
home. They are normally made from timber, but
other materials or a combination of materials can
also be used.

Answer: A coved ceiling is a ceiling with curved Answer: A shed ceiling is a ceiling with a single
edges instead of sharp angles between the ceiling slope profile.
and walls and is often built using curved molding
or framing. The coves start from the top of the
main wall and extend up to the ceiling itself.

Answer: Tall cabinets are high cabinetry that Answer: A straight flight is a linear stair flight
rests on the floor and also reach the ceiling. with no turns or winders.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF KITCHEN
CABINETS BASED ON LOCATION
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF STAIRS

BASED ON FLIGHT SHAPE
Answer: A base cabinet is a cabinet built Answer: Wall cabinet is the term used to
expressly for kitchens and bathrooms that rests describe the top cabinetry that is suspended
on the floor and supports holds other items such above the counter space, as opposed to the base
as countertops, cooktops, and sinks. cabinets that sit on the floor.


Answer: A half-turn stair is a stair that turns 180- Answer: A double-return stair is a stair having
degrees or through two right angles at an one wide flight from the main floor to an
intervening landing. The image shows a dog-leg intermediate landing, and two side flights from
stair that is a half-return stair consisting of two that landing to the floor above.
straight flights immediately side by side and
connected by an intervening landing.


Answer: A winder stair is a type of stair with Answer: A quarter-turn stair or L-stair is a stair
winders. A winder is a wedged-shaped stair step making a right-angled turn, consisting of two
for changing. The image shows a quarter-turn straight flights connected by an intervening
stair with winders. landing or a series of winders.


Answer: A spiral stair is a circular winding stair Answer: A triangular arch is a primitive form of
having wedge-shaped treads winding around and arch consisting of stones laid diagonally to
supported by a central post. support each other over an opening.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF ARCH
Structural Systems
Answer: A double-L stair is a half-turn stair Answer: An elliptical stair is a winding stair
having two intermediate landings, each offering a having an elliptically shaped well.
90 degrees change of direction.


Answer: A French arch is a flat arch having Answer: A Roman arch, semi-circular arch or
voussoirs inclined to the same angle on each side round arch is an arch having semi-circular
of the center. intrados.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A corbel arch is a false arch constructed Answer: A flat arch or jack arch is an arch
by corbeling courses from each side of an having a horizontal intrados with voussoirs
opening until they meet at a midpoint where a radiating from a center below, often built with a
capstone is laid to complete the work. The slight camber to allow settling.
stepped reveals may be smoothed, but no arch
action is in effect.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A horseshoe arch or Moorish arch is an Answer: A trefoil arch is an arch having a cusped
arch having an intrados that widens above the intrados with three rounded or pointed foils.
springing before narrowing to a rounded crown.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A segmental arch is an arch struck from Answer: A Gothic or pointed arch is an arch
one or more centers below the springing line. having a pointed crown and two or more centers.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A bell arch is a round arch resting on Answer: A basket-handle arch is a three-center
two large corbels with curved faces. arch having a crown with a radius much greater
than that of the other pair of curves.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: An ogee arch is a pointed arch, each Answer: A rampant arch is an arch having one
haunch of which is a double curve with the impost higher than the other.
concave side uppermost.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A sloped isolated footing is a footing supporting Answer: A stepped isolated footing is a footing
a freestanding column or pier with its upper surface with stepped base which allows for thicker center.
inclined to make the center thicker than the edges. Sloped
isolated footing requires less concrete and reinforcements
bars than pad footing. It is constructed cautiously in order
to maintain a 45-degree inclination from all sides. The
concrete mix used must be stiff in order to avoid sustaining
viscous deformation.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FOOTING

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A strip or wall footing is a type of Answer: An isolated pad footing or flat footing
spread footing that is continuous along a is a type of isolated footing that supports a
foundation wall. freestanding column or pier. It is characterized by
a flat block.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A combined footing is a reinforced Answer: A stepped footing is a continuous or
concrete footing for a perimeter column or strip footing that changes levels in stages to
foundation wall extended to support an interior accommodate a sloping site or bearing stratum.
column load.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A continuous footing is a reinforced Answer: A cantilever or strap footing is a

concrete footing to support a row of columns. reinforced concrete footing connected by a tie
beam to another footing in order to balance an
asymmetrically imposed load, as at the perimeter
of a building site.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A cellular mat is a composite structure Answer: A grillage or grid foundation is a
of reinforced concrete slabs and basement walls framework of crossing beams for spreading heavy
serving as a mat foundation. loads over large areas.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FOUNDATION

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A mat foundation is a thick, slab-like Answer: A ribbed mat footing is a mat
footing of reinforced concrete supporting a foundation reinforced by a grid of ribs above or
number of columns or an entire building. below the slab.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A Pratt truss is a general type of truss Answer: A Pratt truss is a general type of truss
where the vertical members are in compression where the vertical members are in compression
while diagonal members are in tension. The image while diagonal members are in tension. The image
shows a pitched Pratt truss. shows a flat Pratt truss.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF TRUSS

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A pile foundation is a type of deep foundation Answer: Caisson foundation is a type of deep foundation
and is defined as a series of columns constructed or and is the prefabricated hollow substructures designed to
inserted into the ground to transmit loads to a lower level be constructed on or near the surface of the ground, sunk
of subsoil. A pile is a long cylinder made up of a strong to the desired depth and then filled with concrete, thus
material, such as concrete. Piles are pushed into the ultimately becoming an integral part of the permanent
ground to act as a steady support for structures built on structure, it is also known as pier foundation.
top of them.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A Warren truss refers to a truss having Answer: A Warren truss refers to a truss having
inclined web members forming a series of inclined web members forming a series of
equilateral triangles. Vertical members are equilateral triangles. Vertical members are
sometimes introduced to reduce the panel lengths sometimes introduced to reduce the panel lengths
of the top chord, which is in compression. The of the top chord, which is in compression. The
image shows a flat Warren truss. image shows a bowstring Warren truss.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A Howe truss is a general type of truss Answer: A Howe truss is a general type of truss
with vertical members in tension and diagonal with vertical members in tension and diagonal
web members in compression. The image shows a web members in compression. The image shows a
pitched How truss. flat How truss.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A Fink truss is a Belgian truss having Answer: A fan truss is a truss having more than
subdiagonals to reduce the length of compression two web members radiating from a common
web members toward the centerline of the span. point on the bottom chord.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A crescent or camelback truss is a Answer: A Belgian truss is a pitched truss having
truss having both top and bottom chords curving only inclined web members.
upward from a common point at each side.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A K-truss is a truss having in each panel Answer: The king truss consists of two diagonal members
two diagonals running from the ends of one post that meet at the apex of the truss, one horizontal beam
that serves to tie the bottom end of the diagonals together,
to the center of the adjacent post, the
and the king post which connects the apex to the
arrangement being symmetrical about the center horizontal beam below. The king post truss is used for
of the truss. The idea of the K-truss is to break up simple roof trusses and short-span bridges.
the vertical members into smaller sections. The
image shows a bowstring K-truss.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A scissor truss is a pitched truss having Answer: A K-truss is a truss having in each panel
tension members extending from the foot of each two diagonals running from the ends of one post
top chord to an intermediate point on the to the center of the adjacent post, the
opposite top chord. arrangement being symmetrical about the center
of the truss. The idea of the K-truss is to break up
the vertical members into smaller sections. The
image shows a flat K-truss.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A gravity wall is a general category of retaining Answer: A cantilever retaining wall is composed
wall that resists overturning and sliding by the sheer of a stem and a base slab. The cantilever shape is
weight and volume of its mass. It can be constructed from
designed to resist overturning and sliding.
different materials such as concrete, stone, and masonry
units. Crib retaining wall, gabions, and bin retaining wall
are also type of gravity retaining walls.
OF RETAINING WALL
OF RETAINING WALL
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A queen post truss utilizes a queen post which is Answer: A gable truss is characterized by only vertical
a tension member in a truss that can span longer openings web members across its span. Gable trusses are usually
than a king post truss. A king post uses one central used in combination with other types of trusses. The gable
supporting post, whereas the queen post truss uses two.
Even though it is a tension member, rather than a chords, one bottom chord, and multiple vertical posts.
compression member, they are commonly still called a Gable trusses are built on each end of the roof framework
post. to support roof sheathing.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: An anchored retaining wall is any type Answer: A piled retaining wall is constructed by
of retaining wall with added cable rods or wires driving piles adjacent to each other such as soldier
driven deep sideways into the earth with ends piles and sheet piles. It comes in different forms
filled with concrete to provide anchor. These but it generally involves driving different types of
anchors or tiebacks act against overturning and piles into the earth to serve as the retaining wall.
sliding pressure.
OF RETAINING WALL
OF RETAINING WALL
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A buttressed retaining wall or buttress Answer: A counterfort retaining wall or

wall is basically a cantilever retaining wall with counterfort wall is basically a cantilever retaining
added buttresses. Buttresses are placed on the wall with added counterforts on the backfill side of
front side of the retaining wall. the retaining wall. Counter fort spacing is equal or
slightly larger than half of the counter-fort height.
OF RETAINING WALL
OF RETAINING WALL
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A gabion wall or gabion retaining wall Answer: A riprap is a type of revetment that is
is a type of gravity wall composed of galvanized composed of a layer of broken stones thrown
wire baskets filled with stones. together irregularly on an embankment slope to
prevent erosion.
OF SLOPE PROTECTION
OF RETAINING WALL
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A bin wall or cellular wall is a type of Answer: A crib retaining wall is composed of a
gravity retaining wall by stacking modular, cellular framework of squared timbers, or steel or
interlocking precast concrete or steel units and concrete members of similar form, assembled in
filling the voids with crushed stone or gravel. layers at right angles, often filled with earth or
stones and used in the construction of
foundations and retaining walls.
OF RETAINING WALL
OF RETAINING WALL
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A cantilever beam is a projecting beam Answer: An overhanging beam is a simple beam
supported at only one fixed end. extending beyond one of its supports. The
overhang reduces the positive moment at
midspan while developing a negative moment at
the base of the cantilever over the support.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF BEAM

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A soil binder are plants that prevent or Answer: A simple beam or simply-supported
inhibit erosion by providing a ground cover and beam is a beam resting on simple supports (roller
forming a dense network of roots that hold the and pin) at both ends which are free to rotate and
soil. have no moment resistance. It is an example of
statically determinate structure.

OF SLOPE PROTECTION
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE
Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A continuous beam is a beam extending Answer: A perforated shell tube is a tube
over more than two supports in order to develop structure having perimeter shear walls with less
greater rigidity and smaller moments than a series than 30% of the surface are perforated by
of simple beams having similar spans and loading. openings.
IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF

TUBE STRUCTURE
Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A double overhanging beam is a simple Answer: A fixed-end beam or fixed beam is a
beam extending beyond both of its supports. beam having both ends restrained against
translation and rotation. The fixed ends transfer
bending stresses, increase the rigidity of the
beam, and reduce its maximum deflection.

Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A trussed tube is a braced tube Answer: A latticed truss tube is a braced tube
structure having trussed wall frames of widely structure having perimeter frames of closely
spaced columns tied together by diagonal or cross spaced diagonals with vertical columns.
bracing.

TUBE STRUCTURE
TUBE STRUCTURE
Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A framed tube is a tube structure having Answer: A braced tube is a framed tube
closely spaced perimeter columns rigidly structure tied together by a system of diagonal
connected by deep spandrel beams. braces.

TUBE STRUCTURE
TUBE STRUCTURE
Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A space truss is a modified braced-tube Answer: A megaframe or superframe structure
structure consisting of stacked triangulated is a high-rise structure that utilizes megacolumns,
prisms containing diagonals that connect the which comprise the chords of oversized braced
exterior with the interior frame. Space truss frames at the building corners, linked by
structures are capable of resisting both lateral and multistory trusses at 15- to 20-story intervals.
vertical loads.

HIGH-RISE STRUCTURE
HIGH-RISE STRUCTURE
Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A tube-in-tube structure is a tube Answer: A bundled tube is an assembly of

structure having an inner braced tube added to narrow tubes tied directly to each other to form a
the perimeter tube to improve its shear stiffness modular structure that behaves like a multicellular
in resisting lateral forces. box girder cantilevering out of the ground.

TUBE STRUCTURE
TUBE STRUCTURE
Structural Systems
Structural Systems
Answer: A built-up beam or girder or commonly Answer: A box girder is a type of built-up steel
plate girder beam or girder having a hollow, rectangular
fabricated by welding, bolting or riveting plates section.
together to create the desired shape and section.
IDENTIFY THIS STEEL BEAM/GIRDER

BASED ON FABRICATION
Construction Materials and Methods
Answer: A diagrid structure is a contraction of Answer: A rolled steel beam or girder is a type
diagonal and grid. It is an exterior lattice-like of steel product fabricated by a rolling a blank
framework of a building created by crisscrossing cylinder of steel through a series of dies or rollers
diagonal members. to create the desired shape.

BASED ON FABRICATION
HIGH-RISE STRUCTURE

Structural Systems
Answer: A framed connection is a shear- Answer: A seated connection is a shear-resisting
resisting steel connection made by welding or steel connection made by welding or bolting the
bolting the web of a beam to the supporting flanges of a beam to the supporting column with a
column or girder with two angle clips or angle seat angle below and a stabilizing angle above.
cleats.
STEEL FRAME CONNECTION


Answer: A castellated beam is a steel beam Answer: An open web steel joist is a lightweight
fabricated by dividing the web of a wide-flange steel truss consisting, in the standard form, of
section with a lengthwise zigzag cut, then welding parallel chords and a triangulated web system,
both halves together at the peaks, thus increasing proportioned to span between bearing points.
its depth without increasing its weight.
IDENTIFY THIS ITEM


Answer: A coped connection is a type of steel Answer: A butt joint is a joint where two pieces
girder-to-beam connection where the upper or of metal are placed together in the same plane,
lower flange is cut off to provide a flushed and the side of each metal is joined by welding. A
surfaces (especially the upper surface). butt weld is the most common type of joint that is
used in the fabrication of structures and piping
systems.

WELDING JOINT
Answer: A stiffened seated connection is Answer: A moment connection is a steel

designed to resist large beam reactions, usually by connection made so as to develop a specified
means of a vertical plate or a pair of angles resisting moment, usually by means of plates
directly below the horizontal component of the welded or bolted to the beam flanges and the
seat angle. supporting column.



Answer: Corner weld joints Answer: In an edge weld joint, the metal
in either an open or closed manner forming an surfaces are placed together so that the edges are
even. One or both plates may be formed by
the most common in the sheet metal industry, bending them at an angle. The purpose of a weld
such as in the construction of frames, boxes and joint is to join parts together so that the stresses
other applications. are distributed.

WELDING JOINT
WELDING JOINT
Answer: Tee welding joints are formed when Answer: Lap welding joints are essentially a
two pieces intersect at a 90° angle. This results in modified version of the butt joint. They are
the edges coming together in the center of a plate formed when two pieces of metal are placed in an
overlapping pattern on top of each other. They are
considered to be a type of fillet weld, and they can most commonly used to joint two pieces with
also be formed when a tube or pipe is welded differing thicknesses together. Welds can be made
onto a base plate. on one or both sides.

WELDING JOINT
WELDING JOINT

Answer: Cross-bridging or diagonal bridging is Answer: A strap bridging or metal strap
where thin members are placed in crossed bridging is a type of joist bridging that uses metal
positions between joists. straps in crossed positions between joists.

JOIST BRIDGING
JOIST BRIDGING
Answer: A puddle weld is a weld made by Answer: A solid bridging is a type of joist bridging
burning a hole in a piece of sheet metal and filling where solid members are placed between
with a small pool of molten metal. adjacent floor joists near the center of the span to
prevent joists or rafters from twisting.

JOIST BRIDGING
WELDING JOINT

Answer: A box wooden beam is a wooden beam Answer: A flitch beam (otherwise known as a
that is constructed of glued members to create a flitched beam
hollow, rectangular section.
sandwiched between the wooden beams, with the
three alternating layers being held together using
bolts.
IDENTIFY THIS PREFABRICATED

WOOD MEMBERS
WOOD MEMBERS
Answer: An I-joist or pre-engineered wooden I- Answer: A built-up wooden beam is a

beam is a prefabricated wooden joist prefabricated wooden beam made by fastening
manufactured with sawn or laminated veneer two or more smaller members with bolts, lag
lumber flanges along the top and bottom edge of screws or spikes.
a single plywood or OSB web.

WOOD MEMBERS
WOOD MEMBERS

Answer: A clapboard siding (also known as Answer: A dolly varden siding is a bevel siding
bevel, lap or weatherboarding) are composed of rabbeted along the lower edge to receive the
long, thin boards installed horizontally with a upper edge of the board below it.
slight overlap. The boards have thicker lower edge
of each board overlapping the thinner upper edge
of the board below it.

WALL SIDING
WALL SIDING
Answer: A glulam or glue-laminated wood is a Answer: A laminated strand lumber is an

structural engineered wood made with multiple engineered wooden product that is composed of
layers of solid wood lumber bonded together with pressed strips or strands of wood that once would
high-strength adhesive to form a single structural have been considered too weak, small, or
unit. misshapen to use. The wood strands wood
strands are glued together and pressed into forms
using steam injection.

WOOD MEMBERS
WOOD MEMBERS

Answer: A vertical siding is a siding consisting of Answer: A unit system is a curtain wall system
matched boards applied vertically. consisting of preassembled, framed wall units that
may be pre-glazed or glazed after installation.
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM

WALL SIDING
Answer: A drop siding is a wall siding composed Answer: A board and batten siding is a siding
of boards narrowed along the upper edges to fit consisting of wide boards or plywood sheets set
into rabbets or grooves in the lower edges, laid vertically with butt joints covered by battens.
horizontally with their backs flat against the
sheathing or studs of the wall. It is also called
novelty siding or rustic siding.

WALL SIDING
WALL SIDING

Answer: A column-cover-and-spandrel system Answer: A butt joint is a wood joint where two
is a curtain wall system in which vision-glass ends are placed together at a right angle to create
assemblies and spandrel units are supported by a corner. Mechanical fasteners such as nails or
spandrel beams between exterior columns with screws are necessary to preserve this joinery.
cover sections.
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM

WOOD JOINERY
Answer: A stick system is a curtain wall system in Answer: A unit-and-mullion system is a curtain
which tubular metal mullions and rails are wall system in which one- or two-story-high
assembled piece by piece on-site to frame vision mullions are installed before preassembled wall
glass and spandrel units. units are lowered into place behind the mullions.
The framed wall units may be preglazed or glazed
after installation.
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM



Answer: A cross-lap joinery is a form of half-lap Answer: The birdsmouth joint or birds-beak
joinery installed in the middle of both boards, joint is a small triangular shaped cut out at the
creating a perpendicular connection. base of a roofing joist that allows the joist to sit
nicely on top of the wall plate (top of the wall
before the roof starts).

WOOD JOINERY
WOOD JOINERY
Answer: A miter joint connects two butts that get Answer: A half-lap joint is a wood joint used to
cut at an angle (typically at 45-degrees). The join two boards together to create a flush surface.
advantage of using this approach involves the It happens most often when a connection is
strength of the corner. You receive a seamless needed in the middle of the timber, although
look that does not show any end grain. corner connections are also possible.

WOOD JOINERY
WOOD JOINERY

Answer: The dado joint is similar to a tongue and Answer: As its name suggests, biscuit joints are
groove joint. The only difference is that the dado secured with pieces of timber that are in the
is cut across the woodgrain whereas a groove is shape of a biscuit and these pieces of timber help
cut in the grain direction which is usually along the to prevent movement and add strength.
length of the board. Moreover, there is no tongue
carved on the edges, instead, the groove is cut
wider to accept the thickness of the mating piece.

WOOD JOINERY
WOOD JOINERY
Answer: A pocket-hole joinery or pocket-screw Answer: A tongue and groove joint is a unique
joinery involves drilling a hole at an angle woodwork joint that is attached edge to edge with
usually 15 degrees into one work piece, and two or more pieces of timber. It is made with one
then joining it to a second work piece with a self- edge consisting of a slot that runs down the entire
tapping screw. length of the timber and a tongue which fits into
the slot.

WOOD JOINERY
WOOD JOINERY

Answer: The dovetail joint is one of the hardest if not the Answer: A half-blind dovetail is a joint where the
hardest woodwork joint to construct and as its name tails fit into mortises in the ends of the board that
suggests the joint consists of pins that look like dovetails
is the front of the item, hiding their ends. Half-
which interlock into slots. The pins are glued into the slots
and a nail on each pin can be inserted to help keep the blind dovetails are commonly used to fasten
dovetail joint strong and square until the glue dries. drawer fronts to drawer sides.

WOOD JOINERY
WOOD JOINERY
Answer: The mortise and tenon joint is another Answer: The rabbet joint is a very similar
one of the strongest and most appealing woodwork joint to the butt joint but the big
woodwork joints able to be made because of its difference between the two is that one of the ends
flush fitting design. This woodwork joint consist of of the timber has a groove cut out of it to create
a tongue that is secured into a slot and it is used much better holding strength.
in areas such as table legs.

WOOD JOINERY
WOOD JOINERY

Answer: A bridled joint is a modified version of Answer: In woodwork and manufacturing, a
the mortise and tenon joint. Instead of cutting a finger joint is also known as a comb joint. This is
square piece to form a corner, woodworkers when two pieces of wood are joined together and
create a lengthy edge that fits into a grooved glued. Wood pieces are connected end-to-end
receptacle. It creates a right angle through this with finger-like connections.
connection with three adequate surfaces that hold
adhesive for added strength.

WOOD JOINERY
WOOD JOINERY
Answer: A sliding dovetail joint is a variation of Answer: A box joint is a woodworking joint made
dovetail joinery which works like a tongue and by cutting a set of complementary, interlocking
groove while using the dovetail technique. The profiles in two pieces of wood, which are then
dovetail slot is machined in the face of the board joined (usually) at right angles, usually glued.
while the pin profile is cut at the end of the
matching piece.

WOOD JOINERY
WOOD JOINERY

Answer: Rolled roofing consists of long rolls of Answer: A built-up roofing is constructed with
mineral-impregnated and asphalt-impregnated several layers of roofing felt impregnated with
material topped with mineral granules. Each roll is asphalt that is applied hot. The felt is applied in
about 100 square feet of roofing, and about 3 feet overlapping layers to form a barrier two to four
wide. layers thick, then a layer of finely crushed stone is
embedded in hot tar over the top to create a very
durable and impenetrable roof.

ROOFING MATERIAL
ROOFING MATERIAL
Answer: The dowel joint is assembled in the same way Answer: An asphalt shingle roofing is a type of
that you would screw a regular joint together only pieces of roofing mae of overlapping asphalt shingles which
dowel are glued and inserted into holes instead of screws.
are a type of wall or roof shingle that uses asphalt
By using pieces of dowel over screws the joint becomes
much stronger and can be turned into an appealing for waterproofing. It is one of the most widely
feature. used roofing covers in North America because it
has a relatively inexpensive up-front cost and is
fairly simple to install.

ROOFING MATERIAL
WOOD JOINERY

Answer: A metal panel roofing is a roofing type Answer: A metal shingles roofing is a type of
made of metal panels with interlocking edges. It roofing made of metal shingles.
comes in different profiles.

ROOFING MATERIAL
ROOFING MATERIAL
Answer: A clay roofing is a type of roofing made Answer: A concrete roofing is a type of roof
of interlocking clay tiles. made from interlocking concrete roof tiles.

ROOFING MATERIAL
ROOFING MATERIAL

Answer: (1) Header, (2) Stretcher and (3) Rowlock Answer: (1) Soldier, (2) Shiner and (3) Sailor
IDENTIFY THESE TYPES OF
IDENTIFY THESE TYPES OF

BRICK ORIENTATION
BRICK ORIENTATION
Answer: A slate roofing is a type of roofing made Answer: A wood shingle roofing is a type of
of slate shingles. Slate is a type of stone. roofing made from overlapping wooden shingles
or wood shakes.

ROOFING MATERIAL
ROOFING MATERIAL

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Answer: A box nail is very similar to a common Answer: A casing nail is a nail having a small

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NAILS

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF SCREW

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SCREW DRIVE

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SCREW DRIVE

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SCREW DRIVE

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SCREW DRIVE

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF BOLT

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF WASHER

IDENTIFY THIS FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NUT

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF WASHER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NUT

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF NUT

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FASTENER

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF RIVET

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF RIVET

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF RIVET

IDENTIFY THIS TIMBER CONNECTOR

Answer: A split-ring is a timber connector Answer: A shear plate is a timber connected

IDENTIFY THIS TIMBER CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS CONNECTOR

IDENTIFY THIS ITEM